Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions

Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Intext Questions
Text Book Part I Page No. 18

Question 1.
You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled
water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution,
respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the
contents of each test tube?
Answer:

We can identify the contents of each test tube, with the help of red litmus paper.
Consider the following observations:

1. If there is little change in the colour of red litmus (such as purple), then it is
distilled water.
2. If the colour of red litmus remains the same, then it is acid.
3. If the colour of red litmus becomes blue, then it is base.

Text Book Part I Page No. 22

Question 1.
Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
Answer:
Curd and sour substances contain acid. If we keep curd and sour substances in
brass and copper vessel, Nitrogen gas and other harmful products are formed
which spoil the food.

Question 2.
Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an
example. How will you test for the presence of this gas?
Answer:
Hydrogen gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal. Let us
illustrate it with the following examples:

1. Add some pieces of zinc granules into 5ml of a dilute solution of sulphuric
acid (H2SO4).
2. Shake it well.
3. Pass the produced gas into a soap solution.
4. Now, soap bubbles are formed in the soap solution and these soap
bubbles contain hydrogen.
5. Bring a burning candle near a gas-filled bubble. A candle burns with a pop
sound. So, the following reaction takes place:
H2SO4(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2↑

Question 3.
Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence.
The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical
equation for the reaction if one of the compounds formed is calcium chloride.
Answer:

Reaction of zinc granules with dilute sulphuric acid and testing hydrogen Acids
Bases and Salts.

Take about 5 ml of dilute sulphuric acid in a test tube and add a few pieces of
zinc granutes to it. Pass the gas being evolved through the soap solution.
Bubbles are formed in the soap solution, because in soap solution there is
hydrogen gas.
H2SO4 + Zn ➝ ZnSO4 + H2↑

If we take a burning candle near a gas filled bubble, it burns with a pop sound.
Text Book Part I Page No. 25

Question 1.
Why do HCl, HNO 3, etc., show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while
solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character?
Answer:
Hydrogen ions in HCl and HNO3 are produced in the presence of water.
Hydrogen ions cannot exist alone, but they exist after combining with water
molecules. Thus hydrogen ions must always be shown as (aq) or hydronium ion
(H3O+)
The reaction is
HCl(aq) ➝ H+ + Cl–
H+ + H2O ➝ H3O+
Alcohol and glucose even though they contain Hydrogen they do not show acidic
character like HCl and HNO3.

Question 2.
Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity?
Answer:
Due to the presence of hydrogen (H+) or hydronium (H3O+) ions, an aqueous
solution of an acid conducts electricity.

Question 3.
Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?
Answer:
Hydrogen ions change the colour of litmus. In dry HCl, there are no H + ions. Ions
are formed in aqueous solution. Both HCl and litmus are dry. Hence there is no
change in dry HCL and dry litmus paper.

Question 4.
While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to
water and not water to the acid?
Answer:
It is recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the
acid while diluting an acid because the process is exothermic and lots of heat is
generated which may cause the mixture to splash out or cause burns.
Question 5.
How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) affected when a solution of an
acid is diluted?
Answer.
When a solution of an acid is diluted, the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+)
per unit volume decreases which also decreases the strength of the acid. The
dilution increases the volume of the solution but the concentration of ions
remain the same.

Question 6.
How is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) affected when excess base is
dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide?
Answer:
The concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) would increase when excess base is
dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide.
NaOH ⇌H2O Na+ + OH–
Being a strong base, hydroxide ions are formed on complete dissolution.

Text Book Part I Page No. 28

Question 1.
You have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is
8. Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic
and which one is basic?
Answer:
If the pH value is less than 7, it represents an acidic solution.
If the pH value is more than 7, it represents a base.
It the pH – 6 is acidic it has more concentration of ions than pH-8 which is a base.

Question 2.
What effect does the concentration of H+(aq) ions have on the nature of the
solution?
Answer:
Acids contain more concentration of H+ ions. If the concentration is less solution
is base.

Question 3.
Do basic solutions also have H+(aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?
Answer:
Yes, the basic solution also has H+ ions. However, their concentration is less as
compared to the concentration of OH– ions that makes the solution basic.

Question 4.
Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields
with quick lime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) or chalk
(calcium carbonate)?
Answer:
If the soil has more acid it is not suitable for agriculture. To increase fertility
former should add burnt lime stone or chalk powder.

Text Book Part I Page No. 33

Question 1.
What is the common name of the compound CaOCl 2?
Answer:
Common name of the CaOCl 2 is Bleaching powder.

Question 2.
Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder.
Answer:
When chlorine reacts with Ca(OH) 2, bleaching powder is formed.

Question 3.
Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
Answer:
Na2CO3, 10 H2O is the compound of sodium to soften hard water.

Question 4.
What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate is heated? Give the
equation of the reaction involved.
Answer:
When sodium hydrocarbonate is heated we get sodium carbonate, water and
carbon dioxide gas.

Question 5.
Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster of Paris and water.
Answer:
An equation to show the reaction between plaster of paris and water is

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Textbook Exercises

Question 1.
A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be
a) 1
b) 4
c) 5
d) 10
Answer:
d) 10.
Bases turn red litmus to blue. pH value of 7 is greater than 7. Hence this solution
changes red litmus to blue.

Question 2.
A solution reacts with crushed egg-shells to give a gas that turns lime-water
milky. The solution contains
a) NaCl
b) HCl
c) LiCl
d) KCl
Answer:
b) the solution contains HCl.

Question 3.
10 mL of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 mL of a
given solution of HCl. If we take 20 mL of the same solution of NaOH, the
amount HCl solution (the same solution as before) required to neutralise it will be
a) 4 mL
b) 8 mL
c) 12 mL
d) 16 mL
Answer:
d) 16 mL HCl solution is required.

Question 4.
Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion?
a) Antibiotic
b) Anagesic
c) Antacid
d) Antiseptic
Answer:
c) Antacid is used to treat indigestion.

Question 5.
Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place
when –
a) dilute sulphric acid reacts with zinc granules.
b) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.
c) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder.
d) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron fillings.
Answer:
(a) H2SO4(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Sulphuric acid + Zinc ➝ zinc Sulphate + Hydrogen
(b) 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) → MgCl 2(aq) + H2(g)
hydro Chloric acid + magnesium ➝ Magnisium Chloride + Hydrogen
(c) 3H2SO4(aq) + 2Al(s) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)
Sulphuric Hydrigen Sulphate + Aluminium ➝ Aluminium + Hydrogen Chloride
(d) 2HCl(aq) + Fe(s) → FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Hydrochloric acid + Iron ➝ Ferric + Hydrogen

Question 6.
Compounds such as alchohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not
categorised as acids. Describe an Activity to prove it.
Solution:
Take solutions of alcohols, glucose in a beaker, take a cork and fix two nails on
the cork up to the end. Connect the nails to two terminals of a 6-volt battery
through a bulb and a switch. Switch on the current. You will see that bulb does
not glow or the current does not pass through the circuit. This means no ions or
H+ ions are present in the solution. This shows that alcohols and glucose are not
acids.

Question 7.
Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does?
Answer:
Distilled water is pure form of water. This do not contain ions. No electricity flows
in distilled water. But rain water is impure and contains ionic groups.
Ex: Acids. Hence rain water is conductor of electricity.

Question 8.
Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?
Answer:
Acids do not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water because the
dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid occurs in the presence of water only.

Question 9.
Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as
4, 1, 11, 7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is
a) neutral?
b) strongly alkaline?
c) strongly acidic?
d) weakly acidic?
e) weakly alkaline?
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.
Answer:
(a) Neutral → Solution D with pH7.
(b) Strongly alkaline → Solution C with pH11.
(c) Strongly acidic → Solution B with pH1.
(d) Weakly acidic → Solution A with pH4.
(e) Weakly alkaline → Solution E with pH9.
The pH can be arranged in the increasing order of the concentration of hydrogen
ions as: 11 < 9 < 7 < 4 < 1 or (c) < (e) < (d) < (a) < (b)
Question 10.
Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH 3COOH) is
added to test tube B. Amount and concentration taken for both the acids are
same. In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?
Answer:
Fizzing will occur more vigorously in test tube. A containing hydrochloric acid.
This is because hydrochloric acid is stronger acid than acetic acid and reaction
between magnesium ribbon and HCl is faster than between Mg and acetic acid.

Question 11.
Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into
curd? Explain your answer.
Answer:
The pH of milk is 6. As it changes into curd, the pH will reduce as during curd
formation lactose (sugar) present in milk gets converted into lactic acid.
Therefore, the curd is acidic in nature. The acids present in it decrease the pH.

Question 12.
A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?
Answer:
a) Milkman shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline. In this
condition milk is not converted into curd as it is in alkaline state.

b) This milk is alkaline. Acids combining with base and becomes neutral. Hence it
takes more time to convert into curd.

Question 13.
Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why?
Answer:
Plaster of paris should be stored in a moisture proof container. Because plaster of
paris absorbs moisture and forms solids. This is called gypsum.
Question 14.
What is a neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.
Answer:
When an acid and base react with each other to give a salt and water, it is termed
as neutralisation reaction i.e.,
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
For example:
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O.
HNO3 + KOH → KNO3 + H2O.

Question 15.
Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.
Answer:

Important uses of washing soda are:

1. It is used in glass, soap, and paper manufacturing industries.

2. It is used to remove the permanent hardness of the water.

Important uses of baking soda are:

1. It is used in making baking powder. Baking powder is a mixture of baking

soda and a mild acid known as tartaric acid. When it is heated or mixed in
water, it releases CO2 that makes bread or cake fluffy.
2. Therefore, used in baking.
3. It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Additional Questions

and Answers
Question 1.
What are olfactory indicators? Give example.
Answer:
Olfactory indicators are the substances whose odour changes in acidic or basic
media.
Eg: Vanilla, onion.
Question 2.
Name the different forms of calcium carbonate.
Answer:
Limestone, chalk and marble.

Question 3.
What are alkalies?
Answer:
Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalies.

Question 4.
Name 3 concentrated acids.
Answer:
HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3.

Question 5.
What is the pH range of our body?
Answer:
7.0 to 7.8.

Question 6.
What is acid rain?
Answer:
When pH of rain water is less than 5.6, it is called acid rain.

Question 7.
What are antacids? Give one example.
Answer:
During indigestion the stomach produces too much acid and this causes pain and
irritation. To get rid of this pain, people use bases called antacids.
Eg: Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)

Question 8.
Name two sodium salts.
Answer:
Nacl and Na2SO4.
Question 9.
What is the formula for bleaching powder?
Answer:
CaOCl2.

Question 10.
Mention one use of plaster of paris.
Answer:
It is used for making toys