18th Ammendment 2 Pocket Notes

INTRODUCING THE
NICEIC POCKET GUIDE APP
?
CKET GUIDES ATION
WHAT ARE PO S AND LEGISL
DATE WITH REGULATION
KEEP YOU UP-TO-
FERENCE GUIDES TO
CHNICAL RE
35 HANDY TE
ACCESS ANYTIME, ANYWHERE

ON YOUR SMARTPHONE OR TABLET
GUIDES UPDATED TO
BS 7671:2018 + A2:2022
SEARCH AND FAVOURITES FUNCTION
UPDATED QUICKLY AS NEW REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS ARE PUBLISHED
INCLUDES 4 HANDY CALCULATORS
SCAN HERE TO DOWNLOAD NOW OR VISIT NICEIC.COM/POCKETGUIDES
THE POWER BEHIND YOUR BUSINESS

POCKET GUIDE 1
Guide to siting equipment in a
location containing a bath or shower
The general requirements in Parts 1 to 6 of the Regulations are
applicable within the zones of a location containing a bath or
shower but are supplemented by the additional requirements in
Part 701 of BS 7671.
* Zone 1
Zone 2
Outside
zones
2.25 m
Zone 0
0.6 m
The space underneath the bath is
zone 1 if accessible without the use
of a tool, or outside the zones if
accessible only with the use of a tool
*A window recess is zone 2
© Certsure LLP 2022

POCKET GUIDE 1
Zone 1
2.25 m Zone 2
Outside
zones
Zone 0
0.6 m
For showers without a basin there is no

zone 2, but the horizontal dimension of
zone 1 is increased to 1.20 m (701.32.3 (ii) (b))
Notes:
All low voltage circuits either serving the location or passing through
zones 1 and/or 2, but not serving the location must have additional
protection provided by one or more RCDs that have a rated residual
operating current (IΔn) not exceeding 30 mA (701.411.3.3).
roviding all final circuits of the location have additional protection,
P
meet the requirements for automatic disconnection and the
installation is fitted with effective protective equipotential bonding,
then supplementary equipotential bonding may be omitted
(701.415.2).

POCKET GUIDE 1
Zone
Details of installed equipment Outside 2* 1* 0**
zones
230 V wall mounted plate switch ✘ ✘ ✘
Luminaire Note 3 ✘
SELV or PELV safety source ✘ ✘ ✘
Shaver supply unit Note 2 ✘ ✘
Ventilation equipment Note 3 ✘
Pull cord switch mechanism ✘ ✘ ✘
Insulated pull cord ✘
SELV switches / socket-outlets Note 6 ✘
Switches or controls in fixed
current-using equipment suitable for ✘
use in the zone
Whirlpool unit, electric shower,
shower pump, towel rail or water Note 3 ✘
heating appliance
Equipment, such as a fan or light,
protected by SELV or PELV at a
nominal voltage not exceeding 25 V Note 3 ✘
AC rms or 60 V ripple-free DC
(see Note 7)
Equipment, such as a light,
protected by SELV at a nominal
Note 4
voltage not exceeding 12 V AC rms
or 30 V ripple-free DC (see Note 7)
230 V socket outlet Note 1 ✘ ✘ ✘
*Equipment must have protection of at least IPX4 (IPX5 if water jets are likely).
**Equipment must have protection of at least IPX7 (701.512.2)

POCKET GUIDE 1
Note 1: Prohibited within a distance of 2.5 m horizontally from
the boundary of zone 1 (701.512.3).
Note 2: A shaver supply unit must be to BS EN 61558-2-5
(701.512.3). The requirement for a degree of protection
of a minimum of IPX4 in zone 2 does not apply to shaver
units situated where direct spray from showers is unlikely
(701.512.2).
Note 3: Equipment must be fixed, permanently connected, and
suitable for zone 1 according to the manufacturer’s
instructions (701.55).
Note 4: Equipment must be fixed, permanently connected, and
suitable for zone 0 according to the manufacturer’s
instructions (701.55).
Note 5: The general requirements in Parts 1 to 6 of the
Regulations are applicable outside of the zones
including Regulation 512.2.1, which requires equipment
to be of a design appropriate to the situation in which
it is to be used or its mode of installation must take
account of the conditions likely to be encountered.
Note 6: Only SELV switches permitted, which must be supplied
at a nominal voltage not exceeding 12 V AC rms or 30 V
ripple-free DC.
Note 7: Where SELV or PELV is used in zones 0, 1 or 2, a source
employing electronic devices as described in indent (iv)
of Regulation 414.3 must not be used (701.414.3).

POCKET GUIDE 2
Isolation procedure
Step 1
Check it is safe and acceptable (with the occupier/user) to isolate.
If the isolator is an off-load device, remove the load. Open the
means of isolation for the circuit(s) to be isolated and secure the
isolating device in the open position with a lock or other suitable
means.
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF
MAIN
SWITCH OFF
Step 2
Prove the correct operation of a suitable voltage detection
instrument, see Note 5, against a known voltage source, such as
that illustrated.

POCKET GUIDE 2
Step 3
Using a voltage detection instrument, check that there is no
dangerous voltage present on any circuit conductor to be worked
on. It is important to confirm that conductors are not energised, for
example, due to a wiring fault. Check terminal voltages between:
(1) earth and line, (2) neutral and line (as shown) and (3) earth and
neutral.
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF
MAIN
SWITCH
OFF
Step 4
Prove the voltage detection instrument again against the known
source to check that it was functioning correctly when testing for
the presence of voltage.

POCKET GUIDE 2
In practice, the equipment being worked
on is likely to be remote from the means
of isolation. In this case it is necessary to
secure the remote means of isolation in the
OFF position and check that all the socket-
outlet contact terminals are dead.
When checking for a voltage between

an earth terminal and live (including
neutral) terminals, the test probe should
make contact with the earth terminal first,
to reduce the risk of the remaining probe
becoming live.
Note 1: This Guide gives information on safe working procedures

for the isolation of the supply of electrical energy to
electrical equipment.
Note 2: The example illustrated shows the minimum steps
required to isolate the final circuits supplied by a single-
phase consumer unit. The consumer unit includes an
isolator and circuit-breakers.
Note 3: When circuits are protected by fuses enclosed in a
distribution board, remote isolation of the supply to the
distribution board may be required.
Note 4: HSG85 Electricity at work safe working practices gives
detailed guidance on devising safe working practices for
people who carry out work on or near electrical equipment.
Note 5: Guidance on voltage detection instruments is given in
HSE Guidance Note GS 38 – Electrical test equipment for
use on low-voltage electrical systems.

POCKET GUIDE 2
Note 6: The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 require
precautions to be taken against the risk of death
or personal injury from electricity in work activities.
Regulation 12 requires that, where necessary to prevent
danger, a suitable means is available for cutting off the
supply of electrical energy to any electrical equipment,
and isolation of any electrical equipment.
Note 7: The Health and Safety Executive booklet HSR25
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 - Guidance on
Regulations is intended to help duty holders meet the
requirements of the Regulations.

POCKET GUIDE 3
Test instrument leads
L1 L2
Note 1: This Guide includes recommendations on various

British Standards Institution (BSI) guidance and Health
and Safety Executive (HSE) guidance relating to test
instrument leads. Such guidance should be followed
to reduce the risk of electric shock or explosion and
consequent serious injury or death when using electrical
test equipment, and to meet the requirements of The
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989.
Note 2: As well as injury or death caused directly by electric shock
or explosion, injury can occur when a person reacts to
an electric shock, for example by falling from height or
touching another hazard.
Note 3: It is important that fused test instrument leads are used
where there is a potential risk of a fault current passing
through the test instrument leads that could cause damage
to the instrument or the installation, and/or cause injury to
the user of the instrument.

POCKET GUIDE 3
Such a potential risk might be caused by a multimeter
that has a voltage and current selector switch which
is accidentally set to measure ‘current’, when in fact a
‘voltage’ from a high energy source (such as a 230 V
circuit) is being measured (this type of instrument is not
recommended for proving that a circuit is dead).
Note 4: HSE Guidance Note GS38 – Electrical test equipment
for use on low voltage electrical systems is particularly
relevant to regulations 10 (Connections), 14 (Work on or
near live conductors) and 16 (Persons to be competent to
prevent danger and injury).
Note 5: HSE Guidance Note GS38 is also referenced in HSE
Guidance Note HSG85 – Electricity at work, safe working
practices. Paragraph 32 of HSG85 advises using test
equipment with insulated probes and, where appropriate,
fused leads as suitable precautions to prevent injury.
Furthermore, paragraph 54 of HSG85 advises not to use
multimeters, which can be set to the wrong function or
non-contact devices, such as ‘volt sticks’ for proving dead.
Note 6: HSE Guidance Note GS38 covers, amongst other things:
• accident causes, such as inadequate insulation of test
leads and probes,
• design safety requirements for test probes, test leads,
and test equipment sockets/terminals,
• voltage detection instruments.

POCKET GUIDE 3
Note 7: Where there is no risk of test leads being accidentally
short-circuited together AND the fault current in them is
limited not to exceed their current-carrying capacity, for
example by:
i. a voltage detector that conforms to BS EN 61243-3:
Live working – Voltage detectors – Part 3: Two-pole
low-voltage type, or
ii. a test instrument that conforms to BS EN 61010: Safety
requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,
control and laboratory use. Safety requirements for
hand-held probe assemblies for electrical measurement
and test or BS EN 61557: Electrical safety in low voltage
distribution systems up to 1000 V a.c. and 1500 V d.c.
Fused leads may NOT be necessary. However, the
design of the test probes and leads should meet the
recommendations of GS38 in other respects, such as
having exposed metal tips not exceeding 4 mm in length
(whilst BS EN 61243-3 & BS EN 61010-031 allow exposed
tip lengths up to 19 mm).
Note 8: When using any test leads and instruments, the instructions
of the manufacturer(s) should be followed and the test
equipment should be inspected regularly to confirm its
continued suitability for safe use.
Note 9: Contractors and their employees are reminded of their
legal obligations relating to the safe use of test instruments,
including those under The Electricity at Work Regulations
1989 and The Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998. In this context, contractors should
carry out risk assessments to protect their employees,
customers and bystanders from injury. Contractors should
have appropriate test leads designed for use with each of
their test instruments.

POCKET GUIDE 3
HSE GS38 examples of design safety requirements
Test leads should;
• be adequately insulated,
• except for voltage detectors, be coloured so that one
lead can be easily distinguished from the other,
• be flexible and of sufficient capacity and duty,
• be sheathed to protect against mechanical damage,
• be of adequate length for use,
• not have accessible exposed conductors, other than
the probe tips, or have live conductors accessible to
a person’s finger if a lead becomes detached from a
probe, indicator or instrument when in use.
Test probes should;
• have finger barriers or be shaped to guard against
inadvertent hand contact with live conductors,
• be insulated to leave an exposed metal tip not
exceeding 4 mm measured across any surface of the
tip. Where practicable it is strongly recommended that
this is reduced to 2 mm or less, or that spring retractable
screen probes are used,
• in the case of test lamps, have suitable high breaking
capacity (hbc) fuses with a low current rating (usually not
exceeding 500 mA) and/or a current-limiting resistor,
• have appropriate types of tip for allowing access to the
contact where detection is being made.

POCKET GUIDE 4
Permitted cable route zones
Cables outside
the zone (see note 3)
150 mm 150 mm
150 mm
Cooker
control
switch
Entrance
to Room 2
Cooker
connection
point
13 A socket-outlet
this side
Light switch
reverse side
Zone within 150 mm from the top of the wall or partition

Zone within 150 mm of an angle formed by two adjoining
walls or partitions
Horizontal and vertical zones for an accessory on this
side of the wall or partition
Horizontal and vertical zones for an accessory on the
reverse side may extend to this side (see Note 4)

POCKET GUIDE 4
150 mm
150 mm
Light switch
this side
Entrance
from
Room 1
13 A socket-outlet
reverse side
100 mm or less
Zone within 150 mm from the top of the wall or partition

Zone within 150 mm of an angle formed by two adjoining
walls or partitions
Horizontal and vertical zones for an accessory on this
side of the wall or partition
Horizontal and vertical zones for an accessory on the
reverse side may extend to this side (see Note 4)

POCKET GUIDE 4

Contractors are advised to always check for
installed cables, or gas or water pipes before
carrying out work on or in traditional walls and
partitions. A cable/pipe detector can help
identification of installed cables or pipes.
Note 1: This Guide applies to cables installed at a depth of less

than 50 mm from the surfaces of a wall or partition. The
guide is not intended to replace the requirements of
Regulation 522.6.202 in BS 7671.
Note 2: Figures illustrate an example of the zones for cables
installed in a wall or partition between Rooms 1 and 2.

POCKET GUIDE 4
Note 3: Cables installed at a depth of less than 50 mm from the
surface of the wall or partition must not be routed outside
the zones illustrated, except for a cable incorporating or
provided with mechanical protection or a cable forming
part of a SELV or PELV circuit (522.6.204).
Note: Cable capping is unlikely to provide sufficient
protection.
Note 4: The doorway between Rooms 1 and 2 allows the position
of an accessory on one side of the wall to be determined
from the reverse side. If the thickness of the wall or partition
is 100 mm or less, the zones created due to the accessory
extend to the reverse side.
Note 5: Where a cable not meeting the requirements of
Regulation 522.6.204 is installed, additional protection
by RCD in accordance with Regulation 522.6.202 is
necessary
Note 6: For a cable installed in a wall or partition having internal
metallic parts, such as the framework (excluding nails,
screws and the like), irrespective of the cables buried depth,
additional protection by RCD is required (522.6.203), or a
cable meeting the requirements of Regulation 522.6.204
must be installed.
Note 7: RCDs provided for additional protection must have a rated
residual operating current (I∆n) not exceeding 30 mA
(415.1.1).
Note 8: It is good practice for the contractor to make the client
aware of the cable route zones permitted by BS 7671
when carrying out installation work.

POCKET GUIDE 5
Mounting heights of electrical
equipment in dwellings
Note 1: This Guide explains the requirements of BS 7671 and
those given in Approved Document M (ADM V1) of the
Building Regulations for England and Wales* relating to
the mounting heights of equipment in dwellings.
Note 2: ADM V1 of the Building Regulations for both England and
Wales require reasonable provision to be made for people
to gain access to and use a building and its facilities,
whilst assisting people whose reach is limited to use the
dwelling more easily by locating wall-mounted switches
and socket-outlets.
Note 3: ADM V1 is sub-divided into three categories of usage,
which apply to new dwellings, including:
• Category 1: Visitable dwellings;
• Category 2: Accessible and adaptable dwellings; and
• Category 3: Wheelchair user dwellings.
Category 1 is mandatory for all new dwellings unless one of
the optional requirements, Category 2 or Category 3, apply.
Note 4: A way of satisfying the above objective, and mandatory
requirements of Category 1, is to provide the centre line
of switches and socket-outlets for lighting and other
equipment in habitable rooms at appropriate heights
between 450 mm and 1200 mm from finished floor level
(see diagram).
*Currently (2022) the requirements of the Building Regulations for electrical
equipment mounting height for England and Wales correspond. However, due
to devolvement of the government in Wales and the giving of powers to the
Welsh Ministers the Building Regulations and therefore Approved Documents
in Wales may be subject to future changes

(Amended August 2022)
POCKET GUIDE 5
Sockets-outlet
Doorbell TV sockets
entry phone Telephone outlets
Consumer unit Switches
1350 mm 1200* mm 450* mm 300 mm

minimum maximum minimum minimum
height above height height from room
switches corners
Additionally for category 2 dwellings,

outlets, switches and controls should
be at least 300 mm from room corners
*For wheelchair users Category 3 applies (accessory centre line

700 mm - 1000 mm above floor level, and at a minimum of
700 mm horizontally from an inside corner)

POCKET GUIDE 5
Note 5: Additionally, the height of wall-mounted socket-outlets
and other accessories is required to be sufficient to avoid
them suffering wetting or impact, such as may result from
floor cleaning (Regulation Groups 522.3 and 522.6 of
BS 7671).
Note 6: Section 1.4 of the 2013 Edition of Approved Document P
(for use in England) states that one way of complying with
ADM V1 when installing consumer units in new dwellings
is for them to be mounted such that the switches are
between 1350 mm and 1450 mm above floor level.
Note 7: Regulation 553.1.6 requires that a wall-mounted socket-
outlet is at a sufficient height above the floor or any working
surface to minimise the risk of mechanical damage to the
socket-outlet or to an associated plug and flexible cord
during insertion, use or withdrawal of the plug. See the
illustrations after Note 8 regarding socket-outlets above
working surfaces.
The minimum height above the floor to the centre line
of a socket-outlet is 450 mm (see Note 4 and diagram
overleaf).
Note 8: If a dwelling is rewired there is no requirement to provide
the measures described in Notes 4 and 6; however, it
would be desirable to provide them.

POCKET GUIDE 5
THIS IS TO BE AVOIDED
Generally a minimum clearance

of 100 mm between a worktop
and the bottom of a socket-outlet
would be sufficient.
100 mm

POCKET GUIDE 6
Part P - Notifiable or not (England)
This Guide provides a quick reference to whether electrical
installation work that began on or after 6 April 2013 in a dwelling
or associated buildings or land in England needs to be notified
to a Building Control Body (BCB) in accordance with the Building
Regulations 2010 for England (the BR).
For guidance on whether electrical installation work in Wales is
notifiable, see NICEIC Pocket Guide 7.
A company registered with a Part P self-certification scheme, such
as those operated by NICEIC, is not required to notify a BCB prior
to carrying out ‘notifiable work’. However, the Part P registered
company must notify their relevant registration body following
completion of the notifiable work so that a copy of the Building
Regulations compliance certificate will be issued to the occupier,
and so that the certificate (or a copy of the information on it) will be
issued to the BCB.
For items of work not covered here, see Approved document P
2013 edition – for use in England to find out if they are notifiable.
The requirements of the BR and the issuing of electrical installation
certification apply irrespective of whether an item of electrical
installation work is notifiable or not.

POCKET GUIDE 6
Application of Part P
In England, Part P of the BR applies to electrical installations intended
to operate at low voltage (typically 230 V) or extra-low voltage:
• in or attached to a dwelling (house or flat), and associated
land (garden) and buildings, such as a garage, shed,
conservatory or greenhouse,
• in the common access areas (staircases and corridors
excluding the power supply to a lift) of buildings
containing flats,
• in shared amenities, such as a room used as a laundry or
kitchen within a building containing flats, and
• where business premises (excluding agricultural
buildings) and a dwelling share the same land and meter,
such as a shop and a dwelling.
Notifiable work
Anywhere in a dwelling or its surroundings:
• Installation of a new final circuit or distribution circuit,
whether at low voltage (typically 230 V) or extra-low
voltage.
• Replacement of a consumer unit.
Within a special location*:
• Any alteration or addition to an existing circuit, whether
at low voltage (typically 230 V) or extra-low voltage.
*A special location is a room containing a bath or shower, swimming pool
or a sauna heater. For a room containing a bath or shower, an alteration or
addition to an existing circuit is notifiable only where carried out in the space
surrounding a bath or shower (as illustrated below), rather than the whole
room volume, which is the case for rooms containing a swimming pool or
sauna heater. For a fuller explanation of special locations, see Section 2 of
Approved document P 2013 edition - for use in England.

POCKET GUIDE 6
Work is Part P notifiable
0.6 m
0.6 m
2.25 m from the floor

(or up to the height of
the shower head if
attached to the wall
or ceiling)
‡ Where there is no bath tub or shower tray, the space

extends horizontally from the centre point of the shower
head where it is attached to the wall or ceiling to a distance
of 1.2 metres.

POCKET GUIDE 6
Non-notifiable work
All electrical work that is not listed above under ‘Notifiable work’
need not be notified, namely:
• additions or alterations to existing installations outside
of special locations (but not including the provision of a
new circuit),
• replacements, repairs and maintenance anywhere,
• installing fixed current-using equipment (provided the
circuit protective device and current-carrying capacity
of conductors are suitable).

POCKET GUIDE 7
Part P - Notifiable or not (Wales)
This Guide provides a quick reference to whether certain common
items of electrical installation work in a dwelling or associated
garden, conservatory or outbuilding in Wales need to be notified
to a Building Control Body (BCB) in accordance with Part P of the
Building Regulations 2010 for England and Wales (BR).
This Guide does not apply to excepted energy buildings1 in Wales.
For guidance on whether electrical installation work in England is
notifiable, see pocket guide 6.
A company registered with a Part P self-certification scheme, such
as those operated by NICEIC, is not required to notify a BCB prior
to carrying out ‘notifiable work’. However, the company would
need to notify the self-certification scheme operator on completion
of the work.
The requirements of the BR and the issuing of appropriate electrical
installation certification apply irrespective of whether an item of
electrical work is notifiable or not.

POCKET GUIDE 7
Examples of notifiable work
Anywhere in a dwelling or its surroundings:
• A complete new installation or rewire.
• Changing a consumer unit.
• Installing –
• a new final circuit (e.g. for lighting, heating, socket-outlets, a
shower or a cooker),
• extra-low voltage2 lighting (other than pre-assembled CE
marked sets),
• a solar photovoltaic power supply,
• electric ceiling or floor heating,
• a small scale electricity generator,
• power or control wiring for a new central heating system.
Within a kitchen3 or special location4:
• Modifying a final circuit (e.g. adding a lighting point, fused
connection unit or socket-outlet).
Within a special location4:
• Installing telephone or extra-low voltage2 wiring and
equipment for the purposes of communications, information
technology, signalling, control or similar purposes.
• Installing a prefabricated equipment set (e.g. for lighting)
and associated flexible leads with integral plug and socket
connections5.

POCKET GUIDE 7
Outdoors:
• Installing garden lighting or power (for example a supply to
a garden shed, detached garage, other outbuilding, electric
gate or pond pump).
• Installing a socket-outlet.
• Installing a lighting point or other fixed current-using equipment
(for example an air conditioning unit or a radon fan)
Examples of non-notifiable work
• installing prefabricated ‘modular’ wiring systems5
• replacing a damaged cable for a single circuit, on a like-for-
like basis7
• replacing an accessory, such as a socket-outlet, control switch,
ceiling rose or a fused connection unit
• providing mechanical protection to an existing fixed
installation8
• installing or upgrading protective equipotential bonding
• installing a new or replacement item of current-using
equipment (such as a cooker) to an existing suitable circuit.
• modifying a final circuit, except in a kitchen3 or special
location4.

POCKET GUIDE 7
1 Broadly speaking, an excepted energy building is an energy infrastructure
building (such as a generating station) not wholly used for residential
purposes or as a shop, office, showroom or canteen. The legal definition is
given in The Welsh Ministers (Transfer of Functions) (No. 2) Order 2009. Pocket
Guide 6 (for England) may be used for excepted energy buildings in Wales.
2Extra-low voltage is defined in BS 7671 as ‘normally not exceeding 50 V AC
or 120 V ripple-free DC, whether between conductors or to earth’.
3A kitchen is defined in The Building (Amendment) (No.3) Regulations 2004
as ‘a room or part of a room which contains a sink and food preparation
facilities’. (A utility room, though it may contain a sink, does not fall within the
definition of a kitchen if it does not contain food preparation facilities).
4‘Special locations’ include locations containing a bath, shower, swimming
pool, paddling pool or a hot air sauna.
5The installation of prefabricated ‘modular’ systems (for example kitchen
lighting systems and armoured garden cabling) linked by plug and socket
connectors is not notifiable, provided that the products are CE-marked and
that any final connection in a kitchen or special location is made to a suitable
existing connection unit or point.
6Notification is not required if wiring to such outdoor equipment;
i. is not a new circuit, and
ii. passes directly through an outside wall into the equipment, and
iii. is not an extension to a special location or kitchen circuit.
7A like-for-like basis includes the condition that the replacement cable has the
same current-carrying capacity and follows the same route.
8If the circuit protective measures and current-carrying capacity of conductors
are unaffected by increased thermal insulation.

POCKET GUIDE 8
Supports for cables
Major axis
Cross-section through a flat type cable, cable overall diameter indicating the major axis.
Table 1. Non-armoured cable maximum support spacing

Cable overall diameter Maximum support spacing
(mm) Horizontala (mm) Verticalb (mm)
In general Caravans In general Caravans
Up to 9 250 400
Exceeding 9 but not
300 400
exceeding 15
250 400
Exceeding 15 but not
350 (all sizes) 450 (all sizes)
exceeding 20
Exceeding 20 but not
400 550
exceeding 40
Note: Wiring used in the electrical installation of a caravan must be of a type listed in
Regulation 721.521.2.
aHorizontal spacings are applicable to runs at an angle of more than 30° from the vertical.
bVertical spacings are applicable to runs at an angle of 30° or less from the vertical.
Table 2. Armoured cable maximum support spacing

Cable overall diameter (mm) Maximum support spacing
Horizontala (mm) Verticalb (mm)
Exceeding 9 but not exceeding 15 350 450

POCKET GUIDE 8
Table 3. Mineral insulated copper sheathed (MICS) fixing

Cable overall diameter (mm) Maximum support spacing
Horizontala (mm) Verticalb (mm)
Up to 9 600 800
Note 1: This Guide provides a quick reference to spacings of

cable support clips in accessible positions.
Note 2: The basic requirements for the support of cables are
given in Regulations 522.8.4 and 522.8.5 of BS 7671.
Note 3: BS 7671 requires the intervals between cable supports
(as well as the means of support) to be such that cables
do not suffer mechanical damage or strain. Tables 1, 2
and 3 of this Guide give suggested maximum spacings
between supports for both horizontal and vertical runs of
accessible cable.
Note 4: The means of fixing a cable must not cause damage to
the cable.

POCKET GUIDE 8
Note 5: As BS 7671 is principally concerned with the safety
aspects of support systems, supports additional to
those indicated in the tables are often needed to make
the finished installation visually acceptable. Additional
supports may also be needed in an installation subjected
to vibration of medium or high severity, or where there
is an increased risk of mechanical damage, such as by
accidental snagging of the cable.
Note 6: All cable supports are required to be of such construction
that they will not prematurely collapse at times of fire.
Non-metallic supports therefore should not be the sole
means of cable support where wiring systems hanging
across access or egress routes may hinder evacuation
and firefighting activities. (521.10.202).
Guidance on this subject is covered

in the NICEIC Site Guide
Newly updated to
BS 7671: 2018+A2:2022
18th Edition of the Wiring Regulations
Available from www.shop.niceic.com

POCKET GUIDE 9
Grades and categories for fire alarm
systems in domestic premises & HMOs
This Guide addresses some of the recommendations for Grades &
Categories of fire alarm system given in BS 5839-6:2019+A1:2020
– Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings –
Part 6: Code of practice for the design, installation, commissioning
and maintenance of fire detection and fire alarm systems in
domestic premises. The standard is applicable to new or materially
altered premises and houses in multiple occupation (HMOs).
There are six Grades of system, which identify the equipment
incorporated:
1. Grade A, incorporate fire smoke/heat detectors, separate
sounders, control and indicating equipment (CIE) and back-up
power supply, designed and installed to BS 5839-1.
2. Grade C, incorporate fire detectors and alarm sounders
(possibly combined smoke/heat alarms), mains-powered and
standby supply with central control equipment.
3. Grade D1, mains-powered smoke/heat alarms incorporating a
standby tamper-proof battery.
4. Grade D2, mains-powered smoke/heat alarms incorporating a
standby user-replaceable battery.
5. Grade F1, battery-powered smoke/heat alarms incorporating a
tamper-proof primary battery.
6. Grade F2, battery-powered smoke/heat alarms incorporating a
user-replaceable primary battery.
There are two Categories of system:
1. LD, for protection of life, and
2. PD, for protection of property.

POCKET GUIDE 9
The Categories are further subdivided numerically to identify the
level or protection afforded, for example:
• Category LD1 is a life protection system installed throughout
the premises other than toilets, bathrooms, shower rooms and
the like where there are negligible sources of ignition,
• Category LD2 is installed in all circulation spaces, and specified
rooms, and in all specified rooms or areas that present a high
fire risk to occupants, including any kitchen and the principal
habitable room,
• Category LD3, requires detectors in all circulation areas forming
part of an escape route.
It should be noted that for domestic premises, fire detection and
fire alarm systems are usually installed to protect life and rarely
installed solely for property protection (PD). The minimum standard
for life protection against fire given in Table 1 of BS 5839-6 for new
or materially altered single-family dwellings and HMOs includes:
• Grade D2, Category LD2 for an owner-occupied house of
three-storeys or less with no floor greater than 200 m2 in area,
or
• Grade D1, Category LD2 for a rented bungalow where floor
area may exceed 200 m2, and
• Grade D1, Category LD1 for HMOs of two-storeys or less with
no floor greater than 200 m2 in area.
An example of a Grade D2, Category LD2 system for a two-
storey dwelling with no floor greater than 200 m2 is shown in the
illustration. A system of Grade and Category higher than Grade D2,
Category LD2 may be required where the dwelling or HMO has an
increased fire risk due to, for example, the nature and use of the
building and/or the characteristics of the building occupants.

POCKET GUIDE 9
**
HA
HA Heat alarm (user-replaceable battery)

Mains power and interconnecting* wiring
Mains power supply
Smoke alarm (user-replaceable battery)
* Interconnection provided, so that all devices give a warning

if a fire is detected (see Clause 13.2(c) of BS 5839-6)
** Alternatively a carbon monoxide fire detector to BS EN 54-26

may be used (see Note D to Table 1 of BS 5839-6)

POCKET GUIDE 9
Where this is the case, Clause 9 (choice of system) and Table 1 of
BS 5839-6 should be consulted and an appropriate Grade and
Category selected. Although not comprehensive the following list
provides examples of where a system of higher than Grade D1/D2,
Category LD2 is recommended by Clause 9 and Table 1.
System Grade Recomended for

and Category
Grade A LD2 Owner-occupied four (or more) storey house.
Grade A LD2 Communal areas of HMOs.
A two-storey house where one or both floors exceed
Grade A LD2
200 m2 in area.
Premises having two or more storeys and more than four
Grade A LD1
bedrooms used as supported housing.

POCKET GUIDE 10
Initial verification, order of tests
Note 1: This Guide gives information on the order of tests for
the initial verification of an installation as required by
Regulation 643.1 of BS 7671, which also requires that;
• the test results are compared with relevant criteria, and
• any test that indicates a failure to comply with the criteria
is repeated after the fault is rectified, together with any
preceding test which may have been influenced by the
fault.
Note 2: Tests must NOT be carried out until inspection has been
completed (642.1).
Note 3: Precautions shall be taken to avoid danger to persons
and to avoid damage to property and installed equipment
during testing (641.4).
Note 4: Reference should be made to the NICEIC Pocket Guide 2
‘Isolation Procedure’ and Pocket Guide 3 ‘Test instrument
leads’ before carrying out any tests.
Note 5: Further information on testing is given in the NICEIC Guides
‘Inspection, Testing and Certification’ and ‘Site Guide for
Electrical Installations’.
Available from
www.shop.niceic.com

POCKET GUIDE 10
Note 6: Table 1 lists the order of tests (where relevant) to be carried
out before the supply is connected or with the supply
isolated (Main switch OFF) as appropriate.
Note 7: Table 2 lists a recomended order of tests (where relevant)
to be carried out AFTER the tests in Table 1 have been
completed satisfactorily and the supply has been
connected (Main Switch ON).
Table 1. Order of tests to be carried out with the supply ISOLATED

(AFTER the completion of inspection)
Order Test Regulation
• Continuity of protective conductors, or
1 • Continuity of ring final circuit conductors (as 643.2.1
appropriate)
• Insulation resistance, including (where applicable)
643.3
» protection by SELV, PELV or electrical separation,
2 643.4
and
643.5
» resistance/impedance of floors and walls
• Polarity
» at the origin of the installation (using a voltage
3 643.6
indicator), and
» by continuity methods
Where an installation forming part of a TT system

incorporates an earth electrode, either 643.1
4 • Earth electrode resistance test, or 643.7.2
• External earth fault loop impedance test with supply 643.7.1 b)
connected but before installation is energised

POCKET GUIDE 10
Table 2. Recommended order of tests to be carried out, where appropri-
ate, with the supply CONNECTED and Main switch ON (AFTER satisfactory
completion of the tests in Table 1)
Order Test Regulation
Where the installation relies on a public supply
5 earthing arrangement, 643.7.3.1
• Earth fault loop impedance at the origin
• Prospective fault current at the origin
6 643.7.3.201
(where necessary)
7 • Earth loop impedance of circuits 643.7.3.1
• Prospective fault current of circuits
8 643.7.3.201
(where necessary)
• Testing to verify operation of RCD providing fault
9 643.7.1
protection
• Testing to verify operation of RCD providing
10 643.8
additional protection
11 • Check of phase sequence (of polyphase circuits) 643.9
12 • Any functional testing deemed appropriate 643.10
• Verification of voltage drop (not normally required
13 643.11
during initial verification)

POCKET GUIDE 11
Sizing main protective bonding
conductors
This Guide gives information on the sizing of main protective
bonding conductors, based on the requirements given in Regulation
Group 544.1 of BS 7671.
Protective equipotential bonding is a provision under the
requirements for fault protection for protection against electric
shock where the protective measure is Automatic Disconnection
of Supply (ADS).
Arrangement of protective equipotential bonding
Where the protective measure is ADS, in each installation main
protective bonding conductors complying with Chapter 54 of
BS 7671 are required to connect to the main earthing terminal the
extraneous-conductive-parts of that installation including:
• metallic water installation pipes,
• metallic gas installation pipes,
• other metallic installation pipework and ducting,
• central heating and air conditioning systems,
• exposed metallic structural parts of the building.
Any bonding to a lightning protection system must be carried out
in accordance with BS EN 62305 (411.3.1.2).

POCKET GUIDE 11
Extraneous-conductive-part
other than pipework
(eg exposed structural metalwork)
Main protective
bonding conductors
Water Gas
meter meter
Metallic
Main Earthing Terminal pipework
Where Protective Multiple Earthing (PME) conditions do NOT

apply
Where PME conditions do not apply, Regulation 544.1.1 requires
a main protective bonding conductor to have a cross-sectional
area (csa) of not less than half the csa required for the earthing
conductor of the installation, and not less than 6 mm2. The csa
need not exceed 25 mm2 if the bonding conductor is of copper, or
a csa affording equivalent conductance in other metals.
Where an installation serves more than one building, the csa of the
main protective bonding conductor is selected in accordance with
the characteristics of the distribution circuit protective conductor
for that particular building.
Where PME conditions apply
Where PME conditions apply, Regulation 544.1.1 requires the main
protective bonding conductors to be selected in accordance with
the size of the combined protective and neutral (PEN) conductor of
the supply and Table 54.8 (data reproduced in this pocket guide
for reference).

POCKET GUIDE 11
Table 54.8 of BS 7671 – Minimum csa of the main protective bonding
conductor in relation to the PEN conductor of the supply
Copper equivalent csa of the Minimum copper equivalent* csa
PEN conductor of the main protective bonding
conductor
35 mm2 or less 10 mm2
over 35 mm2 up to 50 mm2 16 mm2
over 150 mm2 50 mm2
*The minimum copper equivalent csa is given by a copper bonding
conductor of the tabulated csa or a bonding conductor of another metal
affording equivalent conductance.
Note 1: Table 54.8 should be used as a guide only, and the specific
minimum requirements of the electricity distributor should
always be obtained with regard to the selection of main
protective bonding conductors.
Note 2: The PEN referred to in Table 54.8 is the neutral conductor
of the electricity distributor’s low voltage network. It is
not the neutral conductor on the consumer’s side of the
supply terminals, which may have a different csa.
The advice of the electricity distributor should always be obtained
where it is proposed to use a main protective bonding conductor
of a metal other than copper.

POCKET GUIDE 12
Sizing of protective conductors by
selection
Regulation Group 543.1 of BS 7671 requires that a protective
conductor other than protective bonding conductor is sized
either by calculation or selection. This guide covers the sizing of
protective conductors by selection, using Table 54.7.
It should be noted that where the choice of the cross-sectional-area
(csa) of the line conductors has been determined by considerations
of short-circuit current, and if the earth fault current is expected
to be less than the short-circuit current, the csa of the protective
conductor must be calculated (543.1.1).
Minimum protective conductor sizes
Certain lower limits apply to the csa of a protective conductor.
The size of the protective conductor used must be not less than
the appropriate limiting value (see below) and not less than that
determined by selection (see later).
Where a protective conductor is not an integral part of a cable
(such as a ‘twin & earth’ cable or an armoured cable); or formed by
conduit, ducting or trunking; or contained in an enclosure formed
by a wiring system, the csa of the protective conductor must not
be less than 2.5 mm2 copper equivalent if protection against
mechanical damage is provided (such as by a sheath), and not less
than 4 mm2 copper equivalent if protection against mechanical
damage is not provided (543.1.1).
Where PME conditions apply, a protective conductor used as an
earthing conductor must have a csa not less than that required by
Regulation 544.1.1 (refer to NICEIC Pocket Guide 11).
A protective conductor buried in the ground must have a csa not
less than that required by Table 54.1 of BS 7671.

POCKET GUIDE 12
Selecting the size of the protective conductor
The process of selection uses the csa (S) of the associated line
conductor and Table 54.7 of BS 7671 (data reproduced below in
part). Where the protective conductor is common to several circuits,
its csa should be based on the csa of the largest line conductor
of the circuits (543.1.2). Where selection produces a non-standard
size, a conductor having at least the nearest larger standard csa
should be used.
Data from Table 54.7 of BS 7671

CSA of line conductor S
S ≤ 16 16 < S ≤ 35 S > 35
(mm2)
Minimum csa of A S 16
the corresponding
protective conductor
B
(mm2)
The csa of the protective conductor must be not less than required
by Row A or Row B of the above table, as applicable.
Row A should be used where the protective conductor is of the
same material as the associated line conductor.
Row B should be used where the protective conductor is not of the
same material as the associated line conductor.
Where row B is used, values of k1 for the line conductor and k2
for the protective conductor are required. The values of k1 can
normally be determined from Table 43.1 of BS 7671, and of k2 from
Tables 54.2 to 54.6, as applicable (data reproduced in part next).
Note: The data from Table 54.6 of BS 7671 is outside the scope of
this pocket guide.

POCKET GUIDE 12
Values of K for common conductors
Conductor Insulation material K
70 °C thermoplastic 115/103*
90 °C thermoplastic 100/86*
Copper
60 °C thermosetting 141
90 °C thermosetting 143
Sheath material K
Copper - forming part of a
thermoplastic 115
mineral insulated cable
bare (unsheathed) 135/115**
*Indicates a conductor of csa greater than 300 mm2 **Value for bare exposed to touch

Values of k for insulated protective conductor not incorporated in a cable
and not bunched with cables, or for separate bare protective conductor in
contact with cable covering but not bunched with cables.
Insulation of protective conductor or cable covering
Material of
70 °C 90 °C 90 °C
conductor
thermoplastic thermoplastic thermosetting
Copper 143/133* 143/133* 176
Aluminium 95/88* 95/88* 116
Steel 52 52 64
*Indicates a conductor of csa greater than 300 mm2

Values of k for protective conductor incorporated in a cable or bunched with
cables, where the assumed initial temperature is 70 °C or greater.
Insulation material
Material of
70 °C 90 °C 90 °C
conductor
Copper 115/103* 100/86* 143
*Indicates a conductor of csa greater than 300 mm2

POCKET GUIDE 12
Values of k for the sheath or armour of a cable as a protective conductor.
Insulation material
Material of
70 °C 90 °C 90 °C
conductor
Aluminium 93 85 85
Steel 51 46 46
Lead 26 23 23

Values of k for steel conduit, ducting and trunking as the protective conductor.
Insulation material
70 °C thermoplastic 90 °C thermoplastic 90 °C thermosetting
47 44 58

POCKET GUIDE 13
Sizing of protective conductors by
calculation
Regulation Group 543.1 of BS 7671 requires that a protective
conductor other than a protective bonding conductor is sized
either by calculation or selection. This Guide covers the sizing of
protective conductors by calculation, which uses the adiabatic
equation, as explained later. Information on sizing of protective
conductors by selection is given in pocket guide 12.
A protective conductor must always be sized by calculation where
the line conductor has been sized by considerations of short-circuit
current and if the earth fault current is expected to be less than the
short-circuit current (543.1.1).
Minimum protective conductor sizes
Certain lower limits apply to the cross-sectional-area (csa) of the
protective conductor. The size of the protective conductor used
must not be less than the limiting values given in Regulations 543.1.1
and, where applicable, 544.1.1 as discussed in pocket guide 12.
Calculating the size of the protective conductor
The csa of the protective conductor, where calculated, is to be no
less than the value (S) determined using the adiabatic equation
(543.1.3).
Where:
S is the nominal csa of the protective conductor in mm2.
I is the value in amperes (rms for AC) of the fault current for
a fault of negligible impedance, which can flow through the
associated protective device, due account being taken of
the current limiting effect of the circuit impedances and the
limiting capability (I2t) of that protective device.

POCKET GUIDE 13
t is the operating time of the disconnecting device in seconds
corresponding to the fault current (I) in amperes.
k is a factor taking account of the resistivity, temperature
coefficient and heat capacity of the conductor material,
and the appropriate initial and final temperatures of the
conductors.
Where a non-standard size is calculated, a conductor having at
least the nearest larger standard csa should be used.
Where the protective conductor is common to several circuits, the
calculation process should be based on the most onerous values
of fault current (I) and operating time (t) (or energy let-through (I2t))
encountered in each of the circuits (543.1.2).
Determining the values of fault current (I) and time (t)
The value of fault current (I) used in the adiabatic equation is
normally determined by calculation, from the following formula:
Where:
I the fault current (I) at the furthest point in the circuit.
U0 the nominal voltage.
Zs the measured value of earth fault loop impedance corrected
to allow for the circuit conductors being at their normal
operating temperature.
The value of operating time (t) for the disconnecting device, for use
in the adiabatic equation, can often be found from the time/current
characteristic for the device. An example of determining t is given
next.

POCKET GUIDE 13
FUSES TO BS 88-2 FUSE SYSTEM E AND G
Example only, do not use for design
10
1
TIME, SECONDS
0.1
6A 20 A 32 A 50 A 80 A 125 A 200 A
10 100 1000 I 10000
PROSPECTIVE CURRENT, r.m.s. AMPERES
It can be seen from the time/current characteristic of the 200 A

BS 88 fuse (above) that, with a fault current (I) of 2000 A, the
protective device has an operating time (t) of 0.5 seconds.
However, where the value of I is so high that the corresponding
value of t is not shown in the time/current characteristic for the
disconnecting device, the value of energy let-through (I2t) should
be obtained from the device manufacturer and substituted into the
adiabatic equation.
The use of a value of I2t obtained from the manufacturer may also
be necessary in the following circumstances:
• for operating times (less than 0.1 s) where asymmetry of current
is significant, such as for a protective device close to the output
terminals of a generator or transformer
• where the protective device is a current limiting circuit-breaker
or fuse that will ‘cut off’ or limit the current during prospective
earth fault conditions.

POCKET GUIDE 13
Value of k for use in the adiabatic equation
Values of k for protective conductors for use in the adiabatic
equation, may be obtained from Tables 54.2, 54.3, 54.4, 54.5 and
54.6 of BS 7671, extracts from which are reproduced in pocket
guide 12, for the most common situations.

POCKET GUIDE 14
IP Codes
This Guide gives basic information about the IP (International
Protection) code, based on information given in BS EN 60529:
1992+A2:2013 – Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP
code), where you can find further details if necessary.
BS EN 60529 describes a system for classifying the degree of
protection given by enclosures of electrical equipment. This is to
protect:
a. persons against ‘access to hazardous parts inside an enclosure’,
and
b. equipment inside an enclosure against the ‘ingress of solid
foreign objects or dust’ and ‘the harmful effects from ingress of
water or moisture’.
Electrical equipment enclosures are classified in the form IPXX. As
appropriate, the first and/or second X is replaced by a number as
shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively, of this guide.
As an example, for IP2X, the 2 (from Table 1) defines an enclosure
giving protection against ingress of solid foreign objects with
a diameter of 12.5 mm, and from a finger being inserted and
accessing hazardous parts; the X means there is no protection
against ingress of water specified.
A letter A, B, C or D, as shown in Table 3, is sometimes added after
1st and 2nd numbers. The designation IPXX followed by a letter,
means that the first and second numbers are not specified, and the
letter denotes the degree of protection provided against access to
live parts.

POCKET GUIDE 14
Table 1. First number of IP codes
1st Protection of equipment inside the Protection of persons
number enclosure against ingress of solid against access to
objects or dust hazardous (live or moving)
parts inside the enclosure
0 No protection No protection
50 mm diameter
1 Back of hand
solid foreign object
Finger
12.5 mm diameter
2 Standard joint test (12 mm
diameter, 80 mm length)
2.5 mm diameter
3 Tool
1.0 mm diameter
4 Wire
5 Dust-protected Wire
6 Dust-tight Wire

POCKET GUIDE 14
Table 2. Second number of IP code
2nd Protection of equipment inside the enclosure against ingress of
number water with harmful effects
0 No protection
Vertically falling water drops, such as from

1 condensation from surfaces above the
enclosure
Vertically falling water drops when the
2 enclosure is tilted at any angle up to 15 ° from
the vertical
Water sprayed at any angle up to 60 ° on

3
either side of the vertical
Water splashed against the enclosure from

4
any direction
Water jets projected against the enclosure

5
from any direction, such as from hosepipes
Powerful water jets projected against the

6 enclosure from any direction, such as from
power jet sprays, or sea waves
‘Temporary’ immersion of enclosure in water

7
under specified conditions
‘Continuous’ immersion of enclosure under

8
specified conditions
Water at high pressure and temperature

9 against the enclosure from any direction, such
as from steam cleaning

POCKET GUIDE 14
Equipment enclosures of an installation need to be correctly
selected, installed and maintained to meet the requirements of
BS 7671, and the manufacturer. For example, an enclosure needs
to have an appropriate IP code, and impact resistance against any
likely mechanical damage. Cable glands fitted to an enclosure also
need to have an IP code at least equal to that of the enclosure.
Covers of an enclosure need to be securely fixed, and access
doors left tightly shut.
Table 3. Additional letter of IP code
Letter Protection of persons against access to hazardous (live or moving)
parts inside the enclosure
A Back of hand (50 mm diameter)
Standard jointed test finger

B
(12 mm diameter, 80 mm length)
C Tool 2.5 mm diameter, 100 mm length
D Wire 1.0 mm diameter, 100 mm length

POCKET GUIDE 15
Maximum measured values of earth
fault loop impedance (ZS)
The values of maximum earth fault loop impedance (Zs) given in
Tables 41.2, 41.3 and 41.4 in Chapter 41 of BS 7671: 2018+A2:2022,
for commonly-used overcurrent protective devices should not
be exceeded when the conductors are at their normal operating
temperature (such as up to 70 °C for thermoplastic insulated
conductors).
However, values of Zs are generally obtained under no-load
conditions, when the conductors are at ambient temperature
(usually not exceeding 20 °C) and their resistance is therefore
lower than when at normal operating temperature.
Where this is the case, then as indicated in Appendix 3 of BS 7671,
the fault protection requirements of Regulations 411.4.4 (TN system)
or 411.5.4 (TT system) are considered to be met when the measured
value of Zs does not exceed 80 % of the applicable maximum value
(such as that given in Tables 41.2, 41.3 and 41.4 of BS 7671).
Tables 1 and 2 of this pocket guide give maximum measured values
of Zs for fuses and circuit-breakers or the overcurrent characteristic
of RCBOs, equal to 80 % (rounded down) of the applicable maximum
values given in Tables 41.2, 41.3 & 41.4 of BS 7671.
Note: Values of Zs for disconnection times other than 0.4 s or 5 s
shown may be required by BS 7671. For example, 0.2 s may be
required for a 230 V final circuit not exceeding 63 A supplying one
or more socket-outlets in a TT system (Table 41.1).
The values of Zs in Tables 1 and 2 are based on the ‘worst case
limits’ of BS 7671. Some manufacturers’ protective devices operate
at higher values of Zs than the values shown.

POCKET GUIDE 15
Where a measured value of Zs exceeds the value given in Table 1
or 2, as applicable, a more precise assessment of compliance with
Regulation 411.4.5 or 411.5.4 may be made by evaluating the value
of Zs by calculation.
Table 1. Maximum measured values of Zs for fuses
Fuses
Rated BS 88-2 BS 88-3
BS 88 (gG) BS 1361 or
Current BS 3036 Fuse systems Fuse system
Parts 2 & 6 BS 1362
(A) E and G* C
0.4 s 5s 0.4 s 5s 0.4 s 5s 0.4 s 5 s 0.4 s 5s
2 26.48 35.20
3 12.48 17.60
4 12.48 16.80
5 7.94 12.48 7.28 13.44 7.94 11.68
6 6.47 10.28 6.24 9.60
10 3.88 5.63 3.72 5.44 3.71 5.45
13 1.84 2.91
15 2.49 3.80 1.94 4.06
16 2.05 3.17 1.94 3.20 1.84 3.12
20 1.34 2.20 1.28 2.12 1.34 2.91 1.34 2.24 1.54 2.56
25 1.08 1.74 1.03 1.76
30 0.87 1.39 0.83 2.00
32 0.79 1.39 0.79 1.36 0.72 1.28
40 0.62 1.02 0.6 1.04
45 0.43 0.72 0.44 1.20 0.45 0.80
50 0.45 0.79 0.45 0.79
60 0.28 0.52 0.32 0.85
63 0.34 0.62 0.35 0.62 0.28 0.54
80 0.23 0.43 0.21 0.37 0.44 0.40
100 0.17 0.31 0.14 0.27 0.14 0.40 0.33 0.30
125 0.12 0.24 0.25
160 0.09 0.19 0.21
200 0.07 0.14 0.14

POCKET GUIDE 15
Table 2. Maximum measured values of Zs for circuit-breakers or the
overcurrent characteristic of RCBOs
Circuit-breakers to BS 3871 or BS EN 60898 or
Rated RCBOs to BS EN 61009
Current Type 3
Type 1 Type 2 Type B Type D
(A) &C
0.4 s to 5 s 0.4 s 5s
2
3 11.65
5 8.73 4.99 3.49 1.74 3.49
6 7.28 4.16 5.82 2.91 1.45 2.91
10 4.36 2.49 3.49 1.75 0.87 1.75
15 2.91 1.66 1.16 0.57 1.16
16 2.72 1.56 2.18 1.09 0.54 1.09
20 2.18 1.24 1.75 0.87 0.44 0.87
25 1.74 0.99 1.40 0.69 0.35 0.69
30 1.45 0.83 0.57 0.28 0.57
32 1.36 0.77 1.09 0.54 0.27 0.54
40 1.08 0.62 0.87 0.44 0.21 0.44
45 0.96 0.55 0.77 0.38 0.19 0.38
50 0.87 0.49 0.69 0.35 0.17 0.35
63 0.68 0.39 0.55 0.28 0.13 0.28
80 0.54 0.31 0.44 0.21 0.11 0.21
100 0.43 0.24 0.35 0.17 0.08 0.17
125 0.28 0.13 0.07 0.13
Guidance on measuring and reporting measured values of Zs is

given in the NICEIC ‘Inspection, Testing and Certification’ Guide.

POCKET GUIDE 16
Sizing earthing conductors
This Guide gives information on determining the cross-
sectional area (csa) for an earthing conductor as required by
BS 7671: 2018+A2:2022.
Regulation 542.3.1 requires that every earthing conductor must
comply with Section 543, which includes determining the csa
required by selection or calculation (see pocket guides 12 or 13,
respectively).
Where PME conditions apply, the csa of an earthing conductor
must also meet the requirements of Regulation 544.1.1 of a main
protective bonding conductor (see pocket guide 11).
Circuit protective conductors

and main protective
bonding conductors
Main Earthing Terminal
Earthing conductor
Distributor’s earthing
facility (TN system)
or installation Means of earthing
earth electrode
(TT or IT system)
The earthing conductor of an installation in relation

to the MET and the means of earthing

POCKET GUIDE 16
Sizing earthing conductors
Additionally, an earthing conductor buried in the ground must have
a csa not less than that given in Table 54.1 of BS 7671 (reproduced
below for ease of reference).
Minimum cross-sectional area of a buried earthing conductor

Protected against Not protected against
mechanical damage mechanical damage
Protection against 2.5 mm2 copper 16 mm2 copper
corrosion by sheath 10 mm2 steel 16 mm2 coated steel
Not protected against 25 mm2 copper
corrosion 50 mm2 steel
The thickness of a tape or strip conductor must be suitable to

withstand mechanical damage and corrosion. BS 7430 – Code
of practice for protective earthing of electrical installations
recommends that unprotected strip conductors are not less than
3 mm thick (clause 9.7 refers).
SAFETY ELECTRICAL
CONNECTION Earthing
DO NOT REMOVE SAFETY ELECTRICAL
conductor CONNECTION
DO NOT REMOVE
Non-metallic
conduit or duct
Earthing conductor protected against corrosion

POCKET GUIDE 17
Holes and notches in joists
Electrical installers erecting electrical systems within premises of
traditional construction often need to cut notches or drill holes in
joists for the passage of cables and/or their enclosures.
No wiring system should penetrate an element of building
construction which is intended to be load bearing unless the
integrity of the load-bearing element can be assured after such
penetration (522.8.14).
Clear practical guidance on drilling or notching joists in a manner
that does not detrimentally affect their load bearing capability
is given in BS 6891: 2015 Specification for the installation and
maintenance of low pressure gas installation pipework of up to
35 mm (R11⁄4) on premises. The advice given in this standard and
used as the basis of this guide is equally applicable when installing
cables and/or wiring systems as it is to gas pipework.
Where cables or other wiring systems are installed within roof
spaces, building elements such as roof rafters, purlins, trussed
rafters, bracing, etc., may only be notched, drilled or cut away with
the approval of a structural engineer.

POCKET GUIDE 17
Fig 1. Acceptable alternative arrangements for notching
≤0.25L ≤0.2L
≤0.125D
≥0.07L ≥0.1L
≤0.15
0.5D 0.5D
D ≤250
≥100 mm
L
Note 1: Notch dimensions applicable to top or bottom of joist.

Note 2: Notching can be carried out at both ends, on either the
top or the bottom (but not both at the same end) without a
design check.
Fig 2. Limits for drilling joists where drilling and notching occur
≤0.4L ≤0.4L
≥0.25L ≥0.25L
0.5D 0.5D
D ≤250
≤0.25D
Hole centres at least 3 x their diameter apart

L
Note 3: Holes must be located at least 100 mm horizontally from

notches.

POCKET GUIDE 17
Fig 3. Limits for drilling of joist where no notching has been carried out
≤0.4L
≥0.1L
0.5D 0.5D
D ≤150
Hole centres at least 3 x the diameter

of the largest hole apart
Note 4: A maximum of 8 × 30 mm holes is permitted within each

drilling zone. No notching is permitted.
Fig 4. Installation of wiring systems in metal web joists
Don’t drill holes

in the timber chords
Don’t cut through Don’t cut notches

the timber chords in the timber chords
Do use web opening

for sevices
Don’t cut or remove

any of the metal webbing

POCKET GUIDE 17
Fig 5. Drilling/notching of timber-engineered joists
Do not notch timber
Do not make
holes in timber
Do not notch timber
Do not drill timber

POCKET GUIDE 18
Cables passing through or over joists
Cables that pass through or over timber joists can be particularly
vulnerable to damage from impact, which can lead to a risk of
electric shock or fire unless suitable measures are taken to provide
protection.
In order to protect against impact, Regulation 522.6.201 of
BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 requires a cable installed under a floor or
above a ceiling to be installed in such a position where it is not
liable to be damaged by contact with the floor or ceiling or their
fixings (nails, screws or the like).
This Regulation also requires that where a cable passes through a
joist of a floor or ceiling construction or through a ceiling support
(e.g. under floorboards) the cable should be:
i. Installed at least 50 mm measured vertically from the top, or
bottom as appropriate, of the joist or batten, or
ii. m
eet one (or more) of the requirements given in
Regulation 522.6.204, described below;
– incorporate an earthed metallic covering which meets with
the requirements of BS 7671 for a protective conductor of
the circuit concerned, or
– b
e enclosed in earthed metallic conduit meeting the
requirements of BS 7671 for a protective conductor, or
– b
e enclosed in earthed metallic trunking or ducting meeting
the requirements of BS 7671 for a protective conductor, or
– b
e provided with mechanical protection having sufficient
strength to prevent penetration of the cable by fixings, or
– form part of a SELV or PELV circuit complying with
Regulation 414.4.

POCKET GUIDE 18
An example of the methods to minimise impact to cables of
Regulations 522.6.201 and 522.6.204 (except use of SELV/PELV
which is self-explanatory) is illustrated below.
1. Earthed metallic sheath

2. Earthed containment
Non-metallic
sheathed cable
Ceiling board
Minimum 50 mm
to top or bottom,
as appropriate, of joist 3. Suitable mechanical protection
For points 1. 2. & 3. above see

corresponding points within Note
Explanatory text for cables installed under a floor or above a

ceiling –
Note: Regulation 522.6.201 specifies a minimum depth of 50 mm
from the top or bottom, as appropriate, of a joist or batten
to minimise the risk of a cable being penetrated by a fixing
(nail, screw or the like) used to fix the floorboards or ceiling
boards to the joist. Where the contractor suspects that a
depth of 50 mm will not be sufficient, the cable must be
installed at an increased depth.
Where a joist, due to its dimensions, does not permit an
increased depth (or the 50 mm previously mentioned),
one (or more) of the following methods should be used;

POCKET GUIDE 18
1. Regulation 522.6.204* specifies the use of cables
complying with BS 5467, BS 6724, BS 7846, BS 8436
and BS EN 60702-1, such as mineral insulated copper
sheathed or steel wire armoured (swa) cables.
The intention of installing such cables is to ensure that
should a fixing penetrate a cable it cannot make contact
with a live conductor without first coming into contact
with the earthed metallic covering, thereby providing a
direct path for earth fault current to flow so that automatic
disconnection of the circuit occurs.
Also, Regulation 543.2.5 requires that where the metallic
covering of a cable is used as a protective conductor,
the metallic covering should satisfy the requirements of
items (i) and (ii) of Regulation 543.2.2, relating to electrical
continuity and cross-sectional area, respectively.
2. Regulation 522.6.204 specifies conduit complying with
BS EN 61386-21 and trunking or ducting complying
with BS EN 50085-2-1. The intention of installing these
earthed containment systems to enclose cables in floors
and ceilings is to provide similar protection as given in 1.
3. The electrical industry recognises that steel having a
minimum thickness of 3 mm may be suitable to prevent
penetration of a cable by fixings.
*The titles of the British Standards given in Regulation 522.6.204 can be found
in Appendix 1 of BS 7671.

POCKET GUIDE 19
Emergency lighting Part 1.
General lighting for escape routes
This Guide covers the recommendations for emergency lighting in
escape routes, contained in BS 5266-1 2016: Code of practice for
the emergency lighting of premises.
Part 2 of this Guide (pocket guide 20) covers emergency lighting
for control rooms, high risk task areas and open areas. As this guide
provides only a reminder of the main recommendations, contractors
involved in emergency lighting work should, where necessary,
consult the BS 5266 series to ensure its recommendations and
requirements are complied with in the design, construction,
verification and certification of emergency lighting installations.
Escape route lighting
Fir
Fir Ex e
it
Ex e
it
PU
SH
TO
O
PE
N
PU
SH
TO
O
PE
N
e
Firit
Ex
Final Exit

POCKET GUIDE 19
The purpose of escape lighting is to enable buildings to be safely
evacuated should the normal lighting fail (clause 5.2.1). The lighting
should provide the appropriate visual conditions and direction-
finding on escape routes and ensure that fire-fighting and safety
equipment can be readily located and used (clause 5.2.8.1).
To minimise the risk of parts of the escape route being in total
darkness should a emergency light fail, illuminance should be
provided by at least two luminaires (clause 6.3).
Where the building is not intended to be evacuated immediately, it
may be necessary to provide emergency safety lighting in rooms
where occupants can ‘stay put’ (clause 5.3).
For reliability, and to minimise glare, a larger number of lower
output luminaires placed close together is preferred to a few high
output luminaires spaced further apart (clause 6.5).
Emergency lighting should be provided at the following locations:
Exit doors – Junctions –
Within 2 m of Within 2 m of
an exit door escape route
intended to junctions.
be used in an
emergency.
Corridors – Stairways –
Within 2 m Within 2 m
horizontal horizontal
distance of distance of
a change of change in floor
direction in an level or stairs
escape route. (each tread to
receive direct
light).

POCKET GUIDE 19
Alarm areas – Outside the
Fire alarms, building –
first aid points Externally to
& firefighting illuminate the
FIRST AID
POINT
equipment, install route to a place
within 2 m of safety.
horizontal
distance.
The Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting (ICEL)* provide

verification of photometric data for emergency lighting luminaires.
In accordance with this photometric data, emergency lighting
manufacturers produce spacing tables for their luminaires. These
tables show the maximum distances between luminaires for a
given mounting height. Installing luminaires in accordance with the
relevant spacing table will ensure the minimum lighting level will
be achieved.
Escape route corridors:
• 1 lux minimum on the centre line of the escape route
(clause 5.2.5).
Open areas:
• 0.5 lux minimum in the central core to within 0.5 m of the
walls (clause 5.2.6).
Escape route signs:
• Signs designated as E001 and E002 in BS EN 7010: 2012+A5
should be used (subclause 5.2.9.1.1 of BS 5266-1). Signs
should be either back illuminated or have an emergency
luminaire within 2 m of horizontal height. Signs should be of
the same format throughout the building.
*ICEL formulates and promotes standards for emergency lighting and provides
guidance on that subject to specifiers, users and contractors. Visit: www.icel.co.uk

POCKET GUIDE 20
Emergency lighting Part 2.
Control rooms, high risk task areas
and open areas
This guide covers the recommendations for emergency lighting in
control rooms, high risk task areas and the open areas of buildings
that are contained in BS 5266-1: 2016 Code of practice for the
emergency lighting of premises.
Part 1 (pocket guide 19) deals with general escape route lighting.
As this guide provides only a reminder of the main recommendations
of BS 5266-1, contractors involved in emergency lighting work
should, where necessary, consult the BS 5266 series to ensure
its recommendations and requirements are complied with in the
design, construction, verification and certification of the emergency
lighting installation.
Control rooms
Emergency lighting is needed in control, plant and switch rooms
to support personnel who may need to undertake tasks or
corrective actions to restore the lighting, such as to replace an
electrical fuse, reset a circuit-breaker or confirm the operation of
a standby generator. In circumstances where a generator supplies
the emergency lighting, battery-powered emergency luminaires
should be provided in the vincinity of the generator (clause 5.2.8.6).
High risk task area lighting
Emergency lighting is needed to safeguard people who are
involved in a potentially dangerous process or situation. Its purpose
is to enable shut-down procedures to be properly carried out in a
way that the operator and other occupants of the building are not
put into harm’s way, such as by walking into dangerous machinery,
(clause 5.2.7 of BS 5266-1).

POCKET GUIDE 20
Open area (or anti-panic) lighting
Emergency lighting is needed in large rooms and/or open areas to
help reduce the likelihood of panic and to enable safe movement
of occupants towards escape routes by providing appropriate
visual conditions and direction finding (clause 3.14 of BS 5266-1).
Fir
Ex e
it
Escalators – Toilets –
Should not be Install in all toilets
used as an exceeding 8 m2
escape route, area or where
but require the natural light is not
same illumination present.
to protect users
when the supply
fails.

POCKET GUIDE 20
Lifts – Control rooms –
To provide Motor, generator,
emergency control and
illumination in all plant rooms for
lifts. essential and
safety services.
High risk areas – Open areas –

Should be Either risk
illuminated to at assessed
least 10 % of the to require
Fi
re
Ex
it
average normal emergency

lighting or lighting or
15 lux, whichever passing through
is greater a floor area larger
(BS EN 1838 and than 60 m2.
clause 5.2.7 of
BS 5266-1).
When luminaires have been sited to cover locations shown in this

guide, additional luminaires may be required to ensure minimum
lighting levels are achieved — ICEL manufacturers provide spacing
tables for this purpose.
These tables show the maximum distances between luminaires for
a given mounting height. Installing luminaires in accordance with
the relevant spacing table will ensure the minimum lighting level
will be achieved.
Escape route corridors:
• 1 lux minimum on the centre line of the escape route of width
up to 2 m.

POCKET GUIDE 20
Open areas:
• Emergency lighting should be provided for rooms with a floor
area greater than 60 m2 or those, such as windowless areas,
that have been risk assessed as needing emergency lighting.
These open areas should be provided with a minimum
horizontal illuminance of 0.5 lux at floor level, excluding a
border of 0.5 m around the perimeter.
Escape route signs:
• Should be located and operated in accordance with
BS 5499-4:2013 (clause 5.2.9.1.1 of BS 5266-1).
Further information:
The Industry Committee for Emergency Lighting formulates and
promotes standards for emergency lighting and provides guidance
on that subject to specifiers, users and contractors. For further
information on installation design requirements, visit the ICEL
website at www.icel.co.uk

POCKET GUIDE 21
RCDs - operating times
Fault protection
Where an RCD is installed to provide fault protection in an
installation forming part of a TN or TT system, Regulation 643.7.1
requires verification of its effectiveness to provide automatic
disconnection of supply taking into account the operating
characteristic of the RCD employed.
Initially, the RCD should be visually inspected to confirm that it is of
an appropriate type, rated current or current setting, and sensitivity
in terms of its rated residual operating current for its intended
purpose.
Testing should then be carried out using suitable test equipment.
The notes to Regulation 643.7.1 a) (TN system) or 643.7.1 b)
(TT system) state that:
Regardless of RCD Type, effectiveness is deemed to have been
verified where an RCD disconnects within the time stated below with
an alternating current test at rated residual operating current (IΔn):
• For general non-delay type, 300 ms maximum.
• For delay ‘S’ type RCD, between 130 ms minimum and 500 ms
maximum.
The disconnection time obtained should be recorded on the
schedule of test results accompanying the Electrical Installation
Certificate or in Part 4 of the Minor Electrical Installation Works
Certificate.

POCKET GUIDE 21
Additional protection
Where an RCD is installed to provide additional protection in an
installation forming part of a TN or TT system, Regulation 643.8
requires its effectiveness to be verified by visual inspection and
testing.
The purpose of the visual inspection is to confirm that the RCD has
a rated residual operating current (IΔn) not exceeding 30 mA as
required by Regulation 415.1.1 and is of an appropriate Type taking
into account the nature of the installed equipment and the other
types of RCD installed upstream.
Regardless of RCD Type, effectiveness is deemed to have been
verified where an RCD disconnects within the time stated below
with an alternating current test at rated residual operating current
(IΔn):
• For general non-delay type - 300 ms maximum.
The disconnection time obtained should be recorded on the
schedule of test results accompanying the Electrical Installation
Certificate or in Part 4 of the Minor Electrical Installation Works
Certificate.
Note: There is no requirement to carry out a test at half the rated
residual operating current during initial verification and
so such testing is not discussed in this guide. However,
such a test might be useful when fault finding during
maintenance or fault finding procedures.

POCKET GUIDE 22
Insulation resistance testing -
low voltage and FELV circuits
This guide covers insulation resistance (IR) testing of low voltage
(LV) circuits – typically 230/400 V rated, and FELV circuits. It does
not cover IR testing of SELV and PELV circuits; see NICEIC pocket
guide 23.
IR testing is one of the vital safety checks that must be carried out
(with satisfactory results) before circuits are first energised (643.1
and 643.3), and which should also be repeated periodically during
the life of an installation.
IR testing can reveal dangerous conditions such as contact
between for example, a live conductor and a metal support
bracket or a metal frame of a partition, due to a screw penetrating
a concealed cable. To increase the chance of revealing such
hazards, the protective conductors MUST be connected to the
earthing arrangement of the installation; that is, the distributor’s
earthing facility (TN system) or installation earth electrode
(TT system), when IR testing between live conductors and
protective conductors is carried out (643.3.1).
Comparing the results of IR tests with relevant criteria gives an
indication of the condition of conductor insulation. A minimum IR
value of 1.0 MΩ is considered satisfactory for LV and FELV circuits
where the main switchboard and each distribution circuit are
tested separately, with final circuits connected but current-using
equipment disconnected (643.3.2). However, much higher readings
should usually be expected, especially for individual circuits, for
which readings could be 200 MΩ or more.
For tests on an existing installation, the measured IR values should
be compared with any available records of measured IR values
from previous testing, to identify any deterioration.

POCKET GUIDE 22
Procedure
1. Persons carrying out IR testing must be suitably competent
and must follow a safe working procedure.
2. Securely isolate the installation and/or circuits to be
tested and confirm with a suitable test instrument that
no dangerous voltage is present. Pocket guide 2 gives
information on safe isolation procedure.
3. All circuits must be tested at least once after installation at
the DC test voltage prescribed in Table 64 of BS 7671 for
the circuit’s nominal voltage. Unless carried out prior to
the connection of equipment, disconnect and/or unplug
equipment likely to influence, or be damaged by, IR
testing, before carrying out this test.
4. Once the equipment is connected, a test at 250 V DC
should be carried out between live conductors and
the protective conductor connected to the earthing
arrangement. This is primarily to confirm the effectiveness
of connections. Even though the test has been performed
at 250 V DC, the measured insulation resistance must be
at least 1 MΩ (643.3.3). The note to Regulation 643.3.3
states that Manufacturer’s instructions may recommend
some equipment to be disconnected during 250 V DC
insulation resistance tests as it may influence the results
of the test.
5. When testing a distribution board or distribution circuit,
ensure all relevant devices controlling outgoing circuits,
such as circuit-breakers, are closed, so all relevant parts
of the installation are tested. Two-way (and intermediate)
switching should be operated during the test procedure
and the test repeated so that all live conductors are
subjected to IR testing.

POCKET GUIDE 22
6. Carry out IR testing using a test instrument to
BS EN 61557-2 set to 500 V DC or, 250 V DC, as
appropriate and to the highest resistance range on the
instrument such as 200 MΩ, as follows:
For single-phase circuits, between:
• Line and neutral
• Line and neutral conductors temporarily connected
together and the protective conductor (connected to
the earthing arrangement).
For a three-phase installation, between:
• Line 1 and Line 2
• Line conductors temporarily connected together and
neutral
• Line and neutral conductors temporarily connected
together and the protective conductor (connected to
the earthing arrangement).
7. Compare the results obtained with the minimum
satisfactory value of 1.0 MΩ and, for an existing installation,
with records of previous tests.

POCKET GUIDE 22
Points to remember
• A good insulator should have high resistance, typically
many megohms (MΩ). Any lower than expected IR test
results must be investigated.
They could indicate:
– a dangerous condition in the installation, and/or
– current-using equipment is connected, and/or
– for an existing installation, noticeable deterioration.
• Reconnect any equipment disconnected during
stages 3 and/or 4, after IR testing has been performed.
• Do not energise a circuit unless all ‘dead’ test results
are satisfactory.
INSTALLATION MUST BE
CONNECTED TO EARTH
50
0V
25
0V
20
OF 00
F MΩ
Co 20
nt 0M
1M Ω
Ω
20
20 0Ω
TE Ω
ST

POCKET GUIDE 23
Insulation resistance testing -
SELV and PELV circuits
This guide covers insulation resistance (IR) testing of separated
extra-low voltage (SELV) and protective extra-low voltage (PELV)
circuits. These are circuits having a nominal voltage not exceeding
50 V AC or 120 V ripple-free DC, complying with Section 414 of
BS 7671: 2018+A2:2022. IR testing of functional extra-low (FELV)
circuits is not covered by this guide; see NICEIC pocket guide 22
‘Insulation resistance testing – low voltage and FELV circuits’.
This guide should be read in conjunction with pocket guide 22, as
many of the general principles referred to in that guide also apply
to IR testing of SELV and PELV circuits.
SELV and PELV circuits generally form only part of an installation.
There is not usually a SELV or PELV switchboard or distribution
board. An example of a SELV or PELV circuit is an extra-low
voltage circuit fed by a safety isolating transformer and supplying
luminaires.
Like low voltage (LV) and FELV circuits, the IR testing of SELV and
PELV circuits is carried out with a test instrument to BS EN 61557-2,
set to the highest resistance range, such as 200 MΩ. However, the
requirements of test voltage and insulation resistance differ from
those for LV and FELV circuits, as explained in this guide.
The IR tests referred to in A and, where applicable, B of this
guide must be carried out (with satisfactory results) before the
SELV or PELV circuits are first energised, and should be repeated
periodically during the life of the installation.

POCKET GUIDE 23
A. IR tests between SELV/PELV circuit conductors, and to Earth
Separation of the live parts of each SELV and PELV circuit from
those of other circuits and, for SELV circuits, from Earth must be
confirmed by measuring the insulation resistance (643.4.1 and
643.4.2).
Table 64 of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 indicates that the measurements
are carried out with a test voltage of 250 V DC applied:
• between the live conductors of each SELV or PELV circuit and
the live parts of other SELV and PELV circuits, and
• between the live conductors of each SELV circuit and Earth
(Fig 1. shows an example).
A minimum measured IR value of 0.5 MΩ applies to testing carried
out at 250 V (Table 64). However, much higher readings should
usually be expected, especially for individual circuits, for which
readings could be 200 MΩ or more.
Note: The protective conductor MUST be connected to the
earthing arrangement of the installation (643.3.1)

POCKET GUIDE 23
Temporary link Temporary link
ELV
LOOP Pfc mA
2000 A
200 A
100 300
30
kA
20
10 500
00
20
20 1A
0Ω
Ω
MΩ 20 Ω
TEST
OFF
1kV
V
500
0V
25
V
AUTO MEM
100
MΩ RCD NULL
Fig 1. Example of IR testing between the live conductors

of a SELV circuit & Earth

POCKET GUIDE 23
B. IR tests between SELV/PELV circuits and non-SELV/PELV
circuits
Separation of the live parts of each SELV and PELV circuit from
those of circuits other than SELV or PELV must be confirmed by
measuring the insulation resistance (643.4.1 and 643.4.2). Fig 2.
shows an example of this test.
Low voltage circuit conductor (isolated)
Temporary link
ELV
LOOP Pfc mA
2000 A
200 A
100 300
30
kA
20
10 500
00
20
20 1A
0Ω
Ω
MΩ 20 Ω
TEST
OFF
1kV
V
500
0V
25
V
AUTO MEM
100
MΩ RCD NULL
Fig 2. Example of IR testing between the live conductors of a

SELV or PELV circuit and those of a non-SELV/PELV circuit

POCKET GUIDE 23
Table 64 of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 indicates that where the
nominal voltage of the non-SELV/PELV circuits is up to 500 V,
a test voltage of 500 V DC should be applied, and where the
nominal voltage of the non-SELV/PELV circuit is above 500 V, a
test of 1,000 V DC should be applied.
The minimum satisfactory measured IR value increases to 1.0 MΩ
(Table 64). However, much higher readings should usually be
expected, especially for individual circuits, for which readings could
be 200 MΩ or more.

POCKET GUIDE 24
Application of Residual Current
Devices (RCDs)
This guide gives information on typical applications of RCDs,
according to their rated residual operating current (IΔn). See pocket
guide 25 for information on the classification of RCDs according
to whether or not they incorporate a time-delay and their ability
to give protection where current includes a DC component. See
pocket guide 21 for information on the operating times of RCDs.
The ‘preferred’ values of IΔn given in product standards for RCDs
used in electrical installations are 10 mA, 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA
and 500 mA. Table 1 summarises some typical applications for
RCDs, and the main requirements of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022.
Note 1: The applications in Table 1 are not exhaustive. For example,
RCDs required by Part 7 of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 in
Sections 710 (Medical locations), 711 (Exhibitions, shows
and stands), 717 (Mobile or transportable units) and 740
(Temporary installations for fairgrounds, etc.) are not
included.
Note 2: RCD must be of general (non-delay) type.
Note 3: Except for a special installation or location for which Part 7
of BS 7671: 2018+A2:2022 gives a different requirement.
Note 4: Except where such socket-outlets are NOT sited in
locations where they may be used by other than skilled
(electrically) or instructed (electrically) persons, or may
NOT be used to supply mobile equipment of rating
not exceeding 32 A outdoors, and a documented risk
assessment determines that the RCD protection is not
necessary.

POCKET GUIDE 24
Note 5: Cables without earthed metallic covering or earthed
metallic enclosure or not forming part of a SELV or PELV
circuit, at a depth of less than 50 mm from surface of a wall
or partition, or irrespective of depth if the wall or partition
has internal metal parts (except screws or nails etc).
Note 6: RCD must disconnect all live (line and neutral) conductors.
Note 7: IΔn must be not more than 30 mA where a resistive fault
may cause a fire (see Regulation 422.3.9 for details).
Table 1. Application and use of RCDs
Typical application (Note 1) BS 7671
IΔn not exceeding 30 mA (Note 2)

Socket-outlets rated at up to 32 A (Note 4) and
411.3.3
mobile equipment up to 32 A for use outdoors
AC final circuits supplying luminaires in residential
411.3.4
premises
Cables concealed in walls and partitions in certain 522.6.202
circumstances (Note 5) 522.6.203
All low voltage (e.g. 230 V) circuits of a location
Additional protection
containing a bath or shower either serving the

701.411.3.3
location or passing through zones 1 and/or 2, but not
serving the location
All low voltage circuits of a sauna location, except
703.411.3.3
sauna heater unless recommended by manufacturer
Final circuits supplying socket-outlets rated at up to
705.411.1
32 A in agricultural and horticultural premises
Caravan pitch socket-outlets. Each socket-outlet to
708.415.1
be individually protected by an RCD (Note 6)
Lighting in gardens and spaces open to the public,
telephone kiosks, bus shelters, advertising panels, 714.411.3.4
town plans, etc.
Circuits supplying floor and ceiling heating systems 753.415.1

POCKET GUIDE 24
Table 1. Application and use of RCDs - continued
Typical application (Note 1) BS 7671
702.410.3.4.1
Certain circuits of a location containing a swimming or
702.410.3.4.2
paddling pool
702.410.3.4.3
Socket-outlets for boats, and circuits to supply
houseboats, at marinas and similar. Each to be 709.531.2
individually protected by an RCD (Note 6)
Fault protection
The installation of a caravan or motor caravan (Note 6) 721.415.1

Charging points for electric vehicles (Note 6) 722.531.3.101
Circuits supplying floor and ceiling heating systems 753.411.3.2
Installations generally (Note 3)
411.4.4
Where a sufficiently low earth fault loop impedance (Zs) (TN system)
for overcurrent device cannot be achieved 411.5.3
(TT system)
IΔn not exceeding 100 mA
Final circuits supplying socket-outlets rated at more
705.411.1
than 32 A in agricultural and horticultural premises
IΔn not exceeding 300 mA (Note 6)
against fire
Protection
Wiring systems except mineral insulated cable, busbar

trunking and Powertrack, in locations with risk of fire 422.3.9
due to processed or stored materials.
Agricultural and horticultural premises (Note 6) 705.422.7
Circuits in agricultural and horticultural premises,

705.411.1
Fault protection
except socket-outlet circuits (covered earlier)

IΔn not exceeding 500 mA
Final circuits supplying socket-outlets rated at more than

32 A on construction and demolition sites, where the 704.411.3.2.1
protective measure is automatic disconnection of supply

POCKET GUIDE 25
Classification of Residual Current
Devices (RCDs)
This guide gives information on the classification of RCDs according
to whether or not they incorporate a time-delay and their ability to
give protection where residual current includes a DC component.
See pocket guide 21 for information on the operating times of
RCDs, and pocket guide 24 for information on typical applications
of RCDs.
Time-delay (in the presence of residual current)
RCDs are manufactured as follows:
• without time-delay for general use,
• Type S or time-delayed.
Where necessary to provide selectivity with an RCD downstream,
an RCD will need to be of Type S or incorporate a time-delay.
Additionally, the ratio of the rated residual operating current of the
upstream RCD to that of the downstream RCD must be at least 3:1
(536.4.1.4).
Where a protective conductor current is expected in normal
operation (such as may be the case where the installation supplies
electronic equipment or heating elements), consideration should
be given to the following to avoid unnecessary tripping:
• sub-division into circuits protected by individual RCDs
• in residential premises, the use of RCBOs on individual
circuits
• circuit design to ensure protective conductor downstream of
an RCD does not exceed 30 % of its rated residual operating
current
• use of short-term time-delay whilst ensuring the relevant
disconnection time of Chapter 41 can still be achieved

POCKET GUIDE 25
• effective coordination between general type, selective type
and time-delay type RCDs
• coordination between RCDs and surge protective devices
(SPDs) (531.3.2).
Protection where residual current includes a DC component
RCDs are classified into a number of types, according to their
ability to give protection with different residual current waveforms.
The figure adjacent shows the symbols used to denote the main
types, and the table overleaf lists the current waveforms for which
the operation of each of these types is assured.
Note: Only the symbol(s) applicable to the particular type are
marked on an RCD.
Type AC
Type A
Type F
I - ON
63 A
Type B

POCKET GUIDE 25
Main types of RCD
Table for main types of RCD
Type Operation is assured for
AC Residual sinusoidal alternating currents, whether
suddenly applied or slowly rising.
A As for Type AC and, in addition, residual pulsating

direct currents and residual pulsating direct currents
superimposed on a smooth direct current of up to 6 mA.
F As for Type A, intended for circuit supplied between
line and neutral or line and earthed middle conductor,
and for residual pulsating direct currents superimposed
on a smooth direct current up to 10 mA.
B As for Type F, and in addition: residual sinusoidal

alternating currents up to 1000 Hz, residual alternating
currents superimposed on a smooth direct current of
0.4 times the rated residual operating current, residual
pulsating rectified direct currents resulting from two
or more phases, and residual smooth direct currents,
independent of polarity, whether suddenly applied or
slowly increased.
Type A RCDs may be used for general purposes.

From the table, it can be appreciated that a Type AC RCD can
only be expected to give protection where no DC component is
present in any residual current detected by the RCD. As result
BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 states that Type AC RCDs should only be
used to serve fixed equipment, where it is known that the load
contains no DC components.
For a circuit used to supply equipment liable to produce residual
current having a DC component (such as some types of electronic
equipment), any RCD used should be of a suitable type, other than
Type AC, depending on the characteristics of the DC component
(see table).

POCKET GUIDE 26
Notices at or near the origin of
an installation in a building
This Guide lists the notices that Section 514 and Part 7 of
BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 require to be fixed at or near the origin of
an electrical installation (the position at which electrical energy is
delivered to the installation) in a building. The guide is intended as
a convenient reminder for use during the planning, construction,
initial verification and periodic inspection of an electrical installation.
For a new installation, the electrical certification must not be issued
until any defect or omission revealed during the inspection and
testing has been corrected (644.1.1).
For an addition and/or alteration to an existing installation, any
defect or omission revealed during inspection and testing that will
affect the safety of the addition or alteration must be corrected
before the certification is issued (644.1.2).
For a periodic inspection, any observed deficiencies which may
give rise to danger, including the absence of any certain notices,
should be recorded in the Electrical Installation Condition Report
and an appropriate Classification code attributed (653.2).
The following table summarises the applicable requirements of
Section 514 and Part 7 for notices at or near the origin.
Some notices may also be required at other appropriate locations
within an installation (as well as at or near the origin), such as where
bonding conductors connect to extraneous-conductive-parts, or
on or near a distribution board downstream from the origin serving
wiring identified by colours to two versions of BS 7671.

POCKET GUIDE 26
Notices should be legible, constructed from appropriately durable
material and securely fixed in a prominent position.
See also BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 for full requirements relating to
wording of each notice.
Table for notices at or near the origin
Subject and summary BS 7671 No./Example
Voltage 514.10.1
Warning, before gaining access to On an enclosure that contains live
them, that live parts with nominal parts which, exceptionally, have a
voltage to earth exceeding 230 V are nominal voltage to earth exceeding
present within an item of equipment 230 V.
or enclosure where this would not
normally be expected.
Isolation 514.11.1
Warning that an item of electrical On or near an enclosure that
equipment contains live parts not contains parts connected to a mains
capable of being isolated by a single supply and parts connected to a
device. generator or other source.
Periodic inspection and testing* 514.12.1
Notification of the recommended On or near the relevant distribution
date of the next inspection. board(s).
RCD* 514.12.2
Notification to remind the relevant On or near each RCD within the
person to test the RCD every six installation.
months.
Earthing and bonding connections 514.13.1
Warning not to remove earthing and Adjacent to a main earthing terminal
bonding connections. that is separate from the main
switchgear.

POCKET GUIDE 26
Table for notices at or near the origin – continued
Subject and summary BS 7671 No./Example
Where protective measure of 514.13.2
earth-free local equipotential Adjacent to every point of access to
bonding (Regulation Group 418.2) the location (one of which could be
or electrical separation for supply to near the origin).
more than one item of current-using
equipment (Regulation Group 418.3)
is used
Warning that relevant bonding
conductors must not be earthed,
and not to bring equipment having
earthed exposed-conductive-parts
into the location.
Alternative supplies 514.15.1
Warning that an installation includes On or near a distribution board of
one or more supplies other than the an installation having a mains supply
incoming mains supply. and a solar PV supply.
High protective conductor currents* 514.17
Notification that an installation On or near a distribution board
includes circuit(s) with a high containing circuit(s) complying with
protective conductor current. Regulation Group 543.7 (543.7.1.205).
Floor and ceiling heating systems 753.514
Notification and information where an On or near a distribution board
installation contains a floor or heating serving a floor or ceiling heating
system. system.
*In residential or similar premises, if an Electrical Installation Certificate,
complete with accompanying guidance notes has been issued to the
person ordering the work, these labels do not have to be affixed where;
• there is insufficient room,
• posting is considered to be unlikely to be beneficial.

POCKET GUIDE 27
Use of the forms recognised by
BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 for
certification and reporting
This guide explains the application of the three forms specified by
Part 6 of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 for the certification of, and reporting
on, electrical installations. The relevant form, duly compiled, should
be issued to the person ordering the work to provide information
on the installation.
Forms referred to in Part 6 of BS 7671

and their appropriate use
Electrical Installation Certificate (EIC)
Except where Regulation 644.4.201 applies, Regulation 644.1
requires an EIC (including a record of the inspection and the
results of testing) to be issued upon completion of the verification
of a new installation or additions and alterations to an existing
installation.

POCKET GUIDE 27
Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate (MEIWC)
Regulation 644.4.201 permits a MEIWC to be issued instead of
an EIC upon completion of the verification of minor electrical
installation work that does not include the provision of a new
circuit or replacement of a distribution board or consumer unit.

POCKET GUIDE 27
Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR)
Regulation 653.1 requires an EICR (including a record of the
inspection and the results of testing) to be issued following
the periodic inspection and testing of an existing installation in
accordance with Chapter 65 of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022.
Forms may be produced in any durable medium, including written

and electronic media. The forms should be based on the models
given in Appendix 6 of BS 7671 and contain, as a minimum, the
detailed information given in those models.
Forms similar in design to the models and/or containing additional
information are therefore not precluded. Table 1 gives examples
of the appropriate use of each of the forms, and Table 2 gives
examples of inappropriate uses that have been found by NICEIC.

POCKET GUIDE 27
Table 1. Examples of appropriate use of forms
Type of form Examples of appropriate use
Electrical Installation Certification of:
Certificate • a new installation,
• a new circuit,
• one or more additions and/or alterations
to an existing installation (a MEIWC may be
used in some cases – see below), or
• the replacement of a consumer unit/
distribution board.
Minor Electrical Installation Certification of:
Works Certificate • the modification of an existing circuit (such
as by the addition of one or more lighting
points, switches or socket-outlets)1,
• the upgrading of existing main protective
bonding, or
• the replacement of a section of damaged
cable in an existing circuit2.
Electrical Installation Reporting on the condition of an existing
Condition Report installation or part of an existing installation.
1Provided this does not involve changing the type or rating of the circuit
protective device.
2 Provided the replacement cable is of the same construction and
cross-sectional area.

POCKET GUIDE 27
Table 2. Examples of inappropriate use of forms found by NICEIC
Type of form Examples of inappropriate use
Electrical Installation Reporting on the condition of an existing
Certificate installation.
Certifying installation work carried out by
others3.
Minor Electrical Installation Certification of:
Works Certificate • a new circuit
• the replacement of a consumer unit/
distribution board.
Electrical Installation Certification of:
Condition Report4 • a new installation or circuit,
• an addition or alteration to an existing
installation, or
• the installation or replacement of a
consumer unit.
3 This also applies to MEIWC and EICR (except in certain circumstances as
described in note 4 below).
4 In certain circumstances, such as where a contractor carries out installation
work then develops a long-term illness or ceases trading due to bankruptcy
before issuing an EIC or where a Building Control Body authorises
installation work to be certified to meet Part P of the Building Regulations,
an appropriate means of determining whether the installed work is fit to be
put into service is for another contractor to carry out inspection and testing
and issue an EICR. However, the decision to issue an EICR in lieu of an EIC
must not be taken lightly, and a detailed examination of the work beyond
the scope of a periodic inspection might be required, such as exposing
cables in walls and floors to confirm they are correctly installed.

POCKET GUIDE 28
Risk assessment in the workplace
This guide summarises some of the requirements for carrying
out a risk assessment (RA) in accordance with The Management
of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (referred to as
the Management Regulations), to give electrical contractors an
understanding of establishing a safe workplace. This guide may
also assist contractors where they consider the risk assessment
option given in the additional protection requirements of
Regulation 411.3.3 of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022.
Purpose of risk assessment
Risk is a part of everyday life, and it is probably impractical to
eliminate all risks in the workplace, but reasonably practicable
measures should be taken to combat significant risks to protect
against harm to employees, visitors and, where applicable,
members of the public.
Regulation 3 (Risk assessment) of the Management Regulations
places a duty on every employer (including the self-employed) to
carry out a suitable and sufficient assessment of the nature of work
activities carried out in all locations under their control, to identify
hazards resulting from the activities and implement preventive and
protective measures for those hazards, to protect the health and
safety of persons in their employment, and of persons, such as the
public, in and about the locations.
Paragraph 6 of Regulation 3 requires the significant findings arising
from a RA to be recorded where an employer employs more than
five employees. However, it is strongly recommended that the
significant findings are always recorded, to provide evidence that
due care and attention has been taken to manage risks in the
workplace, whilst protecting against future liability.

POCKET GUIDE 28
Having records of past assessments will also aid future
assessments, for example, when an existing workplace activity
requires reviewing (see Step 5 of the Table in this guide).
Risk assessment should be carried out before work commences
by a suitably competent person having sufficient training and
experience or knowledge to identify the significant workplace
hazards and select appropriate protective measures to combat the
hazards.
Nature of hazards
The nature of hazards arising from workplace activities is varied and
will depend upon the environment and the type of work activities
carried out. Examples of significant hazards to persons working on
a typical electrical installation may include electric shock, burns,
falling from height and most commonly, slips, trips and falls. Not
all hazards are obvious, for example, long-term exposure to noise,
vibration, chemicals or substances, may lead to ill health.
Basic steps to risk assessment
The leaflet INDG163 (Risk assessment) published by the Health
and Safety Executive identifies five steps for carrying out a RA. The
Table in this guide gives a short explanation for each step and
provides examples of RA for people who carry out electrical works.

POCKET GUIDE 28
Table of risk assessment steps
Step Assessment of risk
Identify the hazards
• walk around the workplace to observe the activities and identify
what could cause harm,
1
• ask fellow workers for known hazards, and
• consult manufacturers’ instructions for correct use of equipment,
tools, chemicals, substances and materials.
Identify who could be harmed and how
• for each hazard identified in Step 1, identify the group of people
2 liable to harm and the type of injury or ill health that might occur,
for example, people who carry out electrical works may receive a
shock and/or burns.
Evaluate the risk and select appropriate protective measures
• decide what reasonably practicable measures will protect people
3 identified in Step 2 from harm. For example, ensure employees
have adequate electrical education, training and practical skills
relating to the type of work carried out.
Record the significant findings and implement mitigating measures
• Electrical testing hazards - electric shock and/or burns, falling from
height
• Who might be harmed - electrical workers and others in close
proximity
4 • Measures - ensure persons are briefed on site safety, competent
to carry out testing and have appropriate test meter(s) (including
leads), tools, and appropriate personal protective equipment
Note: The details of the person(s) responsible for ensuring the
selected measures are implemented should also be recorded on a
RA document.
Review the risk assessment and update if necessary (including
accidents or, near misses)
• review the workplace and existing measures regularly to consider
5 whether there have been any significant changes,
• assess any new equipment, tools and materials used by the
business and record any significant findings.
Note: Always keep a risk assessment document up to date.

POCKET GUIDE 29
External influences recognised in
Section 522
This guide lists, with a brief overview, the fifteen different external
influences1 recognised by Section 5222 of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022.
Electrical installation designers must consider these influences to
ensure every wiring system3 will have adequate protection for the
expected in-service conditions.
The intention of this guide is to provide persons carrying out
construction, initial verification and periodic inspection with a quick
reference checklist, to ensure the wiring system is appropriate to
withstand any detrimental effect at the particular location.
1 External
influences are also referenced within other regulations given in
BS 7671:2018+A2:2022, for example, impact and mechanical stress are
mentioned in Regulation 521.9.1.
2 Section 522 (Selection and erection of wiring systems in relation to external
influences).
3 A wiring system is an assembly made up of a cable or busbars and parts
which secure and, if necessary, enclose the cable or busbars (Part 2 of
BS 7671).
4 A number of regulation group titles in Section 522 contain external influence
codes (see Appendix 5). These codes, for clarity, are omitted from the titles
in this guide.
5 Included in this group are the use of SELV or PELV and additional protection
by an RCD. These are omitted because they are not a measure against
impact. With the inclusion of AFDDs these devices would provide additional
protection against compression and impact on a cable.

POCKET GUIDE 29
Regulation Group The installed wiring system at the particular
and title4 location must:
Ambient Be suitable for the range of ambient temperatures
522.1
temperature experienced during both erection and use.
In relation to local heat sources, such as hot
External heat water systems and luminaires, be mounted at an
522.2
sources appropriate distance or be protected, for example,
by shielding.
Be suitable for, and have an appropriate degree of

Presence of
protection against, any water exposure (including
522.3 water or high
condensation). Where required, provisions should
humidity
be made to allow moisture to escape.
Have an appropriate degree of protection against
Presence of
the ingress of solid foreign bodies, such as dust and,
522.4 solid foreign
where required, measures to prevent accumulation
bodies
of such particulates.
Be protected to minimise degradation from any
Presence polluting substances, including water having a
of corrosive salt content, such as in coastal locations. Where
522.5
or polluting required, be positioned to avoid contact with
substances materials liable to give rise to other conditions, such
as electrolytic action.
Be selected and installed to minimise the likelihood
of damage during installation or use caused
522.6 Impact5
by impact, abrasion, penetration, tension or
compression.
Have appropriate supports and appropriate fixings
522.7 Vibration for the expected conditions. Cables with flexible
cores may be required.

POCKET GUIDE 29
Regulation Group The installed wiring system at the particular
and title4 location must:
Be protected from damage by having sufficient
numbers of appropriate supports, bends of
Other
appropriate radius, enclosures without sharp edges
522.8 mechanical
and means to permit expansion (where required).
stresses
Where buried in the structure, adequate access
points and suitable protection must be included.
Presence of
Include measures such as suitable positioning or
522.9 flora and/or
planned maintenance.
mould growth
Be positioned, have mechanical characteristics or
Presence of additional mechanical protection sufficient to resist
522.10
fauna damage to the system by the animals expected, for
example, livestock in agricultural locations.
Solar and Be suitable for the effects of such radiation, for
522.11 ultraviolet example, by colour or be adequately shielded or
radiation positioned to resist detrimental effects.
Be suitably fixed for any likely seismic hazards.
Seismic Connections between the fixed wiring and
522.12
effects essential equipment, such as safety services should
have adequate flexibility.
Movement Have appropriate supports for the expected

522.13 conditions. Consideration should also be given to the
of air
effects of vibration and other mechanical stresses.
Nature of
Have appropriate measures for any particular fire
processed
522.14 risks to minimise fire spread in accordance with
or stored
Section 422 and Section 527, respectively.
materials
Have appropriate supports to avoid excessive stress
Building in the event of structural movement. A flexible wiring
522.15
design system may be required where such movement
is expected.

POCKET GUIDE 30
Typical values of external earth fault
loop impedance
This guide gives information on the recommended earth fault loop
impedance (Ze) values given in the Energy Networks Association
(ENA) publication Engineering Recommendation P23/2. Guidance
on Earth Fault Loop Impedance at Customers’ Intake Supply
Terminals.
Distributed system earthing arrangements
Table 1, which is based on the guidance given in P23/2 gives
details of the typical earth fault loop impedance (Ze), which can be
expected at the point of supply to a consumer’s installation.
Table 1. Typical maximum Earth Fault Loop Impedance values for existing
connections (applicable to all distributed system earth arrangements)
Typical values of EFLI under
normal network conditions
Maximum
Installation voltage
service Proportion of
and type
capacity (A) EFLI (Ω) installations where
EFLI will occur (%)
< 0.34 90
230 V single-phase
100 < 0.64 98
(residential premises)
> 0.64 2
150 ≤ 0.42
400 V three-phase 200 ≤ 0.31
(large residential,
300 ≤ 0.21 95
commercial and light
industrial premises) 400 ≤ 0.16
600 ≤ 0.10

POCKET GUIDE 30
It should be noted that DNOs are not required to provide or maintain
networks which provide a particular maximum value of EFLI.
The values given in Table 1 are:
• Typical maximum values and the measured value of EFLI
can change depending on the network configuration due
to alterations, faults, maintenance and the effect of any
embedded generation capacity.
• Applicable to all distributed system earthing arrangements.
Prior to the publication of P23/2, the ENA stated values of
typical maximum Ze which varied depending on the type of
system earthing arrangement employed.
Supply Consumer’s installation
Load
P R1
Ze
Combined
N&E
R2
Source Earth
Fig 1. TN-C-S System (PME/PNB)
Note: Protective Neutral Bonding (PNB) is similar to PME except

the neutral conductor is only earthed at one point,
which is usually located closer to the customer than the
transformer and often connected at the cut-out.

POCKET GUIDE 30
Supply Consumer’s installation
Load
P R1
Ze
N
E R2
Source Earth
Fig 2. TN-S System

POCKET GUIDE 31
Responsibility for service position
equipment
This guide gives information on the parties responsible for the
electrical equipment found at the service position of an electrical
installation, based on the information given in the Guidance
for Service Termination Issue Reporting issued in July 2021 to
accompany the Meter Operation Code of Practice Agreement
(MOCOPA).
The intention of this guide is to provide electrical installation
contractors (contractors for short) with an understanding of which
parts of the equipment at the service position are the responsibility
of the Distribution Business (DB), which parts are the responsibility
of the Supplier and which parts are the responsibility of the person
ordering the work (typically the customer), and what action to take
where a defect is identified in equipment.
Fig 1. illustrates, in accordance with the MOCOPA, the boundaries
of responsibility for a typical service position where the supply is
TN-C-S (similar responsibilities apply to TT systems).
There are a number of companies known as Meter Operators which
also operate in the electricity supply chain; however, they are not a
party having responsibilities for equipment. Meter Operators install
and maintain metering equipment under agreement, generally
with the Supplier.
MOCOPA was issued on 1st July 2013 with the primary purpose
to provide meter operatives with guidance on what action to take
where a defect is identified in the distributor’s equipment at the
service position and to provide an efficient process for meter
operatives to report the defect (using a system of codes) to the
particular distributor.

POCKET GUIDE 31
6
7 10
67891
345 01
12
1
12
23 24
13 14 15
22
21
1
6
0 17
18 19 2
4 9
5
PWR
MAIN
HAN
SWITCH
WA N
4
2 11 8
MET
3
12
1
DB equipment
1 Service cable
2 Cut-out (or main or DB fuse)
3 DB earth terminal
Supplier equipment
4 Meter tails (cut-out to meter and meter to timeswitch)
5 Communications hub if fitted (may be within the meter)
6 Meter
7 Timeswitch (if fitted)
Customer equipment
8 Meter tails (between the meter/timeswitch and the
Customer equipment)
9 Customer isolating switch (if fitted)
10 Customer consumer unit
11 Customer earthing conductor (and earth block if fitted)
12 Meter board (and external meter box if fitted)
Fig 1. Responsibility for equipment at the service position

(reproduced from the MOCOPA)

POCKET GUIDE 31
Fig 1. does not detail all the possible scenarios for equipment at
the service position and it is not a wiring diagram for an installation.
However, MOCOPA will be of use to contractors and others
working in the electrical industry as it clarifies the boundaries of
responsibility.
From Fig 1., contractors should recognise that a potential for change
in responsibility exists for part of the earthing system (conductor
and earth block) where the supply is TN-S, such as where the
Distribution Business originally connected the means of earthing,
for the customer’s use, to the lead sheath by soldering or using a
clamp.
In cases where this connection is found to present an immediate
risk of danger, Asset Condition Code A10 of the MOCOPA places
the responsibility on the Distribution Business (rather than the
customer) to repair/maintain any defects. In such cases, it is likely
that the Distribution Business will install a consumer earth bond
clamp (often referred to as a Hepworth clamp, see Fig 2.).
Generally the customer, as they are the account holder, reports
the defect to their Supplier quoting their reference number.
Alternatively, the person ordering the work would be responsible
for contacting the relevant party to report any recorded defects.
Because MOCOPA advises on a reporting process for meter
operatives, where contractors as part of an initial inspection or a
periodic inspection identify a defect in the Distribution Business or
Suppliers’ equipment at the service position, for example, the cut-
out is damaged, that defect should be recorded on the relevant
certificate or report, and the contractor should inform the customer
(owner or user of the installation).

POCKET GUIDE 31
100A
FUSE
SAFETY ELECTRICAL
EARTH
DO NOT REMOVE
SAFETY ELECTRICAL
EARTH
DO NOT REMOVE For illustration purposes
only, manufacturer’s
instructions must
be followed
Fig 2. Example of an industry approved consumer earth connection

(Hepworth) clamp with the customer’s earthing conductor connected

POCKET GUIDE 32
Domestic ventilation systems
System types
System 1
Background ventilators and intermittent
extract fans

POCKET GUIDE 32
System 2
Passive stack ventilation

POCKET GUIDE 32
System 3
Continuous mechanical extract

POCKET GUIDE 32
System 4
Continuous mechanical supply and
extract with heat recovery
For further information –
England & Wales
• Approved Document F (Ventilation)
• Domestic Ventilation Compliance Guide
Scotland
• Technical Handbook – Domestic
• Building Standards Supporting Guidance Domestic Ventilation
2nd Edition

POCKET GUIDE 32
Northern Ireland
• Technical Booklet K (Ventilation)
New dwellings
Table 1. Extract ventilation rates
Intermittent extract Continuous extract

Room
Minimum
Minimum rate Minimum low rate
high rate
30 l/s adjacent to hob;
Kitchen 13 l/s
or 60 I/s elsewhere
Total extract rate
Utilty room 30 l/s 8 l/s should be at least
the Whole dwelling
Bathroom 15 l/s 8 l/s ventilation rate given
in Table 2
Sanitary
6 l/s* 6 l/s
accomodation
*In Scotland, 3 air changes/hour
Table 2. Whole dwelling ventilation rates

Number of bedrooms in dwelling
1 2 3 4 5
Whole dwelling ventilation rate a. b. (l/s) 13 17 21 25 29
a. In addition, the minimum ventilation rate should be not less than 0.3 l/s
per m2 of internal floor area. (This includes all floors, e.g. for a two-storey
building add the ground and first floor areas.)
b. T his is based on two occupants in the main bedroom and a single
occupant in all other bedrooms. This should be used as the default value.
If a greater level of occupancy is expected add 4 l/s per occupant.

POCKET GUIDE 32
Notification of work
In most cases, where it is proposed to carry out notifiable ventilation
work on a building it will be necessary to notify the work to a
Building Control Body (BCB) in advance. This notification would
usually be by way of a full plans application or a building notice
given to a local authority, or an initial notice given jointly with the
approved inspector. Alternatively work can be notified through the
NICEIC Ventilation Competent Persons Scheme.
All fixed mechanical ventilation systems, where they can be tested
and adjusted, shall be commissioned and a commissioning notice
given to the BCB. For mechanical ventilation systems installed in
new dwellings, air rates shall be measured on site and a notice
given to the BCB. This shall apply to intermittently-used extract
fans and cooker hoods, as well as continuously running systems.
The owner shall be given sufficient information about the ventilation
system and its maintenance requirements so that the ventilation
system can be operated to provide adequate air flow.

POCKET GUIDE 33
Approved document F to the Building
Regulations (England & Wales 2010)
This guide provides a quick reference to whether ventilation
system work needs to be notified to a Building Control Body (BCB)
in accordance with the Building Regulations 2010 for England and
Wales.
A company registered with a ventilation self-certification scheme,
such as those operated by NICEIC, is not required to notify a BCB
prior to carrying out ‘notifiable work’. However, the registered
business must notify their relevant registration body following
completion of the notifiable work so that a copy of the Building
Regulations compliance certificate will be issued to the occupier,
and so that the certificate (or a copy of the information on it) will be
issued to the BCB.
Application of Part F
In England and Wales, Part F of the Building Regulations applies to
fixed systems for mechanical ventilation and includes a number of
different system types:
Commissioning
Work Notifiable
Notice*
Emergency repairs to ventilation system
No Yes
(no changes made to ventilation system)
Note: In such cases it will be necessary for the work to comply with the
relevant requirements and to give a notice to the BCB at the earliest
opportunity.
* A commissioning notice is always required where testing and adjustment
must be carried out to ensure the system operates efficiently.
continues...

POCKET GUIDE 33
Commissioning
Work Notifiable
Notice*
Emergency repairs to ventilation system
Yes Yes
(changes made to ventilation system)
Note: In such cases it will be necessary for the work to comply with the
relevant requirements and to give a notice to the BCB at the earliest
opportunity, unless an installer registered under an appropriate
competent person scheme carries out the work.
Planned replacement of a ventilation system
No Yes
on a like-for-like basis
Note: Assuming existing cabling is used.
Minor Works No Yes
Note: S
uch as replacement of parts or unit on a like-for-like basis (using
existing cabling), or the addition of an output or control device where
testing and adjusting is not possible or would not affect the system’s
energy efficiency
System 1 installation (no open flued
No Yes
combustion appliance installed)
Note: P
rovision of a self-contained mechanical ventilation appliance provided
that any electrical work is exempt from a requirement to give advance
notice to a BCB, and testing and adjustment is not possible or would
not affect its energy efficiency, and the appliance is not installed in a
room containing an open flued combustion appliance. Examples might
be a cooker hood, a bathroom extract fan or a room air-conditioning
unit, which cannot be adjusted from their factory settings.
continues...

POCKET GUIDE 33
Commissioning
Work Related to
Notice*
System 1 installation (open flued
Yes Yes
combustion appliance installed)
Note: E
xamples might be a cooker hood that extracts to outside, a bathroom
extract fan etc.
System 2 installation Yes Yes
Note: Passive Stack Ventilation (PSV)
Note: Continuous mechanical extract

Note: Continuous mechanical supply and extract with heat recovery.

POCKET GUIDE 34
Protective equipotential bonding of
metallic gas installation pipework in
domestic premises
This guide provides guidance on the acceptable location for the
connection of a protective equipotential bonding (PEB) conductor to
metallic gas pipework installed in domestic premises. A protective
bonding conductor is not required where the gas pipe is not an
extraneous-conductive-part; that is where the incoming gas pipe is
non-metallic (411.3.1.2).
The requirements of BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 are also stipulated to
gas engineers via Gas Safe Register’s Technical Bulletin (TB) 102
‘Location of protective equipotential bonding on gas installation
pipework in domestic premises’.
BS 7671, 544.1.2 –
“The main protective bonding connection to any extraneous-
conductive-part such as gas, water or other metallic pipework or
services shall be made as near as practicable to the point of entry
of that part into the premises. Where there is a meter, isolation
point or union, the connection shall be made to the consumer’s
hard metal pipework and before any branch pipework. Where
practicable the connection shall be made within 600 mm of the
meter outlet union or at the point of entry to the building if the
meter is external.”
The requirements of BS 7671 are also expressed in British Standards
used by gas engineers, for example BS 6891 (for gas pipework not
exceeding 35 mm (R11/4).

POCKET GUIDE 34
BS 6891, Clause 8.4.3.1 –
“A gas installation within a property with an electrical supply
shall have a main protective bonding conductor connecting the
pipework to the electrical installation’s main earth terminal, as
specified in BS 7671.”
Given the above, the PEB should be connected to metallic pipework
and specifically, to gas pipework as follows:
Internal gas meter (for example, under the stairs) –
• preferably within 600 mm of the outlet union of the meter;
and
• before any branch (tee) in the pipework.
External gas meter or enclosure (within a meter box) –
• preferably within 600 mm of the pipework entering the
property, or
• within the meter box, provided that the box’s integrity and that
of any sleeve (for example, its ability to prohibit the passage
of gas either into the property or the wall cavity) is maintained
(see overleaf); and
• before any branch in the pipework.
Sleeves for gas pipework
Low-pressure gas meter installations ONLY (≤ 75 mbar) can utilise
a rear exit sleeve of a meter box for routing the gas pipework into
the property (surface mounted and semi-concealed meter box -
see illustrations).
BS 7671: 2018+A2:2022 Requirements for electrical installations. IET Wiring

Regulations Eighteenth Edition.
BS 6891: 2
015+A1:2019 Specification for the installation and maintenance
of low pressure gas installation pipework of up to 35 mm (R11/4) on
premises.

POCKET GUIDE 34
Where this arrangement is encountered, the exit sleeve can
also be used for routing the PEB conductor. The sleeve must be
sealed within the box (one end only) with non-setting fire resisting
compound, ensuring the annulus around the pipe and the PEB is
completely sealed.
Installation pipework and therefore, the PEB from medium-pressure
(MP) fed meter installations (> 75 mbar ≤ 2 bar) is prohibited from
entering a property via a rear exit meter box sleeve. In this scenario,
the installation pipework must exit the base of the box externally
before entering the property via a sleeve (not shown). This sleeve
may also be used for routing of the PEB.
Rear knock-out
NOT permitted
to be used
External Medium-Pressure
Meter Installation

POCKET GUIDE 34
Surface mounted meter box
(wall plate shown only)
Non-setting,
fireproof
compound
PEB connection
within meter box
Meter outlet
ECV
External Low-Pressure
Meter Installation
Sleeve through wall cavity
Acceptable PEB
connection within
meter box
Preferred PEB
connection
within 600 mm
of entering property
External Internal

POCKET GUIDE 35
Identification of
extraneous-conductive-parts
This guide gives information on identification of extraneous-
conductive-parts and whether or not they need to be bonded.
What is an extraneous-conductive-part?
BS 7671: 2018+A2:2022 defines an extraneous-conductive-part as:
“A conductive part liable to introduce a potential, generally Earth
potential, and not forming part of the electrical installation.”
What are the requirements of BS 7671?
Where the protective measure automatic disconnection of supply
(ADS) is applied, Regulation 411.3.1.2 requires that in each installation
in a building, extraneous-conductive-parts liable to introduce a
dangerous potential difference shall be connected to the main
earthing terminal by protective bonding conductors.
Examples of extraneous-conductive-parts may include:
• metallic water installation pipes,
• metallic gas installation pipes,
• other metallic installation pipework and ducting,
• central heating and air conditioning systems,
• exposed metallic structural parts of the building.
Where non-metallic (e.g. plastic) pipes enter a building and are then
connected to metallic pipes within the building, the metallic pipes
within the building do not normally require protective bonding
as they are unlikely to be extraneous-conductive-parts. (see also
Items not considered to be extraneous-conductive-parts of this
pocket guide).
Refer to 411.3.1.2 for the full requirement.

POCKET GUIDE 35
1. Pliable connector (generally referred to as

1 an ‘Anaconda’ within the gas industry)
2. Proprietary emergency control valve (ECV)

incorporating electrical insulation
(the red band below the ECV)
3. Standard ECV
3
2
4. Steel fitting incorporating electrical insulation
4
5. Steel gas service with applied corrosion
protection (other forms of corrosion protection
5
to that shown and which are not visible may
also be utilised)
CAUTION: Insulated fittings (couplings) used on metallic

pipework, particularly older designs, may be difficult
to identify (without appropriate tagging or marking).
Where doubt exists, bond pipework to the MET of the
installation.
Items not considered to be extraneous-conductive-parts
Normally metallic items such as suspended ceilings and floors,
are insulated from Earth and are therefore deemed to be isolated
metalwork and not extraneous-conductive-parts. Similarly, an
external component such as a metal staircase may be fixed to
the building structure but, owing to the manner of fixing, it may be
considered to be isolated metalwork, where not directly connected
to the building lightning protection system.
Even an apparent extraneous-conductive-part that is not liable to
be able to be touched would not require bonding. For example,
where ‘earthy’ metallic pipework is enclosed by insulating material
(boxed in).

POCKET GUIDE 35
Internal structures such as filing cabinets, racking systems,
and metallic tables and work surfaces – such as those found in
commercial kitchens – and similar items do not normally require
bonding.
Determining an extraneous-conductive-part by measurement
Where there is doubt as to whether Earth potential is liable to be
introduced by a conductive part that is connected to the general
mass of Earth, a continuity measurement should be made of the
resistance (Rcp) between the conductive part and the MET of the
installation, this will give an indication of whether or not something
constitutes an extraneous-conductive-part; it may be necessary
to remove any parallel earth paths during the test to be able to
measure the conductive part.
The measured resistance (excluding body resistance) is then
inserted into the following formula to determine if the conductive
part is an extraneous-conductive-part:
U0
Rcp >
Ib
Where
Rcp is the resistance between the conductive part concerned
and the MET of the installation in ohms (Ω).
U0 is the nominal voltage to Earth of the installation in volts.
Ib is the value of current through the human body (or livestock)
which should not be exceeded in amperes (30 mA).
Example: For a 230 V (50 Hz) supply, an item would not be
considered an extraneous-conductive-part where Rcp is not less
than 7.67 kΩ as shown:
230
= 7.67 kΩ
0.030

POCKET GUIDE 36
Building (Scotland) Regulations
This pocket guide is to assist NICEIC registered contractors who
undertake electrical installation work in Scotland.
It provides an introduction to the NICEIC Certification of
Construction Scheme. The scheme assists in compliance with the
mandatory standards of the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004,
as amended, which are applicable to the design installation and
certification of electrical installation work.
Prior to undertaking certain types of electrical installation work,
legal permission in the form of a building warrant must be obtained
by the relevant person: the owner, occupier or developer of the
building. The relevant person is responsible for ensuring that any
electrical installation work carried out under the warrant complies
with the requirements of the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004.
However, exceptions to the warrant process are permitted for
certain types of work as listed in Schedule 1 and 3 of the Scottish
Building Regulations.

POCKET GUIDE 36
The NICEIC Certifier of Construction (Electrical installations to
BS 7671)
The scheme is approved by Building Standards Division, under
Section 7(2) of The Building (Scotland) Act 2003.
The scheme allows the registered Certifier of Construction
(Qualified Supervisor) of the business carrying out the work
to Certify all aspects of electrical installation work to confirm
compliance with the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004.
The Scheme provides a simple, more efficient route for verification
of electrical installation work subject to a building warrant and is a
declaration that the electrical work is compliant with the Scottish
Building Regulations. This process for achieving compliance is
illustrated in Fig 1.
The scheme is only open to NICEIC Approved contractors with a
base in Scotland.
Any electrical contractor working in Scotland and who requires
further information about how NICEIC can provide support,
visit: https://www.niceic.com/join-us/scotland-schemes
Additionally, guidance on the Building
(Scotland) Regulations 2004, and the
Scottish Certification process (including
examples of warrantable work), which
this pocket guide draws on, can be found
in ‘The Electrical Installers’ guide to the
Building (Scotland) Regulations’ that is
freely available on the NICEIC website:
https://www.niceic.com/scotland-
building-regs

POCKET GUIDE 36
Fig. 1 Certified route to compliance
1: The Building Warrant Applicant notifies the Verifier of the

intention to use an Approved Certifier of Construction to
certify the electrical installation under the scheme and in
doing so is eligible for a discount on the warrant fee.
2: The NICEIC Approved Certifier of Construction

(Qualified Supervisor) carries out and/or supervises the
electrical installation work during and on completion to ensure
compliance with the Building Regulations.
The combined Certificate of Construction and Electrical
Installation is then downloaded from the NICEIC Online
Certification System (NOCS). The checklist can be downloaded
from the NICEIC website Scotland section.
This combined certificate is then submitted to the person
ordering the work, while the NICEIC Approved Certifier of
Construction retains the checklist and retains copies of the
combined certificate for auditing purposes.
Note 1: Certificates should also be submitted for electrical

installation work (BS 7671) pertaining to a fire detection and fire
alarm system and/or an emergency lighting installation. However,
the Certifier of Construction Scheme does not cover work applicable
to BS 5839 and BS 5266 or confirm compliance with these standards.
Note 2: If the person ordering the work is not the building owner
that person should pass all NICEIC Electrical Certificates to the
building owner who should retain them.
2a: NICEIC records the number

Continues over... of NICEIC Certificates of
Construction issued and
notifies BSD, periodically,
of the numbers used.
Note 2: If the person ordering the work is not the building owner
that person should pass all NICEIC Electrical Certificates to the
POCKET GUIDE
building owner who should retain them. 36
2a: NICEIC records the number

of NICEIC Certificates of
Construction issued and
notifies BSD, periodically,
of the numbers used.
3: The Building Warrant Applicant submits the Completion

Certificate and Certificate of Construction to the Verifier.
4: The Verifier checks the validity of the Certifier of Construction

and Approved Body using the BSD online Certification
Register, and a valid Certificate of Construction is accepted
as evidence of compliance with the Building Regulations,
regarding the matters certified.

18th Ammendment 2 Pocket Notes

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

18th Ammendment 2 Pocket Notes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

INTRODUCING THE

NICEIC POCKET GUIDE APP

ACCESS ANYTIME, ANYWHERE

SEARCH AND FAVOURITES FUNCTION

UPDATED QUICKLY AS NEW REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS ARE PUBLISHED

INCLUDES 4 HANDY CALCULATORS

SCAN HERE TO DOWNLOAD NOW OR VISIT NICEIC.COM/POCKETGUIDES

THE POWER BEHIND YOUR BUSINESS

*A window recess is zone 2

© Certsure LLP 2022

For showers without a basin there is no

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF

© Certsure LLP 2022

OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF

© Certsure LLP 2022

When checking for a voltage between

Note 1: This Guide gives information on safe working procedures

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

Note 1: This Guide includes recommendations on various

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

Zone within 150 mm from the top of the wall or partition

© Certsure LLP 2022

Zone within 150 mm from the top of the wall or partition

© Certsure LLP 2022

Note 1: This Guide applies to cables installed at a depth of less

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

Consumer unit Switches

1350 mm 1200* mm 450* mm 300 mm

Additionally for category 2 dwellings,

*For wheelchair users Category 3 applies (accessory centre line

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

Generally a minimum clearance

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

2.25 m from the floor

‡ Where there is no bath tub or shower tray, the space

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

Table 1. Non-armoured cable maximum support spacing

Table 2. Armoured cable maximum support spacing

© Certsure LLP 2022

Table 3. Mineral insulated copper sheathed (MICS) fixing

Note 1: This Guide provides a quick reference to spacings of

© Certsure LLP 2022

Guidance on this subject is covered

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

© Certsure LLP 2022

HA Heat alarm (user-replaceable battery)