METTU UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES

A SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND

ETHICAL STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE BACHELOR DEGREE OF ARTS IN CIVICS AND ETHICAL
STUDIES

PREPARED BY:-HAMBISA ASHANA

ADVISOR:-Mr. ENDALKACHEW GIRMA (MA)

METTU, ETHIOPIA: 2017

METTU UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND

HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES

APPROVAL SHEET
A SENIOR ESSAY ENTITLED IS APPROVED AS IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF THE ARTS IN CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES.
Approved by Advisors and Examiners

Advisor Signature
…………………………… ……………. …………………………… ............
Examiners
1. ………………………………………… ……………. ……………………
2. ………………………… ………………………………………………

AKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all I would like to thank my God who enables me to accomplish my tasks. I would like to
give or heart full thanks to my advisor Mr Endalkachew Girma (MA). For his valuable
comments, proper advice and dedication of his time in reading and correcting this paper. I would
like to express and plate full gratitude and respect to my family, finally I would like to thanks for
Keble 02 respondents and community policing officers for their appropriate response to the
questionnaire and interview guide.
Table of Contents
AKNOWLEDGMENTS II
List of table V
ACRONYMS……………………………………………………………………………………………VII
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………….VIII
Key Words: VII
CHAPTERONE: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY1
1.1INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 STATEMENTOF THE PROBLEM 2
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 3
1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE 3
1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 3
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 3
1.4.1. GENERAL QUESTION 3
1.4.2. SPECIFIC QUESTION 3
1.5 METHODOLOGY OF THE SYUDY 3
1.5.2. RESEARCH DESIGN 4
1.5.3. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 4
1.5.4. DATA SOUR CE 4
1.5.5. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES 4
1.5.6. METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS 5
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 5
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY 5
CHAPTER TWO፡ REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6
2.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORITICAL FRAME WOR 6
2.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS 6
2.2.1 Crime 6
 2.2.2 Community policing 6
2.2.3 Crime prevention 6
2.2.4 Mechanism of crime prevention: 7
2.4 CRIME PREVENTION TROUGH SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ETHIOPIA 7
2.5 THE ROLE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY POLICING
AND CRIME PREVENTION. 8
2.5.1 PROMOTING COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE EFFICIENCY 8
2.6 VARIATION OF COMMUNITY POLICING 8
2.7 THE ADVANTAGE OF COMMUNITY POLICING FOR THE COMMUNITY 9
2.7.1 CRIME PREVENTION 9
2.7.2 PUBLIC SECURITY 9
2.7.3 PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY 9
2.8 ADVANTAGE OF COMMUNITY POLICING THE TO POLICE 9
2.8.1 POLITICAL ADVANTAGE 9
2.8.2 GRASS ROOT SUPPORT 9
2.8.3. CONSENSUS BUILDING 10
2.9 POTENTIAL OBSTACLES TO COMMUNITY POLICING 10
2.9.1 THE CULTURE OF POLICING 10
2.9.2 LIMITATION OF RESOURCE 10
2.9.3 PUBLIC EXPECTATION OF POLICE 10
2.9.4 THE INERTIA OF POLICE UNIONS 11
CHAPTER THREE: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 12
3.1 INTRODUCTION 12
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 19
4.1 CONCLUSION 19
4.2 FINDINGS 19
4.3 RECOMMENDATION 20
Appendix 23
List of table
Table 1:- Back ground of the
respondents…………………………………………………………..16
Table 2:- The most prevalent crime in study area (challenges) in Keble 02……………18
Table3:- The role of community to crime prevention
………………………………………………….19
Table 4:-The Role of community policing to prevent crime…………………………………….20
Table 5:-Potential obstacle of community policing
…………………………………………………21
ACRONYMS
CSA: Central Statistics Authority
NGO: Non Government Organization
USA: United States of America
WHO: World Health Organization

Abstract
The research focused on the role of community policing to crime prevention and control: The
case of burie town.. The purpose and the objective of the study is to investigate and analysis the
role of the community policing the participation of the communities and the role of the
community policing in crime prevention and control. The research was also conducted by using
both primary and secondary source of data .Primary data was gathered using questionnaire
through open and close ended from burie town residents and interview, While the secondary data
collected from books, journals, internet and written documents about the issues of community
policing. The data was collected from the respondents, community policing officers of the town
by applying simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques respectively. The
sampling size of the respondents was 50 which are above the age of 18 because of the researcher
assumed that they gave wise information about the issues. The major problems of community
policing in the study area lack of transparency and accountability, poor communication between
the community and the police, limited resources, lack of well-defined planning, lack of sufficient
budget, limited police inertia and poorly co-ordination of the stock holders. Due to the above
reason there were high murder, robbery, insecurity and instability.Finally, based on the findings
the researcher collected data and processed, analyzed and interpreted by using both qualitative
and quantitative methods and the result of the study identify the role of community policing to
crime prevention and control: The case of burie town.
Key Words:
Community policing, murder, robbery, crime, violence, local government and national
government.
Community policing oriented policing is strategy of policing that focuses on policy building ties
and working closely with the members of the communities.
Murder: - unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another. It is a very difficult or
un pleasant tasks or experience
The killing of a person without justification or valid excuse.
Robbery: - is the crime of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force or threat of
force by putting the victim in fear. At common law robbery is defined as taking the property of
others with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property by any means of force
or fear.

Crime: - an act committed on violation of law where the consequence of conviction by a court is
punishment, a special where the punishment a serious one such as imprisonment
Violence:-the intentional use of physical force of power threatened or actual against one self,
another person or against a group or a community, which either results in or has high likelihood
resulting injury, death psychological harmful deprivation.
Local government: - is a form of public administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as
the lowest tier of administration within a given state.
National government: - a Federal government is a federal state or a country that give significant
power to regional division
Crime prevention:- is defined as preventing, controlling or containing the social, environmental
and emendatory factors which affects people’s right to line without fear of violence, and crime
includes preventive measures that contributes to violence and tackle anti-social behavior.
 CHAPTERONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1INTRODUCTION
Community policing is the system that government go beyond law enforcement and criminal
justice to tackle the risk factor. Crime prevention is more cost effective and leads to greater
social benefits than the standard ways of responding to crime. Interestingly, multiple opinion
polls also confirm public support for investment in crime prevention (Peter, et al, 1976).
Community safety and crime prevention is defined as preventing or controlling the social,
environmental and emendatory factors which affect people’s right to live without fear of violence
and crime and which impact up on their quality of life and includes preventive measures that
contribute to violence and crime reduction and tackle antisocial behavior (Hatriott;2008,).
According to world health organization guide (2004)the opportunities of community policing
create implement and monitor a national action plan for violence prevention, enhance capacity to
collective action on Violence, define priorities for support research on the case, consequence,
coasts and prevention of violence, promote primary prevention response, increase collaboration
and exchange of information on violence prevention (Raovi, 2005, 2).

The strategic objective of community policing is creating sustainable reduction of fear of crime,
violence rejected risk factor, increased crime and violence prevention ,reductions and control
capacity of the state and its institution, enhanced collective effective of resident of priority
communities and increased participation in the –co- production of community safety (Dewiest,
2006).

The international community policing crime prevention programs, project, policies and
intervention in community safety and allocations which contribute to crime confined with the
parameters of national security and which requires a strategic and animated response that
extends beyond traditional law enforcement methods, and it is communities to mobilizing wide
range of government ,civic society and community partnership in responding to these challenges
in Africa as well Ethiopia contact (ICPC, 2010). In Oromia regional states the community
policing crime prevention programs, project, policies and intervention in community safety
contribute the law enforcement mechanisms, and its communities to organizing the local
government, civic society and community relationship to replying the challenges that contact
with Ilu Babor zone, particularly Mettu town keble 02 (Alferd; 1995; 10-36)

1.2 STATEMENTOF THE PROBLEM

In Africa, current trends of violence crime reflected deep rooted social and institutional response
problem and poorly developed community policy strategy that creates public destruct of
policy ,incidence of policy corruption and hinders investigate effects have created an easy
distance between the policy and citizens. This witnesses and a majority of serious crime remains
un solved or reported. This lack of condense, trust and lack of legitimacy of the policy force has
important implication of their effectiveness, contributing to a sense of impunity from prosecution
and exposing those most vulnerable to farther victimization (Buscaglia et al,2003).

The same is true in Ethiopia, deep rooted social and institutional response problem and lowest
developed community policing and crime prevention program trafficking, drug, murder
firearms, youth violence are directly associated with violence and crime. Because, there is poor
level of community participation, lack of implementation of community policing and local based
crime prevention program (Bumstein, 1995; 10-36).
Based on the experience and knowledge, some research conducted in many Regions of Ethiopia.
Community policing is a very narrow field of study. As a result high intra-state conflict, intra-
group conflict, drug related conflict, human trafficking, handgun, insecurity and disorder are
commonly happened (Shaw, 2006; 49).

In Oromia region, in general and Mettu town in particular community policing and crime
prevention program also lowest in matured, insufficient, and very poor community participation.
Mainly keble 02 policy and crime prevention also lowest in matured, insufficient and very poor
community participation in exchanging information to the policy. Murder is very high unsecure
and unstable problem.Therefore, the researcher isinitiated to conduct the paper to fill the gap
which is not included in the study area, the stock holders, the communities and the government
officials to hold responsibility and accountability, limited resource, poorly co-ordination between
the community and the police, unbalance ratio between the community and the police and self
seeking among the societies.
There were also different research done on community policing at local government level
address that, the community must prefer be “active community” rather than being “good
subjects” in order to make local governance to prevent and control crime on their behalf(Yonas,
2015:49). The unique future of this research from previously done research was it would study
community policing from the perspective of the crime prevention and control the role required
from the public police offices, community as the whole, family and individual would be
addressed adequately.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The study aims to address the following general and specific research objectives.

1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The general objective of this study is to assess the role of community policing in crime
prevention and control: In the case of Mettu town.

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

This research paper specifically aims:-
• To identify the hindering factors of community policing in the town.
• To examine the role of community policing in preventing crime.
• To assess the Participation of the community to prevent and control crime in their Keble.
• To identify the type of crime which are more prevalent in Mettu Keble 02.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.4.1. GENERAL QUESTION
The core question of the study is does community policing have a role in preventing crime?

1.4.2. SPECIFIC QUESTION

The research will to address the following research questions.

• What are the hindering factors of community policing in preventing crime?

• What are the role of community policing in preventing and controlling crime?
• What is the role of the community policing in preventing and controlling crime?
• What are the most prevalent crime committed in Mettu town?

1.5 METHODOLOGY OF THE SYUDY

1.5.1. STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION

Ilu Ababor zone is one of the 20 th Oromia regional state found in south western part of Ethiopia.
Mettu town is 600km far from Addis Ababa capital city of the country. It also bordered on the
east by Hurrumu woreda, on the west by Burrusa, on the north by Darimu woreda, on the south
by Gore woreda.Mettu town has latitude and longitude of 8 018'N 35035'E/8.3000N 35.5830E and
an altitude of 1605 meters. The climate condition of Mettu town is favorable for academic
location and teaching and learning process and also good for community policing to actively
prevent and control the crime in the area. According to 2007 Official Bureau census report total
population of Mettu town is 134408, from these 72476 are male and 61432 are female.
1.5.2. RESEARCH DESIGN
The aim of this study would examine the role of community policing in crime prevention and
control, for the purpose of this research, the researcher would employ both qualitative and
quantitative methods. Quantitatively, the study employ numerical data such as table, chart, graph,
etc, while qualitatively, it includes questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion that
indicates the presence and absence of phenomenon.

1.5.3. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

In order to address the basic questions of the study the researcher would collect data through
means of questionnaires, interview, and focusgroup discussion and observation techniques by
using both qualitative and quantitative approach.

1.5.4. DATA SOUR CE

The researcher would be used both primary and secondary source of data which are relevant to
the topic understanding.
The primary sources of data were collectedthrough different data collection tools, such as
interview, focus group discussion, observation and questionnaires. Secondary resourcelike
journals, written documents, internet, magazine etc those concerned with the issues of
community policing.

1.5.5. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES

The research design and sampling techniques that would apply is purposive sampling techniques.
The sample size the research will be select 50 respondents randomly from the total population
ofKeble 02 residents at the age of 18 and above in order to obtain relevant information. The data
will obtain from residents by using simple random sampling, through interview from the
community policing officers 5 peoples from the Keble 02, because, since those informants know
the behavior and the information about the community and 5 peoples from community policing
staff members also analysis the community policing. Generally 10 persons were needed to make
focus group discussion to get additional information these were the persons who were not far
from Keble.

1.5.6. METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS

So as to finalized the research work, data analysis has a great role. To do so, various methods of
data analysis would be used. Data collected from different primary and secondary sources would
recorded, edited, organized, analyzed, interpreted and presented in relation to research question.
This would be done both quantitatively and qualitatively by using descriptive statistical tools
such as tables, ….for data would collected through questionnaires, whereas description of
finding was used for data collected through interview and observation.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is served as an input to the other research and researcher. The study would give
insights with the overall roles of community policing in crime prevention and controlling and
also will contributes to prevent the fear of violence. It helps to know the role of community
policing and its implementation, by knowing the behaviour of community involvement,
information to the police. It would finally give prosperities to acquire enough knowledge who
participate in performance of the research.

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study was delimited to assess the role of community policing in crime prevention and
control in Mettu town of Keble 02.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This study organized into four chapters, chapter one discuss about introduction, background of
the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research question, methodology and
methods of data collection, significance of the study and scope of the study, chapter two deals
about review of related literature, chapter three data analysis and interpretation, finally
conclusion and recommendation.

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK: RELATEDLITERATURE REVIEW

The concept that related to the evaluation of community policingwill be considered with in
somewhat more generally applicable principles. First, the crime problems appear to have
changed little since Industrial Revolution drove the urbanization of western culture in early
1800s. Objective measures of the true prevalence of criminal activities in our cities remain as
elusive today as they were when the British parliament began debating the “Act for improving
the police in and near tin the Metropolis “in the let 1820s. similarly, modern survey of public
opinion, like 18th century accounts, still have difficult “Separating fear of crime from
disapproval of conduct deemed immoral or alarm at public disorder “. Never these descriptions
of London’s problem early in the last century would sound strikingly familiar to the residents of
American cities near the end of 20th century (William; 1996:14).
Second , organizational change police agencies has been a constant theme of academicians,
police markers, and patricians from the very begging perhaps because it is one factor among the
many complex issues facing the police over which these groups can exercise some control.
However changing police strategies are not always determined through rigorous testing
(Skolnick et al, 1993).
Every new movement in law enforcement from the establishment of the first organized police
force to the reform of the progressive era, to the community policing has been attempt with a
little supporting evidence, as the one true solution to the problem of crime in society. The
approach to tackling the spectrum of crime and violence and increasing community safety
through crime prevention, through social development, situational prevention, effective policing,
justice process and address prevention and community safety (mark’s, 2000).

2.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS

2.2.1 Crime: Crime is an act committed on violation of law where the consequence of
conviction by a court is punishment, especially where the punishment a serious one such as
imprisonment.
2.2.2 Community policing: community policing is that the government go beyond law
enforcement and criminal justice to tackle the risk factor. It is the creation of implement and
monitory national action plan for violation prevention strategy (Elision, 1993; 20).
2.2.3 Crime prevention: Crime prevention is defined as preventing, controlling or containing
the social, environmental and emendatory factors which affect people’s right to line without fear
of violence, and crime and includes preventive measures that contributes to violence and tackle
anti-social behaviour (Hatriot,2008).

2.2.4 Mechanism of crime prevention:Strong Transparent and accountable information

permit governments to function effectively to meet the need of their people and allow the
participation of communities and residents in decision making. Good governance and strong
institutions are requisite for any country to attain and maintain community safety and poverty
reduction objectives as well as monitoring. (Master, et al, 2003:1-9).

The approaches required for the effective delivery of crime and violence prevention and
community safety initiatives that meet informational standards of performance. At operations
level it includes, promoting innovation in governance that widen the circle of function within the
criminal justice, and social service delivery system and ability to respond in an integrated
manner victim service independent defense, treatment , and other. The overall mechanism to
create, strengthen, harmonize and increase relation between all social intervention programs in
the promotion of peace and security, targeting priority communities addressing issues (minister
of national security, 2008)

2.3 NATIONAL-LOCAL LEVEL GOVERNMENT CO-ORDINATION

Local government can play a pivotal role in community safety, establishing local priorities
through engagement of the community; local NGO’s and service providers, fostering multi
sectored partnership, defining action plan and coordinating the deliver and evaluation of
intervention. However, the capacities of local government and leaders for action remain limited,
and government structures weak working discussions with key actors in the minister of national
security and the local government are under way to build their capacity to manage the
implementation of the strategy (Dennis;1987).
Discussion and coordination of harmonized intervention at local community by establishing
crime communities that mandate from the electorate to have direct management, advisor and
advocacy roles in matters related to the social and economic development of the country. They
are largely consultative rather than action oriented voluntary committees will also provide an
important framework for those action plans. Risk factor and problem are solving approaches to
violence and crime issues in their areas involving both local communities, residential and
business agencies and will also acts important elements in opportunities for achieving the
consultation communication and community involvement (World Bank, 200

2.4 CRIME PREVENTION TROUGH SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN

ETHIOPIA
Targeted multi-disciplinary efforts that address the root of crime and violence will be persuade.
Social condition such as housing, family income, and educational level their deepest marks on
children and young’s. Improvements in the social condition have been shown to open up new
vistas for young people who might otherwise and up behind bars. The national crime prevention
will include a variety of evidence based programs that address key risk factors or causes of crime
and violence such as-but not limited to-early childhood development programs, effective
parenting programs, to increases secondary school and elementary school based violence
prevention programs, remedial programs and job training programs that include life skills
programs (WHO, 2002).

2.5 THE ROLE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND EFFECTIVE

COMMUNITY POLICING AND CRIME PREVENTION.
2.5.1 PROMOTING COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE EFFICIENCY
Defined as a social cohesion among neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on
behalf of the common good has been shown to be one of the most promising approaches to
prevent and reduce levels crime and violence. According to national crime prevention strategy
focuses on interventions that build mutual trust and shared willingness to intervene for the good
of the community as well as capacity building activities for community residents. This
emphasized community mobilization using the nation of community in the sense of either as
social group or a living environment (Michael, 2001; p1-17).

2.6 VARIATION OF COMMUNITY POLICING

It needs to be carefully considered, studied further in practice, and it is constrains and limitations
candidly discussed. If policy forces encourage community based crime prevention emphasize
monomer-gamey interaction with the public, increase public input into policy –making ,and
decentralize command, substantial benefits can accuracy both the community and to the policy. A
number of major themes or lessons can be extracted from recent experience with community
policing. These are set out below in sections that separately discuss benefits to the public and to
the policy. The partner model is much asks in to what we are defining as community policing. It
stresses the importance of police being in touch with citizen views and emphasis the desirability
of policy engaging with citizens and other agencies in crime prevention and detection initiatives.
In sum policing is supposed to be congruent which community priorities and inviting of public
cooperation to know about and solve most crime (Herman, 1976).

2.7 THE ADVANTAGE OF COMMUNITY POLICING FOR THE

COMMUNITY
The possible public benefit of community policing are improved crime prevention, greater public
scrutiny policing activity, greater police accountability to the community, and encouragement of
efforts to recruit women and minorities into police work (Daviah.1976).

2.7.1 CRIME PREVENTION

The most critical question than needs to be answered is whether community policing will
produce sate communities. Protection, after all, is the traditional raison defers of policy, and no
one advocating community policing wants the policy to abandon that responsibility.
Unfortunately, we cannot answer this crucial question. Although there is strong apriority reason
for thinking that community policing will be at least as past approaches, there is little hard
evidence to support the point (Sherry, et al, 1977).

2.7.2 PUBLIC SECURITY

Even when community policing is only rhetoric an opportunity is created for legitimate public
examination of police practice. If community policing minimally means greater involvement of
the public in public safety, how can police convincingly deflect public discussion of police
strategies (Gorge, 1981)

2.7.3 PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY

Community policing increases effective public accountability over the policy. There are three
primary ways which the public can constrain what the police do;
By providing or not providing, frame work of law sand money for police action.
By participating in policy-making with respect to the means of achieving desire objectives and
By examining and possibly punishing errors in performances well as respect to legal and
financial support. They are powerful politically.

2.8 ADVANTAGE OF COMMUNITY POLICING THE TO POLICE

2.8.1 POLITICAL ADVANTAGE
Community policing is a game the police cannot lose. It coproduction through community
participation leads to lower crime rates and higher arrest rates, the police can take credit as for
sighted agents of change. If community policing fail to increase public security, the police can
argue for intensification of traditional strategies. Give the current fear of crime; the public is
hardly to reduce support for policing because anew gambit does not work. (Pate, et al, 1974)

2.8.2 GRASS ROOT SUPPORT

Community policing offers a magnificent opportunities to building grass roots political support
for the policy. It embody the police in the community, giving them an opportunity to explain
themselves, associate themselves with community initiatives, and become highly visibility as
concerned defenders of public safety (Stephen, 1980: 75-86).

2.8.3. CONSENSUS BUILDING

Community policing is a means for developing a consensus between the police and the public
about the appropriate use of low and force. The police have an obligation not only to catch
criminal but also to maintain order in public places. These are sound crime prevention reasons
for this, quite a port foment or cement of standards of decency and property (Road, et al, 1984).

2.9 POTENTIAL OBSTACLES TO COMMUNITY POLICING

However positive police executives may regard community policing it is also true that
identifiable and persistent constrains impede its development. We could identify such obstacles.

2.9.1 THE CULTURE OF POLICING

How police officers learn to see the world around them and their role in it has come to be
acknowledged by all scholars of polices as indispensable key to understanding the behavior and
attitudes of police. It is common place of the now voluminous sociological literature on police
operations and desertions writers Robert Ringer that the rank and file officer is the primarily
determinations of policing were it really counts on the street ‘(1985, p.85).
Police officers are sometimes shot at and killed of course, but the first line of defense against
anticipated larger is suspicion. Since the community policing demanded agree of extroversion the
tendency towards suspicion (Jerme, 1986).

2.9.2 LIMITATION OF RESOURCE

The perception of resource limitation is a constraining factor closely related to the responsibility
to respond in several locations particularly in Ethiopia. We encountered a rhetorical acceptance
of the idea of community policing that we scarcely met in practice community policing is a good
idea ,we were told ,provided that we are given the additional man power it demands with such a
stance on the part of police executives. Community policing cannot develop without the
admissions of already sizable bureaucracy (minister of national security, 2008).There were no
clear cut answer this question what is self-evident, however, is the subjectivity of the concept of
necessary resource. Resource was the bottle neck in the study area because of there were no
enough budget that allocated by the government to the community policing so it did not address
to recruit new policy force in balancing of one police to 1000 people in rural area and one police
to 500 people in town. It is not applicable in the strategy of community policing program (Mettu
community policing center, 2008).
2.9.3 PUBLIC EXPECTATION OF POLICE
Community policing supposed to be more satisfying to the public than traditional policing and it
may be if citizens experience admonished fear of crime, a heightened sense of efficiency and
increased trust in the police. At the same time some citizen may prefer and demand more
traditional modes of policing. In part this is what they are used to! They do not want to deal with
police service officer or community service officer. They want their police to be real with
appropriate badge and qua many such citizens, and there are such is especially discontented
when they encounter female police. In addition a more insidious reason for citizen mistrust of
community policing. Citizens may come to be belief that community policing is actually
interfering with standard crime fighting capabilities this can occur if community policing is
permitted to bear the responsibility with in the police department for reductions in the patrol
force, response time and so forth such message. If permitted to take hold within the department,
will eventually its way to the general public. Thus community policing is easily maligned by
traditional police who resent charge and want to return to the old ways of preventive patrol in
two officer car. If community policing is to succeed, administrative leadership must insure that
unfair attribution the crime problem to resource constrain caused by community policing is not
allowed (Peter, et al, 1976).

2.9.4 THE INERTIA OF POLICE UNIONS

Police unions have become more powerful in the USA, Scandinavia, and Great Britain but in
Africa as well as Ethiopia the community policing implies a degree of police accountability to
citizens which is yet another hazards to police union. Finally;community policing appears
treating to police unions if it means or appears to mean that fewer police will necessarily. The
unionization of police unquestionably encourages them to claim authority over crime prevention
activities (Woolcok, 2001; p 1-7).

CHAPTER THREE

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

3.1 INTRODUCTION
In this section, the research would present, discussed and conducted in burie town. The research
would have two sections the characteristics of the respondents the data obtained from the
respondents through questionnaire that means open and close ended question,and
interview.Finally analyzed and interpreted based on qualitative and quantitative approach.
Table 1: Back ground of respondents

Respondent Frequency Percentage

Male 33 66
Sex Female 17 34
Total 50 100
Age 18-20 3 6
21-30 3o 74
31-40 18 14
41-50 2 6
Above 50 0 0
Total 50 100
Religion Orthodox 44 88
Islam 5 10
Protestant 1 2
Other 0 0
Total 50 100
Educational status Illiterate 1 2
Literate 1 2
Primary school 5 10
Secondary school 20 40
Diploma 18 36
Degree 5 10
Masters 0 0
Total 50 100
Livelihood Farmer 0 0
Merchant 10 20
Civil servant 21 42
Day Worker 7 14
Privet organization 4 8
Driver 3 6
Other 5 10

Total 50 100
Source of Keble 02: 2017
 From the above Table1, of 66%respondents and informants were males the remains 34% were
females. In terms of age 21 -30 were that means 74% of the total respondents and informants.
Therefore, the age of 21-30 population groups were active participation in different
circumstance. 6% of the sample population was found between the ages of 41-50. Finally there
were no respondents above the age of 50 years. This indicates the fact that the Majority of the
population were between the ages of 21-30 years old.

The above Table1 indicated that 88% of the respondents were orthodox the remains 12% were
Islamic and protestant. Therefore, most of the respondents were orthodox in the study area. In
terms of educational status 40% of the respondents were secondary school and 2% of population
was illiterate so that most of respondents and informants could write and read. In terms of the
lively hood 42% civil service, 20% merchant, 14% day laborer, 8% private organization, 6%
driver and 10% others respectively.

Table2: The most prevalent crime in the study area (Factors in the town)

Yes Percentage No Percentage

Frequency Frequency
1 Do you think the factors of 40 80 10 20
community policing in your
town?
2 Which types of crime the most
prevalent?
Robbery 38 76 0 0
Murder 2 4 2 4
Illegal human trafficking 2 4 3 6
Corruption 2 4 2 4
Beating 6 12 0 0
Source Keble 02. 2017

Table 2 shows 80% of the respondents and informants responded that there were high face
challenges of community policing and 20% of the respondents said no challenges of community
policing in the study area. Therefore the tables show low implementation community policy in
the study area.

The above table indicates that the respondents said that robbery was the most prevalent crime
similarly beating also the second crime in the area that means 76% robbery and 12% beating
respectively so that these the study area were instability and in secured.

Corruption and illegal human trafficking were also the negative impact of the residents mean that
corruption 4% human trafficking 6% murder 4%. In addition to the focus group discussion the
study area was highly in secured and instability. Generally the researchers concluded that the
study area is highly committed crime and low implementation of community policing.

Table3: THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY TO PREVENT CRIME

Yes Percentage No Percentage

Frequency Frequency
1 Do you active 42 84 8 16
involvement in crime
prevention in your town?
2 Do expose criminals to 37 74 13 26
the police?
3 Do you participate the 30 60 20 40
meetings about
community policing?

Source :( Keble, 02, Mettu town, community police center: 2016)

The table shows 84% of the respondents were actively participate to prevent crime and 16%
responded that did not active participate prevention and control of crime. Generally all the
community did not play a great role to prevent and supported community policing. In question
two 74% of the respondents and informants said that they exposed criminals to the police or to
the court but they remain 26% respondents the community said that they did not expose
criminals to the police. To sum up all the community did not committed to expose criminals to
the police and they had not take responsibilities to do so.

The above table3 also indicates 60% were participating in the Keble meetings and 40%
respondents said that did not participating about the community policing affairs even though
most people participated in the Keble meetings, all people could not active participate in the
meetings so that without all contribution of the community, community policing did not achieve.
And also 26% of the respondents said that once a time meeting about community policing and
26% similarly twice a month have had meetings 6% of the respondents said that no once ‘a
month took place a meetings and 4% of respondents no took place meetings in monthly.
Similarly, from focus group discussion said that the residents of the Keble did not expose
criminals to the police and the court due to their self-seeking. In addition to, the researcher
obtained from focus group discussion that the Keble residents did not participation in meetings
concerned community policing strategies, polices and regulation to achieve the goal.

Finally all the community of the Keble residents did not participate in meetings about the
community policing.

Table4: The Role of Community Policing to prevent Crime

Yes No
Frequency Percentage Frequency percentage
1 Do you think community 49 98 1 2
policing have
advantage?
2 Do think community 32 64 18 36
policing officers perform
their own task?

Source: keble02 2017

Table 4 shows 98% of respondents and Informants said that community policing was
advantageous, the remains 2% of the respond ants said that community policing did not
advantage to them Generally community policing is the most important strategies to live
peaceful and stability of the community.

Table 4 also shows 64% of the respond ants and informants said that the community policing
officer perform their tasks effectively but they remain 36% of the respondents said that the
community policing officers did not perform their tasks effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the
researcher concluded that all the community policing did not share responsibility to keep peace
and security. Because of without equal contribution could not achieve peace and security for the
community. To sum up the researcher concluded that the community policing is a good policy,
however, the community were inadequate attitude and awareness about it.

Table 5: Potential obstacle of community policing

Yes Percentage No Percentage

Frequency Frequency
1 Do you think 37 74 13 26
community policing
have factors to achieve
their goals?
Source: Keble 02, 2017

Table 5 shows, 74% of the respondents and informants said that there were different potential
obstacles of community policing in the study area and the remain 26% of the respondents
responded there were not an obstacle for the strategies of community policing. Generally the data
shows there were high potential obstacles for the strategy and program of the community
policing.

INTERVIEW GUIDED QUESTIONNAIRE FOR COMMUNITY POLICING OFFICERS

• What is the role of community policing to prevent crime in your town?

Chief inspector Ishetu Befikadu burie Town community officer said that the role of community
policing is incontestable advantage for the development of democracy. Community means
society and policy means regulation, rule, and principle. The term community policing derived
from England a person who Robert freed man. Generally community policing is a strategy that
the police and the community organized and coordinated system to ensure peace and security
among the citizen. The community policing is important strategy to build strong sense between
the community and the police. In addition the inspector said that the awareness of the community
still poorly developed to achieve this strategy. So the bottle neck problem were limited
implementation, lack of appropriate planning limited resource, the inertia police force is low
were potential obstacles.

2. Do you create awareness about the community policing for the society?

The officer said yes we have responsible to teach the community about the strategy to keep peace
and stability of the residents and we had had meeting ones a month for the society creating
awareness. Due to this reason there was behavioral change among the citizen so that the crime
would be minimize ever before. But this policy is a recent phenomenon in our country at
regional, woreda and Keble level. So that the awareness, attitude and behavioral change of the
community not well developed to address the strategy effectively and efficiently. As a result,
crime would be committed by criminals. Community policing is the most important however,
selfishness, miss communication between the communities and the police were the potential
obstacles to achieve the goal. Even though there were meetings concerned with the affairs of
community policing, the society could not attained it very well.

3. Is there sufficient police force to manage community policing?

He said that no the strategy of community policy began in our country in 2001 as a strategy or a
policy. This policy stated that one police to 1000 people for rural area and one police to 500
people in urban dweller but the strategy feel due to lack of human resource because when we
recruit a new police man to fulfill different requirements. Generally there is no enough police
force to administer the strategy.

4. Does the government allocate enough budgets to achieve this strategy?

Constable Genet shumye shiromedia community policing officer said no the community policing
budget allocated by the community rather than the government. Therefore, lace of budget is one
of the problems to address this program effectively and efficiently and the government shall be
allocated the budget and support to keep peace and security of the citizen.

CHAPTER FOUR:CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 CONCLUSION
Community policing is community oriented policing, strategy policing that focus on policy
building ties and working closely with the members of the communities. The study was focused
on the role of community policing to crime prevention and control: the case of Mettu town
specifically Keble 02. The main objective of the study was to investigate the role of community
policing and community participation to crime prevention and control in the study area. The
study was employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study used 50
sample populations. The researcher used questionnaire, focus group discussion and interview for
data collection. Community policing in Mettu town specially Keble 02 faced high problems due
to lack of appropriate planning, lack of implementation and coordination, lack of community
participation and involvement, lack of responsibility of the community staff members etc. The
members of the community did not expose criminals to the police and courts as a result; different
crimes were committed like, murder, beating, robbery corruption etc. Even though the
communities and the community policing officers have a role to prevent and control those
adverse effects but they did not take.

Prevented and controlled do this research forwarded the recommendation and from the findings
of the research it recognized that participation of local community and community policing staff
members has a crucial effects on minimization crime in the area. The measurement to take to
alleviate to prevent crime can vary in coordinated area and complexity of the extent of crime.
Since crime is one of the political, social, and economic problem so strong and effective as well
as continues participation and involvement in order to prevent and control the crime.

4.2 FINDINGS
This parts of study deal with the analysis of different issues, such as the major factors which face
community policing and its opportunities in Mettu Town Keble 02. There are many factors in
community policing. Among the factors, poorly co-ordination between community and police,
lack of implementation, lack of awareness among the community. The main objectives of this
study was to invest get the role of community policing and community participation, to crime
prevention and alleviation of criminal activates such as robbery, beating, murder, corruption and
illegal human trafficking.

4.3 RECOMMENDATION
Based on the finding of the study the researcher recommended the following possible solution
about the problem of community policing.

• The government should allocate the budget to support the participation and the involvements
of the community and the community policing staff members.
• The community should be active participation in the community policing affaires to reduce
crime to promote peace and security. The community should be the work develops criminal
reduction.

• The community policing staff members and leaders should take responsibility and
accountability in protecting communal properties, safety and rights to promote democracy
and prosperity.

• Citizens must have expose criminals to the concerned body like policeman and court.

• The local community should coordinate with community policing staffs to control crime.

• Individuals, communities, stock holders, police staffs should be organized and integrated to
prevent and control crime.

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APPENDIXES
METTU UNIVERSYTY
3rd YEAR CIVICS AND ETHICAL STUDIES
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY POLICING IN CRIME PREVENTION AND
CONTROL: THE CASE OF METTU TOWN IN KEBELE 02
QUESTIONNAIRE
DEAR RESPONDENTS
This questionnaires is prepared for Assessing the role of community policing in crime prevention
and control in a case of Mettu town Keble 02 and conduct for academic as a partial fulfillment of
Bachelor Degree of arts in Civics and Ethical Studies from Mettu University. Therefore, please
give necessary information as possible, please go patiently through each question and genuine
answer. I will sure that your response will be kept confidential. Answer the following questions
making encircle.
APPENDIX 1

Back ground information of the respondent

 • Sex: A, male B, female
•

•
• Age: 18-20 21-30
•

31-40 41-50 above50

3 Educational level: A. Illiterate B. Literate

C. Diploma D. Degree E. Master

4. Religion A. Orthodox B. Muslim C. Protestant D. Others

5. Job identification: A. Farmer B. Trader C. Employment D. Deriver

E. Others
APPENDIX 2
2.1. Is there the problem of community policing in crime prevention and control in your
Keble?
A. Yes B. No
2.2. If your answer for question number 6 is yes explain.
What?.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................
2.3. In your Keble is there the main problem that raises the factors of community policing
such as
A. Beating B. Murder C. Corruption D. Robbery E Illegal human trafficking F
Others?
2.4. If there is the main problems that held on question number 8 A the punishment that given
for the prisoners and community take the prisoners to the courts by carelessly as present and
explain the
others………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………..
APPENDIX 3
3.1. Community! You your self do you prevent the crime in your Keble?
A. Yes B. No
3.2. If your answer for question number 10 is no explain why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.3. Do you identify the criminant person to take them to the court?
A. Yes B. No
3.4. If your answer for question number 12 is no explain
why? ..................................................................................................................................................
............................
3.5. Do you participate the meeting of community policing in your keble?
A. Yes B. No
3.6. If your answer for question number 14 is no explain why?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..
3.7. How much you participate in community policing that held by the meeting at the
months and what time you participate in a year?
 A. At the month ……………. B. quarterly………………….. C. yearly ……………
3.8 .Does the community policing have a significance in crime prevention and control?
• Yes B. No it doesn’t have
3.9. If your answer for question number 17 is no explain why?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3.10. Does the community policing officer of your keble done his work in a good manner?
A. Yes work as a good manner B. Doesn’t work as a good manner
APPENDIX 4
Questionnaires for the Respondents
4.1.Do you think the problem of community policing in your Keble?
4.2. Which type of crime is the most prevalent?
4.3. Do you actively involve participating in crime prevention in your Keble?
4.4. Do you expose the criminals to the police?
4.5. Do you participate the meetings about community policing/
4.6. Do you think community policing have advantage?
4.7. Do you think community policing officers perform their own task?
4.8. Do you think community policing have challenges to achieve in your Keble?
APPENDIX 5
INTERVIEW
5.1. What is the role of community policing to control crime in your Keble?
5.2. Do create awareness about the community policing for society?
5.3. Is there sufficient police force to manage community policing?
5.4. Does the government allocate enough budget to achieve this strategy?
 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSION

Community policing staff member name Community member name

• Inspector Islet Befikadu 1.Fasika Tadesse

• Constable GetnetShumye 2.Tigst Desalegn

• SajinMulugetaAbebe 3. HenokWube

• Inspector MeseretHailu 4. Selma Gebru

• Constable AbebeWube 5. Maledu kasahun

Mettu town community policing staff members Keble 02 residents