First-hand knowledge.

Reading Sample
This sample chapter will cover key parts of operational procurement,
including self-service procurement, requirements processing in SAP
S/4HANA, purchase order processing, service purchasing and confir-
mation, as well as purchase order collaboration. The chapter closes out
with instructions for configuring these key areas, including instructions
for setting up machine learning-based procurement and integration
with SAP SuccessFactors.

“Operational Procurement”

Contents

Index

The Authors

Justin Ashlock

Sourcing and Procurement with SAP S/4HANA

705 pages | 12/2023 | $89.95 | ISBN 978-1-4932-2484-5
www.sap-press.com/5773
 Chapter 5
Operational Procurement
Operational procurement concerns the day-to-day buying activities
of a business or government entity. Much of operational procurement is 5
unplanned or partially planned, low-value, high-volume activity. Opera-
tional procurement therefore comprises the procurement activities that
keep an organization running. Also known as “indirect procurement”,
operational procurement comprises procurement activities that keep an
organization running.

Unlike in other procurement activities, which typically include a trained buyer using a
tool with some degree of familiarity and training, many organizations permit any
employee to create a requisition for an operational or indirect procurement item. This
poses a challenge for the solution used, as the baseline training for the solution and
familiarity with any process may be next to nil for the average user in operational pro-
curement. Prior to SAP S/4HANA, such as in SAP ERP 6.0, the system supported opera-
tional procurement by leveraging existing document frameworks designed for heavy-
duty buying activities between suppliers and the firm or government entity. Just navi-
gating the screen of a transaction like ME21N could quickly frustrate an untrained user
accustomed to today’s online shopping experiences. The challenge for business soft-
ware providers in this area of procurement is to provide as close to a consumer-grade
user experience as possible in operational procurement, without compromising the
procurement controls and methodologies of the organization.
This chapter will cover key parts of operational procurement, including self-service
procurement, requirements processing in SAP S/4HANA, purchase order processing,
service purchasing and confirmation, as well as purchase order collaboration. Finally,
this chapter will close out with high-level configuration pointers and steps for these
areas. The next section looks to define operational procurement.

5.1 What Is Operational Procurement?

Operational procurement supports the day-to-day processes of an organization via tac-
tical procurement of services and materials, often by a casual user purchasing for a
department’s needs or even their own role-specific ones. For example, a casual user
may need to order a new laptop or IT equipment in order to perform their job. An office

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5 Operational Procurement
manager may need to order office supplies to keep an office stocked with paper, toner,
and other supplies. These types of purchases can be driven by various parts of the orga-
nization in high-frequency, low-value orders.
From the onset, the mismatch of a complex solution designed to support complex pur-
chasing for direct procurement and the casual, untrained user looking to conduct oper-
ational procurement was sure to cause issues. There is nothing inherently wrong with
having large amounts of detail in a Purchase Order or Requisitioning screen in a system
used for heavy-duty industrial manufacturing. Often, this level of functionality is quite
necessary—say, for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) activities with a supplier or for
complex items vital to the production process. But having complex, professional,
buyer- and engineer-centric screens makes purchasing for the casual user a bit more
cumbersome than optimal. Many of these screens can make it downright frustrating
for an untrained user trying to order mundane supply items like pens and paper, as
each field can issue a hard-to-understand warning message or hard-stop error, incor-
rect entries quickly negate the entire document’s validity, and multiple tabs and steps
have to be completed—all this for a simple order that costs perhaps $10. Using SAP
S/4HANA for this kind of procurement often is akin to having to use an airplane cockpit
and all of its controls to steer a bicycle. A casual user accustomed to sleek, online shop-
ping experiences will quickly tire of trying to navigate a corporate procurement system
designed to support direct procurement.
One approach to operational procurement is to take the process out of ERP systems.
Cloud solutions such as SAP Ariba Buying for SAP S/4HANA and on-premise solutions
such as SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SAP SRM) are examples of this
approach. This allows a system to mask all of the complexity and the procurement
options that aren’t applicable to a simple transaction, distilling for the user what is nec-
essary to find items and create orders with the fewest clicks, entries, and headaches
possible. This approach, especially in cloud-based applications, works very well for sim-
plifying the UX and allowing even the most casual and untrained user to find what he’s
looking for and order it without calls to the helpdesk or frustration. However, early in
the transaction, these operational procurement systems are already dependent upon
ERP, even if their UIs appear independent.
First, calls need to be made from the procurement system back to the “mothership”
ERP system to find out if the user is purchasing via a correct financial object in the
finance and controlling system. Finance has to support a number of functions in SAP
S/4HANA, so it can’t be moved into a standalone procurement solution without bring-
ing all the other dependent modules with it or leading to an expensive, “interface spa-
ghetti” scenario. The users themselves need to be managed in real time; terminated
employees can’t be allowed to continue to make purchases on behalf of a company or
government entity. For this, the purchasing system requires real-time updates from
the HR system or a user-management system that deactivates users throughout the
landscape immediately when they leave the company or government entity.
140
5.1 What Is Operational Procurement?
There also is the question of efficiency and avoiding unnecessary stock to consider.
What if the user is looking for an item already held and available in a company or gov-
ernment entity warehouse? If the operational procurement system and/or buyer can-
not check this prior to assigning a source of supply and issuing a PO, excess stock may
be purchased instead of consuming existing stock. Excess stock causes waste, ineffi-
ciency, and, most alarmingly for a business, expense. If checking for existing stock 5
needs to be a manual process step in a procurement system, buyers are focusing on per-
forming manual tasks that could be automated in an integrated system, rather than
strategic procurement activities that generate exponentially more savings and value for
the firm or government entity. These issues pose a conundrum for operational procure-
ment in SAP S/4HANA: running operational procurement directly in SAP S/4HANA can
be quite difficult for casual users and from an IT landscape perspective, but it’s also the
ideal place for procurement in many cases because all of the dependent modules and
integration topics are already covered.
The main stumbling block to operational procurement has always been usability and
UI issues, as well as transactional volumes. An ERP system supporting operational pro-
curement needs to be intuitive to use, minimize transaction steps while remaining
flexible and capable of handling a diverse set of transactions, support catalog content,
and support heavy volumes of low-dollar transactions, all while making the most of an
ERP system’s native integrations with associated modules. Incidentally, these are the
driving forces behind SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement’s embrace of opera-
tional procurement as a core ERP process. SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement
supports the operational purchaser across self-service requisitioning, requirement
processing, PO processing, service purchasing and entry, and PO collaboration.
Requisitions can be created directly by a user via a self-service procurement process or
from a system/business process occurring in a module in SAP S/4HANA, such as an
MRP run in which defined reorder points trigger the creation of a requisition—a bill of
materials (BOM)—that requires an additional item to be ordered as part of the materi-
als list or a project systems requirement generated from what’s called a network in proj-
ect systems. A network in project systems tells the user what tasks need to be
performed in sequence by a certain time. Automated procurement processes typically
used in the procurement of items needed in production, known as direct procurement,
will be discussed in Chapter 6. The focus in self-service requisitioning is on user-driven
requisitioning, which is more typically found in indirect procurement.
As illustrated in Figure 5.1, self-service procurement is part of the requisition-to-pay
process flow. The requisition is the first document in the procurement chain that even-
tually leads to a purchase order and/or contract, as well as follow-on documents, such
as order confirmations, advance shipping notifications (ASNs), goods/service receipts
(GRs), and invoices.
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5 Operational Procurement 5.2 Self-Service Procurement

trained users in a way that makes self-service procurement possible and even enjoyable.
Customer/Supplier Document Exchange
This is the goal of SAP S/4HANA with self-service procurement.
Supplier Advanced Shipping Goods/Services
Purchase Order Invoice
Confirmation Notification Receipt

Supplier Quote,
5.2 Self-Service Procurement
Catalog, Contract 5
In SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement, users can create a requisition and identify
Customer Only appropriate sources of supply via a consumer-grade UX—that is, a UX like that users
Requisition Approvals Sourcing Approvals would find in their personal online shopping experiences (see Figure 5.2). Self-service
requisitioning is completely supported with a UI built on SAP Fiori, with tiles and step
simplification to enable a completely different UX from that found in traditional ERP
Figure 5.1 Operational Procurement: Requisition-to-Pay Process Flow
requisitioning.

There are three main types of procurement conducted in operational procurement:

Purchase Purchase Service Augmented
stock, consumables, and external services. All of these types of procurement can be Operational
Order Order
Requirements Self-Service
Purchasing Decision Making
Purchasing Processing Requisitioning
used in other procurement scenarios. Stock procurement is typically used for direct Collaboration Processing and Entry (SAP BTP)

procurement activities, such as the ones discussed in the next chapter, but you can pur-
Figure 5.2 Self-Service Requisitioning in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement
chase and take into inventory items such as office supplies and equipment that qualify
as operational indirect items as well. Consumable items are directly in the wheelhouse
of operational procurement. A consumable item is typically an indirect item that is con- Requisitions are internal documents a corporation or government entity uses to lay
sumed and replenished on an ongoing basis, often by the consumers themselves. Pens, claim to a service or material—essentially, a formalized request for a supply or service.
paper, coffee for the office kitchen, and other types of consumables may be ordered by Requisitions can be created with or without a source of supply and with or without a
the office manager or directly by an employee who notices that the office needs more material master or service master number.
of a consumable good. Consumables often do not require a goods receipt or a valuated
goods receipt used primarily for inventory management processes and valuations, as
these consumable purchases are petty at an individual level. In aggregate, however,
consumable purchasing can be quite significant for an organization, and a level of
management in the system may thus be desirable, if not a necessity.
External services procurement is the procurement of services to be delivered by indi-
viduals or groups who are not employees of the organization, but only involved to
deliver that particular scope of work. These services can support the direct side of the
equation, but they can also comprise cleaning or gardening services for the grounds of
the office, for example, making these external services indirect. Although an office
manager may set up the purchasing documentation for external services relating to
the office, a project manager may need to directly set up the purchasing framework for
Figure 5.3 Shop on Behalf Requisition Functionality
consultants being hired to support a project.
The defining feature for operational procurement and for stock, consumable, and exter- There are a number of key innovations around simplification and speed for self-service
nal procurement is that these types of procurement do not necessarily require a trained, procurement in SAP S/4HANA. Most importantly, one-click ordering is the predomi-
dedicated buyer to initiate the requisition. The demand and consequent requesting in nant concept in this area, as personified in the new UI. The content search and dynamic
the system may come from the employee directly. When it does, this type of procure- filtering is built on SAP S/4HANA, allowing for vast performance improvements and
ment is squarely in the category of operational procurement, and it follows that the solu- usability over traditional ERP-based requisitioning. You can access catalog content like
tion provided in system to support this activity must support its untrained and barely a punchout catalog in the SAP Ariba Catalog area, a third-party punchout catalog, as

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5 Operational Procurement 5.2 Self-Service Procurement

well as catalog content loaded directly into SAP S/4HANA. Loading and indexing cata- item selected and supplier being used. Presumably, in a catalog item this has already
logs in SAP S/4HANA allows for cross-catalog search directly in system. Finally, there is been validated and the items featured in the catalog are compliant.
a catalog solution package created by SAP Consulting called the lean catalog, extending
the native catalog functionality further in SAP S/4HANA and building upon the inte-
gration advantages of catalogs maintained in SAP S/4HANA directly. You also have
shop on behalf flexibility, where a user can select from a group of users when creating a 5
requisition and order something on behalf of a colleague, as shown in Figure 5.3.
In the following sections, we’ll look at some of the functionality available for self-
service procurement.

5.2.1 Creating a Requisition or Shopping Cart in SAP S/4HANA

In Figure 5.4, the screen is simplified down to the bare essentials for creating a requisi-
tion. Either a user elects to use a catalog to find the item or, if the item isn’t found in a
catalog, the user can describe it. Note that the SAP Ariba Catalog solution can be embed-
ded in this view, creating a seamless catalog experience even when the user is punch-
ing out to a catalog area.
To create a requisition for an operational procurement item or service, a user logs into
the My Purchase Requisitions—New app, which deprecates the Create Purchase Requi-
sitions app as of SAP S/4HANA 2022, and types in the item in the search bar. If the
desired item doesn’t appear in the search results, the user can search using a different
term or create a descriptive item by selecting the Create Item option (see Figure 5.4). Figure 5.5 Lean Catalog Shopping

Once the user has selected or described an item, she is ready to order the items in the
shopping cart (see Figure 5.6).

Figure 5.4 SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement: Create Requisition App

You can also order hierarchical line items. These can be activated in SAP S/4HANA 2022
and later and allow for both material and service items to be set up in a hierarchical
manner. You can also order catalog items. Going into the lean catalog, you can select
from numerous items and categories as shown in Figure 5.5. Note that once the sup-
plier is assigned, the system can check automatically for trade compliance based on the Figure 5.6 Selecting Item in Create Purchase Requisition

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5 Operational Procurement 5.2 Self-Service Procurement

You can now order this item by clicking the Order button. After clicking Order, the user Group Customer
Company 1710 (Delivering Company) Company 1010 (Selling Company)
receives confirmation and a requisition number (see Figure 5.7).
Sales Purchase Sales Purchase
Order Order Order* Order

IC
IC Supplier Customer Supplier
Invoice Invoice Invoice Invoice

5
* SO2 is the leading object
Plant 1710 Transit Plant** 1010 in the following:
- Delivering plant
- Advanced ATP
GI from SIT 1710 GR to SIT 1010 GI from SIT - MRP
Outbound GI from SIT
Delivery 1010 1010 - Product compliance
Stock Transfer from 1710 to 1010
- Trade compliance
- Transportation manage-
ment
** Transit plant is used for
Physical Stock Stock in Transit Stock in Transit finance integration in the
selling company
Goods
Receipt

Figure 5.8 Advanced Intercompany Processing: Process Overview

Figure 5.7 Ordered Shopping Cart with Requisition Number

Note
This requisition creation process went from a multistep, data-entry-intense process in
SAP ERP to a couple of steps, with one data entry step to define the item required and
pointing to and clicking the corresponding item in the catalog in SAP S/4HANA—in
essence, achieving or exceeding parity with a consumer shopping experience online
(here, the user didn’t have to enter credit card information or define a shipping address).
5.2.2 Carbon Footprint Tracking
Many countries, and even states/regions, are beginning to demand carbon footprint
tracking and management from the organizations operating within its borders. Pro-
curement comprises the supply chain activities of an organization and is thus uniquely
suited to contribute in these efforts. Not only should an organization understand what
it is producing internally, but an organization also needs to understand the overall
impacts of its supply chain activities. SAP has released a number of tools for tracking
and, presumably, minimizing an organization’s carbon footprint, including SAP Sus-
tainability Footprint Management and SAP Product Carbon Footprint Analytics. These
solutions will be detailed further in Chapter 15.
5.2.3 Advanced Intercompany Sales
As of SAP S/4HANA 2022, advanced intercompany sales provides a shared view of pur-
chase and sales orders for two companies, automating the customer and supplier
invoice process and supporting valuated stock in transit as in Figure 5.8.
5.2.4 Confirmation and Return Delivery
After a PO has been issued to the supplier and the goods/services have been delivered
to the customer, a goods and/or services receipt often is required by the customer to
process an invoice. During the goods receipt process, the customer verifies whether the
correct goods/services have been delivered and whether the right quantity has been
delivered, and also defines the good for inventory management if flagging, such as per-
ishable/nonperishable, is required. As of SAP S/4HANA 2022, you also have OData APIs
available for connecting to external systems for goods receipts and confirmations.
To create a goods receipt entry that can be used for a three-way match with the PO and
invoice documents (see Figure 5.9), you need to reference the PO number on your
goods receipt. As of SAP S/4HANA 2022, there are two goods receipts apps in SAP
S/4HANA that have been deprecated/replaced:
쐍 Confirm Receipt of Goods (replaced by Confirm Receipt of Goods—New)
쐍 Post Goods Movement
Your options and apps for goods receipts now include the following:
1. Manage Purchase Orders app
You can create a confirmation directly in the Manage Purchase Orders app as shown
in Figure 5.9.
2. Post Goods Receipt for Purchase Order/Purchasing Document app
This app allows you post for goods receipts for standard POs, stock transfer orders
(STOs), and scheduling agreements (SAs). Additional functionality includes checking
to see if the goods referenced are still within their shelf life range, preventing accep-
tance of goods that have already expired, and the ability to create GRs referencing
vendor consignment stock.

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5 Operational Procurement 5.2 Self-Service Procurement

Figure 5.9 Post Goods Receipts for Purchasing Document Figure 5.10 Post Goods Receipt for Purchase Order

3. Post Goods Receipt for Inbound Delivery app Once a goods receipt is posted, you can click the material document number and
You can use this app to reference inbound deliveries in goods receipts, posting to review the general information, item, process flow and any attachments as in Figure
different cost centers where required to distribute costs at time of receipt. You can 5.11.
create and edit batches out using this app, allowing for batch management during
this step in the process. For subcontracting, this app also has an area for referencing
component information, as well as whether components exist for a referenced
material. A quantity change at the header level is cascaded proportionally down to
the item level.

Multiple goods receipts can be entered against a single PO or even a single line item.
This is typically done when items are being distributed among several plants and stor-
age locations or items are being received into different classifications, such as in a quar-
antine or quality review status.
The movement type is a three-character key in SAP used to differentiate between goods
movements, including transfer orders and issues between plants and storage locations.
The most prevalent movement type is 101, which is a basic goods receipt for a purchase
order. Movement types thus play an important role in inventory management and
automatic account determination/posting. Goods receipts can be both valuated, gen-
erating accounting documents and postings, or nonvaluated, merely confirming that
an item was received but not generating accounting documents/postings.
Goods receipts can be created in the Post Goods Receipt for Purchase Order—New app
by searching for the PO, selecting the goods/quantity received, defining the receipt
Figure 5.11 Goods Receipt Document
type, and then clicking Post, as shown in Figure 5.10.

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Valuated goods receipts are particularly relevant when purchasing assets, when depre- Return delivery can also be initiated directly in the Return Delivery app. Alternatively,
ciation runs in asset management sometimes can start the minute the good is taken you can reverse the entire goods receipt directly in the GR document itself as shown in
into receipt. Using a valuated goods receipt approach allows for finance to realize the Figure 5.13.
tax savings of depreciation in a more efficient manner, rather than waiting for the
invoice posting to occur. Valuation defaults are often set at the business partner level
or for the PO type. If valuation is required—that is, if the PO is flagged for valuated 5
goods receipt—then the goods receipt will generate an accounting document in addi-
tion to the material document (see Figure 5.12). Creation of a goods receipt can initiate
the following documents and updates in SAP S/4HANA:
쐍 Update of PO and PO history
The goods receipt updates both the open quantities in the PO and the PO History tab
with a Goods Receipt Document link.
쐍 Update of inventory and value
The goods receipt updates the stock quantities in inventory management areas, as
well as any changes in valuation of said stock.
쐍 Update of stock and consumption accounts
The goods receipt triggers accounting updates.
쐍 Notification of goods receipt to the supplier
You can send an (optional) notification to the person ordering and/or the supplier
Figure 5.13 Reverse Goods Receipt
upon goods receipt via the system.
쐍 Printing of a goods receipt slip The self-service requisitioning functionality supports return deliveries for employees
In some paper-oriented receiving operations, a further hard copy of the receipt is via the My Purchase Requisitions app, in which you select Return. It will then show you
required. the return reasons.
쐍 Transfer requirement sent to warehouse management
Self-service requisitioning in SAP S/4HANA provides an integrated UX for requesting,
If warehouse management is active, a goods receipt can also trigger a transfer
reviewing, receiving, and returning. If you lose the session during the transaction, a
request to move the newly received item into the warehouse.
draft of the document you were working on when you lost connectivity is created auto-
쐍 Quality inspection matically and retrieved automatically upon return. This proactive connectivity
If the item received first needs to be inspected, prior to being placed into general extends to other parts of the process in SAP S/4HANA as well. Instead of having to click
availability stock, a goods receipt can trigger these activities in quality management. the Refresh button on a list or grouping, SAP S/4HANA updates these dynamically.

Goods Movements
Goods Receipt Material Document 5.2.5 Shopping Cart versus Requisition-to-Pay and Migrating SAP SRM Shopping
Posting – Quantity Valuated?
Goods Issue
and Movement type
Carts
Transfer Posting
Yes Shopping carts are essentially requisitions with a more user-friendly name and, hope-
Procurement –
Materials Management Finance fully, UI. The term was first used at SAP for SAP SRM, but it’s now used in SAP S/4HANA
Controlling
requisitions, as outlined earlier. Any requisition processes that begin to rival a con-
Accounting Document –
Posting to Key Accounts sumer UX in their simplicity and usability will typically take the label shopping cart
(Stock +, GR/IR −, Price processes.
Difference)
We reviewed the shopping cart/requisitioning process in SAP S/4HANA in Section 5.2.1,
Figure 5.12 Goods Receipt: Document Postings but there’s also a shopping cart concept in SAP SRM. Much of SAP SRM’s shopping cart

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5 Operational Procurement
functionality and simplification has been replicated in SAP S/4HANA. Many SAP cus-
tomers are evaluating their SAP SRM implementations during the move to SAP
S/4HANA and finding this to be an opportune time to migrate from SAP SRM, given the
new, streamlined functionality available in the SAP S/4HANA core and in the SAP cloud
solutions available today, as well as in SAP Ariba Buying for SAP S/4HANA and SAP
Ariba Buying and Invoicing. This section covers the conversion process at a high level
from SAP SRM shopping carts to SAP S/4HANA.
SAP SRM functionality has been built out substantially in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and
Procurement for the self-service procurement scenario. In addition, running SAP SRM
in the one-client scenario embedded within SAP S/4HANA is not an option like it was
with SAP ERP. In a one-client SAP SRM scenario, your options for moving to SAP
S/4HANA are to reimplement SAP SRM and connect it to SAP S/4HANA either in the
classic or extended classic scenario (see Table 5.1). You can also reimplement in a stand-
alone scenario, but this isn’t typical if you already have finance running in SAP ERP.
SAP SRM Deployment Classic Extended Classic
Option
Multiple SAP backends Migration optional (restrictions apply) Migration optional
(restrictions apply)
Single SAP S/4HANA Migration optional Migration optional
backend (restrictions apply)
One client Migration (or reimplementation on differ- N/A
ent SAP SRM scenario, such as classic)
mandatory
Table 5.1 SAP SRM Deployment Scenarios and SAP S/4HANA
The other (recommended) option is to use this SAP S/4HANA transition to migrate
your SAP SRM users, processes, and open documents into SAP S/4HANA. SAP provides
informational SAP Note 225146 for this approach.
The first step is to complete your configuration and the setup of the self-service procure-
ment scenario in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement. Prior to shutting down your
SAP SRM environment, you would then run report BBP_SC_MIGRATE_TO_PR in SAP
SRM. You can migrate shopping carts prior to your system conversion to SAP S/4HANA,
during the conversion, or before and during the conversion. However, the shopping cart
migration report can be run multiple times as needed, so long as SAP SRM is still up and
running. This means that for a one-client SAP SRM scenario with SAP ERP, the report has
to run before the conversion because SAP SRM won’t be available once the conversion
begins. You can define which migration scenario you’ll use during system conversion
from SAP ERP/SAP SRM to SAP S/4HANA by using report BBP_MIGRATE_SCEN in SAP
SRM.
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5.2 Self-Service Procurement
After running the report, run follow-on report MMPUR_MIGR_EBAN in SAP S/4HANA.
After this step, you can access a former SAP SRM shopping cart in SAP S/4HANA as a
requisition in the self-service procurement process you have established in SAP
S/4HANA and process this item further. Associated purchase orders in SAP S/4HANA
also will have a linkage to the requisition created during the conversion of the shop-
ping cart. Any PO information that wasn’t transmitted to the SAP ERP being converted 5
to SAP S/4HANA by the time of conversion will be unavailable in the new environment.
Errors in processing shopping carts, for example, which failed to create a follow-on PO
in SAP ERP, won’t convert without the error being resolved first. These reports don’t
convert any of the SAP SRM workflows and customizations surrounding these shop-
ping carts, and there may be manual steps to perform once the conversion is complete
to process these shopping carts in SAP S/4HANA. Currently, these migration reports
and approaches only apply to shopping carts. Any documents created in SAP SRM such
as contracts, purchase orders, or receipts that haven’t been transferred to SAP ERP at
the time of conversion won’t migrate automatically to SAP S/4HANA during the con-
version. As with all conversions, the best approach is to close out as many open docu-
ments as possible prior to the conversion so as to convert the smallest number of open
documents possible.
5.2.6 Workflow
SAP S/4HANA offers individual approval workflow apps for various procurement
objects. These workflow apps rely on preconfigured release strategy procedures and
business workflows. However, SAP S/4HANA also offers a generic workflow inbox that
provides a holistic view across all workflow items. This inbox can be accessed in an
application directly or via a mobile app and filtered/sorted to prioritize workflow
items. Individual workflow items can be sorted and worked on in one screen while
viewing the queue (see Figure 5.14). The SAP S/4HANA workflow introduces the follow-
ing improvements from previous SAP ERP versions:
쐍 Execute all tasks in one screen
쐍 Keep work items list while processing a single work item
쐍 Mobile approval possible
쐍 Filter and sort list of work items
쐍 Edit requisitions during approval (as of SAP S/4HANA 1909)
As of SAP S/4HANA 1909, there is also a new app called Manage Workflow for Purchase
Requisitions. This app enables the user to simulate and create workflows for purchase
requisitions, as well as add deadlines and identify workflows that are past due. Figure
5.15 shows a new workflow being created in this app.
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Figure 5.14 Workflow Inbox in SAP S/4HANA
Figure 5.15 Manage Workflow for Purchase Requisitions: New Workflow
5.2.7 Machine Learning–Based Purchasing Functionality via SAP Business
Technology Platform
Machine learning has been described as a data-driven process of discovery, where
instead of forming a hypothesis and then examining the data to find supporting pat-
terns, a machine analyzes the data first and derives patterns and, ultimately, hypotheses
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5.2 Self-Service Procurement
from this data organically. One of the most exciting areas of innovation for SAP
S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement is driven by machine-learning capabilities in SAP
BTP. SAP BTP provides the “platform as a service” or PaaS infrastructure foundation to
keep your SAP S/4HANA digital core clean, while deploying additional functionality in
the landscape such as machine learning and artificial intelligence capabilities. The next
sections will detail these machine-learning capabilities in SAP S/4HANA, with further 5
configuration steps outlined in Section 5.7. Now we’ll discuss some of the key machine-
learning functionality supported by SAP BTP for SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procure-
ment via this approach:
쐍 Image-based buying
Image-based buying identifies related images in a catalog or multiple catalogs linked
via cross-catalog search to provide recommendations to the user of similar items
based on the current selection. For example, if the user searches for a particular part,
provided there is an image of this part, another similar or identical part can be dis-
played in the recommendations. At its most evolved, this functionality could allow
for a scan of an image to then locate similar items in the catalog, without the user
having to enter the metadata (name, description, etc.) in the search.
쐍 Intelligent approval workflow
An intelligent approval workflow analyzes approval pattern history for requisitions
based on price, source of supply, material group, approvers, value thresholds, and
other data points, identifying requisitions en masse, meaning the approver can
approve a group of suggested requisitions without individual review, and/or via
automated approval, whereby approvals occur without human intervention.
쐍 Predictive analytics for contract consumption in procurement
A purchaser can train a predictive model using this functionality to review purchase
orders, expiring contracts, historical purchasing data, and contract consumption
based on historical contract usage to derive a more accurate picture for advanced
planning and contract negotiations.
쐍 Proposal of new catalog item or material group
During creation of a free text item in a requisition, the system can propose a catalog
item and/or a material group based on previous system usage.
For any of these machine-learning features, you’ll need to configure connections to
SAP BTP and subscribe to the procurement assistant. This functionality also requires
SAP S/4HANA batch processes to load data into SAP BTP for analysis, with the insights
then being sent back to SAP S/4HANA via the procurement assistant functionality.
SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement also has several robotic process automations
(RPAs) available via SAP Intelligent RPA Store. RPAs provide prebuilt content to acceler-
ate the deployment of new functionality and automation of processes, detailed at https://
store.irpa.cfapps.eu10.hana.ondemand.com/#/explore/order=last-updated%2Cdesc/busi-
nesses=sourcing-and-procurement/search=S%252F4HANA. Specifically, RPAs for sourcing
and procurement comprise the following:
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 5 Operational Procurement 5.3 Requirements Processing in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement

쐍 Create Purchase Requisitions from Excel (48M) 쐍 Release Reminder Purchase Requisition
쐍 Aging Analysis of Supplier Invoices with Pay-when-Paid Terms (70H) 쐍 Manage Purchase Requisitions—Professional
쐍 Mass Creation of Purchase Orders (6VW) 쐍 Process Purchase Requisitions (see Figure 5.18)
쐍 Mass Confirmation of Purchase Orders (48K)
With the Automatic Creation of Purchase Orders from Requisitions app (see Figure
쐍 Mass Maintenance of Quality Info Records (6NX) 5.17), the buyer can begin converting sourced requisitions en masse to POs. 5
쐍 Mass Maintenance of Work Packages and Work Items for Projects (4J1)
쐍 Manage Catalog Items from Excel (529)
쐍 Upload Supplier Invoices from Email Attachments (4HZ)
쐍 Create Purchase Requisitions from Excel (48M)
쐍 Manage Source Lists from Excel (4TK)
쐍 Mass Creation of Business Partner (4MZ)
쐍 Business Partner Master Data Check (4FB)
쐍 Manage Purchasing Info Records from Excel (4W3)

5.3 Requirements Processing in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and

Procurement
Requirements processing (see Figure 5.16) refers to the buyer activity of sorting through
various requirements in need of adjustments and/or sources of supply. The main
thrust in most procurement organizations is to focus requirements-processing activi-
ties on the more strategic procurement items and to automate, using intuitive designs,
workflows, and catalog content, to create touchless, issue-ready purchase orders.
Figure 5.17 Automatic Creation of Purchase Orders from Requisitions
Purchase Purchase Service Augmented
Operational Requirements Self-Service
Purchasing
Order Order
Processing Requisitioning
Purchasing Decision After selecting various criteria (here, Per Company Code and Per Contract), the buyer
Collaboration Processing and Entry Making
then executes the job to create purchase orders from all the available and completed
Figure 5.16 Requirements Processing requisitions matching the chosen criteria.
Traditionally in SAP ERP, a buyer has to run a search using selection criteria, review the
Once a requisition is created, depending upon the workflow settings in the system, the list and manually check for sources, assign the supplier, and then move the order into
requisition either is sent for approval or, if under the workflow thresholds for a given a batch queue. The batch job is then run either at a set interval or manually to create an
value, can be converted directly to a PO. The requisition then goes into a buyer’s queue actual purchase order.
for sourcing if it contains a descriptive item or is converted to a PO directly by the The requirements processing area is streamlined in SAP S/4HANA to one screen, with
buyer or automatically via a batch process if it contains only catalog items. A buyer typ- prebuilt search criteria that pull in all requisitions. The options allow the buyer to
ically takes the order from here, using one of the following SAP S/4HANA apps to con- dynamically change the search criteria; generate proposed sources of supply automat-
vert the requisition to a PO: ically based on PIRs, source lists, or contracts/agreements; and then enter direct cre-
쐍 Automatic Creation of Purchase Orders from Requisition ation of the purchase order once the source of supply has been defined—all from one
쐍 Assign and Process Purchase Requisition screen, as shown in Figure 5.18.
쐍 Create Purchase Order via Purchase Requisition

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5 Operational Procurement 5.4 Purchase Order Processing

Figure 5.18 Process Purchase Requisitions

Figure 5.19 Purchase Requisition Line-Item Drill Down
Requirements processing in SAP S/4HANA has the following improvements compared
to previous versions of SAP ERP:
쐍 Dynamic search and filtering and automatic proposal of search help values
5.4 Purchase Order Processing
쐍 Ability to change search parameters easily in the same screen Traditionally, purchase order creation and processing in SAP ERP (see Figure 5.20)
쐍 Automatic proposal of available info records or agreements involves entering numerous data points in the purchase order form, checking the doc-
ument, identifying errors and further required data, tracking this missing data down,
쐍 Direct creation of purchase orders
entering it and then checking again, and finally, when the document shows no further
If a buyer wishes to drill into any particular requisition, simply clicking a link takes him error messages, ordering. Another approach is to convert a requisition or use an exist-
into the header of the requisition. Rather than inundating the user with a bunch of tabs ing purchase order as a template. Here too, any errors identified have to be researched
and tangential information, the revised screen focuses on the essentials of item, quan- and corrected prior to issuing the purchase order.
tity, price, material group, plant, and delivery date.
Purchase Purchase Service Augmented
If further information is required, the user can drill further into the line-item levels (see Operational Requirements Self-Service
Order Order Purchasing Decision
Purchasing Processing Requisitioning
Figure 5.19). Here, General Information, Quantity Date, Valuation, Account Assignment, Collaboration Processing and Entry Making

Source of Supply, Status, Contact Person, Notes, and Delivery Address links move you
down the page to the applicable information area without needing to open a new tab.
A buyer also has the option to create an additional purchase requisition in the Require-
ments Processing app. This allows a buyer to jump from the Requirements Processing
app to create a new requisition and then resume work in the Requirements Processing
app seamlessly.
Next, let’s discuss processing purchase orders directly in SAP S/4HANA.
Figure 5.20 Purchase Order Processing in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement
Purchase order processing in SAP S/4HANA has been updated: there’s now a central-
ized screen that allows for drilling down into further detail of items sequenced based
on data relevance, as well as automatic population of required fields based on the mate-
rials, suppliers, and templates selected. Possible field entries are also restricted in SAP
S/4HANA during the PO process. This reduces the time spent chasing down errors and
entering associated data and ultimately accelerates the timeline from initiation to
completion. As Figure 5.21 shows, the Create Purchase Order app in SAP S/4HANA
allows the user to focus on the important and mandatory fields in the purchase order

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5 Operational Procurement 5.5 Service Purchasing and Service Confirmation

while providing tabs for the more detailed areas of the document. The top part of the
screen provides the PO header information, the middle shows the items, and the bot-
tom shows the item details.
Other feature updates to the PO processing area of SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Pro-
curement include incoterms, short text change options, and attachments. Incoterms
refers to payment, delivery, and other terms that define when the obligation and risk
shift from supplier to customer during the transfer of goods/services. Incoterm speci-
fications are now available at both the header and the item level. This means that if one
item in a purchase order should require different incoterms than the rest, you can set 5
this at the item level. You can also change the short text for a PO, which was previously
not an option. Attachments to an SAP S/4HANA purchase order can be accessed from
all of the purchase order apps in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement.

5.5 Service Purchasing and Service Confirmation

Service purchasing and entry in Figure 5.23 doesn’t refer solely to SAP S/4HANA Sourcing
and Procurement functionality in this process. Although the user still has services pro-
curement capabilities similar to those used when purchasing a material in SAP S/4HANA
Sourcing and Procurement, there is also SAP Fieldglass integration. SAP Fieldglass is a
cloud-based vendor-management system (VMS) used to manage services procurement
and external workforce programs. For external service procurement and service-supplier
management, SAP Fieldglass invoices are integrated with SAP S/4HANA, and further inte-
Figure 5.21 Purchase Order Header
gration is to be offered in later releases.
Additional filter criteria are available in Procurement Overview, allowing for specifying
Purchase Purchase Service Augmented
the Purchasing Organization, Material, Material Group, Display Currency, Supplier, Pur- Operational
Order Order
Requirements Self-Service
Purchasing Decision
Purchasing Processing Requisitioning
chasing Category, and Purchasing Group as shown in Figure 5.22. Collaboration Processing and Entry Making

Figure 5.23 Service Purchasing and Entry

The service procurement capabilities within the SAP S/4HANA core include simplified
service procurement, with SAP Fiori apps for Service Entry Sheet and Service Confirma-
tion (Figure 5.24).

SAP S/4HANA
Ordering

*
Confirmation
*
Purchase Order
ShipNotice
*
Creation/Change
GoodsReceipt

SAP Business Network

Figure 5.22 Purchasing Overview with Filter Criteria Figure 5.24 Services Document Integration with SAP Business Network

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5 Operational Procurement
5.6 Purchase Order Collaboration
Upon creation of a PO, the PO can be issued to a supplier via SAP Business Network
and/or via EDI, email, or other transmission methods supported in SAP S/4HANA. Sup-
pliers often connect to SAP Business Network and use this as an integration layer to
receive their purchase orders directly into their systems via their EDI linkage, rather
than setting up a point-to-point EDI integration going out to the network to process
these orders.
As mentioned in Chapter 1, PO collaboration is not something that can be done ade-
quately in SAP ERP or even in SAP S/4HANA alone; an interaction between the supplier
and buyer needs to take place, and documents need to be exchanged without compro-
mising the security of the core SAP S/4HANA environment. Point-to-point solutions
such as supplier self-services suffer from the maintenance aspects and training/change
management required for the supplier base. The point-to-point model doesn’t scale
well, as each additional supplier represents additional calls and emails to the help desk,
all of which place the onus on the buyer’s organization. For a point-to-point solution to
be economical, it has to scale to encompass many suppliers and high document vol-
umes. This is where a network like SAP Business Network can take over the heavy lifting
aspects of infrastructure, supplier onboarding, and support and allow the buyer to
focus on the value-added activities within collaboration.
SAP Business Network is the main approach for true PO collaboration, as it allows the
supplier to receive and work with the purchase order, confirming items or proposing
changes to delivery dates and potential quantities. SAP S/4HANA provides out-of-the-
box integration with SAP Business Network. SAP Business Network handles well over
$5 trillion in annual transactions among millions of participants. Invoicing will be cov-
ered in Chapter 11, but for now note that PO collaboration is covered with this integra-
tion with SAP Business Network, as well via traditional processes of document
exchange such as email, fax, and EDI.
Note
SAP S/4HANA Cloud offers best practices for integration with SAP Business Network,
which differs slightly from the on-premise standard integration and includes more
documents from the invoice/payment part of the process. There are also further best
practice integration points with SAP Ariba Strategic Sourcing Suite, which will be
detailed further in Chapter 9.
This best practice approach for SAP S/4HANA Cloud integrations also includes invoice
documents from SAP Fieldglass.
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5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement
5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement
This section outlines the general configuration steps required to set up self-service
operational procurement processes in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement. As
discussed earlier, self-service procurement can be used for stock items, consumables,
and/or external services. For stock items and services, this same baseline configuration
5
for self-service procurement can support these scenarios to a degree. Stock items also
require a material master, which is discussed in more detail in Chapter 4 and Chapter 6.
5.7.1 Self-Service Procurement Requisitioning
As with all configuration guides, this section is to be used as a reference to support your
particular requirements and project. Prior to beginning configuration, you should
always ensure you have researched the latest configuration and version-level guidance
online and verified that you have met the requirements to begin configuration. Also,
note that traditional workflow, report, interface, conversion, enhancement, and form
(WRICEF) objects are beyond the scope of this configuration section and book in gen-
eral; these are project-specific and typically require some development to realize. For
the baseline configuration of the self-service procurement scenario, the steps are as fol-
lows in SAP S/4HANA:
1. Create employee data. For a user to access the appropriate areas of the organization
structure and system functionality for self-service procurement, you must first cre-
ate an employee record and assign it in the organization structure.
In SAP Human Capital Management for SAP S/4HANA, an employee record is com-
prised of infotypes, information units used to store specific employee master data.
To create an employee, use Transaction PA30. For procurement activities, Infotypes
0001 (organizational assignment) and 0105 (system user name and communication
information, such as email and address) are mandatory.
2. Create an assignment (position) for the employee in the organization structure via
Transaction PPOMA.
3. Assign a business partner to the position. BUP003 is the employee business partner
role.
4. Maintain attributes mandatory for procurement activities as per Table 5.2.
Mandatory Attributes Default Value
Document Type: Can be configured in customizing under IMG menu path BSART
Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Define Docu-
ment Types
Company Code BURKS
Table 5.2 Mandatory Procurement Activity Attributes
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5 Operational Procurement 5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement

Mandatory Attributes Default Value Sequence Name of Parameter Value of Parameter for Webservice
Number for Webservice
Cost Center COSTCENTER
40 Realm APCProduction-T
Catalog: Allows the employee to access predefined catalogs CATALOG
50 Full Name S4 HANA Catalog
Purchasing Organization EKORG
5
50 UniqueName S4HANA
Purchasing Group RESPPGRP
EmailAddress EMAIL ADDRESS
Account Assignment Category: Asset, Cost Center, Sales Order, Order, and KNTTP
Network are supported 60 DefaultCurrency USD

Material Group MATKL 70 UserLocate US

Currency WAERS 80 ModifyURL FALSE

Plant WERKS 90 User.Address.UniqueN OCI_DEFAULT

Table 5.2 Mandatory Procurement Activity Attributes (Cont.) 100 Hook_URL Return URL

Table 5.3 Webservice Configuration Values (Cont.)

Catalogs
Catalog options in SAP S/4HANA include punchout catalogs, in which a user clicks on SAP S/4HANA requires a hook URL to be maintained with the type set as Return URL. If
the catalog link and accesses a catalog outside of the SAP S/4HANA system, selects an you wish to keep some parameters secure from catalog vendors, you can leverage the
item or items, and then returns with the items to the shopping cart. There is also an MMPUR_OCI_PARAMETERS BAdI.
internal search bar within the SAP S/4HANA requisitioning app, which allows for
You can also maintain catalog web services via the Settings for Web Services app as of
searching for available internal catalog items within SAP S/4HANA. A user can also
SAP S/4HANA 2022 (see Figure 5.25).
search across catalog data in this search bar from multiple catalogs, provided the cata-
log data has been loaded in the SAP S/4HANA system. Finally, as referenced in previous
chapters, there is a consulting solution from the SAP Consulting delivery team called
the lean catalog, which enables a more extensive internal catalog.

Punchout Catalogs
To set up a punchout catalog, you need to configure the web service to access the cata-
log. To create a catalog link (webservice), go to Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷
Environment Data 폷 Web Services: ID and Description. For typical webservice configura-
tion values, see Table 5.3.

Sequence Name of Parameter Value of Parameter for Webservice

Number for Webservice

10 https://s1.ariba.com/Buyer/Main/ad/content-
Punchin/OCIPunchinDirectAction

20 PunchinId NAME/USER ID

30 PunchinPassword PASSWORD

Table 5.3 Webservice Configuration Values Figure 5.25 Settings for (Catalog) Webservices

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5 Operational Procurement 5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement

Internal Catalog Lean Catalog

To create and/or manage items in the internal catalog within SAP S/4HANA, go to the
Manage Catalog Items app, select Create, and enter the item data as shown in Figure
5.26.
The lean catalog is a consulting solution from SAP Consulting that provides the following:
쐍 A web application for product searches and selection
쐍 An editing cockpit for creating your catalog product range
쐍 Supplier material as a new business object to store supplier content
5
쐍 An import manager for importing catalog items from files delivered by your suppliers
쐍 A product relation tool to manage any kind of linkages between your SAP materials,
supplier materials, or a mixture of both

The lean catalog leverages Open Catalog Interface (OCI) or the cross-catalog search
capabilities in SAP S/4HANA, detailed in the next section, to allow for detailed search
and selection of catalog items. You can search for products using a keyword search, a
hierarchical search, or an advanced search as in Figure 5.28.

Figure 5.26 Manage Catalog Items

As in the new item screen in Figure 5.27, you can then enter detailed information on the
item, including organization structure and lead times, as well as reference an image.

Figure 5.28 Lean Catalog

Cross-Catalog Search
SAP S/4HANA now allows for cross-catalog search in the Search bar of the Create Requi-
sitions app without going into each individual catalog. If you plan to use this function-
ality, there are some setup steps required.
As prerequisites, verify that catalog data is available in OCI 5.0 format and that your cat-
alog suppliers can provide this as a JSON file or through an HTTP service. Catalogs and
Figure 5.27 Create Catalog Item their corresponding web service IDs, as well as content management services (CMSs;
for loading images and attachments), must be set up and configured in the system.

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5 Operational Procurement
To set up cross-catalog search, complete the following steps:
1. Replicate catalog data and any required material master data to materials manage-
ment staging tables.
2. Index the data for cross-catalog search.
3. Define number ranges for catalog items by entering “01” as the catalog item number
range. Follow IMG menu path Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requi-
sition 폷 Self Service Procurement 폷 Define Number Ranges for Catalog Items.
4. Enter a number range for search items. Follow IMG menu path Materials Manage-
ment 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Self-Service Procurement 폷 Define Number
Ranges for Search Items. Enter “01” as the attachment key number range for
MMPUR_ATT.
5. Maintain a common Currency to enable a price filter on items. Follow IMG menu
path Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Self Service Pro-
curement 폷 Define Settings for Cross Catalog Search as per Figure 5.29.
Figure 5.29 Cross-Catalog Search Settings
Note
After the data is extracted, if you change this setting to another common currency,
you’ll need to reindex and run program MM_PUR_CTLG_EXT_COM_CUR_UPD. Also, if
you elect to hide the search bar, you will prevent users from accessing the internal SAP
S/4HANA catalog in the Create Requisition App as they will not be able to search.
6. If you’ve enabled catalogs using OCI 4.0, you’ll have to activate the OCI_CATALOG ICF
service using Transaction SICF. To do so, first select menu option Service 폷 Host, then
select Activate Service. Second, ensure that every node path is set to active in /SAP/
BC/REST/SAP/OCI_CATALOG. For more information, check SAP Note 2376996.
7. Maintain additional attributes for catalogs. You can control whether a catalog is vis-
ible and whether it is used for OCI 5.0 extraction by following IMG menu path Mate-
rials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Self-Service Procurement 폷
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5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement
Define Additional Attributes for Product Catalog Categories. Enter a webservice and
maintain the attributes. Select the Don’t Show checkbox if you don’t wish to display
the catalog. Select the OCI Extraction checkbox if you want to import data from this
catalog using the catalog data import (see Figure 5.30).
5
Figure 5.30 Maintaining Catalog Attributes for Display and OCI Extraction
8. Indexing and embedded search configuration is typically conducted by a technical
resource with Basis-level access to the system. Embedded search in SAP S/4HANA
Sourcing and Procurement leverages SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Search, a search
solution providing unified and secure real-time access to enterprise data and data
from within and outside of an organization. SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Search
returns data from SAP systems and other search providers and allows direct access
to the associated applications and actions. Embedded search is the enterprise search
component for SAP NetWeaver Application Server (AS) ABAP and serves as the
search platform using the SAP HANA engine, connecting via RFC destinations, URLs,
and/or repository addresses to outside search providers and data sources. Refer to
SAP Note 1164979 and help.sap.com for configuration guidelines. For self-service req-
uisitioning, SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Search includes business templates and
indexes via search object connectors to enable search and access of both supplier
catalogs and material master data from materials management.
9. For search templates, the SAP S/4HANA administrator needs to create one search
template for each business connector, which then delivers the result data in a pre-
defined form as per the attributes in the template. These templates are not delivered
by default in an SAP S/4HANA environment and require activation on the admin’s
part. You can mass-activate search templates using Transaction ESH_COCKPIT. To
do so, select Switch to Modeler and go to the software component MM-PUR-REQ.
Under this component you will find the templates listed in Table 5.4.
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5 Operational Procurement 5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement

Figure 5.31 shows the steps involved in preparing data for cross-catalog search.
Search Template Description

MM_PUR_CTLG_SRH Search results model (catalog item data)

Catalog Providers – JSON File Import Data into Index Catalog
MM_PUR_CTLG_ATTCH Images and attachments OCI Compliant HTTPS Staging Database Data
web service
MM_PUR_CTLG_ATTRB Attributes
5
MM_PUR_CTLG_CUST_FLD Customer fields
Materials Management Report Import Data into Index Catalog
MM_PUR_CTLG_PRC_CON Converted price data (prices in different exchange rates) Material Master Data Staging Database Data

MM_PUR_CTLG_SRCHTRM Search terms

Figure 5.31 Preparation for Cross-Catalog Search in SAP S/4HANA
Table 5.4 Search Templates in MM-PUR-REQ
OCI data maintained by catalog providers can be imported as a JSON file or HTTPS web-
10. Select a search template, then click the Create Connector button and the search service, while material master data can be extracted using reports. Starting with OCI
object connector will be created. 5.0, multiple customer fields are supported for import. You can maintain the customer
fields in INCLUDE structure MMPUR_CA_INCL_CAT_ITM of table MMPUR_CAT_ITM.
Cross-catalog search is enabled in SAP S/4HANA by importing and syndicating data
The CMS must be configured to extract and store images in an SAP S/4HANA catalog
from catalog items and material masters into a single repository of SAP S/4HANA
scenario. This is cross-client configuration and requires appropriate authorization. The
tables for search, indexing the data, and then leveraging embedded search APIs to drive
content management repository is MMPUR_CAT_CONTENT and the contents are maintained
the item search queries. For more information on the tables, see package VDM_MM_
in table MMPUR_CAT_CNTNT. Follow these steps to maintain a physical storage path and the
PUR_CATALOG. Table 5.5 lists the associated key tables.
HTTPS requirement for loading images:
Table Description 1. Follow IMG menu path SAP NetWeaver 폷 Knowledge Management 폷 Settings in
MMPUR_CAT_ITM Main data for catalog items Knowledge Warehouse System 폷 Content Management Service 폷 Define Content
Repositories.
MMPUR_CAT_PRCONV Price converted to common currency
2. In the Content Repository field, select MMPUR_CAT_CONTENT and click Edit.
MMPUR_CAT_LNGTXT Long text 3. In the Phys. Path field, enter the physical path determined for storing the files in
MMPUR_CAT_DSCTXT Description your system landscape, then select the HTTPS requirement in the fields for both the
frontend and backend.
MMPUR_CAT_PRCSCL Price scales
4. The ABAP server or other servers hosting images need to be configured in the web
MMPUR_CAT_ITM_SRH Search items description dispatcher. The system administrator needs to configure the system in such a way
MMPUR_CAT_MGPTXT Material group text
that any URL containing the term imageloader should be redirected to where the
images are loaded. For importing OCI 5.0-compliant catalogs via JSON or a report/
MMPUR_CAT_ATMAIN Attachments main webservice approach, you must have the MMPUR_CAT_CONTENT_MGMT role
MMPUR_CAT_ATTCHM Attachments assigned.

MMPUR_CAT_ATTHMB Thumbnail attachment

Import JSON File
MMPUR_CAT_ATHTXT Attachment text To import a file via JSON, follow these steps:
MMPUR_CAT_ATTRB Attributes for catalog items 1. Add the catalog webservice ID or existing catalog webservice ID and select Import
Action Applicable File. In the Import File/URL field, provide the path of the file to be
Table 5.5 MMPUR_CAT Tables
imported. Select the Import Image checkbox if images are to be imported. In the

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5 Operational Procurement 5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement

Image Folder field, enter the path for the folder containing images. Click the Sched-
Importing Type Value of Indicator Remarks
ule Job button.
Delta load Reschedule Delta: ON Use when you want to change data or add ad-
2. Define the start time for the load to begin, then execute it.
ditional items to an already imported catalog.

Import Catalog via Webservice Table 5.6 Reschedule Delta Indicators (Cont.)
To import a catalog via a webservice, follow these steps: 5
6. Table 5.7 contains some user-exit BAdI options to support meeting requirements
1. Enter Transaction MMPUR_CAT_EXT or the Schedule Import of Catalog Data app
outside of the standard content-management capabilities in SAP S/4HANA.
and click Add a New Job as in Figure 5.32. A new job screen appears.
2. Add the catalog webservice ID or existing catalog webservice ID and select Import SAP S/4HANA BAdI (Enhancement) Description
Action Applicable HTTP/HTTPS. Provide the URL, User Name, and Password to be
MMPUR_CATALOG_ENRICH_DATA The ENRICH_ITEM_DATA enhancement spot provides
imported. You can also provide a transaction ID and requested page if you want to
access to catalog item data, search terms, attributes,
resume a stalled transaction. price scales, images, and customer fields.
3. Select the Import Image checkbox if you want to import images, and provide the
MM_PUR_CTLG_BDI_SRH Influence search behavior using this BAdI. Standard
folder path to the folder containing the images. If using a proxy server, BAdI MMPUR_
search behavior searches more relevant columns first
CAT_PROXY_INFO needs to be implemented. and then organizes these in the results.
4. Click the Schedule Job button. Define the start time for the load to begin and execute it.
MMPUR_CATALOG_ENRICH_DATA The MMPUR_CATALOG_TRANSFER enhancement spot
allows items selected in a catalog to be enriched when
transferring to the user’s requisition in SAP S/4HANA
Sourcing and Procurement.

MMPUR_CAT_PROXY_INFO You can use the MM_PUR_CAT_PROXY_INFO enhance-

ment spot to specify proxy server settings to access the
internet.

MMPUR_CAT_CLL_ENRICH You can use the MMPUR_CAT_CLL_ENRICH enhancement

spot to transfer additional parameters to a webervice,
such as a product catalog or a vendor list.

BD_MMPUR_REQ_APPR_PRV You can use the ES_MMPUR_REQ_APPR_PRV enhance-

ment spot to modify the approver data, such as display-
ing the approver name on the user interface of the My
Purchase Requisition app.
Figure 5.32 Catalog Importer
Table 5.7 Available BAdIs for Influencing Purchasing in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and
5. Select the Reschedule Delta indicator for activating a delta import. The indicators are Procurement
described further in Table 5.6.
5.7.2 Machine Learning–Based Procurement Functionality
Importing Type Value of Indicator Remarks
Machine learning (ML) uses customer-specific history to build/train a model and make
Full or initial load Reschedule Delta: OFF Use when you’re importing data into a catalog
predictive recommendations and decisions. In SAP S/4HANA, there are two types of
the first time. All catalog items are added to
machine learning capabilities available: embedded ML and side-by-side machine learning.
tables.
Embedded ML uses SAP Analytics Cloud and classic algorithms such as clustering, classifi-
Table 5.6 Reschedule Delta Indicators cation, and regression to drive output. Embedded ML is not run as a sidecar approach in
SAP S/4HANA as the computing requirements are lower than in side-by-side ML.

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5 Operational Procurement 5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement

Side-by-side ML is used for more complex scenarios and deep learning for image and Scenario Scenario Name Functionality Type ISLM Scenario
language application, which require larger amounts of computing power. Side-by-side
Quantity QTY_CON- This scenario calcu- ISLM
ML applications are run on SAP BTP. Much of this functionality used to be run in con-
contract TRACT_CNS- lates the predicted
junction with SAP Leonardo, a platform that was deprecated in June 2020. Since then,
consumption MPN consumption date for
many of the ML applications have been embedded in SAP S/4HANA or based on SAP a contract in order to
BTP, depending on their computing requirements and load. avoid stockouts and 5
Machine learning apps and functionality available in SAP S/4HANA split along whether rushed renegotia-
tions due to expired
they are embedded or sidecar, and whether they leverage SAP Predictive Analytics inte-
contracts.
grator 2.0, now called Intelligent Scenario Lifecycle Management (ISLM). ISLM provides
a unified interface for the consumption of ML. ISLM and non-ISLM procurement sce- Reduce off- ML algorithms are Side by side Non-ISLM
narios are listed in Table 5.8. contract spend used for the proposal
of options for materi-
Scenario Scenario Name Functionality Type ISLM Scenario als without purchase
contracts to reduce
Predictive MMIV_INVC_ In case of blocked in- Embedded ISLM the off-contract
scenario for QTY_BLCK voice items that are spend.
blocked invoices relevant for a cash
with quantity discount, the system Material group In this scenario using Side by side Non-ISLM
variance predicts in the pay- proposal machine learning al-
ment block section. gorithms, free text
Based on data records data of the purchase
of past goods receipts orders is trained to
from the supplier, the predict the group
system indicates code for a material. It
whether the goods re- helps the purchaser
ceipt can probably be to select from the
expected. proposed material
group while creating
Consumption MMSLO_CON- Activating this sce- ISLM purchase requisitions
data for slow- or SUMPTION_02 nario allows the sys- or purchase.
nonmoving tem to use historical
materials data to calculate a Catalog item In this scenario using Side by side Non-ISLM
predicted future con- proposal machine learning for
sumption value over proposing the cre-
the next three ation of catalog
months for slow- items, SAP S/4HANA
moving stock. will help procure-
ment organizations in
Stock level data MMSLO_ Activating this sce- ISLM a significant way to
for slow- or STOCK_LEVEL_ nario allows the sys- reduce their free text
nonmoving 02 tem using historical orders and therefore
materials data to calculate a their process costs.
predicted future stock
value over the next Table 5.8 ISLM and Non-ISLM Machine Learning Procurement Scenarios (Cont.)
three months for
slow-moving stock.

Table 5.8 ISLM and Non-ISLM Machine Learning Procurement Scenarios

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5 Operational Procurement 5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement

Scenario Scenario Name Functionality Type ISLM Scenario

The first step in setting up machine-learning functionalities is establishing a connec-
tion to SAP BTP.
Intelligent An ML scenario is Side by side Non-ISLM
approval of used to analyze the
purchase approval pattern his- Image-Based Buying
requisitions tory for the purchase Complete the setup steps for scope item Schedule Export of Catalog Item Images for
requisitions based on Machine Learning (3UH) and activate the SAP Intelligent Insights for Procurement Inte- 5
price, source of sup- gration communication scenario, SAP_COM_1054. Next, log into the SAP S/4HANA
ply, material group,
Configuration GUI and go to SPRO 폷 Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Self-Service
approvers, attach-
Procurement 폷 Define Machine Learning Scenarios and then follow these steps:
ments, and so on, and
provide recommen- 1. Choose New Entries, select Image-Based Buying, and ensure the Activate the Sce-
dations for a mass au- nario checkbox is checked. Save your changes.
tomated approval.
2. Next, map the RFC destination to the machine-learning scenarios by entering Trans-
Images-based In this scenario, ma- Side by side action SM30 in SAP S/4HANA. Choose table view MMPUR_MLFND_CNF and add the entry
purchasing chine learning algo- as follows:
rithms are used to learn
the required features
– Outbound Service ID: Image-based buying
and propose images of – Activate: Yes
the catalog items for – RFC Destination: Enter the RFC destination created in the previous steps
creating a new pur-
chase requisition. 3. Choose Save.

Supplier This scenario includes Embedded ISLM Next, make the search bar available in the cross-catalog search settings by following
delivery predicting the PO de- SPRO 폷 Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requsition 폷 Define Cross Catalog
prediction livery date for pur- Search and unchecking the checkbox for Hide Cross Catalog Search Bar.
chase order items.
Finally, schedule the job to upload data for machine learning.
With this informa-
tion, you get a fore- Next, schedule the jobs to upload/export data to SAP BTP, ensuring the user running
cast based on your the job has authorization SAP_BR_BPC_EXPERT:
company’s empirical
data if a goods receipt 1. Log into your SAP S/4HANA web UI.
can be successfully 2. Choose the Schedule Export of Catalog Item Images for Machine Learning app tile
completed in time. under Job Scheduling for Purchasing.
Contract This scenario includes Embedded ISLM 3. Choose New. Under Job Template, choose Training Data for Image-Based Buying,
consumption a prediction of the and select the corresponding catalog containing these images. Enable fine-tuning if
contract consumption the catalog has clean data for training.
date to minimize or
eliminate production
4. Set Start Immediately in Scheduling Options according to your requirements.
delays due to stock- 5. Choose Schedule.
outs from expired 6. Monitor the application log on the Application Jobs page to check the status of the
contracts. Also pro-
training job.
vides real-time data
analysis with drill- For more on setting up and tuning this functionality, review the SAP Best Practices at
down capabilities.
https://s-prs.co/500324.
Table 5.8 ISLM and Non-ISLM Machine Learning Procurement Scenarios (Cont.)

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5 Operational Procurement 5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement

Intelligent Approval Workflow STRATEGY and SAP_BR_BUYER authorizations assigned. Once you have activated the pre-
In these steps, you activate the intelligent approval workflow: dictive model, you will need to schedule the SAP_MM_PUR_PAI_CTR_CONSUMP job to con-
sume the predictions in the frontend app in SAP S/4HANA 1909. In cloud versions with
1. Follow SPRO 폷 Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Flexible
this functionality, this SAP_MM_PUR_PAI_CTR_CONSUMP job runs weekly and does not
Workflow 폷 Activate Intelligent Approval of Purchase Requisitions.
require scheduling.
2. In Machine Learning Configurations, select Change View then New Entries. Choose Sce-
For more on setting up and tuning this functionality, review the SAP Best Practices at 5
nario 1 Intelligent Approval for Purchase Requisitions and enter the values as follows:
https://s-prs.co/500327.
– Activate: Yes
– Number of Attempts: 3
Proposal of New Catalog Item or Material Group
– Calculation Currency: Your preferred currency or USD
SAP S/4HANA will also make recommendations for adding items to the catalog based
Next, map the RFC destination to the machine-learning scenarios by following path on ordering trends in the system. If an item is ordered repeatedly as a free text item,
SPRO 폷 Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Intelligent Insights for Procurement. Select you will see a recommendation in the Manage Catalog Item Recommendations app to
Edit to change the Maintain RFC Destination for Machine Learning Services details create a catalog item for this order. Follow path SPRO 폷 Materials Management 폷 Pur-
screen. Add the values as follows: chasing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Self-Service Procurement 폷 Define Machine Learning
Scenarios to reach the screen shown in Figure 5.33.
쐍 Outbound Service ID: Intelligent approval for purchase requisition
쐍 Activate: Yes
쐍 RFC Destination: Enter the RFC destination created in the previous steps

Next, schedule the jobs to upload/export data to SAP BTP, ensuring the user running
the job has authorization SAP_BR_BPC_EXPERT:
1. Log into your SAP S/4HANA web UI.
2. Choose the Schedule Transfer of Purchase Requisitions for Intelligent Approval app
tile under Job Scheduling for Purchasing.
Figure 5.33 Define Machine Learning Scenarios
3. Choose New. Under Job Template, choose Upload Records for Purchase Requisition
Intelligent Approval.
Here you can activate either recommendations by item or by material group, or both,
4. Set Start Immediately in Scheduling Options according to your requirements. by clicking New Entries and maintaining threshold hits, training data period (in
5. Choose Schedule. days), and supplier ranking limit, and then checking the Activate checkbox, as shown
6. Monitor the application log on the Application Jobs page to check the status of the in Figure 5.34.
training job.

Create a second job for Upload Records (Failed during Inference) for PR Intelligent
Approval. If you encounter issues during configuration, you can create a ticket refer-
encing component MM-FIO-PUR-REL.
For more on setting up and tuning this functionality, review the SAP Best Practices at
https://s-prs.co/500326.

Predictive Analytics for Contract Consumption in Procurement

In this machine-learning functionality, the setup steps are different from the others.
An analytics specialist conducts the predictive model training leveraging the Quantity
Contract Consumption app (F2012), with either the SAP_BR_BUYER or the SAP_MM_BC_PUR_ Figure 5.34 Image-Based Buying Details

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5 Operational Procurement
After activating these scenarios in SAP S/4HANA and having Basis create and configure
an OAuth 2.0 client, you need to schedule jobs to export the data and train the model.
To schedule the export job, use the following steps:
1. Log into your SAP S/4HANA system web UI.
2. Search for the Schedule Export of Purchase Orders tile as in Figure 5.35.
Figure 5.35 Schedule Export of Purchase Documents
3. Choose Create.
4. Under Job Template, choose the Training Data for Free Text template as in Figure
5.36.
5. Set Start Immediately in Scheduling Options according to your requirements.
6. You can choose Define Recurrence Pattern if you want to schedule the job frequency.
7. Enter a Company Code and Plant.
8. Choose a Schedule.
9. Monitor the background job on the Application Jobs page.
Figure 5.36 Training Data for Free Text
Next, schedule job SAP_MM_REDUCE_FTXT_ML_JOB_STATUS using Transaction SM36 in SAP
GUI to update the status of the training job training the model executed in SAP S/4HANA.
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5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement
Finally, have your security team assign standard template PROC_CATALOGITEMPRO-
POSAL to the designated procurement users who will access the functionality.
For more on setting up and tuning this functionality, review the SAP Best Practices at
https://s-prs.co/500328.
5
5.7.3 Requirements Processing
To set up requisitions for requirements processing, you will need to set up the docu-
ment type(s) and number range(s). First, you will need to define number ranges to
which to tie the document types by following SPRO 폷 Materials Management 폷 Purchas-
ing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Define Number Ranges as in Figure 5.37.
Figure 5.37 Define Number Ranges
After maintaining your number range, or multiple number ranges if you intend to
have multiple types of requisitions, maintain the requisition document types by fol-
lowing SPRO 폷 Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Define Doc-
ument Types as shown in Figure 5.38.
Figure 5.38 Define Requisition Document Types
In this transaction, you maintain the document type and assign it to a number range,
as well as define whether the requisition doc type is an external one (originating from
outside the SAP S/4HANA system—in SAP Ariba, say) or an internally generated requi-
sition, created directly in SAP S/4HANA.
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5 Operational Procurement
5.7.4 Purchase Order Processing
Similar to requisition configuration, in order to create and process purchase orders,
you must maintain the number ranges and document types by following SPRO 폷 Mate-
rials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Order 폷 Define Number Ranges and SPRO 폷
Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Requisition 폷 Define Document Types.
There are several additional configuration options available, such as tolerance defini-
tion for price variance. Here you can set thresholds for price variance by following
SPRO 폷 Materials Management 폷 Purchasing 폷 Purchase Order 폷 Set Tolerance Limits for
Price Variance, as in Figure 5.39.
Figure 5.39 Setting PO Tolerance Limits for Price Variance
Note that the tolerance settings are typically made at the company code level and
include both a lower and an upper limit.
5.7.5 Purchase Order Collaboration
Purchase order collaboration, whereby the supplier logs into a supplier portal, reviews
the purchase order, confirms the order, and moves on to processing/delivering the
requested quantities, is facilitated via SAP Business Network. For SAP S/4HANA opera-
tional procurement integration with SAP Ariba, the main applicable scenario is the
natively supported purchase order/invoice integration with SAP Business Network.
There are a number of resources available to support you with the install and deploy-
ment of this integration for SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public and private editions.
The integration is native within SAP S/4HANA and can be established using guided configu-
ration within SAP Activate or via the SAP Ariba account settings. While the SAP Best Practice
Explorer was deprecated, some of these best practices are available at https://content-discov-
ery.int.sap/serv-supp-l1. The building block to implement for the self-service procurement
scenario in SAP S/4HANA is the Automation of Source to Pay with the Ariba Network—42K,
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5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement
which is further described at http://s-prs.co/v500334. This building block allows you to do
the following:
쐍 Electronically transmit approved purchase orders to your suppliers via SAP Business
Network for Procurement.
쐍 Allow your suppliers to confirm orders automatically.
5
쐍 Convert digital ASNs sent by your suppliers electronically to SAP Business Network
into inbound deliveries in SAP S/4HANA.
쐍 Automatically transmit goods receipt to suppliers in SAP Business Network for Pro-
curement.
쐍 Allow your suppliers to submit invoices, receive status updates, and receive pay-
ment advices electronically in SAP Business Network.
쐍 Trigger payment runs upon receipt of supplier invoices in SAP S/4HANA accounts
payable.
쐍 The Business Network Configuration Guide for Automation of Source-to-Pay with
Ariba Network (42K) provides configuration of logon credentials to SAP Business
Network and mapping of org structure elements such as company codes to SAP
Business Network IDs.
Once you’ve configured the logon credentials and mappings from SAP S/4HANA to your
SAP Business Network via Best Practice 42K (which is replacing J81) subscription, you’ll
invite and (in the event that they aren’t already transacting on the network) onboard
your suppliers in SAP Business Network to begin transacting in your SAP S/4HANA
instance. SAP provides a dedicated supplier onboarding team to support this process.
All integrations with SAP Business Network, whether SAP S/4HANA Cloud, private edi-
tion or SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition, leverage guided configuration, best prac-
tices, and SAP Activate to support the solution. For SAP S/4HANA Public Cloud, the
solution approach uses native direct web services for integrating to and from SAP Busi-
ness Network. The 42K building block materials include the following:
쐍 A process model, outlining the process between SAP S/4HANA Cloud and SAP Busi-
ness Network
쐍 A test script, for validation for integration implementation
쐍 A configuration guide, for step-by-step instructions on implementation
5.7.6 SAP SuccessFactors
SAP SuccessFactors integration with both SAP S/4HANA and SAP S/4HANA Cloud has a
similar integration framework and approach as that for SAP Ariba, based on predefined
integration scenarios that you evaluate, activate, and deploy in your environment.
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5 Operational Procurement 5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement

SAP S/4HANA Integration with SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central package 1FD, Employee Integration—S/4HANA Enablement. The required efforts are
SAP S/4HANA integrates with SAP SuccessFactors by leveraging predefined configura- slightly more varied, and therefore involved, than with the SAP Business Network pack-
tion and integration scenarios (see Figure 5.40). This integration is webservice-based ages. Upon completion of the integration, an employee from SAP SuccessFactors is
and can be scheduled as a middleware job. realized as a business partner in SAP S/4HANA. Data from SAP SuccessFactors can be
used to populate the employee data in SAP S/4HANA, such as the following:
쐍 Basic employee information (person, name, employee) 5
쐍 Communication information, such as email, phone, and fax
SAP SuccessFactors
SAP S/4HANA SAP Integration Suite 쐍 Payment information with payment method and bank account
Employee Central
쐍 Employee status
Enter cost center
Assign cost center to 쐍 Employment percentage
Cost center transfer Cost center transfer employee 쐍 Working hours per week
쐍 Job title
Employee transfer Employee transfer
쐍 Job information, business unit, division, and department
Run business processes Organizational transfer Organizational transfer 쐍 Cost center assignment

As with on-premise SAP S/4HANA integrations, from a process standpoint, you first
Figure 5.40 Integrating SAP S/4HANA with SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central establish or identify the cost center in SAP S/4HANA, public edition, then transfer this
cost center to SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central and assign an employee, and then
The manual process entails creating or identifying a cost center first in SAP S/4HANA. transfer the employee record back over to SAP S/4HANA (see Figure 5.41). The transfer
This is a manual step. The cost center is then transferred to SAP SuccessFactors and processes are automated process steps, whereas the cost center assignment is manual.
assigned to the employee. The employee and/or organizational data is transferred back
to SAP S/4HANA automatically via batch processing. The configuration is available at
https://rapid.sap.com/bp/#/RDS_EC_S4. This includes overview documentation, scope
documentation, and the following accelerators:
SAP S/4HANA SAP SuccessFactors
Cloud SAP Integration Suite Employee Central
쐍 A sales supplement, an overview of the package and business value
쐍 A customer presentation, slides on the scope of integration Enter cost center
쐍 A demo script, for communicating the scope and functionality Assign cost center to
Cost center transfer Cost center transfer employee
쐍 A delivery supplement, providing important information about the delivery of the
solution Create business partner,
Employee transfer Employee transfer
vendor, user
쐍 Service and one-page slides, slides defining the solution and scope (one-pagers)
쐍 Software and delivery requirements, a list of prerequisites for the deployment of the Run processes using
employees as business
solution partner or vendor
쐍 The solution scope and scope documents
쐍 A project schedule, a schedule for the project including roles/skills required Figure 5.41 Integrating SAP S/4HANA Cloud, Public Edition with SAP SuccessFactors Employee
쐍 SAP Notes, providing additional documentation for package and implementation Central

As of SAP S/4HANA 2022, the SAP Migration Cockpit app allows you to upload employee
SAP S/4HANA Cloud Integration with SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central
and organizational data from SAP ERP and non-SAP systems into SAP S/4HANA Cloud,
SAP SuccessFactors can also integrate with SAP S/4HANA Cloud using the same
approach of best practices, building blocks, and SAP Activate contained in Best Practice

184 185
5 Operational Procurement

private edition via a file upload using a staging approach. For SAP systems, you can also
use a direct import approach.
More on SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central integration building blocks and integra-
tion information is available in Best Practice 1FD, where you’ll find the latest integra-
tion information, as well as the following:
쐍 A process diagram that outlines the integration approach
쐍 A test script for verification of implementation
쐍 Process model BPMN2

5.8 Summary
Operational procurement has been updated in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procure-
ment, both at the UI level with the SAP Fiori app–based approach for key transactions
and views, and in terms of internal catalog functionality. More recently, additional
machine learning and generative artificial intelligence functionality has been added.
Although many of the core requisitioning transactions are simplified for the casual
user, SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement retains some of the old favorites for PO
creation in the advanced options of the apps to support complex ordering processes
created by professional buyers with multiple data points and references. Many of these
processes and options are required by direct procurement for its types of purchase
orders. Now, the next chapter will dive deeper into automated and direct procurement
topics.

186
Contents

Foreword .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 23

1 Introduction to Sourcing and Procurement 31

1.1 Sourcing and Procurement: From Basic to Strategic ............................................. 31

1.1.1 Sourcing ..................................................................................................................... 32
1.1.2 Operational Procurement .................................................................................... 33
1.2 Sourcing and Procurement from End to End ............................................................. 35
1.2.1 Ideal Procurement .................................................................................................. 36
1.2.2 Source-to-Pay and Procure-to-Pay .................................................................... 37
1.2.3 Key Process Areas ................................................................................................... 37
1.3 Procurement with SAP S/4HANA ................................................................................... 40
1.3.1 Multitenant Cloud versus Single-Tenant Environment for
ERP Systems .............................................................................................................. 41
1.3.2 Strategic Sourcing .................................................................................................. 44
1.3.3 Procurement ............................................................................................................ 45
1.3.4 Accounts Payable and Invoicing ........................................................................ 47
1.3.5 SAP Fiori Roles and Applications ....................................................................... 48
1.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 49

2 Implementation Options 51

2.1 Implementation Overview ................................................................................................ 51

2.1.1 Deployment Options ............................................................................................. 52
2.1.2 Cloud ........................................................................................................................... 53
2.1.3 On-Premise ............................................................................................................... 55
2.1.4 New Implementation versus System Conversion ....................................... 56
2.2 On-Premise SAP S/4HANA ................................................................................................. 60
2.2.1 Complete Functional Scope ................................................................................ 61
2.2.2 Installation ................................................................................................................ 62
2.2.3 Activated Appliance ............................................................................................... 63
2.2.4 Information Technology Considerations ........................................................ 64
2.2.5 Integration Options ............................................................................................... 65
2.2.6 System Conversion to SAP S/4HANA ............................................................... 65

7
Contents Contents

2.3 SAP S/4HANA Cloud ............................................................................................................. 69 4.2 Batch Management and Serialization ......................................................................... 115
2.3.1 SAP Best Practices Scope ...................................................................................... 69 4.2.1 Configuring Batch Numbers ............................................................................... 116
2.3.2 Information Technology Considerations ........................................................ 70 4.2.2 Configuring Serial Numbers ............................................................................... 117
2.3.3 Standard Integration and Customization ...................................................... 71 4.3 SAP S/4HANA Business Partner Model ........................................................................ 118
2.4 SAP Ariba Central Procurement, Private Cloud Edition ....................................... 71 4.3.1 Suppliers as Business Partners ........................................................................... 118
2.5 Quick Start Approaches and Materials for SAP S/4HANA ................................... 74 4.3.2 Loading Supplier Records in SAP S/4HANA ................................................... 121
4.3.3 Setting Up the Supplier Master ......................................................................... 122
2.5.1 Prebuilt Content and Templates ....................................................................... 74
4.3.4 Performing Customer/Vendor Integration .................................................... 123
2.5.2 SAP Best Practices ................................................................................................... 75
2.5.3 Appliance Model and Enterprise Management Layer ................................ 75 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 137
2.5.4 SAP Activate ............................................................................................................. 76
2.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 82
5 Operational Procurement 139

3 Organizational Structure 83 5.1 What Is Operational Procurement? ............................................................................... 139

5.2 Self-Service Procurement ................................................................................................... 143

3.1 SAP S/4HANA Enterprise Management Organization Objects ......................... 83 5.2.1 Creating a Requisition or Shopping Cart in SAP S/4HANA ....................... 144
3.2 SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement–Specific Organization 5.2.2 Carbon Footprint Tracking .................................................................................. 146
5.2.3 Advanced Intercompany Sales ........................................................................... 146
Structure Objects ................................................................................................................... 86
5.2.4 Confirmation and Return Delivery ................................................................... 147
3.3 Company Code ........................................................................................................................ 87 5.2.5 Shopping Cart versus Requisition-to-Pay and Migrating
3.4 Plants .......................................................................................................................................... 90 SAP SRM Shopping Carts ...................................................................................... 151
5.2.6 Workflow ................................................................................................................... 153
3.5 Storage Locations and Warehouses .............................................................................. 92
5.2.7 Machine Learning–Based Purchasing Functionality via
3.5.1 Storage Location ..................................................................................................... 93
SAP Business Technology Platform .................................................................. 154
3.5.2 Warehouse Creation ............................................................................................. 95
5.3 Requirements Processing in SAP S/4HANA Sourcing and Procurement ...... 156
3.6 Purchasing Organizations .................................................................................................. 96
5.4 Purchase Order Processing ................................................................................................ 159
3.7 Purchasing Group Creation ............................................................................................... 100
5.5 Service Purchasing and Service Confirmation .......................................................... 161
3.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 100
5.6 Purchase Order Collaboration .......................................................................................... 162

5.7 Configuring Operational Procurement ........................................................................ 163

4 Master Data 103 5.7.1 Self-Service Procurement Requisitioning ....................................................... 163
5.7.2 Machine Learning–Based Procurement Functionality ............................... 173
4.1 Material Masters and Material Groups ....................................................................... 104 5.7.3 Requirements Processing .................................................................................... 181
4.1.1 Activating a Material Master Field ................................................................... 105 5.7.4 Purchase Order Processing .................................................................................. 182
4.1.2 Creating a Material Master ................................................................................. 107 5.7.5 Purchase Order Collaboration ............................................................................ 182
4.1.3 Creating a Material Group .................................................................................. 109 5.7.6 SAP SuccessFactors ................................................................................................ 183
4.1.4 Lean Services ............................................................................................................ 110 5.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 186
4.1.5 Configuring Lean Services: Product Services Type (SERV) ......................... 112
4.1.6 Select Material Master Configuration Options ............................................ 114
4.1.7 Material Master Field Character Expansion in SAP S/4HANA ................. 114

8 9
Contents Contents

6 Automated and Direct Procurement 187 7 Inventory Management 237

6.1 What Is Automated and Direct Procurement? ......................................................... 187 7.1 What Is Inventory Management? .................................................................................. 238

6.2 Materials Requirements Planning ................................................................................. 190 7.2 Stock Management in SAP S/4HANA ........................................................................... 241
6.2.1 MRP in SAP ERP versus SAP S/4HANA .............................................................. 191 7.2.1 Material Identification .......................................................................................... 241
6.2.2 Predictive MRP ......................................................................................................... 194 7.2.2 Location of the Stock ............................................................................................. 241
6.2.3 SAP Fiori Apps for MRP ......................................................................................... 195 7.2.3 Usability of the Stock ............................................................................................ 242
6.3 Forecasting and Planning .................................................................................................. 200 7.2.4 Ownership of the Stock ........................................................................................ 243
7.2.5 Batch Identification ............................................................................................... 243
6.3.1 Forecast Planning ................................................................................................... 200
7.2.6 Serial Number Identification .............................................................................. 244
6.3.2 Reorder Point Planning ......................................................................................... 203
6.3.3 Time-Phased Planning .......................................................................................... 204 7.3 Goods Movements ................................................................................................................ 244
6.3.4 Forecast Collaboration .......................................................................................... 205 7.3.1 Goods Receipts ........................................................................................................ 245
6.4 Contract and Source Determination ............................................................................. 207 7.3.2 Goods Issues ............................................................................................................. 259
7.3.3 Stock Transfers ........................................................................................................ 262
6.4.1 Purchasing Information Record ......................................................................... 208
7.3.4 Transfer Postings .................................................................................................... 273
6.4.2 Source List ................................................................................................................. 209
6.4.3 Quota Arrangement .............................................................................................. 210 7.4 Physical Inventory ................................................................................................................. 275
6.4.4 Scheduling Agreement ......................................................................................... 211 7.4.1 Create Physical Inventory Documents ............................................................ 277
6.4.5 Scheduling Agreement Release Collaboration ............................................. 213 7.4.2 Schedule Physical Inventory Document Creation ....................................... 277
6.4.6 Blanket Purchase Order ........................................................................................ 214 7.4.3 Manage Physical Inventory Count .................................................................... 278
6.4.7 Purchase Orders and Multitier Purchase Orders ......................................... 215 7.4.4 Manage Physical Inventory Documents ......................................................... 279
6.4.8 Subcontracting ........................................................................................................ 216 7.4.5 Cycle Counting—Classification ......................................................................... 280
6.4.9 Consignment Stock ................................................................................................ 220 7.4.6 SAP GUI for HTML Apps ........................................................................................ 281
6.4.10 Consignment Orders ............................................................................................. 221 7.5 Reporting in Inventory Management .......................................................................... 283
6.4.11 Quality Management Collaboration in SAP Business Network
7.5.1 Inventory Overview Pages ................................................................................... 283
Supply Chain Collaboration ................................................................................ 222
7.5.2 Goods Movement Reporting Apps ................................................................... 286
6.4.12 SAP Supply Base Optimization ........................................................................... 223
7.5.3 Stock Balances Reporting Apps .......................................................................... 287
6.5 Configuring Automated and Direct Procurement .................................................. 225 7.5.4 Monitoring Financial Inventory Values Apps ................................................ 293
6.5.1 Master Data .............................................................................................................. 225 7.5.5 Inventory Management Object Pages ............................................................. 295
6.5.2 Document Types ..................................................................................................... 225 7.5.6 Inventory Management Analytics .................................................................... 302
6.5.3 Forecast Planning ................................................................................................... 230 7.6 Configuring Inventory Management ........................................................................... 307
6.5.4 Purchase Info Records ........................................................................................... 230
7.6.1 General Configuration Elements ...................................................................... 309
6.5.5 Source Lists ............................................................................................................... 230
7.6.2 Goods Receipts and Goods Issues ..................................................................... 310
6.5.6 Quota Arrangements ............................................................................................ 231
7.6.3 Movement Types .................................................................................................... 313
6.6 Industry-Focused Solutions for Direct Procurement ............................................. 231 7.6.4 Stock Transport Orders ......................................................................................... 319
6.6.1 CATENA-X .................................................................................................................. 231 7.6.5 Physical Inventory .................................................................................................. 322
6.6.2 SAP Enterprise Product Development ............................................................. 232 7.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 326
6.6.3 SAP S/4HANA for Field Equipment and Material Logistics Planning
and Execution .......................................................................................................... 233
6.7 Integration with SAP Ariba and SAP Business Network ...................................... 234

6.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 235

10 11
Contents Contents

8 Contract and Scheduling Agreement 9.2.3 Categories for Legal Content .............................................................................. 369
9.2.4 Manage Legal Documents ................................................................................... 369
Management 327
9.2.5 Manage Legal Tasks ............................................................................................... 370
9.2.6 Request Legal Contract ......................................................................................... 370
8.1 What Is Contract and Scheduling Agreement Management? .......................... 328 9.2.7 Manage Legal Transactions ................................................................................ 372
8.1.1 Types of Purchase Contracts ............................................................................... 328 9.2.8 Manage Workflow Templates ............................................................................ 373
8.1.2 Manage Purchase Contracts ............................................................................... 329
9.3 Customizing Enterprise Contract Management ...................................................... 374
8.1.3 Mass Changes to Purchase Contract ............................................................... 333
9.3.1 Number Ranges ...................................................................................................... 374
8.2 Contract Consumption ........................................................................................................ 335 9.3.2 Reminder Types ....................................................................................................... 375
8.2.1 Value Contract Consumption ............................................................................. 335 9.3.3 Date Types ................................................................................................................ 375
8.2.2 Quantity Contract Consumption ...................................................................... 336 9.3.4 Internal Contacts .................................................................................................... 376
8.3 Contract Reporting and Analytics .................................................................................. 338 9.3.5 Entity Types .............................................................................................................. 377
8.3.1 Unused Contracts ................................................................................................... 338 9.3.6 External Contacts ................................................................................................... 378
8.3.2 Off-Contract Spend ................................................................................................ 339 9.3.7 Technical Types for Linked Object Types ........................................................ 378
8.3.3 Contract Leakage .................................................................................................... 340 9.3.8 Linked Object Types ............................................................................................... 379
8.3.4 Purchase Contract Items by Account Assignment ...................................... 340 9.3.9 Content Types .......................................................................................................... 380
8.3.5 Monitor Purchase Contract Items ..................................................................... 341 9.3.10 Document Stamps ................................................................................................. 380
8.3.6 Contract Expiry ........................................................................................................ 342 9.3.11 Profiles ....................................................................................................................... 381
9.3.12 Document Types ..................................................................................................... 384
8.4 Configuration .......................................................................................................................... 343
9.3.13 Background Job Definitions ................................................................................ 389
8.4.1 Configuring Contracts .......................................................................................... 343
8.4.2 Manage Workflows for Purchase Contracts ................................................. 347 9.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 389

8.5 Scheduling Agreement ........................................................................................................ 349

8.5.1 Scheduling Agreement Types ............................................................................. 349
8.5.2 Managing and Creating Purchase Scheduling Agreements .................... 350 10 External Sourcing 391
8.5.3 Monitor Purchase Scheduling Agreement Items ......................................... 354
8.6 Customizing Scheduling Agreements .......................................................................... 355 10.1 Sourcing Strategies ............................................................................................................... 391
8.6.1 Define Document Types ....................................................................................... 355 10.2 Request for Quotation ........................................................................................................ 393
8.6.2 Define Number Ranges for Purchase Scheduling Agreements .............. 356 10.2.1 Sourcing with SAP Ariba Sourcing and SAP Business Network ............... 393
8.6.3 Allowed Item Categories ...................................................................................... 356 10.2.2 Sourcing with Standalone SAP S/4HANA ....................................................... 394
8.6.4 Maintain Release Creation Profile .................................................................... 357 10.2.3 Quote Automation for Procurement ............................................................... 394
8.7 Integrating with SAP Ariba Contracts .......................................................................... 359 10.2.4 Request for Price ..................................................................................................... 394

8.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 360 10.3 SAP Fiori Apps for External Sourcing ............................................................................ 395
10.3.1 Manage Requests for Quotation ....................................................................... 396
10.3.2 Create Request for Quotation via the Process Purchase
Requisitions App ..................................................................................................... 396
9 Enterprise Contract Management and Assembly 361
10.3.3 Monitor Request for Quotation Items ............................................................. 398
10.3.4 Compare Supplier Quotations ........................................................................... 399
9.1 What Is Enterprise Contract Management and Assembly? ................................ 361 10.3.5 Manage Supplier Quotations ............................................................................. 400
9.2 SAP Fiori Apps for Enterprise Contract Management Overview ...................... 363 10.3.6 Manage Workflows for RFQs .............................................................................. 401
9.2.1 Home Page and Enterprise Contract Management Overview ................ 364 10.3.7 Manage Workflows for Supplier Quotation .................................................. 401
9.2.2 Manage Contexts ................................................................................................... 367 10.3.8 My Inbox .................................................................................................................... 403
10.3.9 Request for Quotation Types .............................................................................. 403

12 13
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10.4 Configuring Request for Quotation .............................................................................. 404 11.9 Configuration Product Sourcing ..................................................................................... 445
10.4.1 Number Ranges ...................................................................................................... 404 11.10 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 450
10.4.2 Document Types for RFQ ..................................................................................... 405
10.4.3 Document Types for Supplier Quotation ....................................................... 406
10.4.4 External Processing for Supplier Quotation Process .................................. 407
10.4.5 Activate cXML Message Types ........................................................................... 408
12 Invoice and Payables Management 451

10.4.6 Credentials and Endpoints .................................................................................. 408

10.4.7 Assign Network ID to Company Code ............................................................. 409 12.1 What Are Invoice and Payables Management? ....................................................... 451
10.4.8 Schedule Job ............................................................................................................. 409 12.2 Invoice Processing ................................................................................................................. 452
10.4.9 Output Parameter Determination and Use ................................................... 410 12.2.1 Supplier Invoice Documents ............................................................................... 453
10.5 Configuring Flexible Workflow ....................................................................................... 411 12.2.2 Results of Invoice Processing .............................................................................. 454
10.5.1 Scenario Activation ................................................................................................ 411 12.2.3 Types of Supplier Invoice Verification ............................................................. 455
10.5.2 Register Event for Subsequent Workflow ...................................................... 412 12.2.4 Entry of Invoice Documents ................................................................................ 456
10.5.3 Maintain Task Names and Decision Options ................................................ 413 12.2.5 Invoice Processing .................................................................................................. 460
10.5.4 Visualization of SAP Business Workflow ........................................................ 414 12.2.6 Reporting in Invoice Processing ......................................................................... 470
10.5.5 Scenario Definition ................................................................................................ 415 12.2.7 Object Pages ............................................................................................................. 473
10.5.6 Maintain Attribute for Workflow Task ............................................................ 416 12.3 Accounts Payable ................................................................................................................... 477
10.6 Integration with SAP Ariba ............................................................................................... 418 12.3.1 Supplier Payment Processing ............................................................................. 477
12.3.2 Supplier Account Management ......................................................................... 488
10.7 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 418
12.4 Invoice and Payables Management Analytics and Reporting ........................... 491
12.4.1 Accounts Payable Overview ................................................................................ 492
12.4.2 Aging Analysis ......................................................................................................... 494
11 Product Sourcing 419
12.4.3 Overdue Payables ................................................................................................... 495
12.4.4 Future Payables ....................................................................................................... 496
11.1 What Is Product Sourcing? ................................................................................................ 420
12.4.5 Cash Discount Forecast ........................................................................................ 497
11.2 Product Sourcing .................................................................................................................... 423 12.4.6 Cash Discount Utilization .................................................................................... 498
11.2.1 Sourcing Project ...................................................................................................... 424 12.4.7 Days Payable Outstanding .................................................................................. 500
11.2.2 Quotation Evaluation ............................................................................................ 429 12.4.8 Days Payable Outstanding—Indirect Method .............................................. 501
11.2.3 Award Decisions ..................................................................................................... 432 12.4.9 Invoice Processing Analysis ................................................................................. 502
11.3 Procurement Planning ........................................................................................................ 433 12.4.10 Supplier Payment Analysis (Manual and Automatic Payments) ............ 503
12.4.11 Supplier Payment Analysis (Open Payments) ............................................... 503
11.3.1 Parts Import and Assignment to Projects ...................................................... 434
11.3.2 Milestones and Task Scheduling ....................................................................... 435 12.5 Configuring Invoice and Payables Management .................................................... 504
11.3.3 Parts Bundling per Sourcing Needs .................................................................. 436 12.5.1 Configuration Elements for Managing Incoming Invoices ...................... 505
11.4 Product Sourcing with Enterprise Contract Management .................................. 437 12.5.2 Configuration Elements for Managing Invoice Blocks ............................... 513

11.5 Product Sourcing and Commodity Pricing Engine .................................................. 439 12.6 Integrating SAP S/4HANA with SAP Invoice Management by OpenText .... 520

11.6 Quotation Management and Supplier Quotations ................................................ 440 12.7 SAP Ariba Central Invoice Management for SAP S/4HANA Cloud .................. 521
12.7.1 Upload Supplier Invoices ..................................................................................... 521
11.7 Mass Price Update ................................................................................................................. 441
12.7.2 Manage Supplier Invoices Centrally ................................................................. 522
11.8 External Collaboration with Suppliers ......................................................................... 442
12.8 Taulia: Working Capital Management ........................................................................ 522
11.8.1 SAP Business Network and Product Sourcing ............................................... 444
11.8.2 Supplier Portal (Private Network) ..................................................................... 444
12.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 524

14 15
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13 Supplier Management 525 14.8.4 Configuring SAP Ariba Central Procurement, Private Cloud
Edition Scenarios .................................................................................................... 578
14.8.5 Integrating SAP Ariba Buying for SAP S/4HANA with Central
13.1 What Is Supplier Management? ..................................................................................... 525
Procurement ............................................................................................................ 591
13.1.1 Supplier Discovery, Qualification, and Onboarding .................................... 526
13.1.2 Classification and Segmentation ...................................................................... 529 14.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 592
13.1.3 Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 530
13.2 Classification and Segmentation ................................................................................... 530
13.2.1 Create a Purchasing Category ............................................................................ 531 15 Sourcing and Procurement Analytics 593
13.2.2 Managing a Purchasing Category ..................................................................... 534
13.2.3 Translating a Purchasing Category .................................................................. 534 15.1 Spend Visibility ....................................................................................................................... 593
13.3 Supplier Evaluation .............................................................................................................. 534 15.2 Contract Expiration ............................................................................................................... 596
13.3.1 Supplier Evaluation Scorecard ........................................................................... 537 15.3 Sourcing ..................................................................................................................................... 597
13.3.2 Individual Supplier Evaluation ........................................................................... 537
13.3.3 Supplier Evaluation by Time and Quality ....................................................... 538
15.4 Supplier Performance .......................................................................................................... 599

13.3.4 Supplier Evaluation by Price ............................................................................... 539 15.4.1 Purchasing Document Reports and Embedded Analytics ........................ 600
13.3.5 Supplier Evaluation by Questionnaire ............................................................. 540 15.4.2 Predictive Analytics ................................................................................................ 601
13.3.6 Combined Scorecard ............................................................................................. 540 15.5 Reporting ................................................................................................................................... 602
13.3.7 Operational Supplier Evaluation ....................................................................... 541
15.6 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence ............................................................ 604
13.4 Configuration .......................................................................................................................... 542
15.7 SAP Ariba Category Management ................................................................................. 606
13.4.1 Supplier and Category Management Configuration .................................. 542
13.4.2 Classification and Segmentation ...................................................................... 544 15.8 Configuration .......................................................................................................................... 607
13.4.3 Supplier Evaluation Configuration ................................................................... 544 15.8.1 Creating a Key Performance Indicator ............................................................ 608
15.8.2 Configuring Real-Time Reporting/Queries .................................................... 608
13.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 546
15.8.3 Exploring the Virtual Data Model and Core Data Services in
SAP S/4HANA ........................................................................................................... 609
15.8.4 Integration of SAP S/4HANA with SAP Analytics Tools ............................. 611
14 Centralized Procurement 547 15.8.5 Integration with Cloud Applications ................................................................ 613
15.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 614
14.1 What Is Centralized Procurement? ................................................................................ 547

14.2 Central Requisitioning ........................................................................................................ 552

14.3 Central Purchasing ................................................................................................................ 554 16 Integrating SAP S/4HANA with SAP Signavio,
14.4 Central Sourcing ..................................................................................................................... 558 SAP Ariba, SAP Business Network, and
14.5 Central Purchase Contracts ............................................................................................... 559 SAP Fieldglass 617

14.6 Central Analytics .................................................................................................................... 561

16.1 SAP Ariba and SAP Business Network Integration Projects and
14.7 Integration with SAP Ariba and SAP Business Network ...................................... 566 Connectivity Options ........................................................................................................... 618
14.8 Configuring SAP Ariba Central Procurement, Private Cloud Edition .............. 568 16.2 SAP Integration Suite, Managed Gateway for Spend Management and
14.8.1 Prerequisites ............................................................................................................ 569 SAP Business Network ......................................................................................................... 620
14.8.2 Establishing Connectivity to ERP Systems ..................................................... 571 16.2.1 Configuring SAP Integration Suite, Managed Gateway for
14.8.3 Validating Data and Identifying Gaps ............................................................. 576 Spend Management and SAP Business Network ........................................ 622

16 17
Contents Contents

16.2.2 SAP Ariba Strategic Sourcing Suite Integration ............................................ 623 18 Conclusion 685
16.2.3 SAP Business Network Commerce Automation ........................................... 633
16.3 SAP Business Network Supply Chain Collaboration .............................................. 640 18.1 Future State of Procurement Solutions ....................................................................... 688
16.3.1 Product Functionality ............................................................................................ 640
18.2 Future State of the Procurement Supply Chain ....................................................... 689
16.3.2 Configuration .......................................................................................................... 646
16.4 SAP Business Network for Logistics .............................................................................. 647

16.5 SAP Business Network for Asset Management ....................................................... 650 The Author ............................................................................................................................................... 691
16.6 SAP Fieldglass .......................................................................................................................... 651 Index .......................................................................................................................................................... 693
16.6.1 Key Technologies .................................................................................................... 652
16.6.2 Integrating SAP Fieldglass Contingent Workforce Management .......... 653
16.7 SAP SuccessFactors ............................................................................................................... 656
16.7.1 SAP S/4HANA Integration with SAP SuccessFactors Employee
Central ........................................................................................................................ 656
16.7.2 SAP Cloud Integration with SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central ...... 657
16.8 SAP Signavio ............................................................................................................................ 658

16.9 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 660

17 Customizing the User Interface 661

17.1 User Interface Options in SAP S/4HANA ..................................................................... 661

17.1.1 SAP Fiori ..................................................................................................................... 662
17.1.2 SAP GUI ...................................................................................................................... 671
17.2 Configuring SAP Fiori ........................................................................................................... 673
17.2.1 Installing SAP Fiori .................................................................................................. 673
17.2.2 Embedded and Central Hub Deployment for SAP Fiori ............................. 674
17.2.3 SAP Fiori Apps Reference Library ....................................................................... 674
17.3 Customizing SAP Fiori .......................................................................................................... 679
17.3.1 SAP Fiori Edit Mode ................................................................................................ 679
17.3.2 SAP Fiori User Settings .......................................................................................... 680
17.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 683

18 19
Index
A B
ABAP .......................................................................... 667
ABC Analysis for Cycle Counting app ........... 282
Accounting data .................................................... 122
Accounts payable .................................................. 477
analytics .............................................................. 491
reporting .................................................... 491, 602
Accounts payable accountant ..... 296, 298, 479,
481–485, 488–491
procurement ..... 461–463, 465–467, 469–472
Accounts payable and invoicing ....................... 47
Accounts payable manager ........... 486, 494–504
Accounts payable overview .............................. 492
Accounts receivable accountant .................... 298
Activated appliance ................................................ 63
Activate flexible workflow ................................ 511
Activate item amount check ............................ 516
Activate stochastic block ................................... 518
Activity types ............................................................. 86
Advanced intercompany sales ........................ 146
Advance shipping notifications ...................... 141
Agile methodology .................................................. 74
Aging analysis ........................................................ 494
Aging Analysis app ..................................... 492, 494
Allocation quota arrangements ...................... 210
Allow negative stock balances ......................... 312
Analytical cards ..................................................... 594
Analytics ............................................................ 82, 593
Analytics and Report Gallery app ................... 611
Announcements ................................................... 650
Appliance .................................................................... 63
Application Link Enabling (ALE) ..................... 106
Approve bank payments ................................... 486
Approve Bank Payments app ........................... 486
Assign and Process Purchase Requisition
app ......................................................................... 156
Attribute value mapping ................................... 128
Authorization check ............................................ 346
Automated and direct procurement ............ 187
configure ............................................................. 225
Automated procurement .................................. 189
Automatic Creation of Purchase Orders from
Requisition app ................................................. 156
Award decisions .................................................... 432
Awarding .................................................................. 630
Background job definitions ............................. 389
BAdI ............................................................................ 590
BD_MMPUR_REQ_APPR_PRV ................... 173
MM_PUR_CTLG_BDI_SRH .......................... 173
MMPUR_CAT_CLL_ENRICH ........................ 173
MMPUR_CAT_PROXY_INFO ....................... 173
MMPUR_CATALOG_ENRICH_DATA ....... 173
Bank information ................................................. 122
Basis .................................................................... 62, 169
Batch Information Cockpit app ...................... 291
Batch management .................................... 115, 243
Batch number ........................................................ 116
assignment ......................................................... 116
Best practices ............................................................ 69
Bids ............................................................................. 630
Big data ..................................................................... 688
Bill of materials (BOM) ....................................... 141
Blanket agreement .............................................. 327
Blanket purchase orders .................................... 214
Blocked stock type ............................................... 242
Business area ............................................................. 85
Business partner .......................................... 101, 118
creation ............................................................... 119
SAP S/4HANA .................................................... 120
Business Rule Framework Plus (BRFplus) ...... 83
Buyer ......................................................................... 298
C
Carbon footprint tracking ................................ 146
Cash Discount Forecast app ............................. 497
Cash Discount Utilization app ........................ 498
Catalog via web service ...................................... 172
Categories for Legal Content app ................... 369
CATENA-X ................................................................ 231
Central analytics ................................................... 561
Central hub deployment ................................... 674
Centralized platform ........................................... 551
Central procurement ................................... 71, 547
architecture ........................................................ 576
configure ............................................................. 568
extraction ........................................................... 577
Central Purchase Contract Consumption
app ......................................................................... 563
Central purchase contracts ..................... 559, 588
693
Index
Central purchasing ............................................... 554
configure ............................................................. 581
Central requisitioning ........................................ 552
configure ............................................................. 579
Change Inbound Delivery app ......................... 257
Change management lead ................................... 82
Change Physical Inventory Count app ........ 281
Change Physical Inventory Document
app ......................................................................... 281
Change pointers .................................................... 575
Chart of accounts ..................................................... 85
Check report
1623677 ................................................................. 129
2216176 .................................................................. 129
2399368 ................................................................ 129
974504 .................................................................. 129
CVI_FS_CHECK_CUSTOMIZING ................. 129
PRECHECK_UPGRADATION_REPORT ..... 129
Classification and Segmentation app ........... 529
Clear GR/IR Clearing Account app ................. 466
Clear Outgoing Payments (Manual Clearing)
app ......................................................................... 479
Client ............................................................................. 85
Cloud computing ..................................................... 53
Cloud procurement ................................................ 43
Collaborative sourcing ...................... 37, 393–394
Collaborative sourcing and contract
management ..................................................... 327
Combined Scorecard app ................................... 540
Commerce automation ...................................... 633
Commodity pricing engine .............................. 439
Company ..................................................................... 85
Company code .......................................................... 87
create ....................................................................... 88
Compare Supplier Quotations app ...... 399, 429
Component consumption
backflush ............................................................. 645
real-time .............................................................. 645
Component inventory message ..................... 645
Component receipt .............................................. 645
Component ship notice ..................................... 645
Confirmation and return delivery ................. 147
Connected systems .............................................. 548
Consignment orders ............................................ 221
Consignment stock .............................................. 220
Constant model ..................................................... 201
Consumable item ................................................. 142
Consumer-level UX .............................................. 688
Consumption-based planning ........................ 189
Contact categories ................................................ 449
Contact person ....................................................... 128
Content type ........................................................... 380
694
Contingent labor management ....................... 551
Contract and source determination .............. 207
Contract consumption ........................................ 335
Contract creation .................................................. 328
Contract dashboard reporting ......................... 338
Contract expiration .............................................. 596
Contract Expiry app ................................... 342, 596
Contract Leakage app .......................................... 340
Contract management ................................ 37, 361
configuration ..................................................... 343
Contracts
contract release order ..................................... 329
quantity contract ............................................. 329
text types ............................................................. 345
value contract .................................................... 329
Contract workflow ................................................ 347
Controlling area ....................................................... 85
Conversion phase .................................................. 136
Core data services (CDS) ..................................... 609
Cost breakdown ..................................................... 426
Cost center ................................................................. 86
Cost element ............................................................. 86
Country-specific chart of accounts .................. 86
Create Balance Confirmations app ................ 490
Create Consignment and Pipeline
Settlement app .................................................. 468
Create Correspondence app .............................. 490
Create Dunning Notices app ............................. 490
Create Evaluated Receipt Settlement app ... 469
Create Inbound Delivery app ........................... 256
Create Material app .............................................. 107
Create Periodic Account Statements app .... 490
Create Physical Inventory Documents—Regular
Stock app .................................................... 277, 282
Create Purchase Order app ................................ 159
Create Purchase Order via Purchase
Requisition app ................................................. 156
Create Purchasing Category app ..................... 530
Create Purchasing Info Record app ................ 208
Create Single Payment app ............................... 484
Create Single PI Document app ....................... 281
Create Standard Letters app .............................. 490
Create Supplier Invoice—Advanced app .... 217,
462
Create Supplier Invoice app .............................. 460
Credit control ............................................................ 85
Credit management ............................................. 125
Credit memo ........................................................... 454
Cross-catalog search ......................... 167, 170, 577
preparing data ................................................... 171
Currencies .................................................................. 86
Custom CDS Views app ....................................... 610
Custom code ............................................................. 68
Customer/vendor integration
BAdIs .....................................................................
conversion steps ...............................................
mapping checks ................................................
preparation phase ...........................................
Customer attributes ............................................
Customer master specialist ..............................
Customer object page .........................................
Customer returns stock type ...........................
cXML ..........................................................................
cXML message types ...........................................
Cycle counting .......................................................
Cycle Counting—Classification app ..............
Cycle counting configuration ..........................
D ENRICH_ITEM_DATA ..................................... 173
Database lead ............................................................. 81
Data hierarchy ........................................................... 84
Date types ................................................................ 375
Days payable outstanding (DSO) .......... 500–501
Days Payable Outstanding app ............. 500–501
Dead Stock Analysis app .......................... 303, 305
Delete Correspondence Requests app .......... 490
Delta design ............................................................... 80
Deployment ............................................................... 52
Determine payment blocks .............................. 513
Development lead ................................................... 82
Digital core ................................................................. 41
Direct material ....................................................... 644
Direct procurement ...................................... 39, 141
Discounting capability ....................................... 618
Display/Cancel Account Maintenance app 467
Display Inbound Delivery app ......................... 258
Display Material Document List app ............ 286
Display MRP Key Figures app .......................... 197
Display MRP Material Issues app ................... 197
Display Physical Inventory Progress app .... 283
Display PI Document Line Items for
Materials app ..................................................... 283
Display Stock in Transit app ................... 271–272
Display Stock Overview app ............................. 291
Display Supplier Balances app ......................... 489
Display Supplier Invoice—Advanced app .... 472
Display Warehouse Stock app ......................... 292
Document holding ............................................... 457
Document life ........................................................ 512
Document parking ............................................... 458
Document stamps ................................................ 380
Document types .................................................... 384
configuration ..................................................... 225
definition ............................................................. 343
Index
for purchase order ........................................... 228
133 for requisition ................................................... 226
126 for scheduling agreement ............................ 229
135 LP ............................................................................ 211
126 LPA ......................................................................... 211
129 Dun & Bradstreet ................................................. 543
298 Duplicate invoices ............................................... 510
298
243 E
644
408 Electronic data interchange (EDI) .................. 140
326 Embedded deployment ..................................... 674
280 Embedded search ................................................. 169
326 End users .................................................................... 82
Enhancement spot
ES_MMPUR_REQ_APPR_PRV .................... 173
MM_PUR_CAT_PROXY_INFO .................... 173
MMPUR_CAT_CLL_ENRICH ........................ 173
MMPUR_CATALOG_TRANSFER ................. 173
Enter and Post PI Count w/o Document
app ......................................................................... 281
Enter Inventory Count app .............................. 281
Enter PI Count w/o Document app ............... 281
Enterprise Contract Management Overview
app ......................................................................... 363
Enterprise management layer (EML) .............. 75
Entity types ............................................................. 377
Evaluated receipt settlement (ERS) ............... 220
Evaluation ............................................................... 530
Evaluation Questionnaire, New app ............. 540
Expiration date checks ....................................... 310
Expiry notification setting ............................... 338
External collaboration ....................................... 442
External contacts .................................................. 378
External price request ........................................ 394
External services ................................................... 111
External sourcing ................................................. 391
External sourcing request ................................ 393
F
Fact sheet apps ...................................................... 664
Federal Supply Class (FSC) ................................. 110
Final reports ........................................................... 133
Fiscal year ................................................................... 86
Flexible workflow ................................................. 411
configuring ......................................................... 411
Forecast .................................................................... 642
Forecast-based planning ................................... 189
Forecast collaboration ........................................ 205
Forecast commit ................................................... 206
695
Index
Forecast delivery schedule ................................ 350
Forecasting .............................................................. 200
Forecast planning ....................................... 200, 230
Freeze balances ...................................................... 325
Freeze book ............................................................. 325
Full conversion ......................................................... 59
Functional expert .................................................... 81
Future Payables app ............................................. 496
G management ...................................................... 604
General ledger ........................................................... 84
Goods/service receipts ....................................... 141
Goods issue ................................................... 238, 259
shipping integration ....................................... 260
Goods movement ................................................. 244
reports .................................................................. 286
Goods Movement Analysis app ...................... 303
Goods Movement Reporting app ................... 286
Goods receipt ............................ 150, 238, 245–246
creation ................................................................ 150
Goods receipt-based invoice verification .... 455,
509
Greenfield implementation ............................. 685
Group chart of accounts ....................................... 86
H 290–292, 294–296, 300, 304–306
Hook URL ................................................................. 165
HTML ......................................................................... 667
Hybrid cloud .............................................................. 54
I Invoice entry
Ideal procurement ................................................... 36
IDocs .......................................................................... 124
Image-based buying ............................................ 155
Imageloader ............................................................ 171
Implementation ....................................................... 51
Import supplier invoices ................................... 462
Inbound Deliveries for Purchase Orders
app ......................................................................... 255
Inbound Delivery object page ............... 299–300
Incoterms ................................................................. 161
Indirect procurement ......................................... 188
Individual supplier evaluation ........................ 537
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) ................ 689
Infotypes .................................................................. 163
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) ........................ 53
Initial stock entry for blocked stock .............. 246
Initial stock entry for quality inspection
stock ...................................................................... 246
696
Initial stock entry for unrestricted use
stock ....................................................................... 246
Integrated object model ..................................... 120
Integration ................................................................. 65
Integration add-on ............................................... 570
Integration platform as a service (IPaaS) ....... 53
Integration projects .............................................. 618
Intelligent approval workflow ......................... 155
Intelligent scenario lifecycle
Internal catalog ...................................................... 166
Internal contacts ................................................... 376
internal sourcing request .................................. 394
Internet of Things (IoT) ....................................... 689
Inventory .................................................................. 642
Inventory Analysis Overview app .................. 286
Inventory analyst ........................................ 286, 307
Inventory analytics .............................................. 283
Inventory KPI Analysis app ..................... 303, 306
Inventory management .................... 92, 237–238
analytics ............................................................... 302
configure .............................................................. 307
data model .......................................................... 239
object pages ........................................................ 295
reporting .............................................................. 283
Inventory manager ......................... 248, 251–253,
264, 266, 272, 277–278, 280–281, 283, 286, 288,
Inventory overview pages ................................. 283
Inventory Turnover Analysis app ......... 198, 304
Invoice and payables management ....... 37, 451
Invoice documents ............................................... 456
number range interval ................................... 505
using EDI .............................................................. 458
via SAP Business Network ............................. 458
Invoice management ........................................... 451
Invoice processing ............................ 451–452, 460
reporting .............................................................. 470
results .................................................................... 454
Invoice Processing Analysis app ..................... 502
Invoice reduction .................................................. 459
Invoices ........................................................... 141, 638
Item amount check .................................... 516–517
Item categories ................................... 112, 344, 356
J Manage PIRs app ................................................... 197
Job repository ......................................................... 389
Job scheduling ........................................................ 580
Journal Entry object page ................................... 475
JSON ............................................................................ 167
import ................................................................... 171
K Manage Purchase Order Items Centrally
Key performance indicator (KPI) .................... 608
L Manage Purchase Requisitions app .............. 197
Landscape transformation ................................... 52
Lean catalog .................................................. 164, 167
Lean procurement ................................................ 656
Lean services ................................................. 111–112
Legacy System Migration Workbench
(LSMW) ................................................................. 121
Legal content .......................................................... 361
Legal transactions ................................................. 438
Linked object types .................................... 378–379
Live update .............................................................. 367
Local procurement ............................................... 569
Logical systems ...................................................... 573
M
Machine learning ........................................ 154, 177
Maintain MRP Controllers app ........................ 197
Maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) ... 43
Maintenance planner ............................................. 66
Manage Activities app .............................. 530, 544
Manage Automatic Payments app ................ 481
Manage Batches app ............................................ 290
Manage Bundles app ........................................... 436
Manage Central Purchase Contracts app .... 560
Manage Change Requests app ......................... 197
Manage Context for Legal Content
app ............................................................... 367, 370
Manage Contexts app ......................................... 363
Manage External Requirements app ............ 197
Manage Internal Requirements app ............. 197
Manage Legal Documents app .............. 363, 369
Manage Legal Tasks app ........................... 363, 370
Manage Legal Transactions app ............ 363, 372
Manage Material Coverage app ....................... 197
Manage Outbound Deliveries app ................. 261
Manage Payment Blocks app ........................... 480
Manage Payment Media app ........................... 485
Manage Physical Inventory Count app ........ 278
Manage Physical Inventory Documents
app ......................................................................... 279
Manage POs app .......................................... 197, 557
Manage Production Orders or Process
Orders app .......................................................... 197
Manage Purchase Categories app ................... 534
Manage Purchase Contracts app ... 197, 329, 559
Index
app ......................................................................... 562
Manage Purchase Orders app ................. 147, 217
Manage Purchase Orders Centrally app ...... 557
Manage Purchase Requisitions—
Professional app .............................................. 157
Manage Purchase Scheduling
Agreements app ............................................... 350
Manage Purchasing Categories app .... 530–531,
544
Manage Purchasing Info Records app .... 198, 208
Manage Questionnaires app ............................ 535
Manage Questions app ...................................... 535
Manage Quota Arrangements app ................ 210
Manage Request for Quotation app .............. 396
Manage Scheduling Agreement app ............ 211
Manage Scorecards app ..................................... 537
Manage Source Lists app ................................... 198
Manage Sources of Supply app .............. 197, 597
Manage Sourcing Projects app ........................ 428
Manage Stock app ....................................... 197, 249
Manage Supplier Down Payment
Requests app ............................................ 482–483
Manage Supplier Invoices Centrally app .... 522
Manage Supplier Line Items app .................... 488
Manage Supplier Quotation app .................... 198
Manage Supplier Quotations app .................. 400
Manage Templates app ............................. 373, 535
Manage Workflow for Purchase
Contracts app .................................................... 347
Manage Workflows app ..................................... 411
Manage Workflows for RFQs app ................... 401
Manage Workflows for Scheduling
Agreements app ............................................... 211
Manage Workflows for Supplier Quotation
app ......................................................................... 401
MARC ......................................................................... 239
MARD ........................................................................ 239
Mass Changes to Scheduling Agreements
app ......................................................................... 211
Mass Change to Purchase Contract app ...... 333
Mass Change to Purchasing Info Records
app ......................................................................... 208
Mass price update ................................................ 441
Master data ............................................................. 103
definition ............................................................ 225
MATDOC .................................................................. 240
Material document ..................................... 245, 295
overview ..................................................... 264, 266
Material Document object page ..................... 295
Material Documents Overview app ..... 252, 286
697
Index
Material group ............................................. 104, 606
creation ................................................................ 109
Material inventory values
balance summary ............................................ 293
line items ............................................................. 294
Material Inventory Values—Balance
Summary app .......................................... 198, 293
Material Inventory Values—Line Items
app ............................................................... 198, 294
Material master ........................................... 104, 190
configuration ..................................................... 114
creation ................................................................ 107
field ........................................................................ 114
record .................................................................... 104
Material master record tabs ............................. 108
Material number ................................................... 241
Material object page ............................................ 296
Materials requirements planning (MRP) .... 190
MATNR field ............................................................ 115
MMPUR_CATALOG_ENRICH_DATA ............. 173
Model/equipment request ............................... 650
Monitor Batches and Payments app ............. 487
Monitor Central Purchase Contract
Items app ............................................................. 563
Monitor External Requirements app ........... 196
Monitor Internal Requirements app ............ 197
Monitor Material Coverage app ............ 196, 199
Monitor Production Orders app ..................... 195
Monitor Production Orders or Process
Orders app .......................................................... 197
Monitor Purchase Contract Items app ......... 341
Monitor Purchase Order Items app ............... 605
Monitor Purchase Scheduling Agreement
Items app ............................................................. 354
Monitor Request for Quotation Items
app ......................................................................... 398
Monitor Responses app ..................................... 535
Monitor Tasks app ...................................... 530, 544
Movement types ...................... 148, 245–246, 313
101 ........................................................................... 246
201 .......................................................................... 259
261 .......................................................................... 259
301 .......................................................................... 262
303 .......................................................................... 262
305 .......................................................................... 262
311 ........................................................................... 262
313 ........................................................................... 262
333 .......................................................................... 259
551 ........................................................................... 259
561 ........................................................................... 246
563 .......................................................................... 246
601 .......................................................................... 259
698
641 ........................................................................... 259
643 .......................................................................... 259
change ......................................................... 315, 319
copy .............................................................. 315, 319
MRP Cockpit Reuse Component app ............. 197
MRP Live ......................................................... 188, 192
MRP Run ................................................................... 188
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
(MIME) .................................................................. 543
Multitenant environment ................................... 70
Multitier purchase orders .................................. 215
My Inbound Delivery Monitor app ................ 258
My Inbox ........................................................ 403, 560
My Inbox—Approve POs app ........................... 197
My Purchase Orders—Due for Delivery
app .......................................................................... 260
My Purchasing Document Items app ........... 197
N Overview page ........................................................ 594
Negative stocks ...................................................... 312
Negotiation process ............................................. 431
New catalog item ................................................... 166
New implementation .............................. 52, 56, 58
Number assignments .......................................... 309
Number ranges ...................................................... 404
O Physical count ........................................................ 276
Object link descriptions ...................................... 387
Object pages ............................................................ 473
OData connection ................................................. 574
OData service
catalog data extraction services ................ 574
hub service for delivery address and
general ledger account .............................. 574
material value help service ........................... 574
odata service for purchase requisition
check ................................................................. 574
purchase requisition history ........................ 574
search help .......................................................... 574
service for return delivery ............................. 574
SSP requisition goods receipt hub backend
services ............................................................. 574
sync business procentral procurement admin
monitor backend status for SSP ............ 575
sync business processes completed and
deleted PR from connected system ....... 574
Off-Contract Spend app ...................................... 339
One-step stock transfers ..................................... 262
Online invoice entry ............................................ 457
Operating chart of accounts ............................... 85
Operating concern .................................................. 85
Operational database system ............................. 41
Operational procurement ................... 33–34, 139
configure ............................................................. 163
Operational purchasing ........................................ 37
Operational Supplier Evaluation Last
365 Days app ...................................................... 597
Order collaboration ............................................. 648
Organizational structure ............................ 83, 573
Outline agreements ............................................. 327
Output Material Documents app ................... 253
Output parameter determination ................. 410
Overall Supplier Evaluation Last 365
Days app .............................................................. 597
Overdue Materials—Stock in Transit app ... 272
Overdue Payables app ......................................... 495
Overview Inventory Management app ........ 285
Overview Inventory Processing app ............. 284
Ownership ............................................................... 243
P
Parts bundling ........................................................ 436
Parts import ............................................................ 434
Payables management ............................. 451–452
Payment blocks ..................................................... 513
Physical inventory ............................ 267, 274, 322
settings ................................................................. 323
Picking Components for Process Orders
app ......................................................................... 195
Planned order ......................................................... 190
Planning ................................................................... 200
Plant .................................................................... 90, 241
Platform as a service (PaaS) ................................. 53
Post Goods Movement app .............................. 253
Post goods movements ................... 247, 273–274
Post Goods Receipt for Inbound Delivery
app ......................................................................... 254
Post Goods Receipt for Purchasing
Document app .................................................. 247
Post Goods Receipt without Reference
app ......................................................................... 248
Post Outgoing Payments app .......................... 478
Postprocessing orders ........................................ 130
request .................................................................. 130
Postprocessing phase .......................................... 136
Post Subsequent Adjustment app ................. 251
Prechecks .................................................................... 66
Predictive analytics ........................... 155, 178, 601
Preferred supplier list ......................................... 426
Index
Preupgrade checks ............................................... 135
Print Correspondence Requests app ............ 490
Print Physical Inventory Documents app .... 282
Print Supplier Invoices app .............................. 465
Private cloud ............................................................. 54
Process Physical Inventory Count
Results app ......................................................... 282
Process purchase requisitions ............... 398–400
Process Purchase Requisitions app ............... 396
Process Purchase Requisitions
Centrally app ............................................ 554, 557
Process Tasks app ........................................ 530, 544
Procurement ............................................... 35, 40, 45
Procurement analytics .......................................... 38
Procurement Overview Page app ......... 198, 595
Procurement planning ...................................... 433
Procure-to-pay .......................................................... 37
Product sourcing ......................................... 419, 423
Product type ........................................................... 112
Profiles ...................................................................... 381
Profit center ............................................................... 86
Program
LSMW .................................................................... 124
MM_PUR_CTLG_EXT_COM_
CUR_\nUPD .................................................. 168
Project management ............................................. 81
Proposals and questionnaires ......................... 628
Public cloud ............................................................... 54
Punchout catalog ................................................. 164
setup ..................................................................... 164
Purchase contract ....................................... 328–329
Purchase Contract app ....................................... 198
Purchase Contract Item app ............................ 198
Purchase Contract Items by Account
Assignment app ............................................... 340
Purchase info record ........................................... 230
Purchase order ............................................. 140, 215
automatic ........................................................... 580
history .................................................................. 635
import .................................................................. 583
processing ........................................................... 141
Purchase Order app ............................................. 198
Purchase order–based invoice
verification ......................................................... 455
Purchase order collaboration ....... 141, 162, 182
Purchase Order Item Changes app ................ 595
Purchase order number ranges ...................... 227
Purchase order processing ...................... 159, 182
Purchaser ..................................... 296, 396, 398–400
Purchase Requisition app ........................ 144, 198
Purchasing category ................................... 531–532
Purchasing data .................................................... 122
Purchasing groups creation ............................. 100
699
Index
Purchasing Info Record app ................... 198, 208
Purchasing information record (PIR) ........... 208
Purchasing manager ........................................... 461
Purchasing organization .............................. 96–97
distributed .............................................................. 96
Purchasing Spend Dashboard app ................. 602
Q create ..................................................................... 396
Quality ....................................................................... 642
Quality gates .............................................................. 81
Quality inspection stock .................................... 242
Quality management .......................................... 242
Quality management collaboration ............. 222
Quality technician ................................................ 291
Quantity contract consumption .................... 178
Quantity Contract Consumption
app ............................................................... 336, 596
Quota arrangements ................................. 210, 231
Quotation evaluation .......................................... 429
Quotation management .................................... 440
Quote automation for procurement ............ 394
R Roles ............................................................................. 48
Real-time reporting ............................................. 608
Receiving specialist ................ 255–256, 258, 273,
288, 290, 300, 305–306
Record reason ......................................................... 313
Record reasons for goods movements ........ 313
Register event for subsequent workflow .... 412
Release Blocked Invoices app ................. 462–463
Release creation profile ...................................... 357
Release Reminder Purchase Requisition
app ......................................................................... 157
Reminder emails ................................................... 375
Reoccurrence pattern .......................................... 583
Reorder point planning ............................ 189, 203
Replenishment ...................................................... 642
Report
BBP_MIGRATE_SCEN ..................................... 152
BBP_SC_MIGRATE_TO_PR ........................... 152
CVI_PRECHECK_UPGRADE .......................... 135
FSBP_IND_SECTOR_MAPPING_CHECK .... 133
MDS_LOAD_COCKPIT .................................... 135
MMPUR_MIGR_EBAN .................................... 153
NOTE_2324208_DDIC ..................................... 124
NOTE_2331298 ................................................... 124
PPH_SETUP_MRPRECORDS ......................... 194
PPH_SETUP_MRPRECORDS_SIMU ........... 194
PRECHECK_UPGRADATION_
REPORT .................................................. 134–135
700
R_S4_PRE_TRANSITION_CHECKS ............... 67 SAP Ariba Buying .................................... 44, 64, 567
RMMDVM10 ....................................................... 194 SAP Ariba Buying and Invoicing ..................... 620
RMMDVM20 ....................................................... 194 integration .......................................................... 633
Reporting and monitoring ................................ 593 SAP Ariba Buying for SAP S/4HANA .. 553, 618,
Request for price .................................................... 394 620
Request for quotation ............ 391, 393, 396, 424 integration .......................................................... 591
configuration ..................................................... 404 SAP Ariba Catalog ........... 41, 43, 45–46, 567, 620
SAP Ariba Category Management ........ 531, 606
document ............................................................. 393 SAP Ariba Central Invoice
document types ................................................. 405 Management .............................................. 47, 521
workflow .............................................................. 401 SAP Ariba Central Invoice Management for
Request for Quotation Types app ................... 403 SAP S/4HANA Cloud ....................................... 687
Request Legal Content app ................................ 363 SAP Ariba Central Procurement, private cloud
Request Physical Inventory Recount app .... 282 edition .............. 52, 72, 445, 547, 566, 568, 687
Requirements processing ........................ 141, 156 configure ............................................................. 578
Requisition creation ............................................. 144 SAP Ariba Contracts ...................................... 72, 359
Requisitioning .............................................. 140, 225 SAP Ariba Direct Materials Sourcing for
Requisition number range ................................ 225 Automotive and Industrial Manufacturing
Requisitions ............................................................. 143 in SAP
Reschedule delta indicators .............................. 172 S/4HANA ....................... 419, 421, 433, 560, 686
Return delivery ...................................................... 151 configuration ..................................................... 445
Revise Payment Proposals app ........................ 482 SAP Ariba Invoicing ................................................ 44
RFQ monitor ............................................................ 398 SAP Ariba Procurement Planning .................. 433
SAP Ariba Sourcing .................................... 393, 566
accounts payable accountant— requests ................................................................ 624
R0005-12 ........................................................... 48 search .................................................................... 626
employee procurement—R0056-12 ............. 48 tasks ...................................................................... 626
manager procurement—R0091 ................... 48 SAP Ariba Spend Analysis .................................. 607
operational purchaser—R0128 ..................... 48 SAP Ariba Spend Management ....................... 614
strategic buyer—R0153 .................................... 48 SAP Ariba Strategic Sourcing Suite ........ 33, 235,
599, 618–620
S integration .......................................................... 623
SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and
SAP Activate ................................................ 51, 74, 76 Performance ......................... 118, 526–529, 566
deploy phase ......................................................... 77 SAP Ariba Supplier Risk Management ......... 566
discover phase ..................................................... 76 SAP Best Practices ............................................ 63, 75
explore phase ....................................................... 76 SAP Business Client .............................................. 669
prepare phase ...................................................... 76 SAP Business Network .................... 33, 41, 45, 64,
realize phase ......................................................... 76 183, 234, 444, 472, 527, 551, 566, 618–620, 633
roles .......................................................................... 81 assign ID to company code .......................... 409
run phase ............................................................... 77 connectivity options ....................................... 618
SAP S/4HANA Cloud .......................................... 78 define credentials and end points ............. 408
workflows .............................................................. 78 supplier invoice entry ..................................... 458
SAP AI Core .............................................................. 606 SAP Business Network Discovery ................... 526
SAP Alert Notification Service for SAP SAP Business Network for Asset
BTP .......................................................................... 669 Management ..................................................... 650
SAP Analysis for Microsoft Office ......... 612–613 SAP Business Network for Logistics .............. 647
SAP Analytics Cloud ............................ 72, 558, 567 SAP Business Network Global Track and
SAP Ariba .................. 33, 39–41, 65, 389, 551, 614 Trace ............................................................ 648–649
connectivity options ........................................ 618 SAP Business Network Supply Chain
integration .......................................................... 234 Collaboration .......................... 46, 205, 219, 567,
supplier bidding ................................................ 628 619–620, 640, 686
Index
configuration .................................................... 646
setup ..................................................................... 643
SAP BusinessObjects .................................. 612–613
SAP BusinessObjects Explorer ........................ 613
SAP Business Suite .................................................. 42
SAP Business Suite powered by SAP
HANA .................................................................... 239
SAP Business Technology Platform
(SAP BTP) .......................................... 155, 177, 521
SAP Business Workflow ..................................... 414
SAP Cloud for Customer ....................................... 65
SAP Cloud Integration ............................... 618, 657
SAP Concur ...................................................... 65, 551
SAP Conversational AI ........................................ 682
SAP Core Human Capital Management
for SAP S/4HANA ............................. 65, 119, 163
SAP Crystal Reports ............................................. 613
SAP Delivery ........................................................... 164
SAP Enterprise Contract Assembly ............... 362
SAP Enterprise Product Development ......... 232
SAP ERP ................................... 33, 42, 139–140, 551
materials requirements planning ............. 191
SAP Extended Warehouse Management ....... 86
SAP Fieldglass ......................... 40, 43, 65, 161, 551,
613, 620, 651
contingent workforce management ........ 653
integration ......................................................... 653
SAP Fiori ......................................... 68, 194, 600, 662
apps reference library ........................... 674, 678
architecture ........................................................ 667
configuration .................................................... 673
customize ............................................................ 679
edit mode ............................................................ 679
frontend server ................................................. 667
installation ......................................................... 673
roles .......................................................................... 48
user settings ....................................................... 680
SAP Fiori launchpad ................................... 664, 679
SAP Gateway .................................................. 670, 673
SAP Gateway Foundation ................................. 575
SAP GUI ........................................................... 393, 671
SAP GUI for HTML ................................................ 666
SAP GUI for HTML apps ..................................... 281
SAP Integration Suite .......................................... 418
SAP Integration Suite, managed gateway for
spend management and SAP Business
Network ..................................... 43, 620–621, 624
configure ............................................................. 622
SAP Intelligent Robotic Process
Automation ....................................................... 522
SAP Invoice Management by OpenText ..... 520
SAP Lumira ............................................................. 612
701
Index
SAP Lumira, designer edition ................ 610, 612
SAP Marketing .......................................................... 65
SAP Master Data Governance .......................... 527
SAP MaxDB .............................................................. 673
SAP Migration Cockpit app ............................... 185
SAP Mobile Platform ........................................... 667
SAP Multi-Bank Connectivity ............................. 65
SAP NetWeaver Application Server ............... 169
SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP ................................... 667
SAP NetWeaver Enterprise Search ................. 169
SAP Note
1164979 ................................................................. 169
1454441 .................................................................. 129
1623677 ................................................................. 133
1623809 ................................................................ 129
2214409 ................................................................... 68
2224251 .................................................................. 112
2224371 .................................................................. 112
2240359 ................................................................... 68
225146 .................................................................... 152
2287723 ................................................................. 121
2309153 ................................................................. 129
2312529 .................................................................. 124
2324208 ................................................................ 124
2331298 ................................................................. 124
2333236 .................................................................... 67
2340095 ............................................................... 125
2346269 ................................................................ 124
2376996 ................................................................ 168
2383051 ................................................................. 126
2405714 ................................................................. 124
2502552 .................................................................... 67
974504 .................................................................. 135
SAP Pay .................................................... 47, 566, 618
SAP Process Integration (SAP PI) .................... 618
SAP Process Orchestration (SAP PO) ... 418, 618
SAP Product Carbon Footprint Analytics .... 146
SAP Product Lifecycle Management ............. 235
SAP S/4HANA ............... 52, 54–55, 161, 239, 535,
551–552, 558, 618–619
installation ............................................................ 62
materials requirements planning ............. 191
quick start approaches ..................................... 74
workflows ............................................................ 153
SAP S/4HANA Cloud ...................... 41, 65, 69, 162,
576, 591, 597, 667
integration ............................................................. 71
SAP S/4HANA Cloud, private edition ...... 52, 54
SAP S/4HANA Cloud, public edition ........ 52, 54
SAP S/4HANA Cloud for enterprise contract
management ..................................................... 361
Customizing ....................................................... 374
home page .......................................................... 364
702
SAP S/4HANA Enterprise Management ........ 40,
51, 60–61, 83, 86
SAP S/4HANA for enterprise contract
management ...................................................... 437
SAP S/4HANA for field equipment and material
logistics planning and execution .............. 233
SAP S/4HANA for supplier quotation
management ...................................................... 440
SAP Signavio Business Process
Transformation Suite ..................................... 658
SAP Signavio Process Navigator ...................... 445
SAP Smart Business analytical apps .............. 664
SAP SuccessFactors ..................................... 183, 656
SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central .......... 65,
184, 656
SAP Supplier Lifecycle Management ............ 526,
528, 535
SAP Supplier Relationship Management
(SAP SRM) ........................ 96, 140, 151, 548, 551
deployment ......................................................... 152
procurement ....................................................... 549
SAP Supply Base Optimization ........................ 223
SAP Supply Network Collaboration ............... 642
SAP Sustainability Footprint
Management ...................................................... 146
SAPUI5 ............................................................. 666–667
Scenario activation ............................................... 411
Scenario definition ............................................... 415
Schedule background jobs ................................. 409
Schedule MRP Runs app ..................................... 197
Schedule Order Conversion Runs app .......... 198
Schedule Physical Inventory Document
Creation app ....................................................... 277
Schedule Purchasing Jobs app ......................... 197
Scheduling agreement .................... 211, 349, 351
customizing ........................................................ 355
document types ................................................. 355
without release document ............................ 350
with release document ................................... 349
Scheduling agreement number ranges ........ 229
Scheduling agreement release
collaboration ............................................ 213, 645
Search templates ................................................... 170
Seasonal model ...................................................... 201
Seasonal trend model .......................................... 201
Self-service procurement ........................... 64, 143
Self-service procurement requisitioning .... 163
Self-service requisitioning ....................... 141, 143
Serialization ......................................... 115, 117, 244
Serial number ......................................................... 117
Serial number management ............................. 244
Service confirmation ........................................... 161
Service entry sheet ..................................... 161, 636
Service purchasing ............................................... 161
Service purchasing and entry .......................... 141
SERV record ............................................................. 112
Set check for duplicate invoices ...................... 510
Set item amount check ....................................... 517
Set stochastic block .............................................. 519
Settings for physical inventory ....................... 323
Set tolerance limits .............................................. 514
Shared secret .......................................................... 646
Shipping ................................................................... 238
Shipping specialist ................. 261, 273, 288, 290,
302, 305–306
Shop on behalf ....................................................... 144
Shopping cart creation ....................................... 144
Shopping cart processes .................................... 151
Simulation of supplier invoice postings ..... 459
Slow or Non-Moving Materials app ..... 303, 305
Software as a service (SaaS) .................................. 53
Solution validation ................................................. 80
Source list ....................................................... 209, 230
Source-to-pay ............................................................ 37
Sourcing .......................................................... 393, 597
Sourcing project .......................................... 393, 424
Sourcing with standalone SAP S/4HANA .... 394
Special stock indicators ...................................... 243
Spend analysis ....................................................... 594
Spend visibility ...................................................... 593
Splitting arrangements ...................................... 210
Stochastic block ..................................................... 518
check ...................................................................... 518
Stock
multiple materials ........................................... 289
single material ........................................ 264, 287
Stock balances reporting ................................... 287
Stock identity ......................................................... 273
Stock in Transit on Key Date app ................... 272
Stock management .............................................. 241
location ................................................................ 241
material ............................................................... 241
usability ............................................................... 242
Stock—Multiple Materials app .............. 198, 289
Stock ownership .................................................... 274
Stock quantity ........................................................ 150
Stock—Single Material app ..................... 198, 287
Stock transfers ............................................. 238, 262
Stock transport order configuration ............. 319
Stock transport orders ........................................ 267
Stock transport order with delivery and
billing document process ............................. 269
Stock transport order with delivery via
shipping process .............................................. 268
Index
Stock transport order without delivery
process ................................................................. 267
Stock transport scheduling agreement ....... 350
Stock type
blocked ................................................................. 242
quality inspection ............................................ 242
unrestricted use ................................................ 242
Stock usability ....................................................... 274
Storage locations ............................. 90, 92–93, 241
assign to a warehouse ...................................... 93
Strategic sourcing .................................. 32, 44, 391
Subcontracting ............................................. 216–217
in SAP S/4HANA ............................................... 218
order collaboration ......................................... 219
Subcontracting MRP ........................................... 219
Subcontracting purchase order ...................... 645
Subsequent credit ................................................ 454
Subsequent debit ................................................. 454
Supplier Accounting Document object
page ....................................................................... 475
Supplier account management ...................... 488
Supplier and category management
configuration .................................................... 542
Supplier app ........................................................... 198
Supplier collaboration ........................................... 32
Supplier discovery ............................................... 526
Supplier evaluation ............................................. 534
configuration .................................................... 544
Supplier Evaluation/Operational Supplier
Evaluation app .................................................. 541
Supplier Evaluation app .................................... 535
Supplier Evaluation by Price app ................... 539
Supplier Evaluation by Price Last
365 Days app ..................................................... 597
Supplier Evaluation by Quantity app ........... 537
Supplier Evaluation by Quantity Last
365 Days app ..................................................... 597
Supplier Evaluation by Questionnaire
app ......................................................................... 540
Supplier Evaluation by Questionnaire
Last 365 Days app ............................................ 597
Supplier Evaluation by Time app ................... 538
Supplier Evaluation by Time Last
365 Days app ..................................................... 597
Supplier evaluation scorecard ........................ 537
Supplier Evaluation Score History app ........ 601
Supplier invoice .................................................... 454
documents .......................................................... 453
entry using EDI ................................................. 458
entry using SAP Fiori apps ........................... 457
items by account assignment ..................... 471
list .......................................................................... 470
703
Index
Supplier Invoice object page ............................ 473
Supplier Invoices List app ....................... 470–471
Supplier invoice verification ............................ 455
Supplier management ................................. 38, 525
configuration ..................................................... 542
Supplier master ........................................... 121–122
Supplier onboarding ........................................... 526
Supplier Payment Analysis (Manual and
Automatic Payments) app ........................... 503
Supplier Payment Analysis (Open
Payments) app .................................................. 503
Supplier payment processing .......................... 477
Supplier performance ......................................... 599
Supplier qualification ......................................... 526
Supplier Quotation app ...................................... 411
Supplier quotations ................ 399–401, 429, 448
Supplier record ...................................................... 643
Synchronization .................................................... 134
System administration .......................................... 64
System conversion ............................ 52, 56, 58, 65
preparation ........................................................... 65
realization .............................................................. 65
T MB5T ...................................................................... 272
Table
MATDOC .............................................................. 240
MCHB .................................................................... 240
MKOL .................................................................... 240
Task scheduling ..................................................... 435
Taulia .................................................................. 47, 523
Tax codes .................................................................. 507
Technical architect .................................................. 81
Test phase ................................................................ 136
Three-way match .................................................. 638
Time-phased planning .............................. 189, 204
Tolerance limit ....................................................... 513
Tolerances ................................................................ 515
supplier-specific ................................................ 515
Transaction
ANZE ...................................................................... 209
BD50 ...................................................................... 586
BD52 ....................................................................... 586
BD61 ....................................................................... 575
BMBC ..................................................................... 291
BNK_MONI ......................................................... 488
BP ............................................................................ 124
CVI_FS_CHECK_CUST .................................... 133
CVI_PRECHECK_UPGRADE .......................... 134
ESH_COCKPIT .................................................... 169
F.18 ......................................................................... 490
F.27 ......................................................................... 490
704
F.61 .......................................................................... 490
F.62 ......................................................................... 490
F.63 ......................................................................... 490
F.66 ......................................................................... 490
F110 ......................................................................... 503
F150 ........................................................................ 490
F18P ........................................................................ 490
FD01 ....................................................................... 120
FD02 ....................................................................... 120
FD03 ....................................................................... 120
FD05 ....................................................................... 120
FD06 ...................................................................... 120
FK01 ........................................................................ 120
FK02 ....................................................................... 120
FK03 ....................................................................... 120
FK05 ....................................................................... 120
FK06 ....................................................................... 120
FLETS ...................................................................... 115
MAP1 ...................................................................... 120
MAP3 ..................................................................... 120
MASS ...................................................................... 124
MB51 ....................................................................... 286
MB52 ...................................................................... 292
MB80 ..................................................................... 202
MB90 ..................................................................... 253
MD01 ..................................................................... 192
MD01N ........................................................ 193, 200
MDAB .................................................................... 194
MDRE ..................................................................... 194
ME11 ............................................................. 208–209
ME12 ....................................................................... 209
ME13 ....................................................................... 209
ME21N .................................................................... 672
ME31K .................................................................... 333
ME31L ..................................................................... 354
ME32L .................................................................... 354
ME33L .................................................................... 354
ME35L .................................................................... 354
ME37 ....................................................................... 354
ME38 ...................................................................... 354
ME39 ...................................................................... 354
ME84 ...................................................................... 354
ME9L ...................................................................... 354
MEQ6 ..................................................................... 210
MIR4 ....................................................................... 472
MIRO ...................................................................... 462
MK01 ...................................................................... 120
MK02 ..................................................................... 120
MK03 ..................................................................... 120
MK05 ..................................................................... 120
MK06 ..................................................................... 120
MK12 ...................................................................... 120
MK18 ...................................................................... 120
MK19 ...................................................................... 120
MM01 .......................................................... 104, 107
MM02 ......................................................... 104, 107
MM03 .......................................................... 104, 107
MMBE .................................................................... 291
MMPUR_CAT_EXT ........................................... 172
MP30 ..................................................................... 200
MR11 ....................................................................... 467
MR11SHOW ......................................................... 467
MR90 ..................................................................... 466
MRBR ..................................................................... 465
MRKO .................................................................... 469
MRRL ..................................................................... 470
OBY6 ......................................................................... 89
OIS2 ........................................................................ 117
OMCZ .................................................................... 116
OMS9 ..................................................................... 106
OMSF ..................................................................... 109
OX01 ......................................................................... 98
OX02 ........................................................................ 88
OX08 ........................................................................ 98
OX09 ........................................................................ 93
OX10 ......................................................................... 91
OX15 .......................................................................... 88
OX17 .......................................................................... 99
OX18 .......................................................................... 91
PA30 ...................................................................... 163
PPOMA ................................................................. 163
SE38/SA38 ............................................................... 67
SFW5 ...................................................................... 129
SICF ........................................................................ 168
SM30 ..................................................................... 580
SPRO ............................................................ 578–579
VL06I ..................................................................... 258
VL10B .................................................................... 261
VL31N .................................................................... 256
VL32N .................................................................... 258
VL33N .................................................................... 258
VL34 ....................................................................... 256
XD99 ...................................................................... 124
XK99 ...................................................................... 124
Transactional apps ............................................... 664
Transfer postings ........................................ 238, 273
Index
Transfer stock
in plant ............................................. 266, 273–274
Transfer Stock—Cross-Plant app ................... 264
Transfer Stock—In Plant app ........................... 263
Translate Purchasing Categories app ........... 530,
534, 544
Translate Questions app .................................... 535
Trend model ........................................................... 201
Turnover .................................................................. 304
Two-step stock transfers ................................... 262
U
Umbrella agreements ......................................... 327
United Nations Standard Product and
Service Codes (UNSPSC) ................................ 110
Unplanned delivery costs ................................. 457
configuration .................................................... 508
Unrestricted use stock ....................................... 242
Unused Contracts app ........................................ 338
Upload Supplier Invoices app ......................... 521
User Defaults app ................................................. 555
User interface ......................................................... 661
V
Valuated goods receipts .................................... 150
Value Contract Consumption app ................. 335
Virtual data model ............................................... 609
W
Warehouse ................................................................. 93
creation .................................................................. 95
Warehouse clerk ..................... 248–249, 252–253,
255, 264, 266, 273, 277–278, 280–282, 285, 290–
291, 296, 300, 398–400
Warehouse management .................................. 238
Warehouse manager ........................................... 296
WebClient UIF ........................................................ 667
Web Dynpro ........................................................... 667
Workflow inbox .................................................... 156
Work order .............................................................. 642
WRICEF objects ...................................................... 163
705
 First-hand knowledge.

Justin Ashlock has worked for SAP America for approaching two de-
cades, initially serving as the lead consultant for hundreds of global
SAP customer projects and engagements supporting over $100 billion
in procurement and logistics activities worldwide. Over the last decade,
Justin has managed several procurement consulting delivery groups for
SAP. He currently serves as a vice president of procurement services de-
livery within SAP’s Adoption Services organization. Justin has written
several books for Rheinwerk Publishing, including Sourcing and Pro-
curement in SAP S/4HANA (1st and 2nd Editions), SAP Ariba and SAP Fieldglass: Functional-
ity and Implementation, and Introducing Central Procurement with SAP S/4HANA. He also
contributed to the procurement chapters for Discover SAP, 3rd Edition, and SAP S/4HANA
Cloud: An Introduction. Justin holds a bachelor’s degree from the University of California,
Berkeley, and a master’s degree in business administration from the University of Notre
Dame.

Justin Ashlock

Sourcing and Procurement with SAP S/4HANA
705 pages | 12/2023 | $89.95 | ISBN 978-1-4932-2484-5
www.sap-press.com/5773
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