a.

Thaliana - silic Dominant ang gametophytic stage (pteri ,

growth factors 'unpublished" bryo)
Herbivory
PREPOLLINATION
Angiosperms - "double fertilization" Niche differentiation - isolation
coming from the sperm nuclei fusing to the Phenological isolation - timing;
egg nucleus and polar nuclei intrinsic/induced
• triploid endosperm Pollinator specialization
• zygote
POSTPOLLINATION
Zygote naa nay polarity Pollen-stigma intrxn
Hybrid seed formation
Seedling - sapling - mature tree F1 viability, fertility
F2 """
cell division "radial symmetric"
heart stage "bilateral symmetry" PREZYGOTIC (attachment of the stigma to
the flower)
Direction development -Lack of pollen germination

1cell - head: dense cytoplasm = shoot; basal: POSTZYGOTIC

many vacuole = roots (carbs weigh down the Extrinsic - hybrids can't survive
development of roots to attach to substrate) Intrinsic - hybrid sterility, h seed lethality, h
inviability
Suspensor cells rag umbilical cord
Dermatogen rag germ layers
Protoderm = ecto ; dermal tissues of plant
Dama de noche
Embryonic leaf = cotyledon
Embryonic Root = radicle cell wall can be the intermediate form for
cell-cell communication (polarity)
Suspensor cells elongate and becomes
torpedo (torpedo stage) ECM holds the cell to where it should be
located, aha mutubo n such
Function of quiescent stage (dormancy) -
Needs optimum environment for Plasmodesmata - small opening for
germination communication

Meristematic tissue is characterized in plants Meristematic cells are analog to stem cell
compared to animals - always there; always a baby cell
- give rise to new organs
- intermediate development
Parenchymatous tissue - thin, easily divide
and communicate
Totipotency - ability to differentiate
Etiolation - dedifferentiation
Intercalary meristem - ex: bamboo increase
in length
Apical meristem - increase in height
Lateral M. - increase width/girth
Parenchymatous cell - vacuole look alike
Meristems - heavily nucleated
Meristematic Cell Division:
Periclinal div - daughter cells grow above
Anticlinal div - right angle, tapad
Domains (axis of the plant) - equivalent to
its vertical line
Axial patterning -> apical & basal division
- along the plant axis
Animal repeating units - micromeres, macro,
meso; In plant, PHYTOMERS
Domains of Growth & Development
Central
Peripheral - away from the center
Abaxial - away from the axis
Adaxial - facing towards the axis
Sagittal - pie
Radial - around the plant
Vascular Tissues - transports water n
nutrients
- xylem n phloem (grows alternate manner)
Cambial zone (CAMBIUM) - produces X n
P alternately in a radial manner
Procambium - X towards the inner part
Next yr: P towards the outer part
Annual rings - age, history of a plant
Maturity and Polarity
Acropetal - proliferate near the tip
Basipetal - " " " " " " " " " " " " " the base
Diffused and equal -
Early globular stage - elaborated polarity
Peripheral Cells - turns into leaf
Arabidopsis is independent of cell division
Auxin - elongation; concentrates the cell to
create a canal where water will go
Gibberellins - leaves
Flexible to regenerate/repair disrupted
tissues.
Columella initials- produces columella stem
cells
Quiescent center - controls the cell division
Pericycle - single cell; grows lateral roots
some are epidermal extension
Endodermis - controls what kind of
chemicals that goes into vascular tissue
Cortex - keep the tissues together (platform)
Note: Basta naay initials mag produce ug
stem cell

In roots, cytokinins (associated with cell
division) are relatively higher.
If shoot, auxin.
Assignment:
Gene/Protein Guidelines
Nuclear Cellular Helobial

Auxins are involved in all plants

Parental cell
Position of the cell

Root branching
Tissue patterning
RAM Maintenance

BRYOPHYTES
gametophytic
sporophytic

Protonema
Chloronema
Caulonema

Polyembryogenic
When mahitabo polyembryogeny? happens
during cleavage period.
Program cell death later

Angiosperms - apical-basal; double

fertilization
ENDOSCOPE
Ferns based on quadrant
Direction: posterior & anterior
EXOGENOUS: bryo n pteridophytes

Gymnosperms "double fertilization"

*embryo
*integument