● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS

1. The cell that comprises of membrane bound organelle is called?

a) Prokaryotic Cell
b) Eukaryotic Cell
c) Viral cell
d) Non-cellular Structure
2. The cell that does not comprise of membrane bound organelle is called?
a) Prokaryotic Cell
b) Eukaryotic Cell
c) Viral cell
d) Non-cellular Structure
3. Which of the following is the biochemical aspect of cell?
a) self-replication
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Hydrophobic Interactions
d) Anaerobic Survival
4. Which of the following is the biochemical aspect of cell?
a) Energy Generation
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Hydrophobic Interactions
d) Anaerobic Survival

Cell Membrane Structure

● COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE
5. Identify the layer that envelops the cell, separating internal environment from the
external environment?
a) Nuclear membrane
b) Cell envelop
c) Cell wall
d) Plasma membrane
6. Identify the layer that maintains the correct ionic composition of the cytosol?
a) Nuclear membrane
b) Cell envelop
c) Cell wall
d) Plasma membrane
7. Identify the layer that maintains the correct osmotic pressure of the cytosol?
a) Nuclear membrane
b) Cell envelop
c) Cell wall
d) Plasma membrane
8. In a Fluid Mosiac Bilayer model of Cell membrane, whichregion interacts with the
aqueous medium on both sides of the bilayer?
a) Hydrophilic head
b) hydrophobic tails
c) Cholestrol
d) Glycolipids
9. In a Fluid Mosiac Bilayer model of Cell membrane, which region does not interacts with
the aqueous medium on both sides of the bilayer?
a) hydrophilic head
b) hydrophobic tails
c) Phosphate heads
d) Glycolipids
10. In a Fluid Mosiac Bilayer model of Cell membrane, which region forms the permeability
barrier by creating hydrophobic core?
a) hydrophilic head
b) Lipid tails
c) Phosphate heads
d) Glycolipids
Membrane Proteins/ Receptors & Signal Molecules
● CLASSIFICATION/TYPES
11. Membranes are involved in signaling processes because of the presence of which
membrane protein?
a) Receptors
b) Hormones
c) Ion channels
d) G Proteins
12. Membrane proteins are tightly associated with the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer
are known as?
a) Integral Protein
b) Peripheral Protein
c) Receptors
d) G Proteins
● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS
13. The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier due to the presence of specific
transport proteins, known as?
a) Membrane proteins
b) Receptors
c) Lipoproteins
d) Phospholipids

BODY FLUIDS
Structure and properties of Water
● COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE
14. Water is a simple molecule composed of two small, positively charged atoms of which
element?
a) Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Nitrogen
d) Sulphur

15. Water is a simple molecule composed of one large negatively charged atom of which
element?
a) Oxygen
b) Hydrogen
c) Nitrogen
d) Sulphur
Weak Acids & Bases
● DEFINITION
16. Which of the following is a proton donor?
a) Acid
b) Base
c) pH
d) pOH
Concept of pH &Pk
17. A measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution is called?
a) Acid
b) Base
c) pH
d) pOH

18. A measure of the concentration of OH- in a solution is called?

a) Acid
b) Base
c) pH
d) pOH

Buffers, their mechanism of action

● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS

19. The species formed by the ionization of an acid?

a) conjugate acid
b) conjugate base
c) Acid
d) Base
20. The species formed by the ionization of abase?
a) conjugate acid
b) conjugate base
c) Acid
d) Base

21. Which of the following is able to resist changes in the pH of a solution?

a) Acid
b) Base
c) Buffer
d) HCl

Body buffers
● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS
22. Identify the Biological fluids comprising of buffering capacity from the list given as
bellows?
a) Cytosol
b) Saliva
c) Buffers
d) Urine
23. Identify the Biological fluids comprising of buffering capacity from the list given as
bellows?
a) Blood
b) Saliva
c) Buffers
d) Urine

BIOMOLECULES
AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES & PROTEINS
Amino acids: Classification
● CLASSIFICATION/TYPES
24. Which of the following is the smallest amino acid with the simplest structure?
a) Alanine
b) Glycine
c) Leucine
d) Valine

25. Based on nutritional requirements, amino acids are classified as which of the following?
a) Aromatic and Aliphatic amino acids
b) Essential and Non-essential amino acids
c) Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic amino acids
d) Polar and Non-polar amino acids

Acid-Base Properties
● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS

26.Which of the following have acid–base groups that are effective at buffering in the
physiological pH range(pH 6–8)?
a) Amino acids
b) Carbohydrates
c) Vitamin
d) Water
27.Which of the following are involved in buffering system of the body?
a) Amino acids
b) Carbohydrates
c) Vitamin
d) Water

Functions & Significance

● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS
28.Which of the following is protein in nature?
a) Antibodies
b) Antigens
c) Neurotropic factors
d) Steroid Hormones

29.Which of the following is protein in nature?

a) Antigens
b) Haemoglobin
c) Neurotropic factors
d) Steroid Hormones

30.Which of the following is protein in nature?

a) Antigens
b) Myoglobin
c) Neurotropic factors
d) Steroid Hormones

31.Which of the following is protein in nature?

a) Antigens
b) Neurotropic factors
c) Receptors
d) Steroid Hormones

32.Which of the following is protein in nature?

a) Antigens
b) Neurotropic factors
c) Enzymes
d) Steroid Hormones

Protein Structure, Primary, Secondary & Super secondary. &, Structural Motifs
● DEFINITION
33.The structure in which protein is a linear sequence of amino acids linked together by
peptide bond?
a) PrimaryStructure
b) QuaternaryStructure
c) Secondary Structure
d) Tertiary Structure

34.Secondary structure in a protein refers to cylindrical, rod-like helical arrangement of the

amino acids in the polypeptide chain which is maintained by hydrogen bonds?
a) PrimaryStructure
b) Quaternary Structure
c) α-helix
d) β-pleated sheet

35.Secondary structure in proteins, in which two or more extended strands of the

polypeptide chain lie side by side is called?
a) PrimaryStructure
b) Quaternary Structure
c) α-helix
d) β-pleated sheet

36.A chemical bond formed between two Amino acids when the carboxyl group of one
reacts with the amino group of the other is called?
a) Covalent Bond
b) Glycosidic Bond
c) Hydrogen Bond
d) Peptide Bond

Tertiary & Quaternary Structures of Proteins

● DEFINITION
 37.Which of the following refers to the structure of a protein in which the arrangement of
the secondary structures into this final 3-dimensional shape is called?
a) Primary Structure
b) Quaternary Structure
c) Secondary Structure
d) Tertiary Structure

38.Which of the following structure of a proteinis biologically active?

a) PrimaryStructure
b) Peptide Bond
c) Secondary Structure
d) Tertiary Structure

39.Which of the following structure of a protein is the associated with several protein
chains or subunits into a closely packed arrangement?
a) PrimaryStructure
b) Quaternary Structure
c) Secondary Structure
d) Tertiary Structure

Classification of Proteins
● DEFINITION
40.Which of the following macromolecules comprises of one or more long chains of amino
acid residues?
a) Carbohydrate
b) Lipid
c) Nucleic acid
d) Protein

● CLASSIFICATION/TYPES
Fibrous proteins (collagens and elastins )& Globular proteins
41.On the basis of structure, proteins are divided into how many classes?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

42.On the basis of structure, proteins are divided intowhich classes?

a) Aromatic and Aliphatic
b) Essential and Non-essential
c) Fibrous & Globular
d) Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic

● DEFINITION
43.The oxygen-binding proteins are included in which category of proteins?
a) Aromatic
b) Fibrous
c) Globular
d) Non-essential

44.Hemoglobin is an example of which of the following?

a) Aromatic
b) Fibrous
c) Globular
d) Non-essential

45.Myoglobin is an example of which of the following?

a) Aromatic
b) Fibrous
c) Globular
d) Non-essential

46.Hemoglobin is an example of which of the following?

a) Aromatic
b) Fibrous
c) Hemeproteins
d) Non-essential

47.Myoglobin is an example of which of the following?

a) Aromatic
b) Fibrous
c) Hemeproteins
d) Non-essential

● COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE
48.How many polypeptide chains are present in Hemoglobin?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

49.How many polypeptide chains are present in Myoglobin?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

50.How many amino acids are present in a single polypeptide chain ofMyoglobin?
a) 141
b) 146
c) 151
d) 153

51.How many amino acids are present in α-polypeptide chain of Hemoglobin?

a) 141
b) 146
c) 151
d) 153

52.How many amino acids are present in β-polypeptide chain of Hemoglobin?

a) 141
b) 146
c) 151
d) 153

ENZYMES
Introduction& Classification & Properties of Enzymes

● DEFINITION
53.Proteins that help speed up metabolism are referred to as?
a) Antibodies
b) Antigens
c) Enzymes
d) Neurotransmitters

54.Catalytically active proteins are referred to as?

a) Antibodies
b) Antigens
c) Enzymes
d) Neurotransmitters

● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS

55.The chemical reactions in a biological system are regulated by which of the following?
a) Antibodies
 b) Antigens
c) Enzymes
d) Neurotransmitters
56.Which of the following catalyze all aspects of cell metabolism?
a) Antibodies
b) Antigens
c) Enzymes
d) Neurotransmitters

Coenzymes
● DEFINITION
57.enzymes require the presence of small, nonprotein units known as?
a) Antibodies
b) Antigens
c) Cofactors
d) Substrate

58.enzymes require the presence of small, nonprotein units known as?

a) Antibodies
b) Antigens
c) prosthetic group
d) Substrate

59.enzymes require the presence of small, nonprotein units that organic in nature is
called?
a) Coenzyme
b) Cofactors
c) Holoenzyme
d) Prosthetic Group

60.enzymes require the presence of small, nonprotein units that inorganic in nature is
called?
a) Coenzyme
b) Cofactors
c) Holoenzyme
d) Substrate

Isozymes & Proenzymes

● DEFINITION
61.The precursor of the enzyme is called?
a) Apoenzyme
 b) Holoenzyme
c) Proenzyme
d) Substrate

62.The precursor of the enzyme is called?

a) Apoenzyme
b) Holoenzyme
c) Substrate
d) Zymogen

63.Different forms of an enzyme which catalyze the same reaction is called?

a) Apoenzyme
b) Holoenzyme
c) Isoenzyme
d) Zymogen

Regulation & Inhibition of Enzyme activity & enzymes inhibitors

● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS
64.The catalytic rate of an enzyme can be lowered by which of the following?
a) Holoenzyme
b) Inhibitors
c) Isoenzyme
d) Zymogen

65.The inhibitor competes with the substrate molecules for binding to the active site of the
enzyme is called?
a) Competitive
b) Irreversible
c) Isoenzyme
d) Noncompetitive

● COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE
66.A competitive inhibitor binds to which side of an enzyme?
a) Isoenzyme
b) Active
c) Allosteric
d) Zymogen

67.A Non-competitive inhibitor binds to which side of an enzyme?

a) Isoenzyme
b) Active
c) Allosteric
 d) Zymogen

Clinical Diagnostic Enzymology

● USE
68.Which of the following enzymes are checked in LFT?
a) alanine transaminase
b) Amylase
c) Hexokinase
d) Peptidase
69.Which of the following enzymes are checked in LFT?
a) aspartate aminotransferase
b) Amylase
c) Hexokinase
d) Peptidase
70.Which of the following enzymes are checked in LFT?
a) alkaline phosphatase
b) Amylase
c) Hexokinase
d) Peptidase

71.Which of the following tests is performed to measure specific enzymes and proteins in
blood?
a) Complete Blood Count
b) ECG
c) Liver Function Test
d) Ultrasound
CARBOHYDRATES
Definition, Classification, Biochemical Functions & Significance of Carbohydrates
● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS

72.The tissues with the highest total glycogen content are

a.Muscle and kidneys
b. Kidneys and liver
c. Liver and muscle
d.Brain and Liver

73.Tissues form lactic acid from glucose. This phenomenon is termed as

a.Aerobic glycolysis
b. Oxidation
c. Oxidative phosphorylation
d.Anaerobic glycolysis
 74.Which of the following is the main source of energy?
a) Lipid
b) Protein
c) Carbohydrate
d) Nucliec Acid

● COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE
75.A pentose sugar is
a. Dihydroxyacetone
b. Ribulose
c. Erythrose
d. Glucose
76.Sucrose consists of
a.Glucose + glucose
b. Glucose + fructose
c. Glucose + galactose
d. Glucose + lactose

77.Starch is a

a.Polysaccharide
b. Monosaccharide
c. Disaccharide
d.protein

● USE
78.The sugar found in DNA is
a.Xylose
b. Ribose
c. Deoxyribose
d.Ribulose

79.The sugar found in RNA is

a.Ribose
b. Deoxyribose
c. Ribulose
d.Erythrose

Structure & Properties of Monosaccharaides & Oligosaccharides

80.Which of the following are the simplest carbohydrates that have the general formula
(CH2O)n where n is 3 or more?
 a) Disaccharaides
b) Monosaccharaides
c) Oligosaccharides
d) Polysaccharides

81.The general formula of Monosaccharaides is?

a) (C3H2O3)n
b) (CH2O)n
c) C12H12O12
d) C2H2O2
Structure & Properties of Polysaccharides
● COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE
82.Cellulose is made up of the molecules of

a.glucose
b. fructose
c. Galactose
d.Maltose

Bacterial Cell Wall

● COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE
83.Bacterial cell wall is made up of
a. Chitin
b. Cellulose
c. Peptidoglycan
d. Mannose

84.Peptidoglycan is a polymer made up of

a. NAG
b. cellulose
c. lactose
d. Lipids
Heteropolysaccharides
● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS
85.Which of the following contain two or more different monosaccharide units?
Heteropolysaccharides
Homopolysaccharides
Monosacchrides
Disacchrides

GAGS
● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS
86.The function of GAG is?
a) body lubricant
b) Enzyme
c) Hormone
d) Receptor

87.The function of GAG is?

a) Enzyme
b) Hormone
c) Receptor
d) Shock Absorber

LIPIDS

Fatty Acids: Chemistry

● STRUCTURE
88.The Fatty acid is components of membranes?
a) Glycerophospholipids
b) Nucleic Acid
c) Mineral
d) Carbohydrate

89.Which of the following biomolecule have a long hydrocarbon chain with a terminal
carboxylic acid group?
a) Nucleic Acid
b) Mineral
c) Carbohydrate
d) Fatty Acid

Classification occurrence & Functions

● BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS
90.Which of the following are energy stores of Fatty acids?
a) Glycerophospholipids
b) Sphingolipids
c) Triacylglycerols
d) leukotrienes

91.Which of the following are fuel molecule of Fatty acids?

a) Glycerophospholipids
b) Sphingolipids
 c) Triacylglycerols
d) leukotrienes

Structure & Properties of Triacylglycerols and Complex Lipids

● COMPOSITION/Structure
92.Triacylglycerol is composed of how many Fatty acids?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Classification & Functions of Eicosanoids

93.Which of the following is an eicosanoid?
a) GAG
b) Glycoprotein
c) Prostacyclins
d) Triacylglycerol
94.Which of the following is an eicosanoid?
a) GAG
b) Glycoprotein
c) Thromboxanes
d) Triacylglycerol
95.Which of the following is an eicosanoid?
a) GAG
b) Glycoprotein
c) Leukotrienes
d) Triacylglycerol
96.Which of the following act as local hormone?
a) GAG
b) Glycoprotein
c) Prostacyclins
d) Triacylglycerol

Cholesterol: Chemistry, Functions & Clinical Significance

97.Number of Carbons present in Cholesterol?
a) 23
b) 25
c) 27
d) 29

98.Cholesterol is the precursor of which of the following?

a) GAG
b) Glycoprotein
c) Steroid Hormones
d) Triacylglycerol

Bile acids/salts
99.Cholesterol is the precursor of which of the following?
a) GAG
b) Glycoprotein
c) Bile salts
d) Triacylglycerol

100. Which of the following is an example of Bile Salt?

a) Triacylglycerol
b) Glycoprotein
c) glycocholate
d) GAGs

NUCLEIC ACIDS
Structure, Functions & Biochemical Role of Nucleotides
101. Which of the following is the building block of nucleic acids?
a) Triacylglycerol
b) Glycoprotein
c) Nucleotides
d) GAG

102. Which of the following is Base+sugar+phosphate?

a) Glycoprotein
b) Nucleotides
c) Nucleosides
d) GAG
Structure & Functions of DNA
103. Which of the following stores all of the genetic information that an organism?
a) DNA
b) Mineral
c) RNA
d) Vitamin
Structure & Functions of RNA
104. Which of the following is associated with translating genetic information?
a) DNA
b) Mineral
 c) RNA
d) Vitamin

NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

MINERALS & TRACE ELEMENTS

Sources, RDA, Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Calcium & Phosphorus
105. Which of the following nutrient is most commonly associated with the formation and
metabolism of bone?
a) Calcium
b) Cu
c) Zn
d) Mg

106. Hypocalcemia may cause Which of the following?

a) Osteoporosis
b) Nightblindness
c) Colorblindness
d) Rickets

Sources, RDA, Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Sodium, Potassium& Chloride
107. Which of the following is associated with nerve impulse?
a) Cu
b) Zn
c) Mg
d) Na

108. Which of the following is associated with nerve impulse?

a) Cu
b) Zn
c) Mg
d) K

VITAMINS
Sources, RDA, Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Fat Soluble Vitamins
109. Which of the following is Fat soluble Vitamin?
a) Vitamins A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin B
d) Chloride
110. Which of the following is Fat soluble Vitamin?
a) Vitamins E
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin B
d) Chloride
111. Which of the following is Fat soluble Vitamin?
a) Vitamins K
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin B
d) Chloride
Sources, RDA, Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Water Soluble Vitamins
112. Which of the following is Water soluble Vitamin?
a) Vitamins A
b) Vitamin E
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin C
113. Which of the following is Water soluble Vitamin?
a) Vitamins A
b) Vitamin E
c) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin B