No-Tillage Planter/ Seeder CAD –II Project

Presented By

Muhammad Hanzallah (Roll No. 28)

Manahil Munir (Roll No.19)
Samavia Bibi (Roll No.42)

BSME (21-25)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences,
Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
24/5/2024
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Table of Contents

No Tillage Planter/ Seeder CAD-II Project.....................................................................................5

Abstract........................................................................................................................................5

Objectives....................................................................................................................................5

Mass Properties............................................................................................................................5

Part Modelling.............................................................................................................................6

Hitch........................................................................................................................................6

Shaft.........................................................................................................................................6

Metering Disc..........................................................................................................................7

Hopper.....................................................................................................................................8

Presser Wheel..........................................................................................................................8

Coulter.....................................................................................................................................9

Opener Disk...........................................................................................................................10

Tire.........................................................................................................................................11

Chassis/ Structure..................................................................................................................11

Assemblies and Their Features..................................................................................................12

Universal Joint.......................................................................................................................12

Tire & Rim.............................................................................................................................13

Opener Discs..........................................................................................................................14

Coulter Discs.........................................................................................................................15

Gearbox..................................................................................................................................16

Use of SolidWorks Toolbox......................................................................................................17

Spur Gear...............................................................................................................................17
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Bevel Gear.............................................................................................................................18

Assembly...................................................................................................................................18

Motion Study.............................................................................................................................20

Drawings....................................................................................................................................22

Conclusion.................................................................................................................................29

References..................................................................................................................................30
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Table of Figures
Figure 2: Mass Properties of the Project..........................................................................................6

Figure 3: 3-CAT Hitch.....................................................................................................................7

Figure 4: PTO Shaft.........................................................................................................................8

Figure 5: Metering Disc...................................................................................................................8

Figure 6: Hopper..............................................................................................................................9

Figure 8: Pressure Wheel...............................................................................................................10

Figure 9: Coulter............................................................................................................................11

Figure 10: Opener Disk.................................................................................................................12

Figure 11: Tire...............................................................................................................................12

Figure 12: Chassis..........................................................................................................................13

Figure 13: Universal Joint Assembly............................................................................................14

Figure 14: PTO Shaft and Universal Joint Assembly....................................................................14

Figure 15: Tire & Rim Assembly..................................................................................................15

Figure 16: Opener-Discs Assembly...............................................................................................16

Figure 17: Coulter Assembly.........................................................................................................17

Figure 18: Gear Box (Spur Gears).................................................................................................17

Figure 19: Gear Box (Miter Gears)...............................................................................................18

Figure 23: Spur Gear.....................................................................................................................18

Figure 24: Bevel Gear....................................................................................................................19

Figure 25: Master Assembly (View # 1).......................................................................................20

Figure 26: Master Assembly (View # 2).......................................................................................20

Figure 27: Labelled Diagram of the Assembly..............................................................................21

Figure 28 Feature Properties of Rotary Motor.............................................................................21

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Figure 29: Angular Velocity of Miter Gear 1 (Input)....................................................................22

Figure 30: Angular Velocity of Metering Disc (Output)...............................................................22

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No Tillage Planter/ Seeder CAD-II Project

Abstract

No-till planting is a conservation agriculture technique that involves planting crops into untilled
soil without disturbing the existing crop residue or soil structure. In Pakistan, farmers often rely
on tillage techniques, eventually burning rice straws for clearing the field (resulting in Smoggy
environment). The report has discussed the CAD project of No-tillage planter including its
various parts, assemblies and motion study. Motion study was performed to design a suitable
mechanism to rotation metering disc taking power from shaft. Results of motion study have been
discussed in the report.

Objectives

The main goal of this project was:

 Design and model a functional assembly of No-tillage planter

 Devise a mechanism for transfer of power.
 Motion Study of the mechanism
 Material Selection

Mass Properties

The mass of an average no-tillage planter is about 2,000 kg. The mass of our machine came out
to be about 1,750 kg. Mass properties of the assembly is given by:
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Figure 1: Mass Properties of the Project

Part Modelling

Following Parts were modelled for the project:

Hitch

The tractor hitch that modeled on SolidWorks using extrusion is a robust and versatile
component designed to connect agricultural equipment to a tractor. It serves as the crucial link
between the tractor's power and the various implements used for farming tasks, such as plowing,
tilling, and cultivating.

Overall, the tractor hitch modeled using extrusion on SolidWorks is a well-engineered and
functional component that plays a vital role in modern agricultural practices. Its robust
construction, careful design, and accurate modeling ensure that it can withstand the demanding
conditions of farm work, providing reliable performance and facilitating seamless connection
between tractors and implements.
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Figure 2: 3-CAT Hitch

Shaft

Shafts are an essential component of many agricultural and industrial machines. They enable the
transfer of power from a tractor or power source to various implements and machinery, allowing
them to perform specific tasks efficiently.

Figure 3: PTO Shaft

Metering Disc

The seeder disc with agitator that meticulously modeled on SolidWorks is a vital component
used in agricultural seeding operations. This precisely designed disc features a circular shape
with evenly spaced holes for seed placement. The disc is carefully constructed to ensure optimal
seed distribution and penetration into the soil. Additionally, an agitator mechanism is
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incorporated, consisting of strategically placed fins or paddles that rotate and create agitation
within the seed hopper. This agitator ensures a consistent flow of seeds onto the disc, preventing
clogging and promoting efficient and accurate seeding.

Figure 4: Metering Disc

Hopper

The hopper design created using SolidWorks is an innovative and efficient solution for storing
and dispensing granular or powdered materials. With its sleek and functional design, the hopper
offers a reliable and user-friendly experience. The hopper features a sturdy and durable
construction, ensuring long-lasting performance. It is designed to withstand the rigors of
industrial environments, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. The materials used
in its construction are carefully chosen to provide the necessary strength and resistance to
abrasion or corrosion. Overall, the hopper design created using SolidWorks showcases a perfect
balance of functionality, durability, and user-friendliness. Its innovative features, robust
construction, and attention to detail make it an ideal solution for various industries, ensuring
efficient material storage and dispensing operations.
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Figure 5: Hopper

Presser Wheel

The Presser or pressure Wheel is built with a robust and durable frame, utilizing lightweight
materials like aluminum alloy or steel. This construction ensures both strength and longevity
while keeping the overall weight manageable for easy handling. The main component of the
Pressure Wheel is the circular wheel itself, which is engineered with a high-quality rubber or
silicone coating. This coating provides excellent grip and prevents slippage during operation.
The diameter and width of the wheel can be customized to suit specific application requirements.
To achieve precise control over the applied pressure, the Pressure Wheel is equipped with an
adjustable pressure mechanism.

Figure 6: Pressure Wheel

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Coulter

The Coulter, created using SolidWorks, is a highly efficient agricultural implement designed to
revolutionize seed planting and soil cultivation. It serves as a precision tool that cuts through the
soil with exceptional accuracy, creating furrows for seed placement while minimizing soil
disturbance. The Coulter's design aims to enhance planting precision, optimize seed germination,
and facilitate optimal crop growth. At the heart of the Coulter lies a sturdy blade made of
hardened steel or alloy material. This blade features a sharp cutting edge that ensures clean and
precise soil penetration. It is meticulously shaped to create narrow furrows while minimizing soil
disruption, thus preserving soil structure and reducing compaction. The Coulter's disc diameter
and thickness can be customized to meet specific planting requirements. The size of the disc
determines the width and depth of the furrow, enabling precise seed placement. Meanwhile, the
disc's thickness contributes to its durability and strength, ensuring consistent performance even
in challenging soil conditions.

Figure 7: Coulter

Opener Disk

The Opener Disk, created using SolidWorks, is a vital agricultural implement utilized in seed
drilling and planting operations. It serves as a crucial tool for creating precise and consistent seed
furrows in the soil, ensuring optimal seed-to-soil contact and promoting successful germination.
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Engineered with efficiency in mind, the Opener Disk achieves efficient soil penetration while
minimizing soil disruption. Constructed from durable and wear-resistant materials like hardened
steel or alloy, the Opener Disk features a circular shape with a cutting edge designed for efficient
soil penetration. The cutting edge is finely crafted to provide a sharp and clean cutting action,
minimizing soil disturbance and preserving the soil structure. This precise cutting ensures
consistent furrow creation, facilitating accurate seed placement.

Figure 8: Opener Disk

Tire

The Tire, designed using SolidWorks, is an essential component of automotive and industrial
machinery, providing traction, cushioning, and support on various surfaces. The design of the
Tyre can be customized to meet specific requirements, including variations in tread pattern,
width, and sidewall height. Using SolidWorks, precise dimensions and contours are meticulously
designed to ensure proper fitment and compatibility with different rim sizes and types.
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Figure 9: Tire

Chassis/ Structure

The chassis or structure of a no-tillage planter is a key component of the machine designed to
facilitate efficient and effective planting in agricultural fields without disturbing the soil through
tillage. It provides the necessary support, stability, and maneuverability to ensure accurate seed
placement while minimizing soil disturbance.

The chassis of a no-tillage planter is typically made of strong and durable materials such as steel
or aluminum. It is designed to withstand the rigors of field operations and carry the weight of the
planter units, seed hoppers, and other components. The structure is engineered to distribute the
weight evenly and maintain stability during planting operations. In our case, it was made of
plane carbon assembly.
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Figure 10: Chassis

Assemblies and Their Features

Following are the details of the assemblies made for the project, and their purposes:

Universal Joint

The Universal Joint assembly consists of two yokes, four trunnions, and four cross pins (or two
in some cases). The yokes are the main components of the assembly and they are responsible for
transferring power from the shaft to the driven machine. The trunnions are located at the ends of
the yokes and they allow the yokes to rotate freely. The cross pins keep the trunnions in place
and they also help to transmit power between the yokes.

The Universal Joint assembly is a simple but effective way to transmit power from a rotating
shaft to a driven machine. It is commonly used in agricultural and construction equipment, as
well as in other applications where there is a need to transmit power over a long distance.

The Universal Joint assembly is a critical component in your shaft system. It is important to
inspect the assembly regularly for signs of wear and tear. If any components are damaged, they
should be replaced immediately to prevent further damage to the system.

Shaft is the mechanical link between the power source and tractor. Typically, shaft from the
tractor rotates at 540 RPM. So, for our motion study it was assumed to be 540 RPM.
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Figure 11: Universal Joint Assembly

Figure 12: PTO Shaft and Universal Joint Assembly

Tire & Rim

Tires play an important role in no-tillage planter depth control. The type of tire, tire pressure, and
tire width all affect how the planter will operate.

 Tire type: There are two main types of tires used on no-tillage planters: smooth tires and
lug tires. Smooth tires provide a more consistent depth control, while lug tires provide
better traction in wet conditions.
 Tire pressure: Tire pressure affects how much weight the tires apply to the ground.
Increased tire pressure will result in more weight being applied to the ground, which can
help to prevent the planter from bouncing and help to maintain a consistent depth.
 Tire width: Tire width affects how much soil the tires displace. Wider tires will displace
more soil, which can help to create a more level seedbed.

Lug tires were used in the project as shown in the fig. below:
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Figure 13: Tire & Rim Assembly

The reason for selection of lug tires were:

 More control over paddy fields.

 More appropriate friction to move over soil during rainy days

Opener Discs

Opener discs are used in agricultural machinery to help break up the soil and create a level
seedbed. They are typically made of steel or aluminum and have a series of blades that are
angled at 20 degrees. This angle helps to ensure that the discs cut through the soil evenly and
without tearing it.

Opener discs can be assembled in a variety of ways, but the most common method is to use a
bolt pattern. The bolt pattern is the spacing of the holes in the discs that are used to secure them
together. The most common bolt pattern for opener discs is 20 degrees.

Once the discs have been assembled, they can be used in agricultural machinery to help break up
the soil and create a level seedbed.

Here are some additional details about opener discs:

 The discs are typically made of boron steel.

 The discs have a series of blades that are angled at 20 degrees.

 The discs can be assembled in a variety of ways, but the most common method is to use a
bolt pattern.

 The most common bolt pattern for opener discs is 20 degrees.

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Opener discs are an important component of agricultural machinery. They help to break up the
soil and create a level seedbed, which is essential for good crop production.

Figure 14: Opener-Discs Assembly

Coulter Discs

A coulter's main job is to chop up the leftovers, not to till the ground. The tillage required for
seed-to-soil contact is carried out by the seed furrow opener. The coulter should be run at a depth
just a little bit less than where the seeds will be planted.

Coulters are typically made of steel or hardened steel. They are mounted on the frame of the
planter and are usually angled slightly to the side so that they can cut through the soil without
tearing it. However, a single coulter does not need to be angled.

In no-till planting, the soil is not turned over, which helps to conserve soil moisture and prevent
erosion. However, this also means that there is a layer of residue on top of the soil, which can
make it difficult for the planter to penetrate the soil. The coulter helps to cut through this residue
and create a clean, smooth seedbed.
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Figure 15: Coulter Assembly

Gearbox

First Miter gears were used with 1:1 gear ratio. Then two pairs of gears with 3:1 gear ratio and
2:1 gear ratio.

Overall, this gear drive system provides a total gear ratio of 36:1, which reduces the speed of the
shaft from 540 RPM to approximately 15 RPM at the seed metering mechanism. This lower
speed, combined with the torque provided by the ground-driven wheel, is sufficient to power the
seed metering mechanism in a no-tillage seeder.

Figure 16: Gear Box (Spur Gears)

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Figure 17: Gear Box (Miter Gears)

Use of SolidWorks Toolbox

Following are the details of the built-in parts used in our assembly:

Spur Gear

Spur gear used in motion study were taken from SolidWorks library. Pitch diameter, no. of teeth,
keyway dimensions, and shaft size are defined using it.

Figure 18: Spur Gear

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Bevel Gear

Bevel gears are a type of gear mechanism used to transmit motion and power between
intersecting shafts at different angles. Unlike parallel shaft gears, which have shafts that are
parallel to each other, bevel gears have shafts that intersect at an angle, typically 90 degrees.

Figure 19: Bevel Gear

Assembly

The assembly of the no-tillage planter, which have been modeled in SolidWorks, brings together
all the individual components to create a complete and functional machine. This assembly serves
as the central hub where various sub-assemblies and parts are combined to form the final planter
design.

The assembly starts with the main chassis frame, which provides the structural support and
framework for the entire planter. In SolidWorks, we have designed this frame using precise
measurements and dimensions to ensure the correct alignment and fit of the components.

Attached to the chassis frame are the planter units, which are responsible for seed placement.
Each planter unit consists of a seed meter, seed tube, seed boot, and associated mechanisms.
These units are carefully positioned and fastened to the chassis to ensure uniform spacing and
accurate seed placement. In SolidWorks, we have meticulously modeled and assembled each
planter unit, considering their individual components and their interaction with the chassis.

The seed hoppers, which hold the seeds for planting, are integrated into the master assembly.
These hoppers are strategically positioned and securely mounted to the chassis, allowing for easy
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access and refilling. We have designed the seed hoppers in SolidWorks to be removable,
enabling farmers to quickly switch between different seed types as needed.

The assembly also includes the wheels or tracks, which provide mobility and maneuverability to
the planter. These wheels/tracks are meticulously placed on the chassis frame, taking into
account the appropriate spacing and alignment. In SolidWorks, we have incorporated accurate
representations of the wheels/tracks to ensure proper fit and clearance within the assembly.

Figure 20: Master Assembly (View # 1)

Figure 21: Master Assembly (View # 2)

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Figure 22: Labelled Diagram of the Assembly

Motion Study

A motion study of the gear-box mechanism was performed. First Motor of constant 540 RPM
was applied to the Miter gear 1 (connected to PTO). The motion transmitted through Miter Gear
2 (with Gear mate 1:1), and then transmitted to spur gear assembly.

Figure 23 Feature Properties of Rotary Motor

In the spur gears’ assembly, gear mates ere applied with their respective ratio of pitch diameters
to achieve total gear train value of 36/1.

PTO RPM
RPM of Seeder=
Gear Train Value

540
RPM of Seeder=
36
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RPM of Seeder=15 RPM

So, from the motion study, the result should conform to the theoretical value. After applying
constraints in the motion study, results were plotted. Two angular velocities were plotted (of
input miter gear and seeder RPM respectively).

The results were as:

Figure 24: Angular Velocity of Miter Gear 1 (Input)

Following was the plot for the angular velocity of seeder disc:

Figure 25: Angular Velocity of Metering Disc (Output)

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Drawings
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Conclusion

No- Tillage Seeder/ planter can be a great device for the smog reduction and efficient no-tillage
drilling. urning rice straw, also known as straw burning, is a common agricultural practice in
some regions. However, it is a significant contributor to air pollution and smog formation. A no-
tillage seeder allows farmers to incorporate rice straw directly into the soil without the need for
burning. The seeder cuts through the residue and places the seeds beneath the straw layer,
enabling proper seed-to-soil contact. By incorporating the straw into the soil, it decomposes over
time, contributing to soil organic matter and nutrient cycling. This eliminates the need for
burning as a means of disposing of the straw.

In this project, CAD model of the no-tillage planter was modeled along with its sub-assemblies.
A working mechanism was devised to transfer rotational motion from shaft (540 RPM) to the
seeder (15 RPM).
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References

No-Till Seed drills 9400 Series (no date) KUHN. Available at:
https://www.kuhn.com/en/crop/seed-drills/trailed-seed-drills/trailed-min-till-mechanical-
seed-drills/9400nt-series (Accessed: 20 June 2023).

Spirit 600-900c - high capacity seed metering: Väderstad (no date) High capacity seed metering
| Väderstad. Available at: https://www.vaderstad.com/en/drilling/spirit-seed-drills/spirit-c/
(Accessed: 20 June 2023).