Biochemistry II-04022013

Biochemistry CHE.155 - Exam date 04.02.
2013
Please Print Your Name:
Matrikelnummer:
1) Which of the following statements about ribonucleotide reductase are correct?
 ribonucleotide reductase replaces the hydroxyl group at the 2’-position
of ribonucleotides with hydrogen thereby leading to the reduction of the
sugar
 evidence supports a direct hydride transfer mechanism from NADPH to
the 2’-oxonium cation
 currently, four different classes of ribonucleotide reductases are known
which are distinguished based on the mode of radical generation in the
active site
 since ribonucleotide reductase becomes oxidized during substrate
turnover, redox equivalents are needed to prime the enzyme for the next
catalytic cycle
 thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin are proteins required to keep the
internal dithiol group of ribonucleotide reductases in an active reduced
state
1
Biochemistry CHE.155 - Exam date 04.02.2013
Matrikelnummer:
2) Which of the following statements about amino acid biosynthesis are correct?
(10 points for ticking the correct boxes)
 the shikimate pathway synthesizes chorismate from
phosphoenolpyruvate, ATP and ribose-5-phosphate
 the enzymatic steps towards the synthesis of branched-chain and
aromatic amino acids are attractive targets for the development of
herbicides and antibiotics as well as anti-neoplastic (cancer
chemotherapy) compounds
 acetolactate synthase is a pyridoxal-5’-phosphate dependent enzyme
 the shikimate pathway is named after a central metabolite (shikimate) of
the pathway
 the biosynthesis of tyrosine and phenylalanine from prephenate proceeds
via different metabolites in bacteria and plants
2
Matrikelnummer:
3) Purine metabolism
Formulate the reactions of the purine salvage pathway (4 marks), give the names
of the enzymes involved (2 points). Which human disease is connected to a
deficiency in the purine salvage pathway (2 points)? Which enzyme is affected
in this disease (2 points)?
3
Matrikelnummer:
4) Protein biosynthesis
Describe the importance of substrate specificity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
for the process of translation and explain the term “identity elements” in this
context (5 marks each)!
4
Matrikelnummer:
5) Which statements about DNA-replication is correct? (10 points for ticking
correct boxes)
 replication is a semi-discontinuous process
 leading strand and lagging strand are synthesized in separate reactions

catalyzed by DNA-polymerase
 RNA-primers are not required for DNA-replication
 Okazaki-fragments only occur during leading strand biosynthesis
 DNA replication requires a locus for initiation (oriC)
5
Matrikelnummer:
6) RNA-processing
Explain the terms “intron” and “exon” (4 points) and formulate the reactions that
lead to the removal of introns in a hypothetical self-splicing pre-mRNA (6
points).
6
Matrikelnummer:
7) DNA-repair
Which enzymatic system is typically used to repair pyrimidine dimers (e. g.
thymine dimers) in bacterial or plant organisms? (10 points)
 O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
 DNA-photolyase
 DNA glycosylase
 Mismatch repair
 Nucleotide excision repair
(only one answer is correct!)
7
Matrikelnummer:
8) Photosynthesis
Formulate the reaction that leads to fixation of carbon dioxide in C3 plants; give
the name and structure of the carbohydrate that is used for this reaction (5
points). In addition, formulate the analogous reaction with oxygen that give rise
to photorespiration in plants (5 points).
8
Matrikelnummer:
9) Cyclic electron transport and photophosphorylation
Explain the main difference between cyclic and non-cyclic electron transport in
plant chloroplasts, especially with regard to the ratio of ATP/NADPH
generation (10 points).
9
Matrikelnummer:
10) Plant physiology
Describe two strategies of how plants avoid or minimize photorespiration and
formulate the pertinent biochemical reactions and the morphological
organization of Kranz and mesophyll cells in these plants (5 points each).
10

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Biochemistry II-04022013

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Biochemistry CHE.155 - Exam date 04.02.

Please Print Your Name:

1) Which of the following statements about ribonucleotide reductase are correct?

 ribonucleotide reductase replaces the hydroxyl group at the 2’-position

of ribonucleotides with hydrogen thereby leading to the reduction of the

 evidence supports a direct hydride transfer mechanism from NADPH to

the 2’-oxonium cation

 currently, four different classes of ribonucleotide reductases are known

which are distinguished based on the mode of radical generation in the

 since ribonucleotide reductase becomes oxidized during substrate

 thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin are proteins required to keep the

internal dithiol group of ribonucleotide reductases in an active reduced

Please Print Your Name:

(10 points for ticking the correct boxes)

 the shikimate pathway synthesizes chorismate from

phosphoenolpyruvate, ATP and ribose-5-phosphate

 the enzymatic steps towards the synthesis of branched-chain and

aromatic amino acids are attractive targets for the development of

herbicides and antibiotics as well as anti-neoplastic (cancer

 acetolactate synthase is a pyridoxal-5’-phosphate dependent enzyme

 the shikimate pathway is named after a central metabolite (shikimate) of

 the biosynthesis of tyrosine and phenylalanine from prephenate proceeds

via different metabolites in bacteria and plants

Please Print Your Name:

of the enzymes involved (2 points). Which human disease is connected to a

deficiency in the purine salvage pathway (2 points)? Which enzyme is affected

in this disease (2 points)?

Please Print Your Name:

Describe the importance of substrate specificity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

context (5 marks each)!

Please Print Your Name:

5) Which statements about DNA-replication is correct? (10 points for ticking

 replication is a semi-discontinuous process

 leading strand and lagging strand are synthesized in separate reactions

 RNA-primers are not required for DNA-replication

 Okazaki-fragments only occur during leading strand biosynthesis

 DNA replication requires a locus for initiation (oriC)

Please Print Your Name:

lead to the removal of introns in a hypothetical self-splicing pre-mRNA (6

Please Print Your Name:

Which enzymatic system is typically used to repair pyrimidine dimers (e. g.

thymine dimers) in bacterial or plant organisms? (10 points)

 Nucleotide excision repair

(only one answer is correct!)

Please Print Your Name:

to photorespiration in plants (5 points).

Please Print Your Name:

9) Cyclic electron transport and photophosphorylation

plant chloroplasts, especially with regard to the ratio of ATP/NADPH

generation (10 points).

Please Print Your Name:

10) Plant physiology

Describe two strategies of how plants avoid or minimize photorespiration and

formulate the pertinent biochemical reactions and the morphological

organization of Kranz and mesophyll cells in these plants (5 points each).

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