. 1.

Polyglot: A polyglot is a person who is proficient in

several languages or who has a high level of proficiency
in multiple languages.

2. Code-switching: Code-switching refers to the

practice of alternating between two or more languages
or dialects within a single conversation or interaction,
often depending on the social context or the
participants involved.

3. Language loss: Language loss occurs when a language

ceases to be spoken or used by a community or group
of speakers. This can happen due to various reasons
such as social, political, or economic factors.

4. Language death: Language death refers to the

complete extinction of a language when there are no
longer any native speakers or users of the language.
This typically occurs when a language is no longer
passed down through generations and is eventually
abandoned in favor of other languages.

5. Multilingualism threatens nationalism: This

statement suggests that the presence of multiple
languages within a nation or community can pose
challenges to the promotion of a unified national
identity or sense of belonging. It implies that linguistic
diversity may undermine efforts to foster a strong
sense of nationalism among citizens who speak
different languages.
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7.TRUE
8. FALSE
9. FALSE
10. TRUE
 .More interestingly, scientists have proved polyglots possess more advanced
cognitive abilities, compared to monolinguals. Ratte (1968) and Lapkin et al.
(1990) claimed that they have a keener ear for listening and their memories are
sharper
.
✓ Diaz (1983) also declared multilinguals better verbal development, spatial
abilities, and conceptual development, along with creativity. Hakuta (1986) and
Landry (1973) agreed that multihull children show more flexibility with cognitive
skills, solve problems generally better, have higher-order thinking skills, figural
creativity and divergent thinking.

✓Masciantonio (1997), Raffaerty (1986), Andrea et al (1989), Armstrong and

Rogers (1997), and Saunders (1998) believed that polyglots outperform others in
standardized tests and core subjects consistently. For instance, in Brussels
secondary schools, multilingual scholars usually outperform their peers in fraction
and problem-solving exercises, achieve higher Mathematics scores and Arts
scores. In 1995, UNESCO declared that bilinguals and multilinguals are more used
to code-switching thought patterns and have more flexible minds.

✓ In the same year, Bruck et al discovered that multilinguals are capable of

improving performance in both verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests such as IQ
tests. Furthermore, Dr. Michale Phelps, Chairman of the Department of Molecular
and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine,
in 1996, has spoken on the correlation between learning foreign languages and
the lifelong benefits of developing the brain, as well as the functional connections
in the child s brain developed by learning other languages.

✓ Last but not least, one of the most contributive factors in determining the
individual benefits of multilingualism is personal development. A multilingual
regularly plays the role of both the insider and the outsider and thus is able to
witness his or her culture from a new perspective that is unavailable to monoglots.
They, as a result, could broaden their horizons, compare and contrast different
cultural concepts.
 Switzerland is a prime example of a multilingual society. The
country has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and
Romansh. The language norms vary by region:

German (Schweizerdeutsch): Swiss German is the most widely

spoken language in Switzerland, used by about 63% of the
population. However, there is no standard written form of Swiss
German, and it's primarily a spoken language. Swiss Germans often
use standard German for writing and formal communication.

French (Français suisse): French is spoken by approximately 23% of

the Swiss population, mainly in the western part of the country.
The French spoken in Switzerland is similar to standard French but
may have some lexical and pronunciation differences.

Italian (Italiano svizzero): Italian is spoken by around 8% of the

Swiss population, primarily in the canton of Ticino and some parts
of Graubünden. While standard Italian is used in formal settings,
the Italian spoken in Switzerland may incorporate some local
dialectal features.

Romansh (Rumantsch): Romansh is the least spoken official

language in Switzerland, used by less than 1% of the population,
mainly in the canton of Graubünden. There are several dialects of
Romansh, each with its own unique characteristics, and it's
primarily a spoken language.

.Switzerland's multilingualism is not only reflected in its official

languages but also in the diversity of languages spoken by
immigrants and expatriates, adding further richness to the
linguistic landscape of the country.