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Chapter 6 Legal Requirements (Revised Notes and Case Studies)
Chapter 6 Legal Requirements (Revised Notes and Case Studies)
CHAPTER SIX
COMPLIANCE WITH LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS
LO # LEARNING OBJCTIVE
LO 1
AUTHORITY FOR APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF STATUTORY AUDITOR
✯✯✯
LO 2 PROCEDURES FOR APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF STATUTORY
✯✯ AUDITOR
LO 3
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATUTORY AUDITOR
✯
LO 4
QUALIFICATION AND DISQUALIFICATION OF STATUTORY AUDITOR
✯✯✯
LO 5
AUDIT OF COST ACCOUNTS
✯
LO 6
PENALTY FOR NON-COMPLIANCE WITH COMPANIES ACT 2017
✯
For explanation of star symbol, refer to page # v at start of the book.
After completion of this chapter, you will be able to attempt following concept review questions
in ICAP's Question Bank:
106b (ISA 620: Using the Work of an 122 (ABD Limited)
Auditor’s Expert)
After completion of this chapter, you will be able to attempt following case studies in ICAP's
Question Bank:
7 (Zaman and Bilal) 28 (Kashif and Company)
14 (ABC Limited) 30 (Daud and Company)
19 (Alpha) 38 (Fruit and nuts)
23 (Companies Ordinance 1984)
Tick the box of each question, if you have completed the question from ICAP’s
Question Bank (2017 Revised edition).
Alternatively, you can attempt practice questions from Volume – II of this book
which substantially covers these questions as well as further questions to have
sufficient practice.
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Auditing – Study Notes Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
Appointment by SECP/Commission:
Commission may (on its own, or on application by company or any member) direct company to
make good the default if:
1. the company fails to appoint the first auditors within ninety days of incorporation, or
2. the company fails to appoint subsequent auditors at an annual general meeting; or
3. the company fails to fill up a casual vacancy within thirty days of occurrence of the vacancy;
or
4. the appointed auditors are unwilling to act as auditors of the company;
If the company does not comply order within specified time, the Commission shall appoint auditors
of the company.
Tenure/Term of Auditor:
Tenure of auditor appointed in each case is from date of appointment till the conclusion of next
AGM.
Remuneration of Auditor:
The remuneration of the auditor shall be fixed:
(a) by the company in the general meeting; or
(b) by the board or by the Commission, if the auditors are appointed by the board or the
Commission, as the case may be.
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Auditing – Study Notes Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
State the circumstances in which the auditors may be appointed by the directors and by the members of a company. (03)
(Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, Professional Level – December 2001, Amended)
Narrate the circumstances in which SECP becomes empowered to appoint auditors under the Companies Act, 2017. (06)
(ICAP, CAF 03 Level – Spring 2008)
Can auditor of a listed company be removed during the term of his office? (02)
(ICAP, CAF 09 Level – Spring 2002)
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Auditing – Study Notes Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
2. To transfer all books and papers of client (to client or to incoming auditor if advised so by
client).
3. To reply promptly to incoming auditor’s Professional Clearance Letter.
4. Outgoing auditor will file with ICAP a copy of Representation (if made).
5. Additional responsibility if predecessor auditor is removed during audit, he must immediately
file with ICAP a “Statement of Facts/Circumstances”.
Exam Tip
In exam question, be careful whether question relates:
Legal procedures or Ethical procedures.
Change of auditor during tenure or at end of tenure.
Course of Action by Incoming auditor or Outgoing auditor.
Set out the responsibilities of the outgoing firm of auditors relating to the change of appointment in order to comply with
the ICAEW Code of Ethics. (06)
(Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, Professional Level – 2007 June)
On March 15, 2006, Karom Textile Limited received a notice from a shareholder of the company nominating another firm
of Chartered Accountants as auditors in place of the existing auditors at the annual general meeting to be held on March
31, 2006.
Explain the conditions required to be fulfilled by a member of the company while making such nomination under the
Companies Act, 2017. Also describe the company’s responsibilities on receiving such notice, towards other members and
the existing auditors of the company. (05)
(ICAP, CAF 03 Level – Autumn 2006)
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Auditing – Study Notes Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
If any of the above matters is answered in “negative” or in “qualification”; auditor shall state its reason
with factual position in auditor’s report.
Your firm has received notice from Ash plc (Ash), a listed company, that your firm will not be re-appointed as external
auditor when its term of office expires as the audit committee of Ash has recommended the appointment of another firm.
Set out the rights and responsibilities of your firm, including those under the Companies Ordinance 1984, relating to the
change in appointment. (03)
(Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, Professional Level – 2016 June, amended)
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Auditing – Study Notes Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
(a) What are the provisions of the Companies Act, 2017, regarding remuneration of auditors of a company. (03)
(b) What are the provisions of Companies Act, 2017 regarding auditors signature on audit report? (03)
(ICAP, CAF 03 Level – Autumn 2001)
Qualification Criteria:
Audit of a Public Company, or a Private company which is subsidiary of a public company, or a
private company with paid up capital of Rs. 3 million or more, shall be conducted by a chartered
Accountant or a firm of chartered accountants (having valid certificate of practice from ICAP).
Exam Tips
A firm can be appointed as auditor if majority of its partners are qualified for appointment. However, only a
qualified person can act as auditor or can sign on behalf of firm.
Disqualification Criteria:
Following persons shall not be appointed as auditor in a company:
1. A person or his spouse or minor child holds any shares in the audit client or any of its
associated company. However, if such a person holds shares at time of appointment, he can
be appointed if he discloses the fact at time of appointment and disinvest shares within 90
days of appointment.
2. A person is indebted to the company, other than in ordinary course of business of such
entities.
However following are not considered debt in this regard:
a. sum payable to a credit card issuer upto Rs. 1,000,000.
b. sum payable to a utility company unpaid upto 90 days.
3. If a person is or was an employee (or officer or director) of the company in last 3 years.
4. If a person is a partner or employee of an employee (or officer or director) of the company.
5. If a person is Spouse of a director.
6. If a person is a Body corporate.
7. A person who has given guarantee or security to the company in connection with the
indebtedness of third person.
8. A person or firm who has business relationship with the company (directly or indirectly),
other than in ordinary course of business of such entities.
9. A person who has been convicted by a Court of an offence involving fraud in last 10 years.
10. A person who is not eligible for appointment as auditor under Code of Ethics adopted by
ICAP and ICMAP.
If a person is disqualified for a company, he is also disqualified for its subsidiaries, its holding, and
holding’s other subsidiaries. Therefore, always be sure about status if question involves two companies.
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Auditing – Study Notes Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
Exam Tips
1. All conditions of disqualification apply at time of appointment as well as during term of
appointment.
2. Carefully note which relatives are covered in which case of disqualification.
3. Word “Limited” in the name of an organization shows that it is a Company. Similarly, word “Private”
in the name confirms that it is a private company.
4. Make sure you know definitions of “Associated Company”, “Holding” and “Subsidiary”.
5. As per Companies Act 2017, auditor means only sole-proprietor/partners of audit firm.
Such auditor shall have the same powers, duties and liabilities as an auditor of the company and
such other powers, duties and liabilities as may be prescribed.
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Auditing – Study Notes Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
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Auditing – Case Studies Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
Remember: In exam, both (legal and ethical) regulations are not discussed in a single situation.
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Auditing – Case Studies Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
(a) Farrukh & Co., Chartered Accountants, has received an offer to be appointed as the external auditor of Ebrahim Gas
Company. The firm is indebted to the company as it has not paid the last two months’ bills amounting to Rs. 4,860.
(b) After seventy days of incorporation, the directors of Rahman Limited (RL) decided to appoint Mr. Shahid as the
company’s statutory auditor. Mr. Shahid was employed by RL before he started his own practice.
(c) The directors of Fazal Limited (FL) have decided to appoint Syed & Company, Chartered Accountants, as external
auditor of the company. One of the partner’s spouse holds 1,000 shares in the subsidiary of FL.
(d) The directors of Najam (Pvt.) Limited having paid-up capital of Rs. 4.5 million have appointed Mr. Dawood to act as the
external auditor of the company. Mr. Dawood has been awarded a diploma in International Financial Reporting Standards
by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan and has completed the mandatory period of training from a leading
firm of chartered accountants.
(e) All directors of Hussain Associates (Pvt.) Limited are chartered accountants. The company has recently received an
offer for appointment as the external auditor of Masood (Pvt.) Limited which has a paid-up share capital of Rs. 1,000,000.
(10 marks)
(ICAP, CAF 09 Level – Spring 2010)
Suggested Solution:
(a)
Farrukh & Co. can be appointed as statutory auditor of Ebrahim Gas Company because the firm is not indebted to the
company as the sum payable to utility company does not exceed period of 90 days.
(b)
Although, directors have power to appoint first auditor within 90 days of incorporation; however, Mr. Shahid cannot be
appointed as statutory auditor of RL because he has been an employee of the company in last three years.
(c)
Syed & Company can be appointed as statutory auditor of FL only if:
Shareholding by spouse of partner in associated company of FL is disclosed at time of appointment, and
Shares are disinvested within 90 days of appointment.
(d)
Mr. Dawood cannot be appointed as statutory auditor of Najam (Pvt.) Limited because audit of a private company having
paid up capital of three million or more can be conducted only by a chartered accountant (within the meanings of CA
Ordinance 1961).
(e)
Hussain Associates (Pvt) Limited cannot be appointed as statutory auditor of any company because it (auditor) is a body
corporate and, therefore, is disqualified.
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Auditing – Case Studies Chapter 6 Compliance with Legal Requirements
(i) Mr. Zakir Ali, a practicing chartered accountant, has been offered appointment in Heera Limited as external auditor. He
was an employee of the company before he started his own practice.
(ii) Diamond Associates (Pvt) Limited, a consultancy company, the majority of whose directors are chartered accountants,
have been offered appointment as external auditor in Lal (Pvt) Limited whose share capital is less than Rs. 1.5 million.
(iii) Miss Fatima Khan, a practicing chartered accountant, has been offered appointment in Neelam Limited as external
auditor. She was an employee of the company’s director two months before the offer.
(iv) Mr. Farid Hussain is a partner of Farid & Company, Chartered Accountants. The firm has been offered appointment in
Feroza Limited as external auditor. Son of Mr. Farid holds shares of Feroza Limited. (08 marks)
(ICAP, CAF 09 Level – Autumn 2006)
Suggested Solution:
(i)
Mr. Zakir Ali can be appointed as auditor of Heera Limited if he has not been an employee of the company in last three
years.
(ii) Diamond Associates (Pvt) Limited cannot be appointed as statutory auditor of any company because it (auditor) is a
body corporate and, therefore, is disqualified.
(iii) Miss Fatima Khan can be appointed as statutory auditor of Neelam Limited because she is no more an employee of
director of Neelam Limited.
Examiners’ Comments:
Legal provisions regarding appointment of statutory auditor is a topic regularly asked and was attempted fairly by most
students. The general deficiencies noted in the answers were as follows:
• The time lapse after which an ex-employee can become an external auditor was not mentioned.
• There were many examinees who said that a private limited company having paid up capital less than rupees three million
can appoint, even a body corporate, as its auditors.
• There was a general misconception that an ex-employee of a director also needs a time lapse of three years for appointment
as an external auditor.
• Very few students knew that if shares are held by the minor son of a person, he cannot accept appointment as an external
auditor. There is no such restriction if the son has attained the age of majority.