FORM 2 SCIENCE

CHAPTER 1
FORM 2 SCIENCE
Chapter 1 Biodiversity

Classification of Invertebrates

INVERTEBRATES

With legs Without legs

Three pairs More than three With segmented Without segmented

of legs pairs of legs body body

Ant Centipede Earthworm Snail

Dragonfly Spider Leech Planaria

Bee Prawn Tapeworm Starfish

Classification of Vertebrates
1. Mammals
(a) Homeothermic / Poikilothermic
(b) Type of body covering: Body covered by hair or fur
(c) Type of respiratory organ: Breathe through lungs
(d) Type of fertilisation: Reproduce by internal fertilisation
(e) Method of reproduction: Give birth to their young
except for the platypus and anteater which lay eggs
(f) Special characteristic: Female mammals have mammary glands for their young to suckle
(g) Examples: Orang utan, whale, bat, dolphin, cat, anteater, tiger, giraffe, lion, elephant

2. Reptiles
(a) Homeothermic / Poikilothermic
(b) Type of body covering: Body covered in tough skin and dry scales
(c) Type of respiratory organ: Breathe through lungs
(d) Type of fertilisation: Reproduce by internal fertilisation
(e) Method of reproduction: Lay eggs
(f) Special characteristic: Most reptiles produce shelled eggs
(g) Examples: Crocodile, tortoise, turtle, snake, iguana
3. Fish
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CHAPTER 1
(a) Homeothermic / Poikilothermic
(b) Type of body covering: Body covered in slimy and hard scales
(c) Type of respiratory organ: Breathe through gills
(d) Type of fertilisation: Reproduce by external fertilisation
(e) Method of reproduction: Most fish lay eggs that do not have a hard shell
(f) Special characteristic: Have fins and tails for swimming
(g) Examples: Arowana, shark, fighting fish, stingray, goldfish, guppy, eel, clownfish, grouper

4. Birds
(a) Homeothermic / Poikilothermic
(b) Type of body covering: Body covered with feathers
(c) Type of respiratory organ: Breathe through lungs
(d) Type of fertilisation: Reproduce by internal fertilisation
(e) Method of reproduction: Produce hard shelled eggs
(f) Special characteristics: Have beak to feed and wings for flying
(h) Examples: Hornbill, eagle, pigeon, crow, sparrow, ostrich, penguin, duck, chicken, kingfisher

5. Amphibians
(a) Homeothermic / Poikilothermic
(b) Type of body covering: Body covered with moist and smooth skin
(c) Type of respiratory organ: Breathe through gills when young
Breathe through lungs and moist skin when adult
(d) Type of fertilisation: Reproduce by external fertilisation
(e) Method of reproduction: Produce jelly-like eggs that do not have shell
(f) Special characteristics: Can live on land or in water
Examples: Frog, toad, newt, salamander

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