Bis-GMA (Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate acid)

Disadvantages
• BPA (bisphenol A) also known as endocrine disrupter, and has been
associated with various health concerns, including hormonal imbalances and
reproductive issues.
• Methacrylic acid a byproduct of Bis-GMA polymerization, can cause
irritation or allergic reactions due to its acidic nature Residual methacrylic
acid may leach into tissues, triggering adverse responses in some
individuals.
• Unreacted Monomers (bisphenol and glycidyl acid) incomplete
polymerization of Bis-GMA can result in the presence of unreacted
monomers within the material. These monomers can leach out over time,
especially in the presence of oral fluids, and may cause cytotoxicity or
inflammatory reactions in the surrounding tissues.
• Degradation products Bisphenol may have cytotoxic or inflammatory
properties, potentially leading to adverse reactions in surrounding tissues.
• Water Absorption Bis-GMA-based composites can absorb water over time,
which may lead to swelling, degradation, and weakening of the material,
especially when in contact with saliva and other fluids.
• Coefficient of thermal expansion
• Abrasive wear
Bis-EMA (Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate)
Potential Allergic Reactions, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic
to components of Bis-EMA, leading to adverse reactions or implant failure.
Water Absorption Bis-EMA-based composites can absorb water over time,
which may weaken the material and compromise the integrity of the dental
implant.
Esthetic Limitations, while Bis-EMA can offer good mechanical properties,
it may not achieve the same level of esthetics as other materials, impacting
the appearance of the implant restoration.
 Urethane dimethacrylate
It can potentially cause allergic reactions, absorb water leading to
degradation, experience shrinkage during polymerization, and require
careful technique during placement to avoid complications
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)
TEGDMA, commonly used in dental implants, has drawbacks including
biocompatibility concerns, potential allergic reactions, release of unreacted
monomers, degradation over time, water sorption, limited compatibility with
certain materials such ceramics

How to make DRCs antibacterial? ( another option could be using bis-

quaternary ammonium monomethacrylate)
How to strengthen them up?
How to overcome drawbacks?

To address all these aspects effectively with a single material, a

promising option would be incorporating silver nanoparticles into dental
resin composites.
1. Antibacterial Properties: Silver nanoparticles have well-
documented antibacterial properties. They can inhibit the growth
of a wide range of bacteria by disrupting their cell membranes and
interfering with cellular processes. Incorporating silver
nanoparticles into dental resin composites can impart long-lasting
antibacterial effects, reducing the risk of secondary caries and
other bacterial infections around dental implants.
2. Strength Enhancement: Silver nanoparticles can also contribute
to the mechanical strength of dental resin composites. When
properly dispersed within the resin matrix, they can reinforce the
material, improving its resistance to wear, fracture, and
 deformation. This strengthens the restoration and prolongs its
lifespan, addressing concerns about durability and longevity.
3. Overcoming Drawbacks: By utilizing silver nanoparticles, dental
resin composites can simultaneously address multiple drawbacks,
including bacterial colonization, material degradation, and
mechanical weaknesses. The antibacterial properties of silver
nanoparticles mitigate the risk of bacterial infections, while their
reinforcement effect strengthens the material and reduces
susceptibility to wear and fracture. This comprehensive approach
helps overcome the limitations associated with traditional resin
composites, making the material more versatile and suitable for use
in dental implants.
Incorporating silver nanoparticles into dental resin composites offers a
promising solution to enhance antibacterial properties, strengthen the
material, and overcome the drawbacks associated with traditional resin
composites. This approach provides a single material solution that
addresses multiple requirements for successful dental implant
restorations