INTRODUCTION

The unequal distribution of income among people or households within a

society

- It exists in countries throught the world.

- It is not the same as wealth inequality

- The greater the income inequality, the less income is equally

distributed.

- Income inequality leads to lack of opportunities for better standards of

living, stable financial futures, political and social upheavals.
 FACTORS

Advances in Technology: Gender and Race Bias:

• Automation of jobs • Income disparities are

• loss of jobs for blue- more common for
collar workers minorities
• lower wages for less • Women
educated workers • People of colour
• In some place, male
employees earn more
than female employees
for the same position.
FACTORS

ECONOMIC
EDUCATION TAXATION
CONDITIONS

Workers with Weak economic

less than high- conditions Tax Policies
school education
• Experience less • Lead to financial • Some tax
growth in turmoil, policies benefit
income than unemployment high-income
those with and less earners more
college and investments than low-income
university earners
education
 MEASUREMENTS
COMPARISON OF
EARNING GROUPS
• High-earning groups (top 10%) with
average-earning groups
• Lower-earning groups (bottom 10) to
average-earning groups
• Gaining knowledge by analysing tax
records of the highest income
brackets.
GINI INDEX
• Developed by Italian statistician
Corrado Gini in the early 1900s.
• Gives numerical value to income
inequality levels across regions.
• Scale ranges from 0 to 1
• Higher values mean greater income
inequality and lower values means
less income inequality
MEASUREMENTS
GLOBAL DISPARATIES
• South Africa has a Gini Index of 63.0
• High income-inequality
• The United States has a Gini Index of 39.7.
• Comparatively lower income inequality than South Africa
FACTS & FIGURES
PAKISTAN
Economic Poorest 10% face Top 10% controls
severe economic disproportionate
Disparities hardships. share of GDP.

Rural areas exhibit

Regional higher poverty and
income gaps Especially Sindh
Differences compared to urban and Balochistan
centres.

Women face
Gender limited access to Worsening
Inequality work and income inequality
education
FACTS & FIGURES
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
UAE PAKISTAN
GINI INDEX • 26 in 2018, • 29.6 in 2018,
COMPARISON forecasted forecasted above
0.25 in 2024 0.30 in 2024

Strong Economy Government Policies

• Finance • Taxation
FACTORS • Tourism • Investments in education,
• Real estate welfare, infrastructure

Focus on wealth Welfare

redistribution, programs,
APPROACH social education
development investments

Social welfare
WELFARE Sanad program
for low-income centres for
PROGRAMS families. vulnerable
groups.

Initiatives like
EDUCATION World-class
educational Mohammed Bin
INVESTMENTS institutions. Rashid Smart
Learning Program.
FACTS & FIGURES
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
RECOMMENDATIONS

Education and Social

Skill Safety
Development Nets

Inclusive Gender
Economic
Growth Equality
Conclusion