CELTA Assignment Cover Sheet

To be completed by CELTA candidate

Submitted by: _ CAPPELLO, Cyro Jr

_____________________________________________________

Assignment title: ___LANGUAGE RELATED TASKS

___________________________________________________

Assignment number: ________Assignment 2: ______________________

Number of words: ____1250__________________________

Submitted on (date): _____Nov - 4 - 2020_________________________

This assignment is my original work and I have acknowledged all sources.

Full name: ____CAPPELLO, Cyro Jr ____________________________

To be completed by CELTA tutor

Overall grade:

General comments:

International House London Teacher Training

A MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL HOUSE WORLD ORGANISATION

Page 2 of 9
CAPPELLO Assignment 2: LANGUAGE RELATED TASKS

1st Grammar structure :

…everything that has happened to us during the day.

MEANING
“In this sentence “ has happened” is used when we think about the present and past
together.” Ref 1
CCQs:
Are we talking about past events during the day? Yes
Are we talking about an action in the past connected with now? Yes

FORM
This structure is referred to as the Present Perfect Simple
(I, We, They, You)have/ (He, She, It) has + past participle
Everything that has happened to us during the day.

“When we use the present perfect there is always a connection with now. The action in
the past has a result now.”
“We frequently use the present perfect simple to give new information or to announce a
recent happening” Ref 2

PRONUNCIATION/PHONOLOGY … has happened

Stressed Syllables International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

/həz/ /hæz/ /əz/

Has

/ˈhæpənd/
Happened

APPROPRIACY
It must be admitted that there is no relation of similarity in the use of Present Perfect
Simple for some students and their L1 languages.

Anticipated Problems and Solutions

Problem - Why not use simple past - happened?
Solution - When we first announce the news, we frequently use the present perfect.
When we give or ask for more past details, we change to the simple past.
“When we use the present perfect, there is always a connection with now.
The action in the past has a result now.”

Problem - Students may say “Have happened”

Solution - Highlight the correct use of auxiliary verbs -
(I, We, They, You) have + past participle

Page 3 of 9
(He, She, It) has + past participle

2nd Grammar structure :

…but sooner or later we have to sleep.

MEANING
We use “have to” to express that it is necessary to do something.
Have can be used in the following ways:
As a verb used for talking about what is necessary and followed by a verb in the infinitive
with ‘to’: Ex: Sooner or later, we have to sleep.

CCQs:
Is there another option? Yes
Do we have a choice? No
Is it necessary? Yes

FORM

Subj +have to Present

Subj +has to

Subj + have got to We’ve got to Present

Subj + will have to We’ll have to Future

Subj + had to Past

Do + Subj + have to ? Questions

Does + have to?

Subj + don’t + have to Negative

Subj + doesn’t + have to

PRONUNCIATION/PHONOLOGY … have to sleep

Stressed Syllables International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

/hæv/ - [strong]
have [to] /əv - [weak]

Page 4 of 9
APPROPRIACY
As in this case "have to" is not being used as an auxiliary verb, there are no questions
related to this subject.

Anticipated Problems and Solutions

Problem - Students associate “have” as an auxiliary verb.
Solution - Use [have] as an auxiliary verb in perfect tenses of verbs when it is followed by
a past participle verb form.[Ref 1]

Problem - Students may say “I’ve got to…” instead of “have to “.

Solution - “Have got to” is often used instead of “have to”, especially in spoken English
and in informal writing. Ref 1. “Have got to” and “have to mean the same”. “Have got to “
is more informal.[Ref 3]: Ex: You’ve got to sleep, sooner or later.

Problem - Students may say that “Must” has the same use.
Solution - Must is personal. We use must when we communicate our personal feelings.
Have to is impersonal, we employ it for facts and not for personal feelings. Ref 2

Problem - Students may say that “have to “is a modal verb.

Solution - Have to is often grouped with modal auxiliary verbs for convenience, but in
fact, it is not a modal verb. It is not even an auxiliary verb. In the have to structure,
"have" is the main verb.: Ref 4

Problem - Students may question: She “has to” or “have to”?

Solution - She “have to" is incorrect English, and you are right to use “She has to"
instead... But there is a common dialect of English where "she have to" is normal, and is
correct grammar. That dialect is sometimes called urban English, or Black English. Ref 5

Page 5 of 9
1st Lexis structure :
We can put off sleeping for a limited period.

MEANING
put off - [antonym] - put on
put off - [synonym] - put over

CCQs
- You need to go to bed around 10 pm, but you stay awake watching, “Netflix”.
So you [put off - students answers] sleeping. [to procrastinate, to delay ]

- You need to study and are trying to concentrate, but someone calls you and ….. [put you off-
students answers]. [To distract; to disturb the concentration of.]

-Nowadays, what do you take off from your face when you arrive at home? The mask
What do we do with the mask, we ……………….the mask. [put off - students answers] [something
worn]

- You are preparing to go to the park and it starts raining, what do you feel? Do you still want to go?
No... Do you have the same courage/energy? No... In this case, the rain ………. [put off -
students answers] your courage/energy.

FORM
PHRASAL VERBS or TWO-WORD VERBS

“We can put off sleeping for a limited period”.

Put off + verb-ing
“We can put sleeping off for a limited period”.

Phrasal Verbs can look like :

-a verb + preposition (look into),
-or a verb + adverb (get away),
-or a verb + adverb + preposition (get away from)

Present Simple put off / puts off

Present To be + putting off

Participle/Continuous

Past Simple put off

Past Participle put off

Future Simple will put off

Page 6 of 9
PRONUNCIATION/PHONOLOGY

“We can put off sleeping for a limited period”. - Stressed sounds
put off - /pʊt ɒf/ - [IPA]

p u t o f f - Stressed “vowels”

put off - linking sound

APPROPRIACY
- Phrasal verbs are informal, though perfectly acceptable in most academic papers.

Anticipated Problems and Solutions

Problem - Students may say “We can put off sleep for a limited period”.
Solution - Show students the precise form - Put off + verb-ing.[Ref 2]

Problem - Students might misspell the phrasal verb “We can putt of sleeping for a limited
period”. Solution - Show the correct form - Put off - and record the word on the board.

Problem - Students may pronounce the phrasal verb as two separated words “ “We can
put off sleeping for a limited period”.
Solution - Elicit the proper spelling with linking sounds from pronunciation.

Page 7 of 9
2nd Lexis structure :
…the unpleasant symptoms we suffer (lexis)

MEANING
“The unpleasant symptoms we suffer when we don’t sleep enough”
CCQs-
If you don’t sleep properly, what symptoms do you feel? Bad symptoms
Is it a pleasant feeling? No
Is it comfortable? No

FORM
“The unpleasant symptoms we suffer when we don’t sleep enough”

Unpleasant [adjective ] - antonym - Pleasant [adjective ] - more examples :

● agreeable ● gratifying ● pleasing

● good ● nice ● pleasurable
● grateful ● pleasant ● satisfying

Unpleasant [adjective ] - synonym - Unpleasing [adjective ] more examples :

● uncongenial ● unpleasing
● unlovely ● unsavoury

PRONUNCIATION/PHONOLOGY
“The unpleasant symptoms we suffer when we don’t sleep enough”

PRONUNCIATION [IPA] - British STRESSED SYLLABLE

Unpleasant /ʌnˈplez.ənt/ Unpleasant

Symptom(s) /ˈsɪmp.təm/ Symptom(s)

STRESSED STRESSED STRESSED SMALL STRESSED STRESSED

PAUSE

“The unpleasant symptoms we suffer when we don’t sleep enough”

Page 8 of 9
Anticipated Problems and Solutions

Problem - Students may think that “symptom” has a similar meaning related to “opinion” or
“agree with” as the idiom -” I feel that” - [slang for I understand] R4.
Solution - Emphasize meaning for “symptom” as “subjective evidence of disease or
physical disturbance”.R4

Problem - Students might misspell the word suppressing a syllable as “unplesant”

Solution - Elicit the correct spelling and write the corrected word on board.

Problem - Students may pronounce the “-t” ending in unpleasant as /tiː/ instead of /t/.
Solution - Highlight the proper sound/pronunciation from phonology chart.

References
R1Merriam Webster Dictionary.com
R2 Butte.edu.com
R3 Cambridge.org
R4 The Free Dictionary.com
R5 Oxford Dictionaries - lexico.com
R6 Cambridge Univ. Press R.Murphy English Grammar in Use 2nd
R7 Wiktionary.org
R8 Macmillan Thesaurus.com
R9 Macmillan MED-Magazine/October2005/34
R10 Macmillan Dictionary.com
R11 Wordreference.com/forum
R12 Collins English Dictionary 12th
R13 Oxford University Press M.Swan C.Walter The Good Grammar Book 2001

Page 9 of 9