THERMODYNAMICS 2 | LECTURE PROBLEMS
1. A piston-cylinder system contains a gas which
expands under a constant pressure of 1200 l𝑏𝑓 /𝑓𝑡 2. If
the piston is displaced 12’’ during the process, and the
piston diameter is 24’’, what is the work done by the
gas on the piston in ft-lbf?
2. Ammonia weighing 22kg is confined inside a cylinder
equipped with a piston has an initial pressure of 413
kPa at 38°C. If 2900 kJ of heat is added to the ammonia
until its pressure and temperature are 413 kPa and
100°C respectively. What is the amount of work done
by the fluid in kJ?
3. 3. Determine the change in enthalpy in BTU per lbm
of nitrogen gas as its temperature changes from 500 °F
to 200 °F.
4. Calculate the change in enthalpy in kJ/kg as 1 kg of
nitrogen is heated from 1000K to 1500K, assuming the
nitrogen is an ideal gas at a constant pressure. The
temperature dependent specific heat of nitrogen is Cp
−1.5 −2 −3
= 39.06 – 512.79 𝑇 + 1072𝑇 − 820.4𝑇
where cp is in kJ/kmol and T is in K.
5. A closed gaseous system undergoes a reversible
process during which 25 BTU are rejected, the volume
3 3
changing from 5𝑓𝑡 to 2𝑓𝑡 and the pressure remains
constant at 50 psia. Find the change of internal energy
in BTU.
6. An amount 1.63lb of gas is contained in a tank, the
volume of which is 2𝑓𝑡 3 . If the internal energy is
decreases by 27.4 BTU as temperature changes from
200 deg F to 100 deg F, compute the specific heat at
constant volume conditions in BTU/lbm-°R.
7. Two lb of air at 50 psia and occupying 10 cu. ft.
undergo a process at constant volume until the
temperature has risen 500 deg R. Calculate the initial
and final pressures and temperatures, the heat added,
and the heat gain of internal energy and enthalpy.
8. In the p-V diagram shown, that addition occurs
between points 1 and 2. Given that cv = 0. 336 Btu
/lbm-°R, what is the entropy produced during this
step?
p BTU/lbm - °R. What is the work done by the gas in
2 461 psia, 2762 °R
1 181 psia, 1081 °R
v psia to 180.6 psia. If the initial temperature is 68°F and
A. -0.167 Btu/lbm - °R C. 0.234 Btu/lbm - °R
B. 0 Btu/lbm - °R D. 0.315 Btu/lbm - °R
9. A rigid tank contains air at 500kPa and 150 deg C. As
a result of heat transfer to the surroundings, the
temperature and pressure inside the tank drop to 65 deg
C and 400 kPa respectively. Determine the boundary
work done during the process.
10. There are 1.36kg of gas for which R = 377 J/kg-K and
k = 1.25 that undergo a nonflow constant volume
process from 551.6 kPa and 60 deg C to 1655 kPa.
During the process, the gas is internally stirred and
there are also added 105.5 kJ of heat. Determine the
change of entropy in kJ/K.
11. A 1-hp stirring motor is applied to a tank containing
22.7kg of water. The stirring action is applied for 1
hour and the tank loses 850 kJ/h of heat. Calculate the
rise in temperature in degree Celsius of the tank after
1 hour, assuming that the process occurs at constant
volume.
12. A group of 50 persons attend a secret meeting in
completely rigid room which is 12m wide by 10m long
and a ceiling height of 3m. Each person gives off
150kCal per hour of heat and occupies a volume of
0.20𝑚3 . The room has an initial pressure of 101.3 kPa
and temperature of 16°C. Calculate the room
temperature in degree Celsius after 10 minutes. Use R
= 0.287 kJ/kg-K and Cv = 0.171 kCal/kg-K.
13. Determine the theoretical horsepower required for the
isothermal compression of 800 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛 of air from
14.7 to 120 psia.
14. Helium (R = 0.4968 BTU/lbm -°R) is compressed
isothermally from 14.7 psia and 68°F. The compressed
ratio is 4. Calculate the work done by the gas in
BTU/lbm.
15. A piston cylinder device initially contains 0.4𝑚3 of air
at 100kPa and 80 deg C. The air is now compressed to
0.1 𝑚3 in such a way that the temperature inside the
cylinder remains constant. Determine the work done
during the process in kJ.
16. Air flows steadily through an engine at constant
temperature of 400K. Find the work in kJ per kg if the
exit pressure is one – third of the inlet pressure and the
inlet pressure is 207 kPa.
17. Work done by a substance in reversible non flow
manner in accordance with V = 100/P in (𝑓𝑡 3 ), where
P is in psia. Evaluate the work done on or by the
substance in lbf-ft as the pressure increases from 10
psia to 100 psia.
18. Nitrogen is expanded isentropically. Its temperature
change from 620°F to 60°F. Find the pressure ratio
(𝑃1 /𝑃2 )
19. Nitrogen is expanded isentropically. Its temperature
changes from 620°F to 60°F. The volumetric ratio is
𝑉2 /𝑉1 = 6.22 and the value of R for nitrogen is 0.07087
BTU/lbm?
20. How much work in kJ is necessary to compress air in
an insulated cylinder from 0.20 𝑚3 to 0.01𝑚3 . Use
𝑡1 = 20°𝐶 and 𝑃1 = 100𝑘𝑃𝑎
21. Air undergoes an isentropic compression from 14.7
the final temperature is 621.5°F, Calculate the work
done by the gas in BTU/lbm.
22. Air having an initial pressure of 6,516 kPa and an
initial volume of 0.113 𝑚3 is compressed
adiabatically to a final volume of 0.057𝑚3 . Calculate
the pressure at the end of compression in kPa.
23. During an isentropic non-flow process with air, the
pressure drops from 60 psia to 20 psia. The air has
mass of 0.10 lb and the initial temperature was 280°F.
Find:
A. Final temperature, °F
B. The heat transferred, BTU
C. The change of internal energy, BTU
D. The work done, BTU
 THERMODYNAMICS 2 | LECTURE PROBLEMS
24. Determine the value of n in the process P 𝑉 𝑛 =
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 if this process has the following end states:
100 psia, 1 cu. ft; 20 psia; 6 cu ft.
25. Find the work in ft-lbs of a polytropic (n = 1.21)
𝑐
compression of air ( 𝑐𝑝 = 1.40) in a system with
𝑣
moving boundary from 𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎, 𝑉1 =
1𝑓𝑡 3 𝑡𝑜 𝑃2 = 150 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎, 𝑉2 = 0.15𝑓𝑡 3 .
26. Three cu. Ft. of air is compressed slowly in a cylinder
from 15psia to 100 psia. The initial temperature is 71
deg F; n = 1.2. Calculate the final temperature in
Rankine, heat added in BTU and work done in BTU.
27. A gas at 1 atmosphere pressure originally occupies a
volume of 20 𝑓𝑡 3 . The gas is polytropically
compressed with n = 1.15 until the pressure is 48.51
psia. What work is required for this compression in ft-
lb?
28. One pound of air (considered here a perfect gas) with
an initial temperature of 200F is allowed to expand
without flow between pressures of 90 and 15 psia.
Which of the three processes, pv=C, p 𝑣 𝑘 =
𝐶, 𝑝𝑣1.5 = 𝑐 will produce the maximum work with
minimum heat supplied?
A. pv=C C. 𝑝𝑣1.5=𝑐
B. p𝑣^𝑘=𝐶 D. None of the above
29. Air is compressed in a cylinder during non-flow
reversible polytropic process from an initial
temperature and pressure of 80°F and 15 psia to a final
temperature and pressure of 285°F and 75 psia. The
cylinder contains 0.01 lb of air and the area of the
piston is 0.20 sq. ft. Find :
A. The value of the polytopic exponent n
B. The work done in ft-lbf
C. The change of internal energy, BTU
D. The distance the piston moves during the process,
inches
30. An adiabatic tank containing air is used to power an
air turbine during the times of peak power demand.
The tank has a volume of 500 cu m and contains air at
a pressure of 1000 kPa and a temperature of 500 deg
K. What is the temperature at this instant?
A. -14.03 deg C C. 14.03 deg F
B. 14.03 deg R D. 14.03 deg K
31. An adiabatic tank contains air which is used to power
an air turbine during the times of peak power demand.
Find the mass remaining when the pressure reaches
100 kPa, if the tank has a volume of 500 cu m and
contains air at a pressure of 1000 kPa and a
temperature of 500 deg K respectively.
A. 762.73 kg C. 427.37 kg
B. 672.73 kg D. 576.37 kg
32. How much power is required if a turbine receives 150
lbm/sec of air at 63 psia and 2450 deg R and expands
it polytropically to 14.7 psia. The exponent n=1.45 for
the process?
A. 53,343.16 ft-lb/sec C. 52,343.16 BTU/sec
B. 53,343.16 HP D. 53,343.16 kW