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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Determine whether the given expression is a monomial (Yes or No). For those that are monomials, state the coefficient
and degree.
1
1) x5
4
1
A) no B) yes; coefficient ; degree 4
5
1 1
C) yes; coefficient 5; degree D) yes; coefficient ; degree 5
4 4
Answer: D

2) y-7
A) yes; coefficient 1; degree -7 B) yes; coefficient -7; degree 1
C) yes; coefficient y; degree -7 D) no
Answer: D

3) -6y7
A) yes; coefficient 7; degree -6 B) no
C) yes; coefficient -6; degree 7 D) yes; coefficient 6; degree 7
Answer: C

1
4)
r5
A) yes; coefficient 1; degree 5 B) no
C) yes; coefficient 1; degree -5 D) yes; coefficient 5; degree 1
Answer: B

y3
5)
4
1 1
A) yes; coefficient ; degree 3 B) yes; coefficient ; degree 4
4 3
1
C) no D) yes; coefficient 3; degree
4
Answer: A

6) 6xy7
A) yes; coefficient 6; degree 8 B) yes; coefficient 8; degree 6
C) yes; coefficient 6; degree 7 D) no
Answer: A

7) -mn 5
A) no B) yes; coefficient -1; degree 5
C) yes; coefficient -1; degree 6 D) yes; coefficient m; degree 5
Answer: C

1
 8) x
A) no B) yes; coefficient 1; degree 1
C) yes; coefficient x; degree 1 D) yes; coefficient 1; degree x
Answer: B

9) 6
A) yes; coefficient 6; degree 1 B) yes; coefficient 6; degree 0
C) yes; coefficient 0; degree 6 D) no
Answer: B

5
10)
8
5
A) no B) yes; coefficient 0; degree
8
5
C) yes; coefficient ; degree 0 D) yes; coefficient 1; degree 0
8
Answer: C

Determine whether the algebraic expression is a polynomial (Yes or No). If it is a polynomial, write the polynomial in
standard form, determine the degree and state if it is a monomial, binomial, or trinomial. If it is a polynomial with more
than 3 terms, identify the expression as a polynomial.
11) 7y2 + 9
A) yes; 7y2 + 9; degree 2; binomial B) yes; 7y2 + 9; degree 3; binomial
C) yes; 7y2 + 9; degree 7; monomial D) no
Answer: A

-9
12)
x
-9
A) yes; ; degree 1; binomial B) no
x

C) yes; -9x-1 ; degree 1; monomial D) yes; -9x-1; degree - 1; monomial

Answer: B

13) 5m 1/5 - 6
1
A) yes; 5m 1/5 - 6; degree ; trinomial B) no
5
1
C) yes; 5m 1/5 - 6; degree ; binomial D) yes; 5m - 6; degree 1; binomial
5
Answer: B

2
 3
14)
2
3
A) yes; ; degree 1; monomial B) no
2
3 3
C) yes, ; degree 0; monomial D) yes; ; degree 0; binomial
2 2
Answer: C

15) 4y4 + 5y2 - 6

A) yes; 4y4 + 5y2 - 6; degree 4; trinomial B) yes; 4y4 + 5y2 - 6; degree 2; binomial
C) no D) yes; 5y2 + 4y4 - 6; degree 2; trinomial
Answer: A

16) 4x-4 - 8x + 2
A) yes; 4x-4 - 8x + 2; degree 2; polynomial B) yes; 4x-4 - 8x + 2; degree 4; binomial
C) yes; 4x-4 - 8x + 2; degree -4; trinomial D) no
Answer: D

17) 3z5 + 4z 3 - 5z + 8
A) yes; 3z 5 + 4z 3 - 5z + 8; degree 5; polynomial B) yes; 3z 5 + 4z 3 - 5z + 8; degree 8; trinomial
C) no D) yes; 8 - 5z + 4z 3 + 3z5 ; degree 8; polynomial
Answer: A

18) 7m 4n 4 + 6mn 10 - 8
A) yes; 6mn 10 + 7m 4 n 4 - 8; degree 11; trinomial B) yes; 7m 4 n 4 + 6mn 10 - 8; degree 20; trinomial
C) no D) yes; 6mn 10 + 7m 4n 4 - 8; degree 10; polynomial
Answer: A

19) 5y4 + 7x5

A) yes; 7x5 + 5y4 ; degree 4; trinomial B) no
C) yes; 5y4 + 7x5 ; degree 4; binomial D) yes; 7x5 + 5y4; degree 5; binomial
Answer: D

20) -5pqr7 + 2p2 r - 3q1/2r

A) no
B) yes; -5pqr7 + 2p2 r - 3q1/2r; degree 14; trinomial
C) yes; 5pqr7 + 2p2r + 3q1/2r; degree 5; binomial
D) yes; -5pqr7 + 2p2 r - 3q1/2r; degree 9; trinomial
Answer: A

Add the polynomials. Express your answer in standard form.

21) (9x - 3) + (-7x - 8)
A) 2x + 11 B) -63x2 + 24 C) 2x - 11 D) 2x2 - 11
Answer: C

3
22) (5x2 - 5x - 2) + (7x2 - 5x + 7)
A) 12x2 - 10x + 5 B) 12x2 - 5x + 5 C) 12x4 - 10x2 + 5 D) 35x2 - 5x + 5
Answer: A

23) (6y3 + 2y2 ) + (2y3 + 9y2 )

A) 8y3 + 11y2 B) 19y10 C) 19y5 D) 8y6 + 11y4
Answer: A

1 2 2 1 1 3 3
24) - x - x+ + x2 + x -
3 5 5 5 4 4
2 2 3 2 4 7 2 11
A) - x - 3x - B) - x + x -
3 2 15 20 20
13 6 11 2 2 7 11
C) x - D) - x + x-
60 20 15 20 20
Answer: D

25) (8x2 - xy - y2 ) + (x2 + 5xy + 9y2 )

A) 7x2 - 6xy - 10y2 B) 9x2 + 4xy + 8y2 C) 8x2 + 5xy + 9y2 D) 9x2 + 6xy + 10y2
Answer: B

26) (9x + 2) + (3x + 3)

A) 17x B) 12x + 5 C) 12x D) 12x2 + 5
Answer: B

27) (6x2 + 18x + 12) + (-2x2 + 16x + 3)

A) 4x2 + 34x + 9 B) 4x2 - 34x + 15 C) 4x2 + 34x + 15 D) 4x2 + 20x + 9
Answer: C

28) (x - x2 + 6) + (7 - 2x2 + x3 )
A) x3 - 1x2 + x - 13 B) x3 + 3x2 + x + 13 C) x3 - 3x2 + x + 13 D) x3 - 3x2 + 13x
Answer: C

29) (3b3 - 5b - 2) + (5b4 - 7b3 + b2 - 6b)

A) 5b4 - 4b3 + b2 - 11b - 2 B) 5b4 - 4b3 + b2 + 11b - 2
C) 5b4 - 10b3 + b2 + 11b - 2 D) 5b4 + 4b3 + b2 - 11b - 2
Answer: A

30) (9 - 10y2 ) + (4y2 - 3 - 5y)

A) -14y2 - 5y + 6 B) -6y2 + 5y + 6 C) -6y2 - 5y + 12 D) -6y2 - 5y + 6
Answer: D

31) (14mn 4 + 3m 2 n 2 + n 4) + (2m 2 n 2 - 7n 4 - 6mn 4 )

A) 8mn 4 + 5m 2 n 2 - 8n 4 B) 20mn 4 - 5m 2 n 2 - 6n 4
C) 8mn 4 + 5m 2 n 2 - 6n 4 D) 20mn 4 + 5m 2 n 2 + 6n 4
Answer: C

4
Subtract the polynomials. Express your answer in standard form.
32) (7x + 5) - (18x + 12)
A) -11x + 17 B) -11x - 7 C) -18x2 D) 25x + 17
Answer: B

33) (8x6 - 20x4 + 10) - (4x6 - 12x4 + 8)

A) 4x6 - 16x4 + 18 B) 4x6 - 8x4 + 2 C) -2x10 D) 4x6 - 8x4 + 18
Answer: B

34) 6z - (14 - 4z)

A) 2z + 14 B) 2z - 14 C) 10z + 14 D) 10z - 14
Answer: D

35) 17x3 - 19x2

- ( 3x3 + 14x2 )
A) 20x3 - 33x2 B) 20x3 - 5x2 C) 14x3 - 33x2 D) 14x3 - 5x2
Answer: C

36) (20x - 19) - (11x + 9)

A) 31x - 28 B) 31x - 10 C) 9x - 28 D) 9x - 10
Answer: C

37) (4x2 - 9x + 14) - (7x2 - 16x - 14)

A) -3x2 + 7x + 0 B) -3x2 - 2x + 0 C) -3x2 + 7x + 28 D) 32x9
Answer: C

38) (5m + 11m 3 ) - (-8 - 3m - 6m 3 )

A) 5m 3 + 8m + 8 B) 17m 3 + 8m - 8 C) 5m 3 + 8m - 8 D) 17m 3 + 8m + 8
Answer: D

4 2 3 1 8
39) y - y - 2 - y2 + y - 5
5 6 8 9
11 37 2 25 37 2 25 27 2 25
A) 1y2 - y+ 3 B) y - +7 C) y + +7 D) y - y+3
15 40 18 40 18 40 18
Answer: D

40) (10a 2 b - 11ab + 7) - (3a 2b + 3ab - 4)

A) 7a2 b - 14ab + 11 B) 7a 2 b + 14ab - 11 C) 7a 2 b + 14ab + 11 D) 13a 2 b - 14ab + 11
Answer: A

Simplify. Express your answer in standard form.

41) (3x2 - 11x + 3) - (x2 - 5x + 2) + (4x2 + 5)
A) -2x2 - 16x + 10 B) 6x2 + 6x + 6 C) 6x2 - 6x + 10 D) 6x2 - 6x + 6
Answer: D

5
 42) (3a4 + 4a 3 ) + (5a 4 + 9a3 ) - (3a4 - 8a 3 )
A) 26a 7 B) 5a 8 + 21a 6 C) 5a 4 + 21a 3 D) 26a 14
Answer: C

43) (x2 - 4x + 2) + (x3 - 5x + 8) + (4x3 + 6x + 7)

A) 5x3 + x2 - 3x + 9 B) 5x3 - 4x2 + 2x + 17
C) 6x3 - 3x + 17 D) 5x3 + x2 - 3x + 17
Answer: D

44) (n 6 - 15) + (2n 5 - 10n 4 - 19) - (7n 5 + 2n 4 - 14)

A) n 6 - 5n 5 - 3n 4 - 48 B) n 6 - 5n 5 - 12n 4 - 48
C) -37n 9 D) n 6 - 5n 5 - 12n 4 - 20
Answer: D

Perform the indicated operations. Express your answer in standard form.

45) Find the sum of 7y2 - 10y - 2 and - 3y2 + 4y + 7
A) 4y2 - 6y + 5 B) 10y2 - 14y - 9 C) 10y2 - 14y + 5 D) 4y2 + 6y + 9
Answer: A

46) Find the difference of -s2 - 7s + 8 and - 9s2 - 3s + 3.

A) -10s2 - 10s + 11 B) 8s2 - 4s + 5 C) 10s2 - 4s + 11 D) 8s2 + 4s + 5
Answer: B

Write the polynomial that represents the perimeter of the figure.

47)

6-x
2x - 1
x2
x

x2 - 9x - 1
A) x2 - 7x + 4 B) 2x2 - 5x + 4 C) 2x2 - 7x + 4 D) 2x2 + 13x + 6
Answer: C

Evaluate the polynomial for the given value.

48) 2x2 - 7x - 3 x = -4
A) -7 B) 1 C) 57 D) -63
Answer: C

6
 2
49) 6 - x2 (a) x = 4, (b) x = , (c)x = 5.3
9
482 482
A) (a) -2, (b) , (c) -6.00 B) (a) 22, (b) , (c) -22.09
81 81
490 482
C) (a) 22, (b) , (c) 34.09 D) (a) -10, (b) , (c) -22.09
81 81
Answer: D

50) -s2 t + 6st2 - 7 s = 4 and t = -2

A) 71 B) 121 C) 135 D) 249
Answer: B

51) A rocket is stopped 19 feet from a satellite when it begins accelerating away from the satellite at a constant rate
of 18 feet per second per second. The distance between the rocket and the satellite is given by the polynomial 9t2
+ 19. Find the distance between the rocket and the satellite 5 seconds after the rocket started moving.
A) 225 ft B) 64 ft C) 244 ft D) 44 ft
Answer: C

52) The average number of speeding tickets issued in a certain county increases each year. The number of
speeding tickets issued can be described by the polynomial function -0.49x3 + 0.57x2 + 65.28x + 4096.4, where x
is the number of years since 1993. Estimate the number of speeding tickets issued in 2004. Round to the nearest
whole number.
A) 3513 fires B) 4239 fires C) 145 fires D) 4231 fires
Answer: D

Simplify the expression.

53) 6 ∙ 6 3
A) 46,656 B) 216 C) 1296 D) 20,736
Answer: C

54) x ∙ x12
A) x12 B) x13 C) 2x12 D) 2x13
Answer: B

55) y6 ∙ y12
A) y72 B) y18 C) 2y72 D) 2y18
Answer: B

56) t3 ∙ t2 ∙ t4
A) t9 B) t10 C) t5 D) t6
Answer: A

57) (-x)5 ∙ (-x)8

A) (-x)13 B) (-x)40 C) (x)13 D) (x)40
Answer: A

7
 6
58) (y3)
A) y18 B) 6y3 C) y9 D) 6y18
Answer: A

2
59) (3 3)
A) 243 B) 729 C) 81 D) 18
Answer: B

5
60) [(-z)6 ]
5
A) (-z)30 B) (-z 6 ) C) (-z)11 D) -z 11
Answer: A

61) (-3a)2
A) 9a2 B) 9a C) -6a 2 D) -6a
Answer: A

2
62) (-7x3 y9z)
A) 14x6 y18z2 B) -7x5 y11z C) -49x6 y18z 2 D) 49x6 y18z 2
Answer: D

3
63) (2x6 )
A) 2x18 B) 8x18 C) 8x9 D) 2x9
Answer: B

2
64) (-4x6 y5)
A) -16x12y10 B) -8x12y10 C) 16x36y25 D) 16x12y10
Answer: D

Multiply the monomials.

65) (-5z 2 )(3z 3)
A) -15z 5 B) -15z6 C) 15z6 D) 675z 5
Answer: A

66) (10x2 y)(2x4 y5)

A) 12x6 y5 B) 20x8y5 C) 20x6 y5 D) 20x6 y6
Answer: D

1 4 1 2
67) x x
3 7
1 6 1 6 1 8 1 8
A) - x B) x C) - x D) x
21 21 21 21
Answer: B

8
 3 2 4
68) x y (-32xy)
8
A) 12x3 y5 B) 12x2y4 C) -12x3 y5 D) -12x2 y4
Answer: C

69) (n 5 )(7n)
A) 7n 5 B) 35n C) 7n 4 D) 7n 6
Answer: D

5
70) (-5x)3 x4
8
75 5 625 7 25 7 625 12
A) - x B) - x C) - x D) - x
8 8 8 8
Answer: B

4
71) (8y) 3(y3 )
A) 512y36 B) 8y15 C) 512y15 D) 64y13
Answer: C

3
72) (m 3 n) (-6mn 5 )
A) 6m 10n 8 B) -6m 10n 8 C) -6m 9 n 15 D) -18m 4 n 6
Answer: B

5
73) (-4y) 4 (4y2)
A) -128y B) 262,144y40 C) -16y14 D) 262,144y14
Answer: D

1 2
74) x (8x)4 1x4
2
A) 8192x10 B) 8192x16 C) 2x10 D) 1024x10
Answer: D

Solve the problem.

75) Suppose that the width of a rectangle is 6b and its length is 15b. Write an algebraic expression for the area of the
rectangle in terms of b.
A) 21b B) 90b2 C) 180b D) 90b
Answer: B

Use the Distributive Property to find the product.

76) 8x(-8x + 10)
A) -8x2 + 80x B) -64x2 + 10x C) -64x2 + 80x D) 16x2
Answer: C

77) 9x(5x + 8)
A) 45x2 + 72x B) 45x2 + 8x C) 117x2 D) 5x2 + 72x
Answer: A

9
 78) 2z(5z 2 - 3z - 5)
A) 10z 3 - 6z2 - 10z B) 10z 2 - 6z - 10 C) 10z3 - 3z - 5 D) 10z 3 - 6z 2 - 10
Answer: A

79) 7y2 (7y2 + 3y + 4)

A) 49y4 + 21y + 28 B) 49y4 + 21y3 + 28y2 C) 49y4 + 21y2 + 28 D) 14y4 + 10y + 11
Answer: B

4
80) x(42x - 7)
7
A) 24x2 + 4x B) 24x2 - 4x C) 24x2 - 7 D) 48x - 7
Answer: B

81) 4mn(6m 2 - 6mn + 5n 2)

A) 24m 3 n + 24m 2 n 2 + 20mn 3 B) 24m 3n - 6mn + 5n 2
C) 24m 3 n - 24m 2 n 2 + 20mn 3 D) 24m 2n - 24mn+ 20mn 2
Answer: C

82) (5p2q - 5pq2 )(p2 q2 )

A) 5p2q - 5p3 q4 B) 5p4 q3 + 5p3q4 C) 5p4 q3 - 5p3 q4 D) 5p4 q2 - 5p2 q4
Answer: C

83) (x - 7)(x - 12)

A) x2 - 19x - 20 B) x2 - 20x + 84 C) x2 + 84x - 19 D) x2 - 19x + 84
Answer: D

84) (2y + 3)(5y + 6)

A) 10y2 + 18 B) 10y2 + 27y + 18 C) 7y2 + 9 D) 10y2 - 3y + 18
Answer: B

Find the product using the FOIL method.

85) (z - 5)(z - 2)
A) 2z2 - 10 B) z2 + 7z - 10 C) 2z + 10 D) z 2 - 7z + 10
Answer: D

86) (a - 6)(a + 4)
A) a 2 - 2a - 24 B) 2a 2 + 24 C) a 2 + 2a + 24 D) 2a - 24
Answer: A

87) (2x + 6)(x + 12)

A) x2 + 72x + 30 B) 2x2 + 29x + 72 C) x2 + 30x + 29 D) 2x2 + 30x + 72
Answer: D

88) (x2 + 8)(x2 + 6)

A) x4 + 48x2 + 48 B) x4 + 14x2 + 48 C) x4 - 14x2 - 48 D) x4 + 14x2 + 96
Answer: B

10
 89) (5 - m)(2 - m)
A) m 2 + 7m + 10 B) m 2 - 7m + 20 C) m 2 - 7m + 10 D) - m 2 - 7m + 10
Answer: C

90) (y - 9)(2 - y)
A) y2 + 7y - 18 B) y2 + 11y - 18 C) - y2 + 11y - 18 D) - y2 + 7y - 18
Answer: C

91) (2n + 3p)(5n + p)

A) 10n 2 + 30np + 3p2 B) 10n 2 + 17np + 3p2 C) 20n 2 + 17np + 3p2 D) 10n + 17np + 3p
Answer: B

92) (2x + 6y)(5x + 9y)

A) 10x2 + 48xy + 48y2 B) 10x2 + 30xy + 54y2 C) 10x2 + 18xy + 54y2 D) 10x2 + 48xy + 54y2
Answer: D

Find the product.

93) 7x(x + 8)(x - 2)
A) 7x3 + 42x2 - 112x B) 7x2 + 42x - 112 C) 7x3 + 70x2 - 112x D) 7x3 + 112x2 - 112x
Answer: A

Find an algebraic expression that represents the area of the shaded region.
94)

6x - 10

3x + 10
2
A) 18x + 30x - 100 B) 18x2 + 30x + 100 C) 18x2 - 30x - 100 D) 18x2 + 90x - 100
Answer: A

Find an algebraic expression for the area of the rectangle by finding the sum of the four interior rectangles.
95)
3z 6

A) 3z2 + 27z + 42 B) 3z 2 + 6z + 42 C) 3z 2 +27z D) 3z 2 + 21z +42

Answer: A

11
Solve the problem.
96) The square photo is x inches by x inches and is bordered by a matting that is 1 inch wide. Write the polynomial
that calculates the area of the entire framed picture.

A) (2x + 1) in. 2 B) (x2 + 2x + 1) in. 2 C) (x2 + 1) in. 2 D) (x2 + 2x) in. 2

Answer: B

Find the product of the sum and difference of two terms.

97) (x + 1)(x - 1)
A) x2 + 2x - 1 B) x2 - 2 C) x2 - 1 D) x2 - 2x - 1
Answer: C

98) (8p + 5)(8p - 5)

A) 64p2 + 80p - 25 B) 64p2 - 25 C) p2 - 25 D) 64p2 - 80p - 25
Answer: B

99) (9x + 7y)(9x - 7y)

A) 81x2 + 126xy - 49y2 B) 81x2 - 126xy - 49y2
C) 81x2 - 49y2 D) 81x2 + 49y2
Answer: C

100) (5b2 + 4)(5b2 - 4)

A) 25b4 + 16 B) 10b4 - 16 C) 25b4 - 16 D) 10b4 + 16
Answer: C

2 2
101) x + x-
3 3
4
A) x2 - 16x - 6 B) x2 - 16 C) x2 + 16x - 6 D) x2 -
9
Answer: D

1 3 1 3
102) x+ x-
2 5 2 5
1 2 3 1 2 9 1 2 9 1 2 9
A) x - B) x - x C) x + D) x -
2 5 2 25 4 25 4 25
Answer: D

12
Find the product.
103) (n + 16)2
A) n 2 + 32n + 256 B) 256n 2 + 32n + 256 C) n + 256 D) n 2 + 256
Answer: A

104) (w - 2)2
A) w + 4 B) 4w2 - 4w + 4 C) w2 - 4w + 4 D) w2 + 4
Answer: C

105) (3x + 5y) 2

A) 9x2 + 25y2 B) 9x2 + 30xy + 25y2 C) 3x2 + 30xy + 25y2 D) 3x2 + 25y2
Answer: B

106) (9x - 4y) 2

A) 9x2 - 72xy + 16y2 B) 81x2 - 72xy + 16y2 C) 81x2 + 16y2 D) 9x2 + 16y2
Answer: B

5 2
107) x -
7
10 25 5 10 5 25 25
A) x2 - x+ B) x2 - x- C) x2 - x+ D) x2 +
7 49 7 7 7 49 49
Answer: A

2
108) (4x2 + 3y)
A) 16x2 + 24x2 y + 9y2 B) 16x4 + 25x2y + 9y2 C) 16x4 + 24x2 y + 9y2 D) 16x4 + 12x2 y + 9y2
Answer: C

109) (a + 6b) 2
A) a 2 + 36b2 B) 2a + 12b C) a 2 + 12ab + 36b2 D) a 2 + 36ab + 36b2
Answer: C

110) (4m - 7n)2

A) 16m 2 + 49n 2 B) 16m 2 - 56mn + 49n 2
C) 8m 2 - 56mn + 14n 2 D) 16m 2 + 56mn + 14n 2
Answer: B

2
111) (3x - 6y2 )
A) 6x2 + 12y4 B) 9x2 + 36xy2 + 36y4 C) 9x2 - 36xy2 + 36y4 D) 9x2 + 36y4
Answer: C

112) (y + 0.8)2
A) y2 + 0.64y + 0.64 B) y2 + 1.6y + 0.64 C) y2 + 0.64 D) 2y + 1.6
Answer: B

13
Perform the indicated operations. Express your answer in standard form.
113) Square 6y - 2.
A) 12y2 + 4 B) 36y2 + 24y + 4 C) 36y2 + 4 D) 36y2 - 24y + 4
Answer: D

114) Square 6x - 8y.

A) 36x2 + 96xy + 16y2 B) 36x2 + 64y2 C) 36x2 - 96xy + 64y2 D) 12x2 - 96xy + 16y2
Answer: C

Find an algebraic expression that represents the area of the shaded region.
115)

9x - 6

9x - 6
A) 81x2 + 108x - 36 B) 81x2 + 108x + 36 C) 81x2 - 108x - 36 D) 81x2 - 108x + 36
Answer: D

Find the product.

116) (y - 5)(y2 + 5y + 10)
A) y3 - 10y2 - 15y - 50 B) y3 + 35y + 50
C) y3 + 10y2 + 15y + 50 D) y3 - 15y - 50
Answer: D

117) (9x - 1)(x2 - 7x + 1)

A) 9x3 - 63x2 + 9x + 1 B) 9x3 - 64x2 + 16x - 1
C) 9x3 - 62x2 + 2x - 1 D) 9x3 + 64x2 - 16x + 1
Answer: B

118) (6y + 11)(8y2 - 2y - 9)

A) 48y3 + 76y2 - 76y - 99 B) 48y3 + 100y2 + 76y + 99
C) 48y3 - 12y2 - 54y + 11 D) 136y2 - 34y - 153
Answer: A

119) (5x2 - 2x + 4)(x2 - 4x + 1)

A) 5x4 - 20x3 + 13x2 - 18x + 4 B) 5x4 - 22x3 + 13x2 - 18x + 4
C) 5x4 - 22x3 + 17x2 - 18x + 4 D) 5x4 - 20x3 + 17x2 - 18x + 4
Answer: C

120) (5x2 - 2x + 4)(x - 4)

A) 5x3 - 22x2 + 12x + 16 B) 5x3 - 40x2 + 32x - 16
C) 5x3 - 22x2 + 12x - 16 D) 5x3 + 22x2 + 12x - 16
Answer: C

14
 121) (6y2 - y + 3)(-3y3 - 6y + 3)
A) -18y5 + 3y4 - 45y3 + 24y2 - 21y + 9 B) 18y6 + 3y4 + 45y3 + 24y2 - 21y + 9
C) -18y5 - 3y4 - 45y3 + 24y2 - 21y - 9 D) -18y5 + 6y2 + 9
Answer: A

Perform the indicated operations. Express your answer in standard form.

122) Cube x + 3.
A) x3 + 9x2 + 9x + 27 B) x3 + 9x2 + 27x + 27 C) x3 + 27 D) 3x + 9
Answer: B

123) Cube 4x + 3.
A) 64x3 + 144x2 + 144x + 27 B) 64x3 + 144x2 + 108x + 27
C) 16x6 + 12x3 + 729 D) 16x2 + 24x + 9
Answer: B

Use the Quotient Rule to simplify. All variables are nonzero.

f8
124)
f
A) f7 B) 8 C) f9 D) f8 - f
Answer: A

x10
125)
x4
1
A) x-2 B) x14 C) D) x6
x6
Answer: D

21x3
126)
3x
A) 7x2 B) 7x4 C) 21 D) 7x3
Answer: A

8y3
127)
10y
4 3 4 4 4 2 64
A) y B) y C) y D) y
5 5 5 5
Answer: C

-3x11
128)
15x7
-x4 x4 -x3 x3
A) B) C) D)
5 5 5 5
Answer: A

15
 42m 11n 13
129)
6m 10n 9
A) 7mn 4 B) 7n 4 C) 42mn 4 D) 7m 21n 22
Answer: A

20x8 y9
130)
5x2y5
A) 4x6 y4 B) 4x5 y6 C) x6 y4 D) 4x5y3
Answer: A

-16x7 y6
131)
-4x2 y
A) 84xy B) -4x5 y5 C) 4x5 y5 D) 4x9y7
Answer: C

Use the Quotient to a Power Rule to simplify. All variables are nonzero.
3 3
132)
7
343 7 27 27
A) B) C) D)
27 27 343 7
Answer: C

2 4
133)
y2
16 2 16 17
A) B) C) D)
y8 y8 y2 y6
Answer: A

2
m4
134)
7
m6 m8 m8
A) B) C) m 8 49 D)
49 7 49
Answer: D

5
x5
135) -
y2
x25 x25 x10 x25
A) B) - C) D) -
y10 y10 y7 y2
Answer: B

16
 3
14t3
136)
7s4
8t9 6t6 2t9 8t9
A) B) C) D)
s4 s7 s12 s12
Answer: D

Use the Zero Exponent Rule to simplify. All variables are nonzero.
137) 2 0
A) 1 B) 2 C) 0 D) -1
Answer: A

138) -90
A) 0 B) 1 C) -1 D) -9
Answer: C

139) (-7)0
A) -7 B) 1 C) -1 D) 0
Answer: B

1 0
140)
3
1
A) 0 B) 2 C) D) 1
3
Answer: D

1 0
141) -
2
1
A) 0 B) 1 C) D) -1
2
Answer: D

142) 6 0 ∙ 50 ∙ 5
A) 5 B) 1 C) 0 D) 150
Answer: A

143) (5ab)0
A) 5 B) 0 C) 1 D) 5a
Answer: C

144) (-5xy)0
A) -1 B) 0 C) 5 D) 1
Answer: D

145) 7ab0
A) 7 B) 1 C) 7ab D) 7a
Answer: D

17
 146) -7xy0
A) 1 B) -1 C) -7x D) -7
Answer: C

Use the Negative Exponent Rules to simplify. Write the answer with positive exponents. All variables are nonzero.
147) 9 -1
1 1
A) 9 B) - C) D) -9
9 9
Answer: C

148) 4 -3
1 1
A) -64 B) C) 64 D)
64 12
Answer: B

149) r-3
1 1
A) r1/3 B) -r3 C) - D)
r3 r3
Answer: D

150) 7x-7
1 7
A) -7x<b> B) -49x C) D)
823,543x7 x7
Answer: D

151) -6z -3
6 1 -216 1
A) - B) C) D) -
z3 216z 3 z3 216z 3
Answer: A

152) 5 -2 - 6 -3
216 191
A) B) 8 C) D) -7
25 5400
Answer: C

1 -1
153)
6
1 1
A) 6 B) -6 C) D) -
6 6
Answer: A

18
 1 -3
154)
2
1 1
A) B) 8 C) D) -8
8 6
Answer: B

3 -3
155)
4
27 27 64 64
A) - B) C) - D)
64 64 27 27
Answer: D

6 -3
156)
m4
216 m 12 m 12 1
A) - B) - C) D)
m 12 216 216 216m 4
Answer: C

6 -4
157) -
5y2
625 8 1296 1296 8 625 8
A) y B) C) y D) - y
1296 5y2 625 1296

Answer: A

1
158)
3 -4
1 4 1
A) B) 81 C) D)
81 3 -12
Answer: B

2
159)
p-3
p3 2
A) B) - C) 2p3 D) -6p
2 p3
Answer: C

Use the Laws of Exponents to simplify. Write the answer with positive exponents. All variables are nonzero.
y-9
160)
y4
1 1 1
A) B) C) y13 D)
y5 y36 y13
Answer: D

19
 p7
161)
p-8
1 1
A) p56 B) p15 C) D)
p56 p15
Answer: B

x6
162)
x8
1 1
A) x2 B) - C) D) -x2
x2 x2
Answer: C

14x9
163)
7x12
2 2
A) B) 2x3 C) 2x21 D)
x3 x21
Answer: A

4m 5
164)
8m 8
m3 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
2 2 2m 3 2m 13
Answer: C

165) (-4x6 y-7 )(2x-1y)

-8x7 -8x5 -2x5
A) B) C) -8x5y8 D)
y8 y6 y6
Answer: B

12x2 y2
166)
3x9y3
4 4y
A) 3y B) 4x7 y C) D)
x7y x11
Answer: C

-7ym 2n
167)
-2ym 5n
1 5y2n 2 7 5
A) B) C) D)
5m 3 m3 2m 3 m3
Answer: C

20
 -4
168) (x-1 y6 )
1 x-5 y2 x4
A) B) C) D)
x y24
4 y2 x-5 y24
Answer: D

169) 5 2 ∙ 5-3
1 1
A) 3125 B) -5 C) D) -
5 5
Answer: C

-6
170) (x6)
1
A) B) -6x36 C) - x36 D) -6x6
x36
Answer: A

3
171) (x-9 )
1
A) -3x27 B) -3x9 C) - x27 D)
x27
Answer: D

-2
(4xy-2 )
172)
2xy3
y 4 y 8y
A) B) - C) D) -
32 x y-7
3 32x3 x3
Answer: C

173) 4 7 ∙ 4-3
1
A) B) 256 C) -84 D) -4 21
4 21
Answer: B

23
174)
2 -2
A) 64 B) 32 C) 5 D) -64
Answer: B

12x10y7
175)
-24y16
2x10 2x10 2x10y9 2x10
A) B) C) - D) -
4 4y9 4 4y9
Answer: D

21
 176) (7x-3 y4)(7-1 x6y-8 )
x3 1 x3 x9
A) B) C) - D)
y4 x y32
18 7y4 y12
Answer: A

2
177) (4s-2)
16 8 16 4
A) B) C) - D)
s4 s4 s4 s4
Answer: A

178) 5 ∙ m -7 ∙ m -4 ∙ m 0
5 5
A) - B) 5m 28 C) 0 D)
m 11 m 11
Answer: D

1 12
179) (-4p-4 q)(4p-6 q-5) p
32
p288 p2 p2 p2
A) B) - C) D) -
2q5 32q4 2q4 2q4
Answer: D

27y-4 y3
180)
6y3 y6
1 9 9 9
A) B) C) D) -
162y10 2y10 2y24 2y10
Answer: B

4 -2
181) (5m -5 n -3 ) (2m 3 n -8)
625n 4 625n 28 625n 4 20n 4
A) - B) C) D)
4m 26 4m 26 4m 26 4m 26
Answer: C

-3
2 16x-3y4
182) (4x2 y3 )
4x
1 24 1 14 2 24 1 14
A) x B) - x C) x D) x
4 4 3 4
Answer: D

Divide and simplify.

18r6 - 30r4
183)
6r
A) 3r6 - 5r4 B) 18r5 - 30r3 C) 3r7 - 5r5 D) 3r5 - 5r3
Answer: D

22
 32x2 + 24x - 13
184)
4x
13 13 13
A) 8x2 + 6x - B) 8x - 7 C) 8x + 6 - D) 32x + 24 -
4 4x 4x
Answer: C

6x - 2x3 + 5x2
185)
3x
2 2 5 2 2 5 2 3 5 2
A) 2 + x - x B) 2 - x + x C) 2 - x + x D) 2 - 2x2 + 5x
3 3 3 3 3 3
Answer: B

25m - 20n
186)
-5m
4n 4n
A) -4 + 4n B) -4 + 20n C) 3 + D) -4 +
m m
Answer: D

6x7 - 14x5
187)
2x3
A) 6x7 - 7x2 B) 3x4 - 14x5 C) 3x4 - 7x2 D) -4x9
Answer: C

30x6 - 15x2
188)
-5x6
3 3
A) -6 - 15x2 B) -6 + 3x4 C) -6 + D) 30x6 +
x4 x4
Answer: C

-25x5 - 20x4 - 25x3

189)
-5x4
5 5
A) 5x + 4 + B) 10x + 4 C) 5x + 4 D) 5x - 20x4 +
x x
Answer: A

-4x8 - 10x5
190)
-2x2
A) 2x6 + 5x3 B) -4x8 + 5x3 C) 7x11 D) 2x6 - 10x5
Answer: A

23
 -12x6 - 18x4 - 9x2
191)
-3x4
3 3 3 3
A) 4x2 + 6 + B) 4x2 + 6 + C) 4x + 6 + D) 4x + 6 +
x x2 x2 x

Answer: B

20x8 + 16x5 + 4x3

192)
4x3
A) 5x5 - 4x2 - 1 B) 5x8 + 4x5 + 1x3 C) 5x5 + 4x2 + 1 D) 20x5 + 16x2 + 4
Answer: C

-40x6 + 48x4 - 32x2

193)
-8x4
4 4 4 4
A) 5x2 - 6 + B) 5x - 6 + C) 5x2 - 6 + D) 5x - 6 +
x x2 x2 x

Answer: C

4x3 y3 + 20xy + x2 y2
194)
4xy
xy x2y2
A) x2y2 + 5 + B) xy + 5 + C) x2 y2 + 5 + 4xy D) x2 y2 + 5 + xy
4 4
Answer: A

12x5 y3 z + 8x2 yz4

195)
-2x9 y3 z
6 4z3 6 4z 3 6x4 4z 3 6 4z 3
A) + B) - - C) + D) - -
x4 x7 y2 x45 x11y2 z x7 y2 x4 x7y2
Answer: D

196) Find the quotient of 10y3 + 5y - 15y2 and - 5y2 .

1 1 1
A) -2y - + 3 B) -2y3 - y + 3 C) 2y + +3 D) -2y - +3
y y y2
Answer: A

Find the quotient using long division.

x2 + 10x + 21
197)
x+7
A) x - 14 B) x3 - 14 C) x2 + 3 D) x + 3
Answer: D

24
 x2 - 3x - 70
198)
x+7
A) x + 10 B) x - 13 C) x2 - 13 D) x - 10
Answer: D

5m 2 + 5m - 10
199)
m+2
6
A) 5m - 5 B) 5m + 5 C) 5m - 5 + D) m - 5
m-5
Answer: A

x3 + 5x2 - 10x - 5
200)
x-2
3 3 12 3
A) x2 - 7x + 4 - B) x2 + 7x + 4 + C) x2 - x - 8 + D) x2 - 7x - 4 +
x-2 x-2 x-2 x-2
Answer: B

9m 3 + 13m 2 - 6m + 8
201)
m+2
A) 9m 2 - 5m + 4 B) 9m 2 + 5m + 4 C) m 2 + 5m + 9 D) m 2 + 6m + 7
Answer: A

5r3 - 11r2 - 30r - 24

202)
r- 4
6
A) 5r2 + 9r + B) r2 + 6r + 9 C) 5r2 - 9r - 6 D) 5r2 + 9r + 6
r-4
Answer: D

8m 3 + 39m 2 - 48m + 36
203)
m+6
A) m 2 + 10m + 11 B) m 2 + 9m + 8 C) 8m 2 + 9m + 6 D) 8m 2 - 9m + 6
Answer: D

x4 + 9x3 + 15x2 - 5x + 12
204)
x+3
A) x3 + 9x2 + 15x - 9 B) x3 - 6x2 + 3x + 4 C) x3 + 6x2 - 3x + 4 D) x4 + 9x3 + 15x2 -5
Answer: C

20y2 - 106y + 126

205)
4y - 14
A) 4y + 14 B) 5y + 115 C) 5y - 9 D) 5y + 9
Answer: C

25
 4x3 + 12x2 + 13x + 26
206)
-2x - 3
20
A) -2x2 - 3x - 2 B) -2x2 - 3x - 2 +
-2x - 3
23 -3
C) -2x2 - 3x - 2 + D) x2 - 2 +
-2x - 3 -2x - 3
Answer: B

-20x3 + 4x2 + 21x + 8

207)
-5x - 4
4
A) 4x2 - 4x - 1 + B) 4x2 - 4x - 1
-5x - 4
-4 7
C) x2 - 1 + D) 4x2 - 4x - 1 +
-5x - 4 -5x - 4
Answer: A

x3 + 4x2 + 5x - 23
208)
x2 - 4
9x + 7 9x - 7 9x - 7 x3 5x 23
A) x + 4 + B) x + 4 + C) x2 + 4x + D) -1+ +
x2 - 4 x2 - 4 x2 - 4 4 4 4

Answer: B

-46 + x2 + 6x
209)
10 + x
-6 12 -6 6
A) x - 4 + B) x + 12 + C) x + 4 + D) x - 4 +
10 + x 10 + x 10 + x 10 + x
Answer: A

Solve the problem.

210) The area of the playing surface of the tennis court shown is (16x2 + 24x - 27) square feet. If its width is (4x - 3)
feet, find its length.

(4x - 3) feet

A) (16x2 + 104x + 27) feet B) (28x + 9) feet

C) (4x + 9) feet D) (4x - 9) feet
Answer: C

26
 211) If the volume of a box is (48x3 + 48x2 - 15x) cubic meters, its height is 3x meters, and its length is (4x + 5) meters,
find its width.

3x meters

(4x + 5) meters
Width
A) (4x - 1) meters B) (4x - 2) meters C) (4x + 2) meters D) (4x + 1) meters
Answer: A

Write the number in scientific notation.

212) 620,000
A) 6.2 × 10-6 B) 6.2 × 10-5 C) 6.2 × 106 D) 6.2 × 105
Answer: D

213) 110,000
A) 1.1 × 10-4 B) 1.1 × 105 C) 1.1 × 10-5 D) 1.1 × 104
Answer: B

214) 154,000
A) 1.15400 × 103 B) 1.54 × 10-1 C) 1.54 × 105 D) 4.620 × 105
Answer: C

215) 411,270
A) 4.1127 x 106 B) 4.1127 x 10-5 C) 4.1127 x 101 D) 4.1127 x 105
Answer: D

216) 0.00549
A) 5.49 × 104 B) 5.49 × 10-5 C) 5.49 × 10-4 D) 5.49 × 10-3
Answer: D

217) 0.000529
A) 5.29 × 104 B) 5.29 × 10-4 C) 5.29 × 10-3 D) 5.29 × 10-5
Answer: B

218) 0.0000667
A) 6.67 × 10-4 B) 6.67 × 104 C) 6.67 × 10-3 D) 6.67 × 10-5
Answer: D

219) 0.0000005
A) 5 × 10-7 B) 5 × 10-8 C) 5 × 10-6 D) 5 × 107
Answer: A

220) 0.0000004
A) 4 × 10-6 B) 4 × 10-7 C) 4 × 106 D) 4 × 107
Answer: B

27
A number is given in decimal notation. Write the number in scientific notation.
221) In a certain city, the subway system carried a total of 1,820,000,000 passengers.
A) 18.2 × 109 B) 1.82 × 1010 C) 1.82 × 108 D) 1.82 × 109
Answer: D

222) A business projects next year's profits to be $3,110,000.

A) 3.11 × 10-7 B) 3.11 × 107 C) 3.11 × 106 D) 3.11 × 105
Answer: C

223) A computer compiles a program in 0.0000929 seconds.

A) 9.29 × 104 B) 9.29 × 10-5 C) 9.29 × 10-7 D) 9.29 × 10-6
Answer: B

Write the number in decimal notation.

224) 4.5 × 106
A) 100,045 B) 0.00045 C) -99,955 D) 4,500,000
Answer: D

225) 3.53 × 105

A) 176.5 B) 3,530,000 C) 353,000 D) 35,300
Answer: C

226) 3 × 103
A) 0.003 B) 3000 C) 30,000 D) 0.0003
Answer: B

227) 1.967 × 10-3

A) 0.00001967 B) 196,700 C) 0.0001967 D) 0.001967
Answer: D

228) 4.435 × 10-4

A) 0.000004435 B) 443,500 C) 0.0004435 D) 0.00004435
Answer: C

229) 6.653 × 10-5

A) 665,300 B) 0.00006653 C) 0.0006653 D) 0.000006653
Answer: B

230) 4.26 × 10-6

A) 4,260,000 B) 0.000000426 C) 0.0000426 D) 0.00000426
Answer: D

A number is given in scientific notation. Write the number in decimal notation.

231) There are 2.802 × 102 miles of highways, roads, and streets in a certain city.
A) 28.02 B) 28,020 C) 280.2 D) 2802
Answer: C

28
 232) The diameter of a certain molecule is 3.443 × 10-7 meters.
A) 0.0003443 B) 0.000003443 C) 0.0000003443 D) 0.00000003443
Answer: C

Perform the indicated operation. Express the answer in scientific notation.

233) (5 × 10-8 )(4 × 103 )
A) 2 × 10-4 B) 200 × 10-5 C) 20 × 10-4 D) 2 × 10-24
Answer: A

234) (4 × 10-5 )(3.9 × 107 )

A) 1.56 × 103 B) 1.56 × 10-35 C) 15.6 × 103 D) 156 × 102
Answer: A

235) (4.5 × 10-2 )(6.1 × 10-3 )

A) 27.45 × 10-5 B) 0.0002745 C) 2.745 × 10-4 D) 27.45 × 106
Answer: C

11.76 × 102
236)
2.8 × 10-7
A) 4.2 × 10-5 B) 8.4 × 109 C) 4.2 × 109 D) 8.4 × 10-5
Answer: C

25 × 10-6
237)
5 × 10-8
A) 5 × 10-14 B) 10 × 10-14 C) 10 × 102 D) 5 × 102
Answer: D

Solve the problem.

238) A particle is observed moving at 3.88 × 10-6 meters per second. Find the distance the particle would travel in
6.79 × 10-7 seconds.
A) 0.26 × 10-12 meters B) 2.63 × 10-12 meters
C) 2.63 × 10-13 meters D) 2.63 × 10-11 meters
Answer: B

Provide an appropriate response.

239) Determine whether the algebraic expression 3x6 + 6x2 is a polynomial (Yes or No). If it is a polynomial, state the
degree and then state if it is a monomial, binomial, or trinomial.
A) yes; degree 2; binomial B) yes; degree 6; trinomial
C) yes; degree 6; binomial D) no
Answer: C

240) Evaluate the polynomial x2 + 5x - 1 for x = -4.

A) -3 B) -5 C) 37 D) 35
Answer: B

29
Perform the indicated operation.
241) (7x2 y2 + 8x + 10y) + (-x - y + x2 y2)
A) 8x2 y2 + 9x + 11y B) 8x2 y2 + 7x + 9y C) 6x2 y2 - 9x - 11y D) 7x2y2 + 8x + 10y
Answer: B

242) (3m 3 + 15m 2 - 11) - (2m + 6m 3 + 20)

A) -3m 3 + 15m 2 - 2m + 9 B) -3m 3 + 13m 2 - 31
C) -3m 3 + 15m 2 + 2m - 31 D) -3m 3 + 15m 2 - 2m - 31
Answer: D

243) 7x2 (8x7 - 4x4 - 11)

A) 56x9 - 28x6 B) 56x9 - 28x6 - 77x2 C) 56x9 - 4x4 - 11 D) 56x7 - 28x4 - 77
Answer: B

244) (x + 4)(5x + 5)
A) 5x2 + 20x + 25 B) 5x2 + 24x + 20 C) x2 + 25x + 25 D) 5x2 + 25x + 20
Answer: D

245) (8x - 3)2

A) 64x2 - 48x + 9 B) 64x2 + 9 C) 8x2 + 9 D) 8x2 - 48x + 9
Answer: A

246) (6x - 5y)(6x + 5y)

A) 36x2 + 25y2 B) 36x2 + 60xy - 25y2 C) 36x2 - 25y2 D) 36x2 - 60xy - 25y2
Answer: C

247) (7x - 1)(x2 - 2x + 1)

A) 7x3 - 15x2 + 9x - 1 B) 7x3 + 15x2 - 9x + 1 C) 7x3 - 14x2 + 7x + 1 D) 7x3 - 13x2 + 5x - 1
Answer: A

16x2 + 6x - 11
248)
2x
11 11 11
A) 8x2 + 3x - B) 16x + 6 - C) 8x + 3 - D) 8x - 8
2 2x 2x
Answer: C

5x2 + 27x - 40
249)
x+7
16 16 16
A) 5x - 8 + B) 5x - 8 C) 5x - 8 - D) 5x + 8 +
x+7 x+7 x+7
Answer: A

30
Simplify the expression. Write the answer with only positive exponents. All variables are nonzero.
250) (3x4 y)(-9x3 y6 )
A) -27x12y6 B) -27x7 y6 C) -27x7 y7 D) -12x7 y6
Answer: C

8m 9 n 8
251)
4m 8 n 10
2 2m
A) B) C) 2mn 2 D) 2m 17n 18
mn 2 n2
Answer: B

-2
2x3 y-3
252)
x-4y3
2x14 y12 y12 y12
A) B) C) D)
y12 2x14 4x14 2x7
Answer: C

-1 4
253) (20x2 y4 ) (4x2 y)
64 6 256 6 64 0 256 0
A) x B) x C) x D) x
5 5 5 5
Answer: A

-1 12x0y-6
254) (4x-3 y5) ∙
x-6y5
3x18 3x9 3x6
A) B) 0 C) D)
y60 y16 y10
Answer: C

Provide an appropriate response.

255) Write 0.000217 in scientific notation.
A) 2.17 x 10-5 B) 2.17 x 10-3 C) 2.17 x 10-4 D) 2.17 x 104
Answer: C

256) Write 3.78 × 105 in decimal notation.

A) 189 B) 3,780,000 C) 37,800 D) 378,000
Answer: D

Perform the indicated operation. Express the answer in scientific notation.

257) (5.2 × 10-10)(9 × 103 )
A) 4.68 × 10-8 B) 4.68 × 10-6 C) 46.8 × 10-7 D) 4.68 × 10-7
Answer: B

31
 6 × 10 -8
258)
12 × 103
A) 3.0 × 105 B) 5.0 × 10-12 C) -1.3 D) 1.7 × 104
Answer: B

32
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 and force, 413, 415-417;
contemporaries, table i
Leipzig, battle, issue, 35
Lenbach, Franz von, copyist, 295
Le Nôtre, André, gardening, 240n., 241
Leo III, pope, and iconoclasm, 262
Leochares, contemporary mathematic, 90
Leonardo da Vinci, astronomical theory, 69;
spirituality, 128;
Dutch influence, 236;
and background, 237;
and impressionism, 239, 287;
and sculpture, 244;
colour, 246;
and body, 271;
and portrait, 272;
as dissatisfied thinker, 274;
discovery as basis of art, 277-279;
and circulation of the blood, 278;
and aviation, 279;
Western soul and technical limitation, 279-281;
and dynamics, 414
Lessing, Gotthold E., world-conception, 20;
and cultural contrasts, 128;
and Aristotle’s philanthropy, 351;
and cult and dogma, 411
Lessing, Karl F., colour, 252
Leucippus, atoms, 135, 385, 386
Li, contemporaries, table iii
Licinian Laws, myth, 11
Life, and soul and world, 54;
duration, specific time-value, 108;
 duration applied to Culture, 109;
Classical Culture and duration, 132;
and willing, 315.
See also Death
Light and shadow, cultural art attitude, 242n., 283, 325n.
Light theories, electro-magnetic, 156n.;
Newton’s, and Goethe’s theory of colour, 157n., 158n.;
cultural basis, 381;
contradictory, 418
Limit, as a relation, 86
Linden, as symbol, 396
Lingam. See Phallus
Lingayats, sect, 136n.
Ling-yan-si, Saints, 260
Linois, Comte de, and India, 150n.
Lippi, Filippino, Dutch influence, 236
Liszt, Franz, Catholicism, 268n.;
contemporaries, table ii
Literature. See Art; Drama; History; Poetry; writers by name,
especially Dante; Goethe; Ibsen
Livy, on strange gods, 405
Lochner, Stephen, God-feeling, 395
Locke, John, and imperialism, 150;
contemporaries, table i
Loggia dei Lanzi, artistic sentiment, 272
Logarithms, liberation, 88
Logic, organic and inorganic, 3, 117;
of time and space, 7;
and mathematics, convergence, 57, 427;
and morale, 354.
 See also Causality
Logicians, contemporaries, table i
Lokoyata, contemporaries, table i
London, culture city, 33
Loredano, doge, portrait, 272
Lorentz, Hendrik A., and Relativity, 419
Lorenzo de’ Medici, and music, 230
Lotze, Rudolf H., ethics, 367
Louis XIV, uncleanliness, 260;
contemporaries, table iii
Louisiana, Napoleon’s project, 150
Loyola, Ignatius, and style of the Church, 148;
architectural parallel, 314;
and Western morale, 348;
God-feeling, 394, 395;
and method, 412
Lucca, and Arabian Culture, 216
Lucian, and Philopatris dialogue, 404n.
Lucullus, L., army, 36
Ludovisi Villa, garden, 240
Lully, Raymond, music, 283
Luther, Martin, and “know”, 123;
and destiny, 141;
as epoch, 149;
and works, 316n.;
and Western morale, 348, 349, 355;
God-feeling, 394, 395;
contemporaries, table i
Luxor, contemporaries, table ii
Lycurgus, myth, 11
Lysander, deification, 405
Lysias, portrait, 270
Lysicrates, Monument of, acanthus motive, 215
Lysippus, contemporary mathematic, 90;
sculpture, 226, 260n.;
period, 284;
canon, 287;
straining, 291;
irreligion, 358;
contemporaries, table ii
Lysistratus, and portraiture, 269

Machault, Guillaume de, and counterpoint, 229n.

Machiavellism, and mimicry, 371
Macpherson, James, autumnal accent, 241
Macrocosm, idea, 163-165;
cultural and intercultural, 165;
expression, 180;
and style-problem, 214-216.
See also History; Morphology; Nature; Symbolism; World-
conceptions
Maderna, Stefano, sculpture, 244;
God-feeling, 395
Madonna, in Western art, 136, 267, 280.
See also Marycult; Motherhood
Madrid, culture city, 32, 109
Madrigals, character, 229
Mæcenas, park, 34
Magdeburg Cathedral, Viking Gothic, 213
Magian soul, explained, 183. See also Arabian Culture
Magnetism, Cabeo’s theory, 414
Magnitude, emancipation of Western mathematic, 74-78;
and relations, 84, 86
Mahavansa, as historical work, 12
Mainz Cathedral, and styles, 205
Makart, Hans, copyist, 295
Malatestas, Hellenic sorriness, 273
Malthus, Thomas R., and Darwinism, 350, 369, 371
Manchester system, and Western Civilization, 151, 371;
and Darwinism, 369
Mandæans, as Arabian, 72;
music, 228;
contemporaries, table i
Manet, Édouard, unpopularity, 35;
and body, 271;
landscapes, 288;
plein-air painting, 288-290;
weak style, 291;
striving, 292;
and Wagner, 292;
irreligion, 358
Mani, and mystic benefits, 344n.;
and Jesus, 347;
contemporaries, table i
Manichæanism, as Arabian, 72;
architectural expression, 209, 211;
music, 228;
dualism, 306;
and home, 335
Mankind, as abstraction, 21, 46
Mantegna, Andrea, technique, 221, 239;
 and colour, 242;
and portrait, 271;
and statics, 414
Marble, and later Western sculpture, 232, 276n.;
Greek use, 248n., 253;
Michelangelo’s attitude, 276.
See also Stone
Marcellus II, pope, and Church music, 268n.
Marcion, and Jesus, 347;
contemporaries, table i
Marcus Aurelius, and monotheistic tendency, 407
Marées, Hans, significance of colour, 252;
portraiture, 266, 271, 271n., 309;
and grand style, 289, 290;
striving, 292
Marenzio, Luca, music, 251
Marius, C., and economic motive, 36;
contemporaries, table iii
Mars Ultor, temple, ornament, 215
Marseillaise, morale, 355
Marsyas, Myron’s, lack of depth, 226
Marwitz, Friedrich A. L. von der, and Hardenberg, 150n.
Marx, Karl, and practical philosophy, 45;
and earlier and final Socialism, 138;
and superficially incidental, 144;
character of Nihilism, 352, 357;
and Hegelianism, 367;
socio-economic ethics, 372, 373;
contemporaries, table i
Mary-cult, as symbol, 136;
Madonna in Western art, 267, 280
Masaccio, and artistic change, 237, 279, 287
Mashetta, castle, façade, 215
Mask, and Classical drama, 316, 317n., 318, 323
ass, Western functional concept, 415;
effect of quantum theory, 419
Materialism, and Goethe’s living nature, 111n.;
Buddhism as, 356;
in Western ethics, 368;
and Socialism, 370
Mathematics, spatial concept, 6n., 7;
plurality, cultural basis, 15, 59-63, 67, 70, 101, 314;
position, 56;
and extension, 56;
and nature, 57;
wider-culture vision and analogy, 57, 58;
beginning of number-sense, 59;
as art, 61, 62, 70;
vision, 61;
of Classical Culture, positive, measurable numbers, 63-65, 69, 77;
and time and becoming, 64, 125, 126;
symbolism in Classical, 65-67, 70;
religious analogy, 66, 70, 394;
and empirical observation, 67;
character of Arabian, 71-73;
primitive levels, 73;
Western, and infinite functions, 74-76;
Western need of new notation, 76;
as expression of world-fear, 79-81;
and Western meaning of space, 81-84, 88;
and proportion and function, 84;
construction versus function, 85;
virtuosity, 85;
and physiognomic morphology, 85;
Western, and limit as a relation, 86;
Western abstraction, 86, 87;
 Western conflict with perception limitations, 87, 170, 171;
culmination of Western, groups, 89, 90, 426;
paradigm of Classical and Western, 90;
and the how, what, and when, 126;
cultural relation to art, 129, 130;
Classical sculpture and Western music as, 284;
impressionism, 286;
vector and Baroque art, 311;
esoteric Western, 328;
and philosophy, 366;
replacement by economics, 367;
theory of aggregates, and logic, 426;
cultural contemporary epochs, table i.
See also Nature; Number; branches by name
Matter. See Body; Natural science
Matthew Passion. See Schütz, Heinrich
Maxwell-Hertz equations, 418
Maya Culture. See Mexican
Mayer, Julius Robert, and theory, 378;
and conservation of energy, 393, 412, 417
Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, morale, 349
Mazdaism, as Arabian, 209;
architectural expression, 211;
and pneuma, 216;
music, 228;
contemporaries, table i
Mazdak, contemporaries, table i
Meander, motive, 316, 345
Mechanics, and fourth dimension, 124.
See also Motion; Natural science
Mediæval History, as term, 16, 22
Medicis, Hellenic sorriness, 273
Megalopolitanism, and Civilization of a Culture, 32-35, 38;
and systematism, 102.
See also Civilization
Melody, Classical and Western, 227
Memlinc, Hans, in Italy, 236;
and Renaissance, 274
Memory, conception, 103;
as organ of history, 132;
as term, 132
Mencius, practical philosophy, 45
Mendicant Orders, as exception, 348
Menes, contemporaries, table iii
Menzel, Adolf F. E., and body, 271;
impressionism, 286;
and grand style, 290, 291
Merovingian-Carolingian Era, contemporary art epochs, table ii
Mesopotamia, synagogues, 210
Messenians, provided history, 11
Metaphysics, and scientific research, 154;
and symbolism, 163;
Western and pairs of concepts, 311;
basis of Classical, 311;
period in philosophy, 365-367.
See also Ethics; Philosophy.
Mexican (Maya) Culture, and historical scheme, 16, 18;
and time measurement, 134n.;
ornament, 196;
and tutelage, 213
Meyer, Eduard, on Spengler, x;
on Classical Culture and geography, 10n.
Meyerbeer, Giacomo, Rossini on Huguenots, 293
Michelangelo, liberation of architecture, beginning of Baroque, 87,
206, 225n., 313;
materiality, obsession by the architectural, 128;
St. Peter’s, 206, 238;
and passing of sculpture, 223, 244;
anticipations, 263;
and physiognomy of muscles, 264;
nude, and portrait, 272;
sonnets, 273;
as dissatisfied thinker, 274;
unsuccessful quest of the Classical, 275-277, 281;
and marble, 276;
architecture as final expression, 277;
and popularity, 327;
God-feeling, 395;
contemporaries, table ii
Michelozzo, Bartolommeo di, and Classical, 415
Michelson, Albert A., experiments, 419
Middle Kingdom, contemporaries, tables i-iii
Milesians, physical theory, 386
Miletus, form-type of Didymæum, 204;
and Egypt, 225
Milinda, King, and Nagasena, 356
Military art, Western, 333n.
Mill, John Stuart, and economic ascendency, 367, 373
Millennianism, as Western phenomenon, 363, 423
Mineralogy, and geology, 96
Minerva Medica, Syrian workmen, 211
Ming-Chu, contemporaries, table iii
Ming-ti, contemporaries, table iii
Minkowski, Hermann, imaginary time, 124n.;
 and Relativity, 419
Minnesänger, rules, 193;
imitative music, 229
Mino da Fiesole, and portrait, 272
Minoan art, character, 198;
contemporaries, 241
Minstrels, imitative music, 229
Mirabeau, Comte de, and imperialism, 149;
contemporaries, table iii
Miracles, cultural attitude toward, 392, 393
Missionarism, Stoic, 344n.;
and diatribe, 360
Mithraists, and pneuma, 216;
form-language of mithræa, 224;
music, 228;
cult in Rome, 406, 406n.
Mitylene, episode and Classical time-sense, 133n.
Moab, Castle of Mashetta, 215
Modern History, as irrational term, 16-18
Mörike, Eduard, poetry, 289
Mohammed. See Islam
Moissac, church ornamentation, 199
Molière, tragic method, 318
Mommsen, Theodor, on Classical historians, 11;
narrow Classicalism, 28
Monasticism, and Western morale, 316n.;
order-movement, 343;
mendicant orders, 348
Money, Roman conception, 33;
 as hall-mark of Civilization, 34-36
Monophysites, Islam as heir, 211;
as alchemistic problem, 383;
contemporaries, table i
Monteverde, Claudio, music, 226, 230, 249, 283
Morale, plurality, cultural basis, no conversions, 315, 345-347;
Western, and activity, 315;
and analysis, 341;
Western moral imperative, 341, 342;
intellectual and unconscious concepts, 341n.;
Western purposeful motion, ethic of deed, 342-344, 347;
Western Christian, 344, 348;
and art, 344;
morphology, 346;
compassion, cultural types of manly virtue, 347-351;
real and presumed, phrases and meanings, 348;
Classical, and happiness, 351;
instinctive and problematic, tragic and plebeian, 354, 355;
end phenomena, cultural basis, 356-359;
Civilization and diatribe, 359, 360;
and diet, 361;
qualities and aim of Socialism, 361-364;
and cultural atomic theories, 386.
See also Ethics; Spirit
Moravians, as exception, 348
Morphology, Spengler and historical, xi;
concept of historical, 5-8, 26, 39;
historical, and symbolism, 46;
historical, ignored, 47;
symmetry, 47;
historical and natural, 48;
historical, Western study of comparative, 50, 159;
comparative, knowledge forms, 60;
of mathematical operations, 85;
systematic and physiognomic, 100, 101, 121;
 of world-history explained, 101;
of Cultures, 104;
historical homology, 111, 112;
element of causal and destiny, 121;
of morales, 346;
of history of philosophy, 364-374;
of exact sciences, 425
Mortality. See Death
Mosaic, as cultural expression, 214;
and Arabian gold background, 247;
eyes, 329;
contemporaries, table ii
Mosque, architectural characteristics, 200, 210;
contemporaries, table ii
Motherhood, cultural attitude, meaning, 136, 137;
and destiny, portraiture, 267
Mo-ti, practical philosophy, 45
Motion, and fourth dimension, 124;
Eleatic difficulty, 305n.;
and natural science, 377, 387-391.
See also Natural science
Motion pictures, and Western character, 322
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, contemporary mathematic, 78, 90;
period, 108, 284;
orchestration, 231;
colour expression, 252n.;
ease, 292;
contemporaries, table ii
Mummies, as symbol, 12, 13, 135
Murillo, Bartolomé, period, 283
Murtada, and will, 311
Museums, as historical symbols, 135;
 change in meaning of word, 136
Music, thoroughbass and geometry, 61;
mathematical relation, 62, 63;
of Baroque period, 78;
and proportion and function, 84;
bodilessness of Western, development, 97, 177, 230, 231, 283;
history of instruments, 195;
Western church, as architectural ornament, 196, 199;
as art of form, 219, 221n.;
and allegory, 219n.;
as channel for imagination, 220;
Classical, 223, 227, 252n.;
form-ideal of Western, 225;
technical contrast of Classical and Western, 227n.;
word and organism, cultural basis, 227, 228;
Arabian, 228;
Chinese, 228;
imitation and ornament, 228;
ornamental and imitative Western, 229;
secularization, thoroughbass, 230;
of Renaissance, 234;
Flemish influence in Italy, 236;
and horizon in painting, 239;
pastoral, and gardening, 240;
esoteric Western, 243;
as Western prime phenomenon, 244, 281-284;
and Western painting, 250, 251;
instruments and colour expression, 252;
instrumental as historical expression, 255;
and uncleanliness, 260n.;
and portrait, 262, 266;
Catholic, 268n.;
Michelangelo’s tendency, 277;
Western, and Classical free sculpture, 283, 284;
climacteric instruments, 284;
and Rococo architecture, 285;
impressionism, 285, 286;
 and later German school of painting, 289;
Wagner and death of Western, 291, 293;
his impressionism, 292;
and Western soul, 305;
and Western concept of God, 312;
and character, 314;
place of organ, 396;
Western contemporary natural science, 417;
contemporary cultural epochs, table ii.
See also Art
Muspilli, and Northern myths, 400, 423
Mutazilites, contemporaries, table i
Mycenæ, funeral customs, 135;
contemporaries, tables, ii, iii
Mycerinus, dynasty, 58n.
Myron, sculpture as planar art, 225, 226, 283;
Discobolus, 263, 264
Mysteries, Classical, 320. See also Religion
Mysticism, art association, 229;
and dualism, 307;
cultural culmination, 365n.;
and concept of force, 391;
contemporaries, table i
Myth, natural science as, 378, 387
Mythology, significance in Classical Culture, 10, 11, 13;
origin, 57.
See also Religion

Nagasena, materialism, 356

Names, as overcoming fear, 123;
concretion of numina, 397
Napoleon I, analogies, 4, 5;
 romantic, 38;
imperialism, 42, 149-151;
as destiny and epoch, 142, 144, 149;
egoism, 336;
morale, 349;
and toil for future, 363;
contemporaries, table iii
Napoleonic Wars, and cultural rhythm, 110n.
Nardini, Pietro, orchestration, 231
Natural science, mechanics and motion, cultural basis of postulate,
377, 378;
fact and theory, cultural images, 378-380;
Western, and depth-experience, tension, 380, 386, 387;
and religion, cultural basis, 380-382, 391, 411, 412, 416;
scientific period of a Culture, 381;
cultural relativity, 382;
cultural nature ideas and elements, 382-384;
statics, chemistry, dynamics, cultural systems, 384;
cultural atomic theories, 384-387;
thinking-motion problem, system and life, 387-389;
mechanical and organic necessity, 391;
cultural attitude on mechanical necessity, 392-394;
things and relations, 393;
conservation of energy and Western concept of experience, 393;
theory and religion, Western God-feeling, 395;
naming of notions, 397;
and atheism, 409;
Western dogma of undefinable force, provenance, stages, 412-
417;
as to Western statics, 414, 415;
mass concept of Civilization, work-idea, 416, 417;
disintegration of exact, contradictions, 417-420;
physiognomic effect of irreversibility theory, 420-424;
effect of radioactivity, 423;
decay, 424;
morphology, convergence of separate sciences, 425-427;
 anthropomorphic return, 427.
See also Nature
Natural selection, and Western ethics, Superman, 371. See also
Darwinism
Naturalism, antiquity, 33, 207, 288;
in art, 192
Nature, contrast of historical morphology, 5, 7, 8;
definite sense, and history, 55, 57, 94-98, 102, 103;
and learning, 56;
mathematics as expression, 57;
as late world-form, 98;
mechanistic world-conception, 99, 100;
systematic morphology, 100;
and causality and destiny, 119, 121, 142;
cultural viewpoints, 131, 263;
timelessness, 142, 158;
historical overlapping, living harmonies, 153, 154, 158;
and intellect, 157;
personal connotations, 169;
soul as counter-world, 301;
and reason, 308.
See also Causality; History; Mathematics; Natural science; Space;
Spirit
Naucratis, and Miletus, 225n.
Naumann, Johann C., architecture, 285
Nazzâm, on body, 248;
contemporaries, table i
Necessity, mechanical and organic, 391
Nemesis, character of Classical, 129, 320. See also Destiny
Neo-Platonists, as Arabian, 72;
and pneuma, 216;
and body, 248;
dualism, 306;
 unimposed mystic benefits, 344n.
Neo-Pythagoreans, and body, 248;
and mechanical necessity, 393
Nerva, forum, 198, 215
Nestorianism, and art, 209, 211;
music, 228;
and home, 334;
as alchemistic problem, 383;
contemporaries, table i
Neumann, Karl J., on Roman myths, 11
New York City, and megalopolitanism, 33
Newton, Sir Isaac, and “fluxions”, 15n.;
artist-nature, 61;
mathematic and religion, 70, 396, 412;
mathematical discoveries, 75, 78, 90;
and time and space, 124, 126;
light theory, and Goethe’s theory, 157n., 158n., 422;
dynamic world-picture, 311;
deeds of science, 355;
and motion-problem, 390, 391;
and metaphysics, 366;
and force and mass, 415, 417;
contemporaries, table i
Nibelungenlied, and Homer, 27;
esoteric, 328;
and Western Christianity, 400-402
Nicæa, Council of, and Godhead, 249
Nicephorus Phocas, and Philopatris dialogue, 404n.
Nicholas of Cusa, astronomical theory, 69;
religion and mathematic, 70;
musical association, 236;
contemporaries, table i
Nicholas of Oresme, and beginning of Western mathematic, 73, 74,
279;
art association, 229;
Occamist, 381
Niese, Benedictus, on Roman myths, 11
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, influence on Spengler, xiv, 49n.;
provincialism, 24;
Classical ideology, 28, 28n.;
on city life, 30;
unpopularity, 35;
practical philosophy, 45;
and historical unity, 48;
and detachment, 93;
and Wagner, 111, 291, 370;
on history and definition, 158;
on art witnesses, 191;
autumnal accent, 241;
on Greeks and colour, 245;
on “brown” music, 252;
on Greeks and body, 260;
will and reason, 308;
and morale, 315, 342, 346;
and home, 335;
actuality of “Mann”, 347, 350;
and Civilization, 352;
character of Nihilism, 357;
and diet, 361;
nebulous aim, 363, 364;
and mystic philosophy, 365n.;
and mathematics, 366;
ethics and metaphysics, 367;
materialism, 368;
and evolution and Socialism, 370-372;
position in Western ethics, 373, 374;
on pathos of distance, 386;
dynamic atheism, 409;
 contemporaries, table i
Niflheim, lack of materiality, 403
Nihilism, and finale of a Culture, 352;
cultural manifestations, 357
Nirvana, ahistoric expression, 11, 133;
and zero, 178;
conception, 347, 357, 361.
See also Buddhism
Nisibis, and Arabian art, 209
Northmen, discoveries, 330
Norwich Cathedral, simplicity, 196
Notre-Dame, Madonna of the St. Anne, 263
Nude, in Classical art, necessity, 130, 260-262, 317;
cultural basis of feeling, 216, 270, 272;
as element of Classical Culture only, 225
Nürnberg, loss of prestige, 33;
church statuary, 103;
church and styles, 205;
as religious, 358
Numa, cult, 185;
contemporaries, table i
Number, chronological and mathematical, 6, 7, 70, 97;
defined, 67;
numbers and mortality, 70;
Arabian indeterminate, 72;
Western Culture and functional, 74, 75, 90;
Western attitude and notation, 76, 332n.;
symbolism, 82, 165;
astronomical, 83, 332n.;
cultural attitudes, 88;
and the become, 95;
and numbering, 125;