expected to reach $5 trillion by 2025, driven by increased digitalization and

investment in research and development.

#### 4. **Trade and Globalization**

International trade remains a cornerstone of the global economy. The total value
of global trade in goods and services is estimated to be over $28 trillion. Key trade
agreements, such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-
Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA),
are designed to facilitate smoother and more equitable trade among member
nations.

#### 5. **Emerging Markets**

Emerging markets, including India, Brazil, and Indonesia, are increasingly

significant contributors to global economic growth. India’s GDP, for instance, is
expected to reach $5 trillion by 2025, making it one of the fastest-growing large
economies. These markets are characterized by rapid industrialization,
urbanization, and an expanding middle class.

#### 6. **Global Supply Chains**