7

Gravitation P-113

Gravitation
(a) 500 days (b) 320 days
TOPIC 1 Kepler's Laws of Planetary (c) 260 days (d) 220 days
Motion 4. The time period of a satellite of earth is 5 hours. If the
1. If the angular momentum of a planet of mass m, moving separation between the earth and the satellite is increased
around the Sun in a circular orbit is L, about the center of to 4 times the previous value, the new time period will
the Sun, its areal velocity is: [9 Jan. 2019 I] become [2003]
(a) 10 hours (b) 80 hours
L 4L L 2L
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) 40 hours (d) 20 hours
m m 2m m
2. Figure shows elliptical path abcd of a planet around the
TOPIC 2 Newton's Universal Law of
1 Gravitation
sun S such that the area of triangle csa is the area of the
4 5. A straight rod of length L extends from x = a to x = L + a.
ellipse. (See figure) With db as the semimajor axis, and ca The gravitational force it exerts on point mass ‘m’ at x = 0,
as the semiminor axis. If t1 is the time taken for planet to go if the mass per unit length of the rod is A + Bx2, is given
over path abc and t2 for path taken over cda then: by: [12 Jan. 2019 I]
[Online April 9, 2016]
c é æ 1 1ö ù
(a) Gm ê A ç - ÷ - BL ú
ë èa+L aø û
d b
S é æ1 1 ö ù
(b) Gm ê A ç - ÷ - BL ú
ë è a a + L ø û
a
(a) t1 = 4t2 (b) t1 = 2t2 é æ 1 1ö ù
(c) t1 = 3t2 (d) t1 = t2 (c) Gm ê A ç - ÷ + BL ú
ë èa+L aø û
3. India’s Mangalyan was sent to the Mars by launching it
into a transfer orbit EOM around the sun. It leaves the é æ1 1 ö ù
earth at E and meets Mars at M. If the semi-major axis of (d) Gm ê A ç - ÷ + BL ú
ë è a a + L ø û
Earth’s orbit is ae = 1.5 × 1011 m, that of Mars orbit am =
2.28 × 1011 m, taken Kepler’s laws give the estimate of time 6. Take the mean distance of the moon and the sun from the
for Mangalyan to reach Mars from Earth to be close to: earth to be 0.4 × 106 km and 150 × 106 km respectively.
[Online April 9, 2014] Their masses are 8 × 1022 kg and 2 × 1030 kg respectively.
Mars orbit
The radius of the earth is 6400 km. Let DF1 be the difference
in the forces exerted by the moon at the nearest and farthest
O
points on the earth and DF2 be the difference in the force
exerted by the sun at the nearest and farthest points on
am ae
E
DF1
M
Sun the earth. Then, the number closest to is:
DF2

Earth’s orbit [Online April 15, 2018]

(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 10–2 (d) 0.6
P-114 Physics

7. Four particles, each of mass M and equidistant from each 12. The acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s surface at
other, move along a circle of radius R under the action of the poles is g and angular velocity of the earth about the
their mutual gravitational attraction. The speed of each axis passing through the pole is w. An object is weighed at
particle is: [2014] the equator and at a height h above the poles by using a
spring balance. If the weights are found to be same, then h
GM GM is : (h<<R, where R is the radius of the earth)
(a) (b) 2 2
R R
R 2w 2 R 2w 2
(a) (b) [5 Sep. 2020 (II)]
(c)
GM
R
(
1+ 2 2 ) (d)
1 GM
2 R
(
1+ 2 2 ) 2g g

R 2w 2 R 2w 2
8. From a sphere of mass M and radius R, a smaller sphere of (c) (d)
4g 8g
R
radius is carved out such that the cavity made in the 13. The height 'h' at which the weight of a body will be the
2
original sphere is between its centre and the periphery same as that at the same depth 'h' from the surface of the
(See figure). For the configuration in the figure where the earth is (Radius of the earth is R and effect of the rotation
of the earth is neglected) : [2 Sep. 2020 (II)]
distance between the centre of the original sphere and the
removed sphere is 3R, the gravitational force between the 5 R
two sphere is: [Online April 11, 2014] (a) R-R (b)
2 2
5R - R 3R - R
(c) (d)
2 2
14. A box weighs 196 N on a spring balance at the north pole.
Its weight recorded on the same balance if it is shifted to
the equator is close to (Take g = 10 ms –2 at the north pole
3R and the radius of the earth = 6400 km): [7 Jan. 2020 II]
41 GM 2 41 GM 2 59 GM 2 GM 2 (a) 195.66 N (b) 194.32 N
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) 194.66 N (d) 195.32 N
3600 R 2 450 R 2 450 R 2 225 R 2
15. The ratio of the weights of a body on the Earth’s surface to
9. Two particles of equal mass ‘m’ go around a circle of radius that on the surface of a planet is 9:4. The mass of the
R under the action of their mutual gravitational attraction.
The speed of each particle with respect to their centre of 1
planet is th of that of the Earth. If ‘R’ is the radius of the
mass is [2011 RS] 9
Gm Gm Gm Gm Earth, what is the radius of the planet ? (Take the planets
(a) (b) (c) (d) to have the same mass density). [12 April 2019 II]
4R 3R 2R R
10. Two spherical bodies of mass M and 5M & radii R & 2R R R R R
respectively are released in free space with initial separation (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 9 2
between their centres equal to 12 R. If they attract each
16. The value of acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface
other due to gravitational force only, then the distance
is 9.8 ms– 2. The altitude above its surface at which the
covered by the smaller body just before collision is [2003]
acceleration due to gravity decreases to 4.9 ms– 2, is close
(a) 2.5 R (b) 4.5 R (c) 7.5 R (d) 1.5 R
to : (Radius of earth = 6.4 × 106 m) [10 April 2019 I]
(a) 2.6×10 m6 6
(b) 6.4×10 m
TOPIC 3 Acceleration due to Gravity (c) 9.0×106 m (d) 1.6×106 m
17. Suppose that the angular velocity of rotation of earth is
11. The value of acceleration due to gravity is g1 at a height increased. Then, as a consequence.
[Online April 16, 2018]
R
h= (R = radius of the earth) from the surface of the (a) There will be no change in weight anywhere on the
2
earth
earth. It is again equal to g1 and a depth d below the sur- (b) Weight of the object, everywhere on the earth, wild
ædö decrease
face of the earth. The ratio ç ÷ equals : [5 Sep. 2020 (I)] (c) Weight of the object, everywhere on the earth, will
è Rø
increase
4 5 1 7 (d) Except at poles, weight of the object on the earth will
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 3 9 decrease
Gravitation P-115

18. The variation of acceleration due to gravity g with distance 22. Assuming the earth to be a sphere of uniform density, the
d from centre of the earth is best represented by (R = acceleration due to gravity inside the earth at a distance of
Earth's radius): [2017, Online May 7, 2012] r from the centre is proportional to[Online May 12, 2012]
g (a) r (b) r–1 (c) r2 (d) r–2
g
23. The height at which the acceleration due to gravity
g
(a) (b) becomes (where g = the acceleration due to gravity on
d d 9
O R O R the surface of the earth) in terms of R, the radius of the
g earth, is [2009]
g
R
(a) (b) R / 2 (c) 2R (d) 2 R
2
(c) d (d)
d 24. The change in the value of ‘g’ at a height ‘h’ above the
O O R surface of the earth is the same as at a depth ‘d’ below the
19. The mass density of a spherical body is given by r (r) = surface of earth. When both ‘d’ and ‘h’ are much smaller
k than the radius of earth, then which one of the following is
for r < R and r (r) = 0 for r > R, correct? [2005]
r
where r is the distance from the centre. 3h h
The correct graph that describes qualitatively the accel- (a) d = (b) d =
2 2
eration, a, of a test particle as a function of r is : (c) d = h (d) d =2 h
[Online April 9, 2017] 25. Average density of the earth [2005]
(a) is a complex function of g
a a (b) does not depend on g
(c) is inversely proportional to g
(a) (b) (d) is directly proportional to g

R r R r Gravitational Field and

TOPIC 4
Potential Energy
a a
26. Two planets have masses M and 16 M and their radii are a
(c) (d) and 2a, respectively. The separation between the centres
of the planets is 10a. A body of mass m is fired from the
r surface of the larger planet towards the smaller planet along
R R r
the line joining their centres. For the body to be able to
20. If the Earth has no rotational motion, the weight of a person reach the surface of smaller planet, the minimum firing
on the equator is W. Determine the speed with which the speed needed is : [6 Sep. 2020 (II)]
earth would have to rotate about its axis so that the person
GM GM
3 (a) 2 (b) 4
at the equator will weight W . Radius of the Earth is a a
4
2
6400 km and g =10 m/s . [Online April 8, 2017] GM 2 3 5GM
(c) (d)
ma 2 a
(a) 1.1×10–3 rad/s (b) 0.83×10–3 rad/s
27. On the x-axis and at a distance x from the origin, the
(c) 0.63 × 10–3 rad/s (d) 0.28×10–3 rad/s gravitational field due to a mass distribution is given by
21. The change in the value of acceleration of earth towards Ax
sun, when the moon comes from the position of solar in the x-direction. The magnitude of
( x + a 2 )3/2
2
eclipse to the position on the other side of earth in line
with sun is: gravitational potential on the x-axis at a distance x, taking
its value to be zero at infinity, is : [4 Sep. 2020 (I)]
(mass of the moon = 7.36 × 1022 kg, radius of the moon’s
orbit = 3.8 × 108 m). [Online April 22, 2013] A A
(a) 1
(b)
6.73 × 10–5 m/s2 6.73 × 10–3 m/s2
3
(a) (b) ( x2 + a2 ) 2
( x2 + a2 ) 2

(c) 6.73 × 10–2 m/s2 (d) 6.73 × 10–4 m/s2 3

1 2 2
(c) A( x 2 + a 2 ) (d) A( x + a )
2 2
P-116 Physics

28. The mass density of a planet of radius R varies with the

GM GM
æ r2 ö (a) 1.35 (b) 1.16
distance r from its centre as r(r ) = r0 çç1 - 2 ÷÷ . Then the a a
è R ø
GM GM
gravitational field is maximum at : [3 Sep. 2020 (II)] (c) 1.21 (d) 1.41
a a
(a) r = 3 R (b) r = R 33. A test particle is moving in circular orbit in the gravitational
4
K
field produced by a mass density r (r ) = . Identify the
1 5 r2
(c) r = R R (d) r =
3 9 correct relation between the radius R of the particle’s orbit
29. Consider two solid spheres of radii R1 = 1m, R2=2m and and its period T: [8 April 2019 II]
(a) T/R is a constant 2 3
(b) T /R is a constant
masses M1 and M2, respectively. The gravitational field
m1 (c) T/R2 is a constant (d) TR is a constant
due to sphere 1 and 2 are shown. The value of m is: 34. A body of mass m is moving in a circular orbit of radius R
2
[8 Jan. 2020 I] about a planet of mass M. At some instant, it splits into
two equal masses. The first mass moves in a circular orbit
4
R
Gravitational field E

of radius , and the other mass, in a circular orbit of

3 2
2 3R
2 radius . The difference between the final and initial
1 2
1 total energies is: [Online April 15, 2018]
GMm GMm GMm GMm
0 (a) - (b) + (c) - (d)
1 2 3 4 5 2R 6 R 6 R 2R
radius R 35. From a solid sphere of mass M and radius R, a spherical
2 1 1 1 portion of radius R/2 is removed, as shown in the figure.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Taking gravitational potential V = 0 at r = ¥, the potential at
3 6 2 3
the centre of the cavity thus formed is :
30. An asteroid is moving directly towards the centre of the
(G = gravitational constant) [2015]
earth. When at a distance of 10 R (R is the radius of the
earth) from the earths centre, it has a speed of 12 km/s.
Neglecting the effect of earths atmosphere, what will be
the speed of the asteroid when it hits the surface of the
earth (escape velocity from the earth is 11.2 km/ s)? Give
your answer to the nearest integer in kilometer/s _____.
[NA 8 Jan. 2020 II]
-2GM -2GM -GM -GM
31. A solid sphere of mass ‘M’ and radius ‘a’ is surrounded by (a) (b) (c) (d)
a uniform concentric spherical shell of thickness 2a and 3R R 2R R
mass 2M. The gravitational field at distance ‘3a’ from the 36. Which of the following most closely depicts the correct
centre will be: [9 April 2019 I] variation of the gravitational potential V(r) due to a large
planet of radius R and uniform mass density ? (figures
2GM GM GM 2GM are not drawn to scale) [Online April 11, 2015]
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d)
9a 9a 3a 3a 2
32. Four identical particles of mass M are located at the corners V(r)
of a square of side ‘a’. What should be their speed if each V(r)
of them revolves under the influence of others’
gravitational field in a circular orbit circumscribing the (a) r (b) O r
O
square ? [8 April 2019 I]
V(r)
r V(r) r
(c) O (d)
O
Gravitation P-117

37. The gravitational field in a region is given by

® (a)
2Gm
r
( 2 -1 ) (b)
Gm
r
g = 5N / kgiˆ + 12N / kgjˆ . The change in the gravitational
potential energy of a particle of mass 1 kg when it is taken 2Gm æ 1 ö 2Gm
1-
r çè ÷
from the origin to a point (7 m, – 3 m) is: (c) (d)
2ø r
[Online April 19, 2014]
42. Two bodies of masses m and 4 m are placed at a distance r.
(a) 71 J (b) 13 58J (c) – 71 J (d) 1 J The gravitational potential at a point on the line joining
m1 m2 them where the gravitational field is zero is: [2011]
38.
v1 v2
4Gm 6Gm 9Gm
(a) - (b) - (c) - (d) zero
r r r
d
43. This question contains Statement-1 and Statement-2. Of
Two hypothetical planets of masses m1 and m2 are at rest
the four choices given after the statements, choose the
when they are infinite distance apart. Because of the
one that best describes the two statements. [2008]
gravitational force they move towards each other along
the line joining their centres. What is their speed when Statement-1 : For a mass M kept at the centre of a cube of
their separation is ‘d’? [Online April 12, 2014] side ‘a’, the flux of gravitational field passing through its
sides 4 p GM. and
(Speed of m1 is v1 and that of m2 is v2)
(a) v1 = v2 Statement-2: If the direction of a field due to a point source
is radial and its dependence on the distance ‘r’ from the
2G 2G
(b) v1 = m 2 v 2 = m1 1
d ( m1 + m 2 ) d ( m1 + m 2 ) source is given as , its flux through a closed surface
r2
2G 2G depends only on the strength of the source enclosed by
(c) v1 = m1 v 2 = m2
d ( m1 + m 2 ) d ( m1 + m 2 ) the surface and not on the size or shape of the surface.
(a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true
2G 2G
(d) v1 = m 2 v2 = m 2 (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
m1 m2
is a correct explanation for Statement-1
39. The gravitational field, due to the 'left over part' of a uniform (c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -
sphere (from which a part as shown, has been 'removed 2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
out'), at a very far off point, P, located as shown, would be
(nearly) : [Online April 9, 2013] (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
44. A particle of mass 10 g is kept on the surface of a uniform
Removed Mass of complete sphere of mass 100 kg and radius 10 cm. Find the work to
Part sphere = M be done against the gravitational force between them to
P
R R take the particle far away from the sphere

(you may take G = 6.67× 10 -11 Nm 2 / kg 2 ) [2005]

x
(a) 3.33 × 10 -10 J (b) 13.34 × 10 -10 J
5 GM 8 GM 7 GM 6 GM
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 x2 9 x2 8 x2 7 x2 (c) 6.67 × 10 -10 J (d) 6.67 × 10 -9 J
40. The mass of a spaceship is 1000 kg. It is to be launched 45. If ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s
from the earth's surface out into free space. The value of g surface, the gain in the potential energy of an object of
and R (radius of earth) are 10 m/s2 and 6400 km respectively. mass ‘m’ raised from the surface of the earth to a height
The required energy for this work will be [2012] equal to the radius ‘R' of the earth is [2004]
11
(a) 6.4 × 10 Joules 8
(b) 6.4 × 10 Joules
1 1
(c) 6.4 × 109 Joules (d) 6.4 × 1010 Joules (a) mgR (b) mgR (c) 2 mgR (d) mgR
4 2
41. A point particle is held on the axis of a ring of mass m and
radius r at a distance r from its centre C. When released, it 46. Energy required to move a body of mass m from an orbit of
reaches C under the gravitational attraction of the ring. Its radius 2R to 3R is [2002]
speed at C will be [Online May 26, 2012] (a) GMm/12R2 (b) GMm/3R2
(c) GMm/8R (d) GMm/6R.
P-118 Physics

a circular orbit at this height is E2. The value of h for

Motion of Satellites, Escape which E1 and E2 are equal, is: [9 Jan. 2019 II]
TOPIC 5
Speed and Orbital Velocity 3
(a) 1.6 × 10 km (b) 3.2 × 103 km
3
(c) 6.4 × 10 km (d) 28 × 104 km
47. A satellite is in an elliptical orbit around a planet P. It is
observed that the velocity of the satellite when it is farthest 53. Planet A has mass M and radius R. Planet B has half the
from the planet is 6 times less than that when it is closest mass and half the radius of Planet A. If the escape velocities
to the planet. The ratio of distances between the satellite from the Planets A and B are vA and vB, respectively, then
and the planet at closest and farthest points is :
vA n
[NA 6 Sep. 2020 (I)] = .
vB 4 The value of n is : [9 Jan. 2020 II]
(a) 1 : 6 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 3 : 4
48. A body is moving in a low circular orbit about a planet of (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
mass M and radius R. The radius of the orbit can be taken 54. A satellite of mass m is launched vertically upwards
to be R itself. Then the ratio of the speed of this body in with an initial speed u from the surface of the earth.
the orbit to the escape velocity from the planet is : After it reaches height R (R = radius of the earth), it
1
(a) (b) 2 [4 Sep. 2020 (II)] m
2 ejects a rocket of mass so that subsequently the
10
(c) 1 (d) 2 satellite moves in a circular orbit. The kinetic energy of
49. A satellite is moving in a low nearly circular orbit around the rocket is (G is the gravitational constant; M is the
the earth. Its radius is roughly equal to that of the earth’s mass of the earth): [7 Jan. 2020 I]
radius Re. By firing rockets attached to it, its speed is
instantaneously increased in the direction of its motion so m æ 2 113 GM ö æ 2 119 GM ö
(a) çu + ÷ (b) 5m çè u - ÷
20 è 200 R ø 200 R ø
3
that it become times larger. Due to this the farthest
2 2
3m æ 5GM ö
2
mæ 2GM ö
distance from the centre of the earth that the satellite (c) ç u+ (d) 20 çè u - 3 R ÷ø
reaches is R. Value of R is : [3 Sep. 2020 (I)] 8 è 6 R ÷ø
(a) 4Re (b) 2.5Re (c) 3Re (d) 2Re 55. A spaceship orbits around a planet at a height of 20 km
K from its surface. Assuming that only gravitational field of
50. The mass density of a spherical galaxy varies as over the planet acts on the spaceship, what will be the number
r
a large distance 'r' from its centre. In that region, a small of complete revolutions made by the spaceship in 24 hours
star is in a circular orbit of radius R. Then the period of around the planet ? [Given : Mass of Planet = 8×10 22 kg,
revolution, T depends on R as : [2 Sep. 2020 (I)] Radius of planet = 2×10 6 m, Gravitational constant
G = 6.67×10–11Nm2/kg2] [10 April 2019 II]
1
(a) T 2 µ R (b) T 2 µ R3 (c) T2 µ (d) T µ R (a) 9 (b) 17 (c) 13 (d) 11
R3
56. A rocket has to be launched from earth in such a way that
51. A body A of mass m is moving in a circular orbit of radius it never returns. If E is the minimum energy delivered by
m the rocket launcher, what should be the minimum energy
R about a planet. Another body B of mass collides with that the launcher should have if the same rocket is to be
2
r launched from the surface of the moon? Assume that the
æ vö density of the earth and the moon are equal and that the
A with a velocity which is half çè ÷ø the instantaneous earth’s volume is 64 times the volume of the moon.
2
r
velocity v or A. The collision is completely inelastic. [8 April 2019 II]
Then, the combined body: [9 Jan. 2020 I]
E E E E
(a) continues to move in a circular orbit (a) (b) (c) (d)
64 32 4 16
(b) Escapes from the Planet’s Gravitational field
57. A satellite of mass M is in a circular orbit of radius R about
(c) Falls vertically downwards towards the planet the centre of the earth. A meteorite of the same mass, falling
(d) starts moving in an elliptical orbit around the planet towards the earth collides with the satellite completely in
52. The energy required to take a satellite to a height 'h' elastically. The speeds of the satellite and the meteorite are
above Earth surface (radius of Eareth = 6.4 × 10 3 km) is the same, Just before the collision. The subsequent motion
E1 and kinetic energy required for the satellite to be in of the combined body will be [12 Jan. 2019 I]
Gravitation P-119

(a) such that it escape to infinity 63. An astronaut of mass m is working on a satellite orbiting
(b) In an elliptical orbit the earth at a distance h from the earth's surface. The radius
of the earth is R, while its mass is M. The gravitational pull
(c) in the same circular orbit of radius R
FG on the astronaut is : [Online April 10, 2016]
(d) in a circular orbit of a different radius
(a) Zero since astronaut feels weightless
58. Two satellites, A and B, have masses m and 2m respectively.
A is in a circular orbit of radius R, and B is in a circular orbit GMm GMm
(b) < FG <
of radius 2R around the earth. The ratio of their kinetic (R + h) 2
R2
energies, TA/TB, is : [12 Jan. 2019 II]
1 GMm
(a) (b) 1 (c) FG =
2 (R + h) 2
1
(c) 2 (d) GMm
2 (d) 0 < FG <
R2
59. A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit at a height h from
the earth surface, such that h << R where R is the radius of 64. A very long (length L) cylindrical galaxy is made of
the earth. Assuming that the effect of earth’s atmosphere uniformly distributed mass and has radius R(R < < L). A
can be neglected the minimum increase in the speed star outside the galaxy is orbiting the galaxy in a plane
required so that the satellite could escape from the perpendicular to the galaxy and passing through its centre.
gravitational field of earth is: [11 Jan. 2019 I] If the time period of star is T and its distance from the
galaxy’s axis is r, then : [Online April 10, 2015]
(a) 2gR (b) gR
(a) T µ r (b) Tµ r

(c)
gR
2
(d) gR ( )
2 -1
(c) T µ r2 (d) T2 µ r3
65. What is the minimum energy required to launch a satellite
60. A satellite is moving with a constant speed v in circular of mass m from the surface of a planet of mass M and
orbit around the earth. An object of mass ‘m’ is ejected radius R in a circular orbit at an altitude of 2R? [2013]
from the satellite such that it just escapes from the
gravitational pull of the earth. At the time of ejection, 5GmM 2GmM GmM GmM
(a) (b) (c) (d)
the kinetic energy of the object is: [10 Jan. 2019 I] 6R 3R 2R 2R
(a) 2 m v 2 (b) m v 2 66. A planet in a distant solar system is 10 times more massive
than the earth and its radius is 10 times smaller. Given that
1 3 the escape velocity from the earth is 11 km s–1, the escape
(c) m v2 (d) m v2
2 2 velocity from the surface of the planet would be [2008]
61. Two stars of masses 3 × 1031 kg each, and at distance (a) 1.1 km s–1 (b) 11 km s–1
2 × 1011 m rotate in a plane about their common centre (c) 110 km s–1 (d) 0.11 km s–1
of mass O. A meteorite passes through O moving 67. Suppose the gravitational force varies inversely as the nth
perpen-dicular to the star’s rotation plane. In order to power of distance. Then the time period of a planet in circular
escape from the gravitational field of this double star, orbit of radius ‘R’ around the sun will be proportional to
the minimum speed that meteorite should have at O is:
(Take Gravitational constant G = 66 × 10–11 Nm2 kg–2) æ n -1ö
çè ÷
(a) R n
(b) 2 ø [2004]
R
[10 Jan. 2019 II]
(a) 2.4 × 10 m/s4 (b) 1.4 × 105 m/s æ n +1ö æ n- 2ö
çè ÷ø ç ÷
(c) 3.8 × 104 m/s (d) 2.8 × 105 m/s (c) R 2 (d) Rè 2 ø
62. A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit at a height 'h' from 68. The time period of an earth satellite in circular orbit is
the earth's surface (radius of earth R; h < < R). The minimum independent of [2004]
increase in its orbital velocity required, so that the satellite (a) both the mass and radius of the orbit
could escape from the earth's gravitational field, is close (b) radius of its orbit
to : (Neglect the effect of atmosphere.) [2016]
(c) the mass of the satellite
(a) gR / 2 (b) gR ( 2-1) (d) neither the mass of the satellite nor the radius of its
orbit.
(c) 2gR (d) gR
P-120 Physics

69. A satellite of mass m revolves around the earth of radius R 71. The kinetic energy needed to project a body of mass m from
at a height x from its surface. If g is the acceleration due to the earth surface (radius R) to infinity is [2002]
gravity on the surface of the earth, the orbital speed of the (a) mgR/2 (b) 2mgR (c) mgR (d) mgR/4.
satellite is [2004]
72. If suddenly the gravitational force of attraction between
Earth and a satellite revolving around it becomes zero,
gR 2 gR æ gR2 ö 1/ 2
then the satellite will [2002]
(a) (b) (c) gx (d) ç ÷
R+ x R-x è R + xø (a) continue to move in its orbit with same velocity
70. The escape velocity for a body projected vertically (b) move tangentially to the original orbit in the same
upwards from the surface of earth is 11 km/s. If the body is velocity
projected at an angle of 45°with the vertical, the escape (c) become stationary in its orbit
velocity will be [2003] (d) move towards the earth
(a) 11 2 km / s (b) 22 km/s 73. The escape velocity of a body depends upon mass as
[2002]
11
km / s
(a) m0 (b) m1 (c) m2 (d) m3
(c) 11 km/s (d)
2
Gravitation P-121

dA a + L Gm
1. (c) Areal velocity; Þ F=ò 2
(A + Bx 2 )dx
a x
dt
a+L
1 2 é A ù
dA = r dq = Gm ê - + Bx ú
2 ë x ûa
dA 1 2 dq 1 2 é æ1 1 ö ù
Þ = r = r w = Gm ê A ç -
dt 2 dt 2 è ÷ø + BL ú
ë a a + L û
Also, L = mvr = mr2w
6. (a) As we know, Gravitational force of attraction,
dA 1 L
\ = GMm
dt 2 m F=
2. (c) Let area of ellipse abcd = x R2
x x GM e m GM e M s
Area of SabcS = + (i .e., ar of abca + SacS) F1 = 2
and F2 =
2 4 r1 r22
(Area of half ellipse + Area of triangle)
2GM e m GM e M s
3x DF1 = Dr1 and DF2 = Dr2
= r13 r23
4
c
DF1 mDr1 r23 æ m ö æ r23 ö æ Dr1 ö
= 3 =ç ÷ç ÷ç ÷
DF2 r1 Ms Dr2 è Ms ø è r13 ø è Dr2 ø
d b
S Using Dr1 = Dr2 = 2 Rearth; m = 8 × 1022 kg;
Ms = 2 × 1030 kg
a r1 = 0.4 × 106 km and r2 = 150 × 106 km
3x x 3
Area of SadcS = x - = DF1 æ 8 ´ 1022 ö æ 150 ´ 106 ö
4 4 =ç ÷ç ÷ ´1 @ 2
Area of SabcS 3x / 4 = t1 DF2 è 2 ´ 1030 ø è 0.4 ´ 106 ø
=
Area of SadcS x / 4 t2
Mv 2
t1 7. (d) 2 F cos 45° + F ¢ = (From figure)
= 3 or, t = 3t R
t2 1 2
GM 2 GM 2
3. (b) Where F = and F ¢ =
4. (c) According to Kepler’s law of periods T2 µ R3 ( 2 R) 2 4R2
2 3
æ T2 ö æ R2 ö F
\ ç ÷ = çR ÷ M M
è T1 ø è 1ø F'
3 3 F
æR ö 2 é 4R ù 2 R
Þ T2 = T1 ç 2 ÷ = 5´ ê ú
è R1 ø ë R û o
= 5 × 23 = 40 hours
5. (d) Given l = (A + Bx2),
Taking small element dm of length dx at a distance x M M
from x = 0
dx 2 ´ GM 2 GM 2 Mv 2
x=0 Þ + =
2( R 2)2 4 R2 R

m dF GM 2 é 1 1 ù
so, dm = l dx Þ ê + ú = Mv 2
dm = (A + Bx2)dx R ë4 2û
Gmdm GM æ 2 + 4 ö 1 GM
dF = \ v= ç ÷= (1 + 2 2 )
x 2 R çè 4 2 ÷ø 2 R
P-122 Physics

8. (a) Volume of removed sphere 1

3
S = ut + at 2
4 æRö 4 æ 1ö 2
Vremo = p ç ÷ = pR3 ç ÷ 1
3 è2ø 3 è 8ø \ x5 M = a5 M t 2 ....(ii)
Volume of the sphere (remaining) 2
For mass M
4 3 4 3æ1ö 4 æ7ö u = 0, s = xM, t = t, a = aM
Vremain = pR - pR ç ÷ = pR 3 ç ÷
3 3 è8ø 3 è8ø 1 2
Therefore mass of sphere carved and remaining sphere \ s = ut + at
2
1 7
are at respectively M and M. 1 2
8 8 Þ xM = aM t … (iii)
2
Therefore, gravitational force between these two sphere, Dividing (ii) by (iii)
7M 1 1
GM m G 8 ´ 8 M 7 GM 2 x5 M a5 M t 2 a
1
F= = = = 2 = 5M =
r2 (3R )2 64 ´ 9 R 2 xM 1 aM 5 [From (i)]
aM t 2
2
41 GM 2
; \ 5x5M = xM ....(iv)
3600 R 2
9. (a) As two masses revolve about the common centre of From the figure it is clear that
mass O. x5M + xM = 9R ....(v)
\ Mutual gravitational attraction = centripetal force Where O is the point where the two spheres collide.
From (iv) and (v)
Gm 2 R xM
= mw 2 R + xM = 9 R
( 2R) 2
m m
5
Gm 2
O \ 6xM = 45R
Þ =w
4 R3 45
\ xM = R = 7.5R
Gm 6
Þ w=
4 R3 11. (b) According to question, gh = g d = g1
If the velocity of the two particles with respect to the centre
of gravity is v then
v = wR h = R/2

Gm Gm d
v= 3
´R =
4R 4R
(R-d)
10. (c) We know that
Force = mass × acceleration.
GM GM ( R - d )
9R gh = and g d =
æ Rö
2 R3
xM x5M çè R + ÷ø
R 2R 2
12R
GM GM ( R - d ) 4 (R - d )
The gravitational force acting on both the masses is the 2
= 3
Þ =
æ 3R ö R 9 R
same. çè ÷ø
F1 = F2 2
ma1 = ma2
Þ 4 R = 9 R - 9d Þ 5 R = 9 d
9M 5M
Þ = =5 d 5
95M M \ =
9M 1 R 9
Þ =
95M 5 12. (b) Value of g at equator, g A = g × - Rw2
Let t be the time taken for the two masses to collide and Value of g at height h above the pole,
x5M, xM be the distance travelled by the mass 5M and M
æ 2h ö
respectively. gB = g × ç1 - ÷
For mass 5M è Rø
u = 0, As object is weighed equally at the equator and poles, it
means g is same at these places.
Gravitation P-123

g A = gB -2 -2
æ h ö æ h ö
g h = g ç1 + Þ 4.9 = 9.8 ç 1 +
æ 2h ö
Þ g - Rw2 = g ç1 - ÷ è R e ÷ø è R e ÷ø
è Rø
1 æ h ö
2 gh R2 w2 = ç1 -
2 è R e ÷ø
Þ Rw = 2 Þ h = [as h <<< Re]
R 2g
13. (c) The acceleration due to gravity at a height h is given
by
h = Re ( 2 -1 )
h = 6400 × 0.414 km = 2.6 × 106 m
GM 17. (d) With rotation of earth or latitude, acceleration due to
g=
( R + h)2 gravity vary as g' = g – w2R cos2 f
Where f is latitude, there will be no change in gravity
Here, G = gravitation constant at poles as f = 90°
M = mass of earth At all other points as w increases g' will decreases
The acceleration due to gravity at depth h is hence, weight, W = mg decreases.
GM æ hö 18. (b) Variation of acceleration due to gravity, g with
g' = ç1 - ÷ distance 'd ' from centre of the earth
R2 è Rø
Gm
Given, g = g' If d < R, g = .d i.e., g µ d (straight line)
R2
GM GM æ hö Gm
\ = 2 ç1 - ÷ If d = R, gs =
( R + h)2 R è Rø R2
\ R3 = ( R + h)2 ( R - h) = ( R 2 + h2 + 2hR )( R - h) Gm 1
If d > R, g = 2 i.e., g µ
Þ R 3 = R3 + h2 R + 2hR 2 - R 2 h - h3 - 2h 2 R d d2
Þ h3 + h 2 (2 R - R ) - R 2 h = 0 19. (b) Given that, mass density æç
mass ö
of a spherical
Þ h3 + h2 R - R 2 h = 0 è volume ÷ø
Þ h 2 + hR - R 2 = 0 body r(r) =
k
r
- R ± R2 + 4(1) R2 M k
Þh= = for inside r £ R
2 V r
- R + 5R ( 5 - 1) kv
= = R M= ..... (i)
2 2 r
Inside the surface of sphere Intensity
14. (d) Weight at pole, w = mg = 196 N
Þ m = 19.6 kg GMr F
I= 3 Q I=
Weight at equator, w’ = mg’ = m(g – w2R) R m
é 2p ö
2
ù GMr mg
æ 3 ginside = or I = =g
= 19.6 ê10 – ç ÷ø ´ 6400 ´ 10 ú N 3 m
êë è 24 ´ 3600 úû R
2p ö G kv
æ = . .r = constant From eq. (i),
çèQ w = ÷ø R3 r
T
= 19.6 [10 – 0.034] = 195.33 N
Similarly, gout = GM
We mge 9 ge 9 r2
15. (d) W = mg = 4 or g = 4 Hence, option (2) is correct graph.
p p p
20. (c) We know, g' = g – w2R cos2 q
3g
GM / R 2 9 = g - w2R
or = 4
G (M / 9) / R 2p 4
Given, g ' = g
3
4
g
R w 2R =
\ Rp = 4
2
16. (a) Given g 10
w= =
Acceleration due to gravity at a height h from earth’s 4R 4 ´ 6400 ´ 103
surface is 1
= = 0.6 ´ 10 -3 rad/s
2 ´ 8 ´ 100
P-124 Physics

21. (a) Let A be the point where gravitation field of both planets
22. (a) Acceleration due to gravity at depth d from the cancel each other i.e. zero.
surface of the earth or at a distance r from the centre ‘O’ of
GM G (16 M )
4 2
=
the earth g¢ = prGr x (10a - x )2
g
3
d 1 4
Hence g ' µ r g¢ Þ = Þ 4 x = 10a - x Þ x = 2a ... (i)
x (10a - x)
R r
Using conservation of energy, we have
O r = ( R – d) GMm G (16M )m GMm G (16 M ) m
- - + KE = - -
8a 2a 2a 8a
é 1 16 1 16 ù
KE = GMm ê + - -
GM ë 8a 2a 2a 8a úû
23. (d) On earth’s surface g =
R2 é1 + 64 - 4 - 16 ù
At height above earth’s surface Þ KE = GMm ê úû
ë 8a
GM
gh = 1 2 é 45 ù 90GM
( R + h )2 Þ mv = GMm ê ú Þ v =
2 ë 8a û 8a
gn R2 3 5GM
\ =
g ( R + h)2 Þv=
2 a
2
g /9 é R ù 27. (a) Given : Gravitational field,
Þ =ê
g ë R + h úû Ax
EG = , V¥ = 0
R 1 ( x + a 2 )3/ 2
2
Þ =
R+h 3
\ h = 2R
Vx x
r r
24. (d) Value of g with altitude is, ò dV = - ò EG × d x
V¥ ¥
é 2h ù
gh = g ê1 - ú ; x
ë Rû Ax
Þ Vx - V¥ = - ò dx
Value of g at depth d below earth’s surface, ( x + a 2 )3/ 2
2
¥
é dù
gd = g ê1 - ú A A
ë Rû \ Vx = 2 2 1/ 2
-0=
Equating gh and gd, we get d = 2h (x + a ) ( x + a 2 )1/ 2
2

25. (d) Value of g on earth’s surface,

GM Gr ´ V 28. (d)
g= 2 =
R R2 r
4 dx
G ´ r ´ pR 3 x
3
Þ g=
R2
4
g = rpG. R where r ® average density
3
Mass of small element of planet of radius x and thickness dx.
æ 3g ö
r= ç æ x2 ö
è 4pGR ÷ø dm = r ´ 4px 2 dx = r0 ç1 - 2 ÷ ´ 4px 2 dx
Þ r is directly proportional to g. è R ø
Mass of the planet
26. (d)
r
æ x4 ö
M a A 2a
16M
0è
ò
M = 4pr0 çç x 2 - 2 ÷÷ dx
R ø

x (10a – x) r3 r5
Þ M = 4pr0 - 2
3 5R
10a
Gravitation P-125

Gravitational field,
GM 2 GM 2
ær Þ F = ( 2) +
GM G 3
r ö 5
a2 2a 2
E= 2
= 2
´ 4pr0 ç - 2 ÷ Y
r r è 3 5R ø
D
æ r r3 ö A
Þ E = 4pGr0 ç - 2 ÷ r
ç 3 5R ÷
è ø
O a
dE
E is maximum when =0
dr 45°
æ 1 3r 2 ö B X
dE a C
Þ = 4pGr0 ç - 2 ÷ = 0
dr ç 3 5R ÷
è ø Mv 2
= Resultant force towards centre
5 r
Þr= R
3 Mv 2 GM 2 æ 1ö
\ = 2 ç 2+ ÷
29. (b) Gravitation field at the surface æ a ö a è 2ø
çè ÷ø
Gm 2
E=
r2 GM æ 1 ö
Þ v2 = çè1 + ÷
Gm1 Gm2 a 2 2ø
\ E1 = and E2 =
r12 r22 GM æ 1 ö GM
From the diagram given in question, Þ v= ç 1+ ÷ = 1.16
a è 2 2 ø a
E1 2
= GMm r(dV )m
E2 3 (r1 = 1m, R2 = 2m given) 33. (a) F = =òa
2
r r2
2
E1 æ r2 ö æ m1 ö 2 æ 2ö æ m ö R
\ =ç ÷ ç ÷ Þ =ç ÷ ç 1÷ k 4 pr 2 dr
E2 è r1 ø è m2 ø 3 è 1 ø è m2 ø = mG ò 2
0r r2
æ m1 ö 1
Þ çè m ÷ø = 6
R
æ 1ö
2 = - 4pkGm ç ÷
è rø0
30. (16.00)
Using law of conservation of energy 4pkGm
=-
Total energy at height 10 R = total energy at earth R
GM E m 1 GM E m 1 Using Newton’s second law, we have
– + mV02 = - + mV 2
10 R 2 R 2
mv02 4pkGm
é GMm ù =
êëQ Gravitational potential energy = – r úû R R
or v0 = C (const.)
GM E æ 1 ö V02 V 2
Þ çè 1– ÷ø + = 2pR 2pR
R 10 2 2 Time period, T = v = C
0
9
Þ V 2 = V02 + gR T
5 or = = constant.
R
9
Þ V = V02 + gR » 16 km / s GMm
5 34. (c) Initial gravitational potential energy, Ei = –
2R
[Q V0 = 12 km/s given] Final gravitational potential energy,
GM G (2 M ) GM GMm / 2 GMm / 2 GMm GMm
Eg = +
31. (c) 2 2 = Ef = – – = – –
(3a ) (3a ) 3a 2 æRö æ 3R ö 2R 6R
2ç ÷ 2ç ÷
AC a 2 a è ø
2 è 2 ø
32. (b) AC = a 2 Q r== =
2 2 2 4GMm 2GMm
= – =-
Resultant force on the body 6R 3R
GM 2 ˆ GM 2 ˆ GM 2 \ Difference between initial and final energy,
B= i + 2 j+ (cos 45°iˆ + sin 45° ˆj ) GMm æ 2 1 ö GMm
a2 a (a 2)2 Ef – Ei = ç– + ÷ = –
R è 3 2ø 6R
P-126 Physics

35. (d) Due to complete solid sphere, potential at point P

By conservation of linear momentum
-GM é 2 æ R ö
2ù
Vsphere = ê3R - ç ÷ ú v1 m m
m1v1 + m2 v 2 = 0 or = - 2 Þ v2 = – 1 v1
2R 3 êë è2ø úû v2 m1 m2
Putting value of v2 in equation (1), we get
-GM æ 11R 2 ö GM
= ç ÷ = -11 2
3 ç 4 ÷ 8R æ m v ö 2Gm1m 2
2R è ø m1v12 + m 2 çç - 1 1 ÷÷ =
Solid è m 2 ø d
sphere 2 2 2
m1m 2 v1 + m1 v1 2Gm1m 2
=
m2 d
2Gm 22 2G
P v1 = = m2
d (m1 + m 2 ) d (m1 + m 2 )
Cavity
2G
Similarly v 2 = - m1
d ( m1 + m 2 )
Due to cavity part potential at point P 39. (c) Let mass of smaller sphere (which has to be removed) is m
GM
R
3 8 3GM Radius = (from figure)
Vcavity = - =- 2
2 R 8R
2 M m
So potential at the centre of cavity =
4 3 4 æ R ö3
= Vsphere - Vcavity pR pç ÷
3 3 è2ø
11GM æ 3 GM ö -GM
=- -ç- ÷= M
8R è 8 R ø R Þm=
8
GM 2 2 Mass of the left over part of the sphere
36. (c) As, V = – 3 (3R – r )
2R M 7
Graph (c) most closely depicts the correct variation of v(r). M' = M - = M
8 8
37. (
(d) Gravitational field, I = 5iˆ + 12ˆj N/kg ) Therefore gravitational field due to the left over part of the
sphere
dv
I =- GM ' 7 GM
dr = 2 =
x 8 x2
éx y ù 40. (d) The work done to launch the spaceship
v = - ê ò I x dx + ò I y dy ú ¥ ur uur ¥
êë 0 úû GMm
0 W = - ò F × dr = - ò 2 dr
r
= – éë I x .x + I y .y ùû R R
GMm
= – éë5 ( 7 - 0 ) + 12 ( -3 - 0 ) ùû W =+
R
= - éë35 + ( -36 ) ùû = 1 J / kg … (i)
The force of attraction of the earth on the spaceship, when
i.e., change in gravitational potential 1 J/kg. it was on the earth's surface
Hence change in gravitational potential energy 1 J
38. (b) We choose reference point, infinity, where total GMm
F=
energy of the system is zero. R2
So, initial energy of the system = 0 GMm GM
Þ mg = g= 2
1 1 Gm 1m 2 2 Þ R
… (ii)
Final energy = m 1 v12 + m 2 v 22 - R
2 2 d Substituting the value of g in (i) we get
From conservation of energy, gR 2m
Initial energy = Final energy W=
R
1 1 Gm 1 m 2 Þ W = mgR
\0= m 1 v12 + m 2 v 2 2 -
2 2 d Þ W = 1000 × 10 × 6400 × 103
1 1 Gm 1 m 2 = 6.4 × 1010 Joule
or m 1 v12 + m 1 v 22 = ...(1)
2 2 d
Gravitation P-127

41. (c) Let 'M' be the mass of the particle 46. (d) Gravitational potential energy of mass m in an orbit
Now, Einitial = Efinal of radius R
GMm GM m 1 GMm
i.e. +0= + MV 2 u= –
2r r 2 R
Energy required = potential energy at 3R – potential energy
1 2 GMm é 1 ù a 2R
or, 2 MV = r ê1 - ú
ë 2û -GMm æ -GMm ö
-ç
1 2 Gm é 1 ù =
3R è 2R ÷ø
Þ 2 V = r ê1 - ú
ë 2û
-GMm GMm
= +
2Gm æ 1 ö 3R 2R
or, V = ç 1- ÷
r è 2ø -2GMm + 3GMm GMm
= =
42. (c) Let P be the point where gravitational field is zero. 6R 6R
Gm 4Gm 47. (a) By angular momentum conservation
\ x 2 = (r - x )2
rmin vmax = mrmax vmin
1 2 r
Þ = Þ r – x = 2x Þ x=
x r-x 3 vmin
m P 4m
x rmin rmax
r
Gravitational potential at P, planet
V =-
Gm 4Gm
- =-
9Gm vmax
r 2r r
3 3 vmax
GM Given, vmin =
43. (b) Gravitational field, E = – 6
r2
uuur r 2 \
rmin vmin 1
= =
Flux, f = ò E g × dS =| E × 4p r |= -4p GM rmax vmax 6
where, M = mass enclosed in the closed surface 48. (a) Orbital speed of the body when it revolves very close
r 1 to the surface of planet
This relationship is valid when | E g | µ 2 .
r GM
GMm V0 = ...(i)
44. (c) Initial P.E. Ui = – R
R Here, G = gravitational constant
When the particle is far away from the sphere, the P.E. of Escape speed from the surface of planet
the system is zero.
\ Uf = 0 2GM
Ve = ...(ii)
é -GMm ù R
W = DU = U f - U i = 0 - ê
ë R úû
Dividing (i) by (ii), we have

6.67 ´10 -11 ´ 100 10 GM

W= ´ = 6.67 × 10–10 J V0 R 1
0.1 1000 = =
45. (b) On earth’s surface potential energy, Ve 2GM 2
R
GmM
U= 49. (c) 3
R hv = V
2
At a height R from the earth's surface, P.E. of system =
GmM Re
-
2R
-GmM GmM
\ DU = + ;
2R R
GmM
Þ DU =
2R Rmax
GM GM 1
Now 2 = g ; \ = gR \ DU = mgR
R R 2 Vmin.
P-128 Physics

GM GMe m GMe m
Orbital velocity, V0 = – + E1 = –
Re Re ( Re + h )
From energy conversation, æ 1 1 ö GMe m h
Þ E1 = GMe m ç – Þ E1 = ´
2 è R e R e + h ÷ø ( Re + h) Re
GMm 1 æ 3 ö GMm 1 2 Gravitational attraction
- + mç V÷ = + mVmin ...(1)
Re 2 è 2 ø Rmax 2
mv 2 GM em
From angular momentum conversation FG = mac = =
( R e + h) ( Re + h )2
3
VRe = Vmin Rmax ...(2) GM e m
2 mv 2 =
(Re + h)
Solving equation (1) and (2) we get,
Rmax = 3Re mv2 GMe m
E2 = =
50. (a) According to question, mass density of a spherical 2 2( Re + h )
E1 = E2
k
galaxy varies as .
r Clearly, h = 1 Þ h = R e = 3200km
Re 2 2
Mass, M = ò rdV
2GM A
r = R0 53. (a) Escape velocity of the planet A is VA = RA
k
ÞM = ò r
4pr 2 dr
where MA and RA be the mass and radius of the planet
0
A.
R0 According to given problem
Þ M = 4pk ò r dr M
m MA R
0
R MB = , RB = A
2 2
4pkR02 2GM A
or, M = = 2pkR2 MA
2 2G VA RA n
\ VB = 2 \ = = =1
GMm RA VB 2GM A 2 4
FG = = mw02 R (= FC ) 2 RA 2
R02
Þ n=4
4pkR 2
G æ 2p ö M M
2pKG
çQ w =
Þ 2 = w2 R Þ w = R
0 0 ÷ 54. (b) R u Þ R v
R2 R è T ø
m
2p 2p R 2pR 2pR 1 – GMm 1 2 –GMm
\T = = = Þ T2 = mu 2 + = mv +
w0 2pKG KG KG 2 R 2 2R
Q 2p, K and G are constants 1 – GMm
Þ m( v 2 – u 2 ) =
\ T 2 µ R. 2 2R
r r GM
51. (d) From law of conservation of momentum, pi = p f Þ V = V = u2 – ...(i)
R
m1u1 + m2u2 = MVf
GM m´v
æ mv ö v0 = \ vrad = = 10 v
çè mv + ÷ 2R æ mö
4 ø 5v çè ÷ø
Þ vf = = 10
3m 6
2 m
Clearly, vf < vi \ Path will be elliptical Ejecting a rocket of mass
10
52. (b) K.E. of satellite is zero at earth surface and at height
9m GM m GM
h from energy conservation \ ´ = ´ vt Þ Vt2 = 81
Usurface + E1 = Uh 10 2 R 10 2R
Gravitation P-129

Kinetic energy of rocket,

E
KE rocket =
1M 2
2 10
(
VT + Vr2 ) or E’ =
16
r
57. (b) mviˆ + mvjˆ = 2mv
1 m æ 2 GM GM ö
= ´ ´ ç (u – )100 + 81 ÷ r v v
2 10 è R R ø Þ v = ˆi + ˆj
2 2
m æ GM 81 GM ö
= ´ 100 ç u 2 – + ÷ r æ vö æ vö
2
v
2
20 è R 200 R ø Þ v= ç ÷ +ç ÷ =
è 2ø è 2ø 2
vT
1 GM
M M = ´
2 R
10 vR
2R GM
9M 58. (b) Orbital, velocity, v =
10 r
Kinetic energy of satellite A,
æ 119 GM ö
= 5m ç u 2 – ÷ 1 2
è 200 R ø TA = m A VA
2
55. (d) Time period of revolution of satellite, Kinetic energy of satellite B,
2 pr 1 2
T= TB = m BVB
v 2
GM GM
v= m´
TA R
r Þ T = GM = 1
B 2m ´
2R
r r3
\ T = 2p r = 2p 59. (d) For a satellite orbiting close to the earth, orbital
GM GM
velocity is given by
Substituting the values, we get
v0 = g(R + h) » gR
(202)3 ´ 1012 Escape velocity (ve) is
T = 2p sec
6.67 ´ 10 -11 ´ 8 ´ 1022
ve = 2g(R + h) » 2gR [Q h <<R]
T = 7812.2 s
T ; 2.17 hr Þ 11 revolutions. Dv = ve - v0 = ( 2 - 1) gR
56. (d) Escape velocity, 60. (b) At height r from center of earth, orbital velocity
2GM 2GrV
vc = = GM
R R v=
r
2GS ´ 4pR3 8 By principle of energy conservation
= = prGR 2
R 3 æ GMm ö
KE of ‘m’ + çè – ÷ =0+0
r ø
' 8 2 (Q At infinity, PE = KE = 0)
For moon, vc = prGRm
3 2
GMm æ GM ö
or KE of ‘m’ = =ç m = mv2
4 3 4 3 R r è r ÷ø
Given, pR = 64 ´ pRm or Rm = 61. (d) Let M is mass of star m is mass of meteroite
3 3 4
By energy convervation between 0 and ¥.
2
' 8 æ Rö v
\ ve = prG ç ÷ = c GMm –GMm 1
3 è 4ø 4 – + + m Vese2 = 0 + 0
r r 2
1 2
mve v2 v
E 4 ´ 6.67 ´ 10 –11 ´ 3 ´ 1031
= 2 = 'e2 = e = 16 \v=
4GM
=
E' 1 æ ve ö
mv 'e2 vc çè 4 ÷ø
r 1011
2
; 2.8 ´105 m / s
P-130 Physics

67. (c) Gravitational force, F = KR–n

62. (b) For h << R, the orbital velocity is gR
This force provides the centripetal force MRw2 to the
Escape velocity = 2gR planet at height h above earth’s surface.
\ The minimum increase in its orbital velocity \ F = KR–n = MRw2
Þ w2 = KR–(n+1)
= 2gR – gR = gR ( 2 – 1) - ( n +1)

63. (c) According to universal law of Gravitation, Þ w= KR 2

- (n +1)
GMm 2p
Gravitational force F = µR 2
(R + h)2 T
Astronaut + ( n +1)
\T µR 2
68. (c) Time period of satellite is given by
h
( R + h )3
T = 2p
GM
Where R + h = radius of orbit of satellite
R M = mass of earth.
Time period is independent of mass of satellite.
Earth 69. (d) Gravitational force provides the necessary centripetal
force.
\ Centripetal force on a satellite = Gravitational force
2GM mv 2 2GM
64. (a) F= m or, = m
Lr r Lr mv 2 GmM GM
\ = also g = 2
2 ( R + x) ( R + x) 2
R
æ 2p ö 2GMm é 2p ù
mr ç ÷ = êQv = r w and w = T ú
è øT Lr ë û mv 2 æ GM ö R 2 n!
\ = mç
Þ T µr ( R + x) è R 2 ÷ø ( R + x )2 r !( n - r ) !
65. (a) As we know,
-GMm mv 2 R2
Gravitational potential energy = \ = mg
r ( R + x) ( R + x) 2
and orbital velocity, v0 = GM / R + h 1/2
gR 2
2
æ gR 2 ö
1
Ef = mv02 -
GMm 1 GM GMm
= m -
\v = Þ v = çç ÷÷
2 3R 2 3R 3R R+ x èR+xø
GMm æ 1 ö - GMm 70. (c) ve = 2 gR
= ç - 1÷ =
3R è 2 ø 6R Clearly escape velocity does not depend on the angle at
which the body is projected.
-GMm
Ei = +K 1 2
R 71. (c) K.E = m ve
Ei = Ef 2
5GMm Here ve = escape velocity is independent of mass of the
Therefore minimum required energy, K = body
6R
66. (c) Escape velocity on earth, Escape velocity, ve = 2gR
Substituting value of ve in above equation we get
2GMe
ve = = 11 km s–1 1
Re K.E = m ´ 2 gR = mgR
2
2GM p 72. (b) Due to inertia of motion it will move tangentially to
Rp the original orbit with the same velocity.
(ve ) p Mp Re
\ = = ´ = 2GM
(ve )e 2GM e Me Rp 73. (a) Escape velocity, ve = 2 gR =
Re R
Þ ve µ m0
10M e Re Where M, R are the mass and radius of the planet
= ´ = 10
Me R e /10 respectively. Clearly, escape velocity is independent of
mass of the body
\ (ve ) p = 10 ´ (ve )e = 10 ´ 11 = 110 km / s