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TENS/EMS/Massager
Physiotherapy Unit
Model: SMAF24
Operating/Service Manual
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………..………3
2. General description of TENS/ EMS/ Massager……..………3
3. Indication, Contraindication, Warnings…………………..……..4
4. Technical Specification…………………………………………..….….6
5. Contents………………………………………………………………….…….7
6. Operation…………………………………………………………………..…..7
7. Safety Instructions………………………………………………….…….11
8. Maintenance…………………………………………………………….……12
9. Troubleshooting……………………………………………………….……14
10. System Overview…………………………………………………………15
11. Assembly/Disassembly Instructions…………………………..16
12. Disclaimer……………………………………………………………………18
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1. Introduction
Welcome to the Portable TENS/EMS/Massager Physiotherapy
Unit service manual. This manual provides comprehensive
information on the operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of
the device. Please read this manual thoroughly before using the
unit.

2. General Description:
2.1 TENS: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a
non-invasive therapeutic technique designed for pain relief. This
method involves the use of a small, portable device that delivers low-
voltage electrical currents to specific areas of the body through
electrodes attached to the skin. By stimulating nerve fibers, TENS
helps modulate or block pain signals, offering a drug-free approach
to managing conditions such as chronic pain, muscle spasms, and
post-surgical discomfort. Electrical pulses promote the release of
endorphins, the body's natural painkillers, providing individuals with
an alternative means to alleviate various forms of pain. TENS is
widely recognized for its versatility and effectiveness in enhancing
the quality of life for those seeking relief from different types of
discomfort.

2.2 EMS: Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) is a therapeutic and

fitness technique that involves the use of electrical impulses to
stimulate muscle contractions. These electrical impulses are
generated by a device and delivered through electrodes attached to
the skin over targeted muscle groups. EMS is commonly utilized for
muscle rehabilitation, strengthening, and performance
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enhancement. In rehabilitation, EMS can help restore muscle

function after injury or surgery, providing a controlled way to engage
muscles and prevent atrophy. In fitness, EMS is employed to
intensify muscle training during workouts, offering an additional
challenge to traditional exercises. While not a substitute for
conventional exercise, EMS can be a valuable complement to a well-
rounded fitness routine. It is essential to use EMS devices under the
guidance of trained professionals to ensure safety and effectiveness
in achieving specific therapeutic or fitness goals.

2.3 MASSAGER: A vibrational massager is a modality designed to

provide therapeutic benefits using vibrations. The vibrations are
applied to the body's muscles and tissues, promoting relaxation,
easing muscle tension, and potentially improving blood circulation.
Vibrational massagers are commonly used for self-massage and
can target specific areas of the body, such as the neck, shoulders,
back, or limbs. The oscillations generated by the massager stimulate
sensory receptors in the skin and muscles, helping to alleviate
stiffness and discomfort. Additionally, the soothing vibrations can
contribute to stress reduction and may be used as part of a
relaxation routine. It's important to use vibrational massagers
responsibly, applying appropriate pressure and avoiding sensitive
areas.

3. Indication, Contraindication, Warning

3.1 Indications:
Physiotherapy Device is indicated for use in various therapeutic
applications to aid in the management of specific medical
conditions. It is designed to provide targeted electrical stimulation
for:
▪ Pain management, including chronic and acute pain.
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▪ Muscle rehabilitation and strengthening.

▪ Improvement of blood circulation.
▪ Reduction of muscle spasms.
▪ Enhanced range of motion.
The device is intended for use under the guidance of qualified
healthcare professionals or as per a prescribed treatment plan.

3.2 Contraindications:
Physiotherapy Device is contraindicated for use under certain
circumstances to ensure the safety and well-being of the user.
Avoid using the device in the following situations:
i. Pregnancy: The safety of electrical stimulation during
pregnancy has not been established. Consult with a healthcare
professional before use.
ii. Seizure Disorders: Individuals with a history of seizures or
epilepsy should avoid using the device without consulting a
healthcare provider.
iii. Active Cancer: Avoid using the device over areas with active
cancerous lesions without guidance from a qualified healthcare
professional.
iv. Open Wounds or Skin Infections: Do not apply electrodes over
open wounds, irritated skin, or areas with active infections.
v. Implanted Medical Devices: Avoid using the device over or near
implanted medical devices (e.g., pacemakers, defibrillators)
without consulting a healthcare professional.

3.3 Warnings:
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i. Read User Manual: Carefully read and follow all instructions

provided in the user manual before using the Physiotherapy
Device.
ii. Professional Supervision: Use the device under the supervision
of a qualified healthcare professional or as per a prescribed
treatment plan.
iii. Skin Irritation: Discontinue use if skin irritation, redness, or
discomfort occurs. Consult with a healthcare professional if
symptoms persist.
iv. Avoid Eyes and Face: Keep the device away from the eyes and
face to prevent accidental exposure.
v. Device Malfunction: If the device malfunctions or shows signs
of damage, discontinue use and contact the manufacturer or
authorized service provider for assistance.
vi. Keep Out of Reach of Children: Ensure that the device is stored
in a safe location, out of reach of children and pets.
vii. Electrical Safety: Avoid using the device near water, and do not
immerse the device or its components in liquid.

4. Technical Specifications
Physiotherapy Unit:
- Dimensions in cm: (11), 21.4*16
- Weight: 1.2 Kg
- Power Supply: 220 Volts
- Display: LCD, 20*4
- Input Channels: 1 (Adapter Jack)
-Output Channels: 2 (Electrodes E1 & E2, Massager Pad)
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5. Contents:

6. Operation
6.1 Power On/Off:
To turn on the physiotherapy unit, insert the adapter into 220V
Power source. Switch on the device. To turn off, switch off the
circuit and remove the plug of the boost Converter.
6.2 User Interface:
Use the keypad to navigate through the menu options and adjust
settings. All the modes will be displayed on the Lcd screen
attached on the outer surface of the Physiotherapy Unit.
6.3 Instructions to Use:
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• Carefully insert the adapter into port one to power up the

physiotherapy unit.
• Establish electrode connections by connecting the red
electrode probe to port 2 and the black electrode probe to port
3.
• Activate the physiotherapy unit by using the button located on
its upper surface.
• Designate the desired modality by pressing A and B on the
keypad.
• Finalize the modality selection by pressing C on the keypad.
• The system prompts you to choose the mode of operation;
confirm your selection by pressing "C" on the keypad.
• Enter the desired operation time duration when prompted,
using the keypad for input.
• Activate the entire device by pressing "C" on the keypad.

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6.4 Placement of Electrodes (TENS):

6.5 Placement of Electrodes (EMS):

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6.6 Operating Modes:

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- TENS Modes:
Mode Name Duty Cycle (%) Frequency (Hz) Voltage (V) Time (min)
P1 Acupuncture 25 3 44 1-99
P2 Intense 99 2 51 1-99
P3 Burst 25 4 61 1-99
P4 Conventional 76 10 61 1-99
P5 Modulated 25 3 54 1-99
P6 Pulse 99 2 39 1-99

- EMS Mode:
Mode Name Duty Cycle (%) Frequency (Hz) Voltage (V) Time (min)
P1 Continuous 25 3 60 1-99
P2 Acupuncture 99 2 57 1-99
P3 Modulated 25 4 57 1-99
P4 Conventional 76 10 51 1-99
P5 Intense 25 3 57 1-99
P6 Low Intensity 99 2 34 1-99

- Massager Mode:
Mode Name Rpm
P1 Low Intensity Vibration 50
P2 Continuous Vibration 80
P3 Pulsating Vibration 110
P4 Moderate Vibration 150
P5 Intense Vibration 180
P6 Percussive Vibration 220

7. Safety Instructions
• Keep the device and components away from water. Do not
immerse in liquid.
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• Periodically inspect wires and connectors for damage.

Replace damaged parts promptly.
• Cease use if the device malfunctions. Contact the
manufacturer or service provider for assistance.
• Store the device in a cool, dry place. Keep it secure and away
from children and pets.
• Adhere to electrical safety guidelines. Avoid using near water
sources.

8. Maintenance
Follow these guidelines for effective maintenance:
8.1 Cleaning:
• Power off the device before cleaning.
• Use a soft, damp cloth to wipe the external surfaces.
• Avoid using abrasive materials or harsh chemicals that
may damage the device.
8.2 Electrodes and Wires:
• Regularly inspect electrodes for signs of wear, damage,
or diminished adhesiveness.
• Replace electrodes as recommended in the user manual
or when they show signs of wear.
• Examine wires for any visible damage or fraying, and
replace if necessary.
8.3 Connectors and Jacks:
• Inspect connectors and jacks for dirt, debris, or corrosion.
• Clean connectors and jacks using a gentle brush or
compressed air to ensure proper connections.
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8.4 Power Supply:

• Check the power cord for any damage, and replace it if
there are signs of wear.
• Ensure the power source meets the device's specified
requirements.
8.5 Software/Firmware Updates:
• Periodically check for any available software or firmware
updates provided by the manufacturer.
• Follow the manufacturer's instructions for updating the
device's software.
8.6 Calibration:
• If applicable, follow the calibration procedures outlined in
the user manual.
• Regularly calibrate the device according to the
recommended schedule.
8.7 Storage:
• Store the device in a cool, dry place.
• Avoid exposing the device to extreme temperatures or
humidity.
8.8 Safety Checks:
• Periodically perform safety checks as outlined in the user
manual.
• Ensure that all safety features are functioning correctly.
8.9 User Manual Review:
• Regularly review the user manual for any updated
maintenance guidelines or recommendations.
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9. Troubleshooting
Common Issues:
9.1 Device Not Turning On:
• Symptom: The device does not power up.
• Troubleshooting Steps:
• Check if the power adapter is securely connected to
both the device and the power source.
• Ensure the power source meets the device's
specifications.
• If the issue persists, contact our authorized service
provider for further assistance.
9.2 LCD Not Displaying Calibration Process:
• Symptom: The LCD does not show the calibration
process.
• Troubleshooting Steps:
• Verify the connections between the potentiometer
and the servo motor.
• Ensure there are no loose or damaged wires.
• If the LCD issue persists, contact our authorized
service provider for further assistance.
9.3 LCD Not Proceeding Beyond Calibration:
• Symptom: The LCD does not progress beyond the
calibration process.
• Troubleshooting Steps:
• Check if the MOSFET is processing the required
voltages.
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• Verify if the LED on the MOSFET is glowing; if not, the

MOSFET may need replacement.
• If the issue persists, contact our authorized service
provider for further assistance.
9.4 Keypad Not Working:
• Symptom: The keypad is unresponsive.
• Troubleshooting Steps:
• Inspect the keypad wiring for any loose or damaged
connections.
• Dust off the keypad and reattach it securely.
• If the issue persists, contact our authorized service
provider for further assistance.

10. System Overview

The physiotherapy unit consists of several key components,
including Microcontroller (Arduino), Boost Converter, Voltage
Sensor, MOSFET, Buck Converter, Servomotor, potentiometer,
Bluetooth module.
• Integration: The device integrates different electrotherapy
modalities, such as EMS, TENS, and massage therapy, into a
single, compact unit, providing multiple modalities for pain
relief and muscle recovery. The device can also switch
between different modalities automatically or manually,
depending on the user’s preference and condition.
• User-friendliness: The device is designed to be user-friendly,
meaning that it can be easily operated and controlled by the
user, without the need for extensive training or guidance. The
device has a simple and intuitive interface, consisting of a
keypad, an LCD, and a speaker. The device also has a voice
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recognition feature, which allows the user to give voice

commands to the device.

The diagram below illustrates the system architecture.

a. Buck Converter
b. Arduino Nano
c. MOSFET
d. Bluetooth Module
e. 2-port for PWM Controller
f. 2-port for Bluetooth Module
g. Indicator (Arduino)
h. 3-port for Potentiometer
i. 3-port for Servo motor

11. Assembly/Disassembly Instructions

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To assemble the equipment, insert the input connector into the

jack of the device. Connect the electrodes' connectors into the
output jacks of the device. After connecting the wires, turn on the
power button of the device and start using the physiotherapy
session.

To disassemble the Physiotherapy Device, power off the device.

Disconnect the electrodes from the output jacks and remove the
input connector from the device. Organize the wires, secure any
removable components, and store the device safely. Always follow
safety guidelines provided in the user manual.
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12. Disclaimer:
This service manual is part of a final year project and is provided
for educational purposes only. The information contained in this
manual is based on the knowledge and understanding of the
project team at the time of its creation. While efforts have been
made to ensure accuracy, the project team does not guarantee the
completeness or correctness of the information.
This manual is not intended to replace professional advice, and
users are encouraged to consult with qualified professionals for
specific guidance related to the physiotherapy device described
herein. The project team and the educational institution shall not
be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, or
special damages arising out of the use or reliance upon the
information provided.
Users of this manual are responsible for ensuring that their use of
the physiotherapy device complies with relevant safety guidelines,
ethical considerations, and any applicable laws or regulations. The
project team reserves the right to modify the content of this
manual without prior notice.
By using the information presented in this manual, users
acknowledge that it is part of a student project and agree to the
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terms of this disclaimer. If uncertainties or concerns arise during

the use of the physiotherapy device, users are advised to seek
guidance from qualified professionals.
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