FINDER
FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER
Climate change, a passing cloud in
Indian politics
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of national and international importance
Mains: General Studies - 3
Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation,
environmental impact assessment.
National Action Plan on Climate Change
• The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
was launched in 2008 by the Prime Minister’s
Council on Climate Change.
• It aims at creating awareness among the
representatives of the public, different agencies
of the government, scientists, industry and the
communities on the threat posed by climate change
and the steps to counter it.
Core missions of the NAPCC include
National Solar Mission
National Mission for Enhanced
Efficiency
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
National Water Mission
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan
Ecosystem
National Mission for A Green India
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for
Climate Change
Spotlighting pre-eclampsia, ensuring
safe motherhood
enquiries@fortuneias.com | www.fortuneias.com | +91 94950 15888 | +91 81389 40888
22nd
MAY
2024
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of national and international importance
Mains: General Studies - 2
Issues relating to development and management of Social
Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human
Resources.
Pre-eclampsia
• Pre-eclampsia is a serious blood pressure condition
that develops during pregnancy.
• It typically develops after the 20th week of pregnancy.
• It can also affect other organs in the body and be
dangerous for both the mother and her developing
fetus.
Symptoms:
▶ People with preeclampsia often have high
blood pressure (hypertension) and high levels of
protein in their urine (proteinuria).
▶ Changes in vision, including temporary loss of
vision, blurred vision or light sensitivity.
• The best clinical evidence for the prevention of
preeclampsia is the use of low-dose aspirin.
Energy
• Approximately 76,000 women and 500,000 babies
die each year worldwide.
World Pre- eclampsia Day
• World Preeclampsia Day is a global healthcare
awareness event observed annually on the
22nd of May
• It intends to recognise and increase the
awareness of preeclampsia globally, culminating
in its prevention and treatment.
• This year, 2024, the World Preeclampsia
Day theme is “Predict Prevent Prevail”.
• This theme highlights a few options besides
a patient’s medical and pregnancy history to
help predict what patients may be at risk for
preeclampsia.
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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER 22-05-2024

The risks of Russia’s nuclear posturing
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of national and international importance
Mains: General Studies - 2
Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing
countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
Joint culture in the armed forces is way
forward: CDS
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Current events of national and international importance
Mains: General Studies - 3
Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

• Mutual assured destruction (MAD) is a doctrine of
military strategy and national security policy which
posits that a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by an
attacker on a nuclear-armed defender would result
in the complete annihilation of both the attacker
and the defender.
• It is based on the theory of rational deterrence,
which holds that the threat of using strong weapons
against the enemy prevents the enemy’s use of those
same weapons.
• The proponents of MAD argue that it will lead to
nuclear peace, in which the presence of nuclear
weapons decreases the risk of crisis escalation.
Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances
Integrated Theatre Commands (ITCs)
• Integrated Theatre Commands (ITCs) are a proposed
reform for the Indian Armed Forces, where all three
services - Army, Navy, and Air Force - come together
under a single commander.
• Each ITC would be responsible for a specific
geographical area and have the authority to employ
all resources at its disposal for that theatre.
• The Indian Armed Forces are currently organised
in service-specific operational and functional
commands;
🔴 The Army has six operational and one functional
command, the Air Force has five operational and
two functional commands, and the Navy has
two operational and one functional command.

• The Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances

🔴 In addition, there are two tri-service commands
– the Andaman and Nicobar Command and the
comprises three substantially identical political Strategic Forces Command.
agreements signed at the Organisation for Security
and Cooperation in Europe conference in Budapest, • Under ITCs, Assets from all three services would be
Hungary, on 5 December 1994. placed under the theatre commander as required
for executing the task. This would ensure jointness
• The document contained commitments by the United in the operational planning and greater synergy in
Kingdom, Russia and the United States to, among battle.
other things, respect the independence, sovereignty
and existing borders of Belarus, Kazakhstan and • As per the proposed plan, the theatre commanders
Ukraine in exchange for their denuclearization. will be four-star rank officers making them equivalent
in rank to the Chiefs of Army, Navy and Air Force.
• It also prohibited these countries from threatening
or using military force or economic coercion against
Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, except in self-
defence or otherwise in accordance with the Charter
of the United Nations.
• Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan all gave up their
nuclear weapons and joined the Treaty on the Non-
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) as non-
nuclear states.
• Russia breached these commitments with its
annexation of Crimea in 2014 and aggression in
eastern Ukraine and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
in 2022.

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FORTUNE IAS NEWS DAILY EXPLAINER
Delayed deadlines, escalating cost
will make bullet train project a costly
liability: Congress
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development,
Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Mains: General Studies - 3
Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
Mumbai-Ahmedabad High Speed Rail Corridor
(MAHSR)
• The Mumbai-Ahmedabad High Speed Rail Corridor
(MAHSR) is an under-construction high-speed rail
line, which will connect Mumbai in Maharastra with
Ahmedaba in Gujarat.
• When completed, it will be India’s first high-speed
rail line and high speed trains on MAHSR will
operate at a speed of 320 Km/hr covering a distance
of 508 Km and 12 Stations.
• Till January 2024, the project’s overall physical
progress stood at around 40%, with the progress
being more in Gujarat (48.3%) than in Maharashtra
(22.5%).
• The project is being implemented by the National
High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL).
SEBI issues fresh norms to verify market
rumours
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development,
Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Mains: General Studies - 3
Indian Economy and issues relating to planning,
mobilization, of resources, growth, development and
employment.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
• A statutory body under the Securities and Exchange
Board of India Act, 1992.
• Its function is to protect the interests of investors in
securities and to promote and regulate the securities
market.
• Headquarters -Mumbai
• Regional office - Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Chennai and
Delhi.
• It is a quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial body.
enquiries@fortuneias.com | www.fortuneias.com | +91 94950 15888 | +91 81389 40888
22-05-2024
X chromosome revival in older women
increases risk of autoimmune disease
Prelims: General Studies Paper - 1
General Science.
Mains: General Studies - 3
Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-
technology, bio-technology and issues
X chromosome’s influence on diseases.
• The X chromosome is an important genetic material
that has many roles including determination of sex.
• Recent studies show how the X chromosome affects
many biological processes and how it can cause
diseases.
• The human X chromosome has around 800 genes.
X chromosome’s influence on disease can be
categorized into:
▶ X-Linked Genetic Diseases: These diseases are
caused due to mutations in the genes located on
the X chromosome.
▶ E.g.; Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and
Hemophilia.
▶ Diseases Influenced by XCI Escape: X
chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a process
where one of the X chromosomes in females is
largely deactivated. However, some genes escape
this inactivation and can lead to disease if their
expression is altered.
▶ Diseases Linked to X-Chromosome Aneuploidy:
Conditions like Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter
Syndrome arise from certain X chromosomes.
KEYWORDS
• Autoimmune diseases: It occurs when the
body’s immune system attacks its own cells by
accident. There are more than 80 different kinds
(Type 1 Diabetes and Rheumatoid Arthritis).
• Net Present Value (NPV): It is a mandatory
one-time payment that a user has to make for
diverting forestland for non-forest use, under
the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
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