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CAPITULOS DEL 1 AL 8
La novela “Brave New
World” nos cuenta sobre
un mundo distopico, es
decir una
hipotética sociedad futura
donde el gobierno mediante
ciencia y tecnología ejerce
un
control sobre la sociedad. a
diferencia de nuestro mundo,
aquí el gobierno controla cada
movimiento, y la felicidad es
únicamente una apariencia
provocada por la ignorancia y
por
las drogas.
La novela habla de diversos
temas de la sociedad actual y
sus futuras consecuencias, por
lo que solo voy a destacar los
tres de mayor importancia: las
clases sociales, la clonación
y la identidad.
1- clases sociales: La sociedad
ha sido dividida en diferentes
grupos para tenerlos bajo
control, condicionándolos a
aceptar su destino en la vida.
2- clonación: a diferencia de
nuestro mundo, aquí los
científicos no tienen reparos
morales
en absoluto con la clonación
humana, y, de hecho, lo han
industrializado a gran escala,
produciendo grandes lotes de
humanos fisiológicamente
idénticos.
3- identidad: la novela da una
sensación de comunidad
artificial. nadie tiene una
identidad
individual, sino que se
construyó una identidad
comunitaria. no hay
experiencias únicas y
nadie tiene sentimientos únicos.
La novela “Brave New
World” nos cuenta sobre
un mundo distopico, es
decir una
hipotética sociedad futura
donde el gobierno mediante
ciencia y tecnología ejerce
un
control sobre la sociedad. a
diferencia de nuestro mundo,
aquí el gobierno controla cada
movimiento, y la felicidad es
únicamente una apariencia
provocada por la ignorancia y
por
las drogas.
La novela habla de diversos
temas de la sociedad actual y
sus futuras consecuencias, por
lo que solo voy a destacar los
tres de mayor importancia: las
clases sociales, la clonación
y la identidad.
1- clases sociales: La sociedad
ha sido dividida en diferentes
grupos para tenerlos bajo
control, condicionándolos a
aceptar su destino en la vida.
2- clonación: a diferencia de
nuestro mundo, aquí los
científicos no tienen reparos
morales
en absoluto con la clonación
humana, y, de hecho, lo han
industrializado a gran escala,
produciendo grandes lotes de
humanos fisiológicamente
idénticos.
3- identidad: la novela da una
sensación de comunidad
artificial. nadie tiene una
identidad
individual, sino que se
construyó una identidad
comunitaria. no hay
experiencias únicas y
nadie tiene sentimientos únicos.
Globalization

It can be defined as a global process of social, economic and political exchanges. I’d like now to
mention its causes which are the improvements in technology and transportation. (freedom of
trade) We have to consider the pros and cons of this process. Now, what are the advantages?
We can mention that exchanges are done more quickly and less complicated (because of the
improvements in transportation and technology).

*There are, however, disadvantages.The most important is pollution which is generated by big
factories. (that invest in the poorest countries) Why do multinationals invest in the poorest
countries? What are the factors that attract multinationals to invest in the poorest countries?
*Because the poor countries have cheaper labour supply.

* Because the corruption of poorest countries allows pollution

*Because the poorest countries think that the inward investments are more important than
the protection of environment *Because the raw materials are cheaper.

*GLOBALIZATION ¿QUÉ TENGO QUE ESTUDIAR PRINCIPALMENTE? *CONCEPT *KEY

FACTORS/REASONS/ BACKGROUND/CAUSES (antecedentes,orígenes de la globalización) -
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION (MEJORAS EN EL TRANSPORTE) for example: airlines
with new and faster airplanes -FREEDOM OF TRADE (LIBERTAD DE COMERCIO) trade without
barriers between countries -IMPROVEMENTS OF COMMUNICATIONS (MEJORAS EN LAS
COMUNICACIONES) for example: the use of new technology for communication influences this
area because news (noticias) are spread quickly -LABOUR AVAILABILITY(DISPONIBILIDAD
LABORAL) cheap labour in poor countries.

These factors fostered this process of globalization./These factors have fostered this process of
globalization.

*POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS

*LEDCs (less economically developed countries)the poorest countries ----- in developing

countries

*MEDCs (more economically developed countries)the richest countries.

Globalization affects many areas in a positive way. I agree because globalization is a global
process of social, economic and political exchanges. Therefore, I think these exchanges affect
many areas in a positive way. For example: the technological advance affects education
because the new electronic devices-gadgets-tools help students in their learning progress.
Moreover, it influences communication area because the news are spread quickly (or because
it increases awareness of events in different parts of the world). On the other hand,
globalization increases the gap between poor and rich countries. It increases wealthy in
MEDCS but also poverty in LEDCS. In addition, globalization threats the local culture with new
celebrations and new fashion.

CULTURE (+) *The invention of the imprent that favored the spread of books around the world
(and knowledge in places where had not had yet) (-) * The threat with the national/local
culture(language, traditions and celebrations like Halloween)

*GLOBALIZATION IN ARGENTINA *WE HAVE EXPORTED TO THE WORLD A LOT OF THINGS

SUCH AS CEREALS, LEATHER, MEAT AND MATE. *WE HAVE INCORPORATED FROM OTHER
COUNTRIES NETFLIX, MUSIC, technologies,machines,CELEBRATIONS, FASHION,sports,
DISEASES (ENFERMEDADES),CLOTHES,medicines.

*A product we import from a distant country. Chery (Car) *A multinational company that
works in Argentina.(Coke Cola) *Problems we have had due to a crisis in another country.
Coronavirus *Foreign companies offering services in Argentina. Facebook *Frequent franchises
in our country.

GLOBALIZATION IN BNW RELATE THIS TOPIC WITH THE NOVEL BNW In BNW, we can say
globalization affects the political programme because it is the base in all sub-centres in the
world state. The novel shows a materialistic world, in this aspect similar to our world, for
example: themselves were produced like a manufacturing good by scientist by machines.
Moreover, the use of soma in all the classes.

Discriminacion

DEFINITION OF DISCRIMINATION

WE DISCRIMINATE AGAINST SOMEONE WHEN WE HAVE NEGATIVE THOUGHTS BASED ON

STEREOTYPES.

It is defined as an unfair or unequal treatment of an individual or a group. In our society we

can see discrimination in many situations and places for example at schools and in the jobs.
There a re three types of discrimination, these are positive, direct and indirect discrimination.
Positive discrimination is the provision of special opportunities for a disadvantaged group. For
example scholarships for certain social group,they allow them study

AS AN ILLUSTRATION, we can mention the discounts in some museums for students

AS AN ILLUSTRATION, we can mention the first seats in the public transportation which are
reserved for old people, pregnant and disabled people

as an illustration we can mention the paraolympic games because they are exclusive for
disabled people who would be excluded in the other games.

The second type is direct discrimination which occurs when someone is treated less favourably
than another person due to a stereotype. For example when someone isn´t hired in a job due
to the age

The third type is indirect discrimination, it occurs when a company or an institution has a rule
or a condition that discriminate against someone. For example the lack of ramps in a company,
this discriminates against the disabled people who can´t go upstairs. For example when in a job
add is required 5 years of experience , people who are 18 can´t apply because they still
finished the school.

RELATION WITH THE NOVEL DISCRIMINATION IS PRESENT IN THE NOVEL FROM THE
BEGINNING BECAUSE THE SOCIETY WAS DIVIDED INTO FIVE CLASSES. CITIZENS
DISCRIMINATED AGAINST OTHER SOCIAL GROUPS (FOR EXAMPLE BETA´S CHILDREN
DISCRIMINATED AGAINST DELTA´S CHILDREN)

Discrimination in Brave New World (chapters 9 to 12). John is known as “the Savage”. Why?
How can you describe him? Do you think calling him that way is discriminative? Why/Why not?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of being “The Savage”?.

JOHN IS KNOWN AS “THE SAVAGE” BY THE WORLD STATE'S CITIZENS BECAUSE HE LIVED IN
THE RESERVATION AND HE HAD ATTITUDES CONSIDERED WILD FOR THE PERFECT SOCIETY,
FOR EXAMPLE HE HAD A MOTHER AND HE READ BOOKS.JOHN WAS BLONDE AND STRONG,
VERY DIFFERENT TO THE REST OF CITIZENS IN THE RESERVATION.I THINK THAT CALLING JOHN
“THE SAVAGE” IS DISCRIMINATIVE BECAUSE THE CITIZENS LABEL HIS PERSONALITY WITH THE
CONCEPT OF “A SAVAGE” AND THEY DON´T THINK THAT HE IS A PERSON.JOHN WASN´T
CONDITIONED BECAUSE HE WAS BORN IN THE RESERVATION SO WHEN HE KNEW THE WORLD
STATE HE COULD HAVE AN OBJECTIVE VIEW ABOUT THE WORLD BECAUSE HE COULD THINK BY
HIMSELF.

Globalization

Globalization is a historical process of global integration in the economic, political,

technological, social and cultural spheres, which has made the world an increasingly
interconnected place. Some of the causes of globalization were the changes in international
geopolitics of the 20th century, the need to expand economic markets, and the revolution in
telecommunications and information technology for example mobile phones, airplanes and
internet.

BNW: A good example of globalization in brave new world could be the new technologies that
there are in this civilization. In Brave New World there are airplanes, international controllers
and new technologies that promote the conditioning of the different social groups. Therefore,
an economy improvement, the unemployment disappeared and diseases were eradicated.
However, these aspects are negative in some cases, because in the society, the cultural
diversity is lost and, in the case of civilization, their families and the feeling of love are totally
missing. Against to civilization, exists the reserve, where "the savages" are living. In the
reserve, there is no globalization, because they have their costumes, feelings, they get married
and have their families. At the same time, there aren´t new technologies, or new forms of
telecommunication, so they keep their culture.

Opinion: In my opinion globalization could not be classified as a good or a bad thing. It is simply
a necessary and unavoidable historical process. It is necessary for the economic, technological
and cultural growth of a country, but it attracts disadvantages that can magnify the gap
between the world´s poorest countries and the world´s richest ones.

Discrimination:

Discrimination refers to divide or put things in different categories, but in the practice, we use
this concept to talk about a way of exclusion that takes place when someone attacks a
disadvantage group just for having a characteristic (age, disability, gender, race, religion, sex,
sexual orientation, marriage, pregnancy and maternity). For example, when someone does not
get a job or has a lower salary because of his religious beliefs or his gender.

Stereotypes are images held in our minds in regards to certain racial or cultural groups,
without consideration of whether the images held are true or false. The prejudicial attitude
occurs when we prejudge a person, good or bad, without knowing if that stereotypes
associated are true or not. Discrimination is the combination of the terms mentioned above,
but involves actually acting out with unfair treatment, directing the action towards the person
or group.

1. Positive Discrimination: This type is evident in the provision of special opportunities for a
disadvantaged group in order to avoid inequality.
2. Direct Discrimination: This type occurs when a person receives unequal treatment due to a
characteristic they have or because they are related with a person who has this characteristic.
For example, an employer offers more benefits to single women employees than to pregnant
ones.

3. Indirect discrimination: This type occurs when an institution or company has a condition,
rule, policy or even a practice which applies to everyone with the exception of some people.
For example, the menu of a restaurant that doesn´t have food for people with celiac disease.

BNW: Positive: I think that the different classes, the alphas, betas, gammas, deltas and
epsilons, are a kind of positive discrimination because they were divided by her abilities, so
every person was classified according to this. It was very conditioning but this is how this
society works. Direct: we can see this type of discrimination when John is called “the savage”
for living in the reserve. The people of the reserve had different customs than those who lived
in the city. For example, they felt love, they were mothers and fathers, they also get old and
were a little dirty. The idea of having feelings was disgusting to the civilized. I think that calling
him "the savage" is discriminating, because it labels it as someone different from the rest,
giving it a negative connotation to his appearance and customs. All the people wanted to see
him and treated him like an animal. Indirect: A good example of this type of discrimination
could be when in Brave New World, only alphas and betas can study and obtain a good job.
However, gammas, deltas and epsilons cannot study, so they obtain very sacrificed jobs.

Opinion: In my opinion, and to conclude, discrimination in some cases is positive, but many
times it is a disadvantage for some groups and it produce exclusion for them.

Leadership

The leadership can be defined as an action of influencing a group of people of an organization

to accomplish a goal. This leadership could be positive or negative: If we talk about a positive
leadership, we talk about a leader. The leaders are people who follow a vision of how they
want a job or project to develop, and in order to carry out that vision, they coach their
employees and helping them develop new skills. In addition, they teach their employees how
to perform tasks, and generate enthusiasm, says “We” instead of “I”, they are engaged in the
teamwork. What’s more, they give credit to their employees for their joint accomplishments.
On the other hand, if we talk about a negative leadership, we talk about a boss. The bosses are
persons who focus on following the structures of a job, they are authoritarian. In addition, they
inspire fear in their employees and he use them to obtain rewards, or take credit. Says “I”
instead of “We”. Besides, they don´t get engaged in teamwork.

The three leadership lessons from Steve Jobs:

1. The first lesson is: DON´T DO IT FOR THE MONEY. A leader understood that money is not the
most important thing. He was focused more on the pursuit of excellence and the unique
experience of daily life. This leadership trait focuses on the invaluable importance of passion,
talent, and creativity.

2. The second lesson is: SET HIGHER STANDARS. A leader set impossibly high standards for
himself to become the benchmark for every company. A leader is constant improve himself.
3. The third lesson is: HIRE THE BEST. A leader hires the best employees for her company.

BNW

First of all, we have at Mustapha Mond, one of the 10 world controllers. I think that Mustapha
Mond is a leader because, although he imposes rules, he cares about keeping society happy
and stable. He thinks that this is a perfect society where everyone plays a role exactly suited to
their desires and abilities. On the other hand, we have at The Director and I think that he is a
boss because he focuses on the structure. Besides, he is authoritarian and takes the decisions.
What's more, he inspires fear in his employees. For example: when he tells Bernard that he will
send him to Iceland. So, I think that The Director is boss because he makes decisions that
satisfy only his personal wishes. In the next place we have at John, he could be a leader if we
consider the scene where he throws the soma to make people feel human and also for his
expressions, emotions and because he makes reflections. We could say that he is a leader
because John wanted to explain to the rest that the world state where they live is an unreal
world. And finally, we have at Lenina Crowne, who worked at the hatchery. From my point of
view, she was not considered leader or boss, because she was only a popular girl. I think that
she is only an object of desire for a number of characters.

Ethic

The Ethic can be defined as the behavior and character of an individual, and its general way of
being. It is a system of moral principles that define what is good for a society. They affect how
people make decisions and lead their lives.

Ethics covers the following dilemmas: How to live a good life? Our rights and responsibilities.
The language of right and wrong. Moral decisions. What is good and bad.

The word Deontology, is different from the term of ethic but they are complementary. The
term deontology it can be defined as a code of conduct that applies to a professional. Besides,
it establishes the rules and duties that member of a professional activity must follow.
Professionalism can be identified as a conduct, aims or qualities that characterize a profession
or professional person. It is related to success and influence. Moreover, the professional
person or organization must have a good reputation to be successful. In order to say what
good professionals are like and what behavior they should have within their professional
practices, it is useful to take into account both deontological norms and ethical references.
When referring to the professions, ‘ethics’ and ‘deontology’ are two words which are often
used interchangeably.

Basic Principles of Medical Ethics

There are four basic principles of medical ethics. Each addresses a value that arises in
interactions between providers and patients.

Autonomy: People have the right to control what happens to their bodies. This principle simply
means that an informed, competent adult patient can refuse or accept treatments, drugs, and
surgeries according to their wishes. These decisions must be respected by everyone, even if
those decisions aren’t in the best interest of the patient.

Beneficence: All healthcare providers must strive to improve their patient’s health, to do the
best for the patient in every situation. But what is good for one patient may not be good for
another, so each situation should be considered individually.

No maleficence: In every situation, healthcare providers should avoid causing harm to their
patients. They should also be aware of the doctrine of double effect, where a treatment
intended for good unintentionally causes harm.

Justice: Health providers should try to be as fair as possible when offering treatments to
patients and allocating scarce medical resources.

BNW: Is sexual harassment a form of unethical behavior in the workplace? In brave new world
there is sexual harassment. For example, a one occasion, Lenina want John so, she started to
take off her clothes and she put John very uncomfortable. A good example of no maleficence
in brave new world could be when Linda was dying a hospital, and Delta's kids laughed of her.
On this occasion, the principle of no maleficence wasn't complying.

TEXTO FINAL

What is International Trade?

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. First of all, let me thank you all for coming here
today. Let me introduce myself. I’m CamilaCarabajal. I’m CEO of Coca Cola here in
Buenos Aires. Today’s topic is “International Trade”. The topic is very important for
you because you’ll understand the great impact international trade has in a country. By
the end of this talk, you’ll be familiar with concepts such as Comparative Advantage
and Proteccionism. I’ve divided my presentation into 3 parts. I’ll start off by defining
the concept of International Trade. Then, I’ll explain the increased efficiency of trading
globally. Finally I’ll end with the importance of globalization for International Trade. In
the end, you’ll have time for questions.

I think everybody has heard about international trade, but hardly anyone knows a lot
about it. So, I would like to give a definition of International Trade. It can be defined as
the exchange of goods and services between countries. It gives consumers and countries
the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries,
or which would be more expensive domestically. A good example of this is Brazilian
coffee which is imported by European countries. As a result, it is available in other
countries. That´s all I have to say about the concept of International Trade.
Now, let´s move on to the increase efficiency. Countries are endowed with different
assets and natural resources some countries may produce the same good more
efficiently; and therefore, sell it more cheaply than other countries. If a country cannot
efficiently produce an item, it can obtain this by trading with another country.
Therefore, countries might produce more by focusing on those products with which they
have a comparative advantage. To illustrate this point, I can speak about China and
United States. Moreover, comparative advantages help to explain the unsuccessful of
protectionism. If a government imposes tariffs, it may produce a local benefit but that
country will grow to be at a disadvantage relative to countries that were already better
able to produce these items at a lower opportunity cost. Because of this, it does not
bring a long-term solution to a trade problem.

Now, I would like to discuss about the importance of globalization for International
Trade No country in the world has all the resources it needs; globalization has allowed
access to them because the exchanges of goods and services are done more quickly and
in a less complicated way. Moreover, new relationships between companies, suppliers
and customers are done. As an illustration, I can mention the development of the
railways in Argentina which had an important role in the economic development of
Argentina between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. Speaking
personally, both International Trade and Globalization need themselves to exist. We do
need free trade to the exchanges can be done easier.

So, that’s all I have to say. To recap briefly, on the first issue, the key point I want to
emphasize is the importance of international trade for countries because it gives them
the goods and services they need. Regarding the second issue, I think that now we all
see the importance of focusing on those goods with which countries have comparative
advantages due to the lower cost to produce them. The final point was the importance of
globalization for international trade and for me the big issue, as I said Globalization is
related to the development of international trade. Without globalization a country
wouldn’t be able to export or import goods due to higher cost or difficulty in carrying it
out.

To conclude I’d like to say that China is the leader in International Trade because it is
the largest exporter of the world due to its cheaper products. Because of this, it has a
huge trade surplus. Therefore, China is a good example for other countries because it
motivates them to follow in its footsteps and increase their exports to achieve stability in
their trade balances. In addition to this, I’d like to say that in BNW there’s no
International Trade because the government controls everything that people consume
and, probably, it imposes tariffs. Therefore, citizens cannot import goods or services not
available in that place. Moreover, it seems to me that they wouldn’t need new goods
because they are always happy.

Thank you for your attention. So, do you have any questions?