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Chapter 8--The Organizational Context
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following was an important aspect of helping the FBI implement strategic organizational
change?
A. 360 degree performance feedback
B. Modified balanced scorecard
C. Employee satisfaction survey
D. All of these choices
2. Which of the following is a true statement about the way strategic change was managed at the FBI?
A. The change addressed the fact that the FBI had too many counterintelligence agents
B. The FBI was forced to adopt the Strategic Management System of the CIA
C. The change involved taking a more proactive approach to crime prevention
D. All of these choices
5. An organization's key governing rule is "The only rule is there are no rules." Which of the following
organization forms would be consistent with this approach to organizational structure?
A. Bureaucratic approach
B. Behaviorist approach
C. Clan approach
D. Transactional approach
6. Under what conditions is the clan approach most appropriate?
A. Large, complex organizations
B. Measureable tasks
C. Price-sensitive industries
D. Uncertain conditions
7. Which of the following most accurately characterizes the relationship between degree of centralization and
organizational control mechanisms?
A. Centralized decision making systems are typical to clan environments.
B. Decentralized decision making systems are only found in bureaucracies but either centralized or
decentralized systems are found in clans.
C. Centralized decision making systems are only found in clans but either centralized or decentralized systems
are found in bureaucracies.
D. Clans tend to be decentralized in decision making and bureaucracies tend to be centralized but either
structure can exist with either control mode.
9. Which of the following is not an organizational design decision made by top managers of a firm?
A. Division of labor
B. Formal structure
C. Coordinating mechanisms
D. Decision rights
10. A manager in Starbucks corporate office must determine who has the final authority over choosing the
materials for the marketing campaign. Which of the following aspects of organizational design does this refer
to?
A. Division of labor
B. Formal structure
C. Coordinating mechanisms
D. Decision rights
11. The senior management in a major US IT firm decided to offshore many of the computer programming
aspects of the business to India to save revenue on labor costs. Which of the following aspects of organizational
design has the management made a decision about?
A. Division of labor
B. Organizational boundaries
C. Political structure
D. Decision rights
12. Which of the following determines the legitimate basis of authority in a firm?
A. Rank and position
B. Expertise
C. Charisma
D. Social status
13. In which of the following life-cycles of a business is cost management most important?
A. Start up
B. Growth
C. Decline
D. Equally important in all stages
14. In which of the following life-cycles of a business is access to capital most important?
A. Start up
B. Growth
C. Decline
D. Equally important in all stages
16. What are firms called that are efficient in their current strategic operations while they prepare for changes in
the horizon?
A. Clan
B. Ambidextrous
C. Improvised
D. Erudite
17. Which of the following best describes a flaw of the business process reengineering approaches that were
popular in the 1990s?
A. Lack of focus on the customer
B. Failed to create efficient processes
C. Created greater costs for organizations
D. Did not recognize informal aspects of organizations
18. Which of the following represents a legacy of the business process reengineering movement?
A. More stable organizational structures
B. Focus on internal processes and procedures
C. More customer-centric organization
D. Reduced collaboration in teams
19. Southwest airlines' culture is a key part of the firm's competitive advantage. Southwest encourages
employees to have fun at work and to go above and beyond in order to help customers have a positive
experience. Which aspect of organization design is Southwest focusing on to enhance the customer experience?
A. Coordination
B. Cooperation
C. Capability development
D. Connection
20. Starbucks provides its partners who work in coffee shops outstanding training and development to ensure all
have superior product knowledge. This outstanding knowledge of the product enables Starbucks' partners to
better serve customer needs by recommending products that customers might enjoy. Which aspect of
organization design is Starbucks focusing on to enhance the customer experience?
A. Coordination
B. Cooperation
C. Capability development
D. Connection
21. After the 911 terror attacks, the FBI committed its organization to do the following:
A. Hunt down bin Laden
B. Flipped their priorities to fight terrorists first, then crime
C. Hired more agents to fight terrorists
D. Increased intelligence overseas
22. The FBI made several changes to its organization:
A. Changed headquarters, offices, and personnel
B. Changed organized crime, terrorism
C. Changed its resources, structure, and purpose
D. Changed leadership, personnel, focus
23. Many fast food retailers maintain this system of controls to ensure quality:
A. Good food, fast times, happy people
B. Good food, technology, happy people
C. Low wages, minority labor force, location
D. Tight controls
26. The Clan approach contrasts the bureaucratic approach because it functions:
A. With job titles, job descriptions, specific level of managers
B. Low morale, job turnover, poor training
C. High morale, strong supervision, autocratic
D. Self-supervising, teams complete tasks
27. When employees believe that their values are aligned with the firm:
A. Have an internal motivation, behave appropriately, follow rules
B. Expect raises for good work, are not late to work, stay late
C. Expect layoffs during recessions, have doubts about their future
D. Use the clan method, use performance evaluations
28. Define a centralized organization as being:
A. Informal structure, little control of behavior, bottom-up decision making
B. Formal structure, strict employee control, top-down authority
C. Formal structure, low employee control, no authority
D. Informal structure, strict control of behavior, bottom-up decision making.
31. When an engineer is involved with project budgeting, and the transition from research to manufacturing,
this process is called:
A. Horizontal specialization
B. Vertical specialization
C. Team specialization
D. Division of labor
37. Describe the role that organizations play in helping a firm achieve its strategic objectives.
38. Compare the elements of organizational structure and organizational strategy as the concepts work with
each other.
39. Articulate the decisions necessary for a firm to create an organizational structure that is aligned with a firm's
strategic objectives.
40. Discuss the processes being used by companies to redefine their organizational structure to meet customer
needs and improve organizational objectives.
Chapter 8--The Organizational Context Key
1. Which of the following was an important aspect of helping the FBI implement strategic organizational
change?
A. 360 degree performance feedback
B. Modified balanced scorecard
C. Employee satisfaction survey
D. All of these choices
2. Which of the following is a true statement about the way strategic change was managed at the FBI?
A. The change addressed the fact that the FBI had too many counterintelligence agents
B. The FBI was forced to adopt the Strategic Management System of the CIA
C. The change involved taking a more proactive approach to crime prevention
D. All of these choices
5. An organization's key governing rule is "The only rule is there are no rules." Which of the following
organization forms would be consistent with this approach to organizational structure?
A. Bureaucratic approach
B. Behaviorist approach
C. Clan approach
D. Transactional approach
6. Under what conditions is the clan approach most appropriate?
A. Large, complex organizations
B. Measureable tasks
C. Price-sensitive industries
D. Uncertain conditions
7. Which of the following most accurately characterizes the relationship between degree of centralization and
organizational control mechanisms?
A. Centralized decision making systems are typical to clan environments.
B. Decentralized decision making systems are only found in bureaucracies but either centralized or
decentralized systems are found in clans.
C. Centralized decision making systems are only found in clans but either centralized or decentralized systems
are found in bureaucracies.
D. Clans tend to be decentralized in decision making and bureaucracies tend to be centralized but either
structure can exist with either control mode.
9. Which of the following is not an organizational design decision made by top managers of a firm?
A. Division of labor
B. Formal structure
C. Coordinating mechanisms
D. Decision rights
10. A manager in Starbucks corporate office must determine who has the final authority over choosing the
materials for the marketing campaign. Which of the following aspects of organizational design does this refer
to?
A. Division of labor
B. Formal structure
C. Coordinating mechanisms
D. Decision rights
11. The senior management in a major US IT firm decided to offshore many of the computer programming
aspects of the business to India to save revenue on labor costs. Which of the following aspects of organizational
design has the management made a decision about?
A. Division of labor
B. Organizational boundaries
C. Political structure
D. Decision rights
12. Which of the following determines the legitimate basis of authority in a firm?
A. Rank and position
B. Expertise
C. Charisma
D. Social status
13. In which of the following life-cycles of a business is cost management most important?
A. Start up
B. Growth
C. Decline
D. Equally important in all stages
14. In which of the following life-cycles of a business is access to capital most important?
A. Start up
B. Growth
C. Decline
D. Equally important in all stages
16. What are firms called that are efficient in their current strategic operations while they prepare for changes in
the horizon?
A. Clan
B. Ambidextrous
C. Improvised
D. Erudite
17. Which of the following best describes a flaw of the business process reengineering approaches that were
popular in the 1990s?
A. Lack of focus on the customer
B. Failed to create efficient processes
C. Created greater costs for organizations
D. Did not recognize informal aspects of organizations
18. Which of the following represents a legacy of the business process reengineering movement?
A. More stable organizational structures
B. Focus on internal processes and procedures
C. More customer-centric organization
D. Reduced collaboration in teams
19. Southwest airlines' culture is a key part of the firm's competitive advantage. Southwest encourages
employees to have fun at work and to go above and beyond in order to help customers have a positive
experience. Which aspect of organization design is Southwest focusing on to enhance the customer experience?
A. Coordination
B. Cooperation
C. Capability development
D. Connection
20. Starbucks provides its partners who work in coffee shops outstanding training and development to ensure all
have superior product knowledge. This outstanding knowledge of the product enables Starbucks' partners to
better serve customer needs by recommending products that customers might enjoy. Which aspect of
organization design is Starbucks focusing on to enhance the customer experience?
A. Coordination
B. Cooperation
C. Capability development
D. Connection
21. After the 911 terror attacks, the FBI committed its organization to do the following:
A. Hunt down bin Laden
B. Flipped their priorities to fight terrorists first, then crime
C. Hired more agents to fight terrorists
D. Increased intelligence overseas
22. The FBI made several changes to its organization:
A. Changed headquarters, offices, and personnel
B. Changed organized crime, terrorism
C. Changed its resources, structure, and purpose
D. Changed leadership, personnel, focus
23. Many fast food retailers maintain this system of controls to ensure quality:
A. Good food, fast times, happy people
B. Good food, technology, happy people
C. Low wages, minority labor force, location
D. Tight controls
26. The Clan approach contrasts the bureaucratic approach because it functions:
A. With job titles, job descriptions, specific level of managers
B. Low morale, job turnover, poor training
C. High morale, strong supervision, autocratic
D. Self-supervising, teams complete tasks
27. When employees believe that their values are aligned with the firm:
A. Have an internal motivation, behave appropriately, follow rules
B. Expect raises for good work, are not late to work, stay late
C. Expect layoffs during recessions, have doubts about their future
D. Use the clan method, use performance evaluations
28. Define a centralized organization as being:
A. Informal structure, little control of behavior, bottom-up decision making
B. Formal structure, strict employee control, top-down authority
C. Formal structure, low employee control, no authority
D. Informal structure, strict control of behavior, bottom-up decision making.
31. When an engineer is involved with project budgeting, and the transition from research to manufacturing,
this process is called:
A. Horizontal specialization
B. Vertical specialization
C. Team specialization
D. Division of labor
37. Describe the role that organizations play in helping a firm achieve its strategic objectives.
Organizations are the primary means that strategies are implemented, evaluated, and changed. An organization
is always evaluating its performance and it should change its structure according to its organizational
perspective. Organizational culture, structure, and measurement are three elements managers should use to
determine the efficiency of the organization's opportunity to meet its strategic goals.
38. Compare the elements of organizational structure and organizational strategy as the concepts work with
each other.
Organization structure follows organizational strategy in the organization. If the strategy is to pursue cost
leadership, then the structure will emphasize efficiency, cost reduction, and internal alignment. If the company
pursues differentiation strategies, then it will make structure decisions that cultivate innovation, creativity,
flexibility, and speed.
39. Articulate the decisions necessary for a firm to create an organizational structure that is aligned with a firm's
strategic objectives.
There are seven concepts used in aligning a structure that helps firm keep its competitive advantage: division of
labor, coordinating mechanisms, decision rights, boundaries, informal structure, political structure, and basis of
authority.
40. Discuss the processes being used by companies to redefine their organizational structure to meet customer
needs and improve organizational objectives.
Many companies are using Business Process Reengineering (BPR) to drive efficiency and meet customer needs.
There are four activities used to affect more customer-centric design: coordination, cooperation, capability
development, and connection.
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The aggregate force that came from Macala would have been
anything between 1,200 to 1,500 strong. Of these, probably not more
than 1,000 were in action, if so many.
Had the whole body entered the stronghold unperceived, the plan
was to rest a day, then begin attacking the surrounding Chiefs and
looting their stock. These Chiefs, although members of their tribes
had become rebels, had themselves refrained from joining. It was,
therefore, supposed that, on conclusion of hostilities, they would visit
their displeasure on those who had rebelled. Consequently, the
intention was to deal vigorously with and kill off these half-hearted
men; such were the tactics of Tshaka, for, after killing the leaders, the
ordinary people, it was found, flocked to the 'conqueror.' The policy,
furthermore, was to lie in wait for small parties of the Government
forces near, but especially in, the forests, and massacre them before
reinforcements could arrive, as, indeed, had almost happened at
Manzipambana.
The reader will naturally wonder what became of the newly-appointed
commanders, Macala and Mganu. Macala thought it wiser to push
into the gorge. He joined Mangati and Ndabaningi, leaving the
headstrong Mehlokazulu and Bambata to look after themselves.
Mganu, however, remained.
On Bambata and Mehlokazulu's suspicions being aroused, scouts
were sent out to examine the ridge on the west, occupied by part of
Barker's force. These returned a few minutes before the Maxim
opened to report troops were really there. The impi was speedily
roused and formed into an umkumbi, that is, the 'circle' Barker had
seen. Bambata then completely lost his head, so much so that
Mganu, in the absence of Macala, was called on to take general
command. He immediately gave such orders as appeared necessary
to meet the situation. His own regiment, Mavalana, was told to charge
at Barker in one direction, and the others to do likewise in another.
But before the men (already arranged in companies) could move
forward (not backward as McKay and Forbes had believed), the
Maxim began—not from the ridge suspected by the rebels, but from a
different one. What followed at this stage has already been related. It
remains to add that, when it became a case of sauve qui peut, the
majority turned and made over the neck in rear as hard as they could.
It flashed across the minds of those familiar with that part of the
country that Dobo was a snare; that being the case, there was
nothing for it but to run the gauntlet towards the waterfall. This, as
has been seen, many accordingly did.
And so, as far as the ordinary rebel could see, the great storm that
was to come turned out to be nothing more than a thunder of artillery
and hail of bullets, brought on by that very race against whom the
mysterious command had been specially directed. Truly, the manner
in which Dinuzulu had directed the elements left much to be desired.
FOOTNOTES:
[230] This word is dissyllabic, and pronounced 'maw-me' (the 'e'
being as in 'met').
[231] Owing to the insanitary state of his camp (the site having
recently been used by three columns), Barker got permission from
McKenzie to move about three miles to the south-east of the
grave, and out of sight of Macala. This had occurred on the
afternoon of the 8th. On the same day, all the supply waggons
(empty) trekked back to Fort Yolland. Little did Barker suppose that
this lucky move would make the enemy believe the column had
vanished as well.
[232] Some fifteen miles of difficult country had been traversed.
The feat was a noteworthy one; it had called for courage and
daring, and well deserved the Distinguished Conduct Medal
afterwards awarded to each of the men.
[233] The mouth of Tate gorge is about a mile west of the mouth of
Mome gorge, and is on the route along which, as hinted in
McKenzie's despatch, the enemy would probably travel. In
Barker's view, it was just possible the enemy, although bound for
Mome, would proceed thither through Tate. It will be seen later,
McKenzie, notwithstanding his written instructions, entertained
similar suspicions.
[234] This is the hill referred to on p. 246.
[235] Orders were given for the searchlight to be kept flashing
throughout the night, to give the enemy the impression that the
troops were quietly resting on Nomangci—a ruse that exactly
served its purpose.
[236] F company (Capt. Forsbrook) was, however, at Mangeni. It
joined the regiment on the 14th June.
[237] It so happened that a squadron of R.H., which, for a few
minutes had gone astray during the gallop on top, had already
been made by Major A.W. Fraser to occupy a portion of the
position in question, and so prevent escapes then already
beginning to occur.
[238] The battalion moved in line of companies, searching the
bush-covered gullies en route; a number of rebels was come
upon. A and H companies lined the river, whilst parties of D, E and
G lined one of the sides of Dobo bush as it was being driven. The
work done by the regiment, especially B and C companies, was
very useful.
[239] It is believed by some that this man escaped.
[240] Cd. 3888, p. 185.
XV.
STATE OF AFFAIRS AT UMSINGA.—OPERATIONS BY
MURRAY-SMITH'S COLUMN.—FURTHER OPERATIONS BY
UMVOTI FIELD FORCE AND MACKAY'S COLUMN.
FOOTNOTES:
[241] Giving, roughly, a population of 18,000 souls, or about 2,500
fighting men.
[242] The man referred to frequently in this history as Matshana ka
Mondise.
[243] Kula's uncle, Mtele, with the portion of the tribe that rebelled
with him, formed part of the force that attacked Leuchars at
Mpukunyoni.
[244] It was made up of 200 N.C., Right Wing (Major A.C.
Townsend); 160 N.M.R. (Capt. P.M. Rattray); N.F.A. (four guns)
(Major C. Wilson); 55 N.R.R. (Lieut. A. McKenzie); and
departmental details. When en route to Helpmakaar, it was joined
by the following Reserves: 80 Newcastle (Chief Leader Adendorff);
200 Estcourt (Chief Leader A.F. Henderson, C.M.G.); 55 Dundee
(Chief Leader D.C. Uys).
[245] His and Murray-Smith's men met near the Buffalo and
moved back together to the latter's camp.
[246] N.R.R. were relieved at Pomeroy on the 16th by D.L.I. (100)
(Capt. W.P.M. Henderson), the latter having arrived at Helpmakaar
on the preceding day from Dundee with a convoy of supplies.
[247] Report, Colonel G. Leuchars, C.M.G., 23rd Nov. 1906.
[248] That is, the lager, consisting chiefly of wire entanglements,
erected about two miles from Helpmakaar.
[249] By the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, South Africa.
[250] Only, as will appear later, to proceed at once to Stanger.
XVI.
CONCLUDING OPERATIONS, NKANDHLA.—VISIT OF
DINUZULU'S INDUNAS TO PIETERMARITZBURG.—
POSITION AT MAPUMULO.—ACTIONS AT OTIMATI AND
PEYANA (HLONONO).