CHAPTER THREE

MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCE

3.0 Material Balance

Sorting Unit

Unsorted Sorted oranges (3)

plantain(1)

Crushed, spoilt, plantain (2)

Table 4.1 Compositions of various streams on the sorting unit.

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3

Mass Mass, % Mass flow Mass, % Mass flow rate, Mass, %

Flow rate, kg/hr kg/hr
rate,
kg/hr

Good plantain 3541.63 99.9 0 0 3541.63 100

fruits

Crushed ,spoilt plantain 3.55 0.1 3.55 100 0 0

Total 3545.18 100 3.55 100 3541.63 100

 Washing Unit

Wash water (2)

Unclean plantain(1) washed plantain (3)

Dirty water (4)

Table 4.2 Compositions of various streams on the washing unit

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3 Stream 4

Mass, % Mass Mass Mass Mass, Mass flow Mass % Mass flow rate
flow flow % Rate, kg/hr , kg/hr
rate ,% rate
, kg/hr , kg/hr
Water 0 0 100 7083.26 0 0 99.95 7083.26

Dirt 0.1 3.54 0 0 0 0 0.05 3.54

Plantain 99.9 3538.0 0 0 100 3538.09 0 0

9

Total 100 3541.6 100 350 100 3538.09 100 7086.8

3
 Peeling Unit

Plantain (1)

Peeled Plantain (3)

Plantain peels (2)

Table 4.3 Compositions of various streams on the Peeler

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3

Mass, % Mass Mass, % Mass Mass, % Mass

flowrate, flowrate, flowrate,
kg/hr kg/hr kg/hr

Plantain 50 1769.05 0 0 55.56 1769.05

Chips

Plantain 10 353.81 100 353.81 0 0

peels

Plantain 40 1415.24 0 0 44.44 1415.24

pulp

Total 100 3538.09 100 353.81 100 3184.29

 P

Pasteurizer

Water lost as vapour (2)

Feed input (1) feed output rate (3)

Table 4.7 Compositions of various streams on the Pasteurizer

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3

Mass, % Mass Mass, % Mass Mass, % Mass

flowrate, flowrate, flowrate,
kg/hr kg/hr kg/hr

Plantain 100 1726.92 0 0 100 1554.23

Chips

Water 0 0 100 172.69 0 0

vapour
Total 100 1726.92 100 172.69 100 1554.23

Drying Unit

Moisture from feed (2)

Feed input from slicer (1) sliced plantain pulp (3)

Table 4.10 Compositions of various streams on the Dryer.

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3

Mass, Mass flowrate, Mass, Mass flowrate, Mass, Mass flowrate,

% kg/hr % kg/hr % kg/hr

Water/ 20.97 81.39 0 0 0.59 1.82
moisture

Sliced 79.03 306.78 0 0 99.41 306.78

Plantain

Water 0 0 100 79.57 0 0

 vapour
Total 100 388.17 100 79.57 100 308.60

ENERGY BALANCE

Sorting Unit

Unsorted Plantain (1) Crushed, spoilt,

Plantain (2)

Sorted Plantain (3)

Table 4.11 Compositions of various streams on the sorting unit.

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3

Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy,

kJ/hr % kJ/hr % kJ/hr %

 Good Plantain 13210.30 99.90 0.00 0.00 13210.30 100.00

Crushed, spoilt 13.22 0.10 13.22 100.00 0.00 0.00

plantain

Total 13223.52 100.00 13.22 100.00 13210.30 100.00

Temperature : 25oC

Pressure: 101.23 kPa

Washing Unit

Wash water (2)

Unclean plantain (1) washed Plantain (3)

Dirty water (4)

Table 4.12 Compositions of various streams on the washing unit

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3 Stream 4

Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy,

kJ/hr % kJ/hr % kJ/hr % kJ/hr %

Water 0.00 0.00 740200.67 100.00 329926.89 100.00 740200.31 0.06
Dirt 407.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 407.39 99.94

329926.74 99.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Plantain

Total 330333.74 100.00 740200.67 100.00 329926.89 100.00 740607.70 100.00

Temperature : 25 o C

Pressure : 101.23 kPa

PEELING UNIT

Plantain (1) Peeled plantain (3)

Plantain peels (2)

Table 4.13 Compositions of various streams on the peeling unit.

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3

Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy,

kJ/hr % kJ/hr % kJ/hr %

Plantain 329926.89 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Plantain 0.00 0.00 33346.59 0.00 0.00 0.00
peels

Peeled 0.00 0.00 0.00 296935.04 100.00

Plantain

Total 329926.89 100.00 33346.59 0.00 296935.04 100

Temperature : 25 oC

Pressure : 101.23 kPa

Pasteuriser

Water lost as vapour (2)

Feed input from slicer feed output rate (3)

Table 4.17 Compositions of various streams on the pasteuriser.

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 3

Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy,

kJ/hr % kJ/hr % kJ/hr %

Plantain 325524.42 100.00 0.00 0.00 380864.06 100
chips
 Water 0.00 0.00 405078.93 100.00 0.00 0.00

vapour
Total 325524.42 100.00 405078.93 100.00 380864.06 100.00

Temperature : 65 oC

Pressure : 101.23 kPa

Dryer

Moisture from feed (2)

Feed input from slicer (1) plantain chips (3)

Table 4.20 Compositions of various streams on the Dryer.

Component Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 2 Stream 3

Enthalpy, ,% Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy, Enthalpy,

kJ/hr kJ/hr kJ/hr % kJ/hr %
%
Plantain 12275.01 20.97 0.00 0.00 0 0 28913.96 99.41
chips
Water 46261.03 79.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 171.60 0.59
(moisture)
Water 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 187618.1 100.00 0.00 0.00
vapour 0

Hot air 187618.10 100.00

Total 58536.04 100 187618.1 100.00 187618.1 100 29085.56 100.00

0 0
Temperature : 65 oC

Pressure : 101.23 kPa