Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific

Research
University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla
Faculty of Hydrocarbons, Renewable Energies, Earth Sciences, and Universe

2nd years bachelor drilling Department of Drilling and Mechanics of oil fields

electrical equipment PW (1) report

Electrical measuring devices

Prepared by MESBAHI ALA EDDINE

Hammami Riyadh
Salouba Yacine
Loucif Aghyless Tadjeddine
Mahmoudi Housam

Under the supervision of Pr.khentout

Academic year : 2023 – 2024

 ➢ Introduction
Electrical measuring devices are essential tools in various fields, ranging from
electrical engineering to industry and scientific research. Voltmeters and ammeters
are among the most prominent of these devices used for measuring voltage and
current, respectively, in electrical circuits. These devices play a vital role in
examining and understanding the characteristics of electrical circuits and analyzing
the performance of electrical systems.
Understanding how voltmeters and ammeters work is crucial for electrical
engineers and those interested in the field of electricity. A voltmeter measures the
voltage difference (volts) between two points, while an ammeter measures the
electric current (amperes) passing through an electric circuit.
This research aims to explore and analyze the principles of operation and types of
voltmeters and ammeters, along with their practical applications in various fields
including industry, power, electronics, and scientific research. It will address recent
technological advancements in this field, as well as the challenges faced by
manufacturers of these devices and how to overcome them.
In summary, this research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the
importance and uses of voltmeters and ammeters, thereby enhancing our
understanding of electrical technologies and their practical applications in our daily
lives.
Voltmeter: Electrical Voltage Measurement Device
In the realm of electrical engineering, measuring instruments play a vital role in
understanding and analyzing electrical circuits. A voltmeter is one of these
essential tools used to measure electrical voltage across various applications. This
article aims to explore the principles of operation, types, and applications of
voltmeters.

Principles of Voltmeter Operation:

A voltmeter is a measuring device used to measure electrical voltage between two
points in a circuit. Its operation relies on utilizing physical effects to measure
voltage. Some common principles of voltmeter operation include:
1. Moving-Coil Principle:It relies on moving a magnetic coil within a static
magnetic field. The magnetic coil is affected by the voltage to be measured,
resulting in needle movement on a scale.
2. Dynamic Principle:It utilizes the effect of currents flowing through a coil
to measure voltage. When the voltage to be measured is applied, a current is
generated causing the magnetic coil to move.
3. Electrostatic Principle:It relies on the effect of voltage on the electrical
properties of materials such as capacitors or resistors. This principle is used
in modern electronic circuits and digital devices.

Types of Voltmeters:
1. Analog Voltmeters:These rely on mechanical indicators such as needle
movement on a scale. They are further divided into moving-coil and
dynamic voltmeters.
2. Digital Voltmeters:These rely on converting electrical signals into digital
values displayed on a digital screen. These voltmeters provide accurate and
easy-to-read measurements.
3. High-Voltage Voltmeters:These are used to measure voltage in
applications requiring high voltage levels.
Applications of Voltmeters:
• Voltage Measurement in Electrical Circuits: Used to measure voltage
across various parts of electrical circuits to understand distribution and
electrical behavior.
• Testing Electrical Devices: Used to test and diagnose the performance
and safety of electrical devices such as motors and transformers.
• Industrial Voltage Monitoring:Used in monitoring and controlling
industrial processes requiring continuous voltage monitoring.
In conclusion, a voltmeter is an indispensable tool in the field of electrical
engineering, aiding in the understanding and analysis of electrical voltage in
various applications. Voltmeter technologies continuously evolve to provide
accurate readings and ease of use in diverse areas of electrical engineering.
Ammeter: The Electrical Current Measurement Device
In the realm of electrical engineering, measuring instruments are indispensable
tools for understanding and analyzing electrical circuits. Among these instruments,
the ammeter holds particular significance as it is used to measure electric current
flow within a circuit. This article aims to delve into the principles of operation,
types, and applications of ammeters.

Principles of Ammeter Operation:

An ammeter is a device designed to measure the electric current flowing through a
conductor. Its operation relies on fundamental principles of electromagnetism and
electrical engineering. Some common principles of ammeter operation include:
1. Shunt Principle:Ammeters are often connected in parallel with a shunt
resistor. The current to be measured is diverted through the shunt, and the
voltage drop across it is proportional to the current. This voltage is then
measured and converted into a current reading.
2. Series Principle:In some cases, ammeters are connected in series with the
circuit under test. The ammeter measures the current passing through it,
providing an indication of the total current flowing through the circuit.
3. Hall Effect Principle:Modern digital ammeters utilize the Hall Effect, where
a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow induces a voltage
proportional to the current. This voltage is then measured and converted into a
current reading.

Types of Ammeters:
1. Analog Ammeters:These traditional meters display current readings using
a mechanical indicator, such as a moving coil or a needle on a scale.
2. Digital Ammeters:These modern meters convert current into digital
signals, displaying precise numerical readings on a digital screen. They offer
high accuracy and ease of use.
3. Clamp Meters:These ammeters have a unique design allowing them to
measure current without breaking the circuit. They use a hinged "clamp"
 mechanism to encircle the conductor and measure the magnetic field
generated by the current.

Applications of Ammeters:
• Circuit Analysis:Ammeters are crucial for analyzing and troubleshooting
electrical circuits, allowing engineers to identify current variations and
anomalies.
• Testing Electrical Devices:They are used to test the performance of
various electrical devices, including motors, generators, and transformers.
• Industrial Applications: Ammeters play a vital role in industrial settings
for monitoring current flow in machinery and equipment, ensuring safe and
efficient operation.

In conclusion, the ammeter is an essential tool in electrical engineering, enabling

precise measurement and analysis of electric current in various applications. With
advancements in technology, digital ammeters offer enhanced accuracy and
versatility, further contributing to the advancement of electrical engineering
practices.
 Solution of TP N°01

1_ Objective of the experiment

1_ Properly using a voltmeter and an ammeter
2_ Correctly wiring an electrical circuit
3_ Interpreting the obtained results

2_Manipulation
A) The following diagram:

R
v

_Assemble the previous circuit setup (resistor values and electromotive forces are
determined by the instructor).
Complete the following tables:

Table 1: Evaluation of Measurements

Resistance C E L I C E L
A A A V v V u
R1= 3Ω 1 30 59 1 ,96 30 100 28 8 ,4

R2=5Ω 1 30 39,5 1, 31 30 100 30 9

C) Considering the same previous setup but replacing the analog voltmeter with a
digital voltmeter.
• Complete the following table:

Résistance A v
2mesurée 2 mesurée
R1=3Ω 2 ,98 9,48
R2=5Ω 2,01 9,65

• Interpret the results found.

In the first and second measurements, we observe that the current intensity
decreases as resistance increases, indicating an inverse relationship; resistance
impedes current intensity. Conversely, in voltage, it increases with higher
resistance, showing a direct relationship; resistance assists voltage in an additive
manner.

• Compare the use of the two types of devices.

-The results are close between the first and second measurements.

-When using a multimeter, it provides more accurate results.

-There are measurement errors when using a voltmeter and ammeter.