FLUID MECHANICS | LECTURE PROBLEMS

1. Assume 8 ft3 of air at 100 psi and 100°F are 13. In which fluid will a pressure of 700 kPa first be
compressed isothermally to a volume of 2 ft3. For each achieved?
end state of the process, find the bulk modulus.
2. A 4.9 cubic feet of water are compressed to 5000 psig.
What is the volume decrease if the temperature is
60°F? Assume the average bulk modulus of elasticity
of 311,000 psi.
3. The viscosity of water at 70°C is 0.00402 poise and its
specific gravity is 0.978, determine its absolute
viscosity in Pa-s and its kinematic viscosity in 𝑚2 /𝑠
and stokes? 14. The container is slowly moved vertically downward
−5 𝑙𝑏𝑓 −𝑠𝑒𝑐 until the pressure in the container is 105 kPa. What will
4. A liquid of viscosity 5.2x10 is flowing in a
𝑓𝑡 2
be the height of the air space in the container (i.e., the
rectangular duct. The equation of the symmetrical vertical distance between the closer upper end and the
velocity (in ft/sec) is approximately 𝑉 = 0.3𝑦 0.7 ft/sec water surface in the container)?
where y is in inches. Compute the velocity gradient at 15. Find the pressure in the tank from the manometer
y, 3 inches from the wall, and the shear stress of the readings shown in the illustration.
fluid at that point.
5. The film width in a surface experiment is 10cm. If
mercury is the fluid(surface tension = 0.52 N/m), what
is the maximum force that can be applied without
breaking the membrane? Neglect gravitational force.
6. The surface tension of water in air is approximately
𝑙𝑏𝑓
0.00518 . If the atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia,
𝑓𝑡
what is the pressure inside a droplet 0.01’’ in
diameter? 16. Oil with specific gravity of 0.72 is used as the
7. At a particular temperature, the surface tension of indicating fluid in manometer. If the differential
water is 0.073 N/m. Under ideal conditions, the pressure across the ends of the manometer is 7 kPa,
contact angle between glass and water is zero. A what will be the difference in oil levels in the
student in a laboratory observes water in a glass manometer?
capillary tube with a diameter of 0.10mm. What is the
theoretical height of the capillary rise?
8. A hydraulic press is used to raise an 80 kN cargo truck.
If oil of specific gravity 0.82 acts on the piston under
pressure of 10 MPa. What is the diameter of piston
required? A. 0.23 m C. 0.53 m
9. What is the pressure at point A in the tank if h = 2 feet? B. 0.44 m D. 1.0 m
(g = 32.2 ft/sec2 and ρ = 1.94 slug/ft3) 17. The specific gravity of mercury 13.6 and the specific
gravity of glycerine is 1.26. For the manometer shown,
calculate the difference in pressure between point A
and B.

A. 75 lbf/ft2 C. 100 lbf/ft2

2
B. 85 lbf/ft D. 125 lbf/ft2
10. A glass filled with a fluid is inverted. The bottom is
open. What is the pressure at the closed end at point
A? 18. If atmospheric air 14.7 psia and 60 °F at sea level, what
11. A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft is the pressure at 12,000 ft altitude if air is
of 68°F (20°C) water. The vapor pressure at this incompressible. Note@ 60°F; the density of air is
temperature is 0.34 psi (2.34 kPa). The pump is 0.0763 lbm/ft3, P1 = 14.7 psia.
incapable of lifting the water higher than 400 inches A. 8.32 psia C. 9.53 psia
(10.16 m). Compute the atmospheric pressure. B. 14.70 psia D. 10.43 psia
A. 14.00 kPa C. 14.78 psi 19. If atmospheric air 14.7 psia and 60°F at sea level, what
B. 14.78 kPa D. 4.78 psi is the pressure at 12,000 ft altitude if air is
12. A vessel is initially connected to a reservoir open to compressible. Note@ 60°F; the density of air is 0.0763
atmosphere. The connecting valve is then closed, and lbm/ft3, P1 = 14.7 psia.
the vacuum of 65.5 kPa is applied to the vessel. What A. 8.37 psia C. 9.53 psia
is the absolute pressure in the vessel? Assume standard B. 14.70 psia D. 10.43 psia
atmospheric pressure.
 FLUID MECHANICS | LECTURE PROBLEMS
20. A solid material in a cube shape floats in oil of density 32. Determine the hydraulic radius of the equilateral
800 kg/m3 with one third of the block out of the soil. triangular tank shown below:
What is the buoyant force on the cube whose edge is
0.75 m.
A. 225 kgf C. 143.3 kgf
B. 203 kgf D. 324.4 kgf
21. An iceberg having specific gravity of 0.92 is floating
on salt water of specific gravity of 1.03. If the volume
of ice above the water surface is 1000𝑚3 , what is the
33. Consider the water flowing through converging channel
total volume of the ice?
as shown and discharging freely to the atmosphere at the
22. A substance having a mass of 2 kg is submerged fully
exit. What is the gage pressure at the inlet? Assume the
across the ocean deep. The resulting weight of the flow to be incompressible and neglect any frictional
substance underwater is 0.015 kN. Determine the effects.
density of substance in kilograms per cubic meter.
Assume specific gravity of seawater at 1.03.
A. 4425 C. 4374
B. 3612 D. 1240
23. A circular window with a radius of 0.25 meter has its
center three meters below the water’s surface. Find the
force acting on the window. The window is vertical. 34. The potential flow velocity distribution of atmospheric
24. Water is held in a tank by the sluice gate shown in this air around a cylinder is 2Vsin ∞sin θ. The free stream
figure. What force per unit width of the dam must the velocity is 30 m/s. The air density is approximately 1.202
latch supply to keep the gate closed? kg/m3. What is the most nearly the pressure at point A?

1
35. Given the following venturi meter and the two-pressure
25. A vertical rectangular gate 1.5 m wide and 3 m high is shown, Calculate the mass flow rate of water in the
submerged in water with its top edge 2 m below the circular pipe.
water surface, find the total pressure acting on one side
of the gate and its location from the bottom.
26. A vertical sliding gate 20 ft wide and 30 ft high is
submerged in 40ft of water, has coefficient of friction
between its guides and edges of 0.20 and weighs 6
short tons. What is the vertical force required to just
lift this gate?
27. The mean velocity of 40 °C water in a 44.7 mm (inside 36. A Pitot-tube is used to measure the flow of
diameter) tube is 1.5 m/s. The kinematic viscosity is incompressible fluid (ρ = 926 kg/m3). If the velocity is
6.58 x 10-7 m2/s. What is the Reynolds number? measure as 2 m/s and the stagnation pressure is 14.1 kPa,
28. A fluid with a kinematic viscosity of 2.5 x 10-5 ft2/sec what is the static pressure of fluid where the measurement
is flowing at 0.1 ft/sec from the orifice 3” in diameter. is taken?
How can the fluid be described? 37. Water at 20 °C is flowing in a pipe of radius 1.0 cm. The
29. Oil has a specific gravity of 0.80 flows in a 200 mm viscosity of water at 20°C is 1.005 centipoise. If the flow
diameter pipe. Find the critical velocity if μ = 8.14 x speed at the center is 0.200 m/s and the flow is laminar,
10-2 Pa-s. find the pressure drop due to viscosity along a 5 m section
pipe. Use Hagen-Poiseuille Equation.
A. 1.0175 m/s C. 1.056 m/s
A. 80.4 Pa C. 13.45 Pa
B. 1.0542 m/s D. 3.208 m/s
B. 12.5 Pa D. 45.77 Pa
30. Engr. Son Goku needs to deliver 150 ft3/min of water in
38. A square concrete conduit having a side of 0.788m carries
a round pipe in such a way that the floe in the pipe
at a rate of 4 m3/s. Using Hazen William formula with C
remains laminar. If the critical Reynolds number is 2000,
= 120, compute the head loss if the length of the conduit
what is the diameter of pipe necessary to ensure laminar
is 45m.
flow? (Note: Kinematic Viscosity is 4.75 x 10-5 ft2/s).
A. 2.8 m C. 1.3 m
Assume that the flow in the pipe will be uniform.
B. 1.8 m D. 2.1 m
31. What is the hydraulic radius of the semicircular channel 3
39. Water flows at 0.2m /s through a 300mm diameter, 120m
shown?
long pipe under a pressure difference of 280mm Hg.
Compute the friction factor.
A. 0.023 C. 0.0154
B. 0.0435 D. 0.0876
 FLUID MECHANICS | LECTURE PROBLEMS
40. A cast iron pipe of equilateral triangular cross section 50. What is the discharge capacity of a concrete pipe culvert
with side length of 20.75" has water flowing through it. 4 ft in diameter and 10 m long if the difference in water
The flow rate is 6000 gallons per minute, and the friction level at the outlet is 1.52 m. Assume coefficient of
factor for the pipe is f = 0.017. What is the pressure drop discharge of 0.74.
in a 100-foot section? A. 4.72 cu. m/s C. 3.70 cu. m/s
A. 24.3 lbf/ft 2 C. 178.5 lbf/ft 2 B. 4.32 cu. m/s D. 5.51 cu m/s
2 2
B. 48.7 lbf/ft D. 536.4 lbf/ft 51. What is the velocity of sound in 150 °F water if its density
41. A Pelton type turbine has a gross head of 40 m and a is 61.2 lbm/ft3 and the bulk modulus of elasticity is
friction head loss 6 m. What is the penstock diameter if 328,000 psi?
the penstock length is 90 m and the coefficient of friction A. 4,985.06 ft/s C. 32,154.07 ft/s
head loss is 0.001 (Morse)? B. 5,423.06 ft/s D. 43,521.08 ft/s
A. 2040 mm C. 2440 mm 52. What is the velocity of sound in 150 degF air at a standard
B. 3120 mm D. 2320 mm pressure? Note: density of air @150 degF is 0.064
42. Find the loss of head in the pipe entrance if speed of flow lbm/ft3.
is 10 m/s. A. 1211 ft/sec C. 2549 ft/sec
A. 5.10 m C. 17.4 m B. 3254 ft/sec D. 1845 ft/sec
B. 10.2 m D. 2.55 m 53. A jet aircraft is flying at a speed of 1700 km/hr. The air
43. A strainer has a coefficient Cv rating of 60. It is to be used temperature is 20 °C. The molecular weight of air is 29
in a system to filter 50 gpm of water. What pressure loss gm/mol. What is the Mach number of the aircraft?
expressed in feet of water can be expected? 54. Air flow past a 2” diameter sphere at 100ft/sec. What is
A. 1.6 C. 3.25 the drag force experience by the sphere given that it has
B. 2.31 D. 0.85 a coefficient of drag 0.5 and that the density of the air is
44. Find the equivalent length of 167mm diameter pipe, 0.00234 slug/ft3?
f=0.024 for a reentrant pipe entrance with k=1. 55. A circular cylinder 4m long and 3m in diameter is in an
A. 6.958 m C. 6.807 m air stream. The flow velocity is 5m/s perpendicular to the
B. 7.394 m D. 7.102 m axis of the cylinder. Given that the coefficient to drag CD,
45. A 50 mm horizontal jet of water with a discharge of on the cylinder is 1.3, and the density of air is 1.225
3
0.054m /s strikes a vertical wall at 900 to the wall. What kg/m3, what is the force on the cylinder?
is the force exerted on the wall? 56. A 65 mm radius cylinder shown below rotates at 3600
A. 1.49 kN C. 1.39 kN revolutions per minute. Air is flowing past the cylinder
B. 2.19 kN D. 1.19 kN at 30 m/s. How much is the lift on the cylinder per unit
46. A vertical jet of water supports a load of 200 N at a length? The density of air is 1.225 kg/m3.
constant vertical height of 2 m from the tip of the nozzle. 57. In the real now of air (𝜌 = 1.225 kg/m3) around a
The diameter of the jet is 25 mm. Find the velocity of the cylinder, the circulation is calculated to be 3.97 m2/s.
jet at the nozzle tip. If the free stream, velocity is 30 m/s, what is the lift
A. 28.32 m/s C. 21.13 m/s generated per meter length of the cylinder?
B. 23.28 m/s D. 22.82 m/s
A. 150 N/m C. 170 N/m
47. A uniform are jet travels to 600 ft/sec and a 100 ft3/sec.
B. 160 N/m D. 20 N/m
What is the horizontal force acts on the water jet if it
58. A cylindrical 1 ft diameter, 4ft high tank contains 3ft of
undergoes a 180° turn?
water. What rotational speed is required to spin water out
A. 2.32 x 105 lbf C. 5.32 x 105 lbf
the top?
B. 1.35 x 105 lbf D. 3.45 x 105 lbf
59. An open vessel 30 cm in diameter and 90 cm high is
48. Water is flowing at 50m/s through a 15 cm diameter pipe.
The pipe makes a 90 degree turn. What is the reaction on filled with water to a depth of 45 cm. Find the
the water in the z-direction at the bend? magnitude of the velocity in rad/s such that the vortex
is just at the bottom.
A. 21.01 C. 12.22
B. 28.01 D. 34.2

49. What is the actual volumetric flow rate for the discharge
of the tank shown? The coefficient of contraction for the
orifice is 0.61, and the coefficient of velocity is 0.98.

A. 6.92 ft3/s C. 11.34 ft3/s

B. 6.78 ft3/s D. 9.79 ft3/s