Electric Vehicle Integration Into Electrical Power
System: A Bibliometric Review
Handrea Bernando Tambunan
Transmission and Distribution Research Department
PT PLN (Persero)
Jakarta, Indonesia
handrea.tambunan@pln.co.id
Abstract—Nowadays, transportation is essential in modern
societies, especially for daily mobility. The shifting from internal
combustion engine (ICE) to electric vehicle (EV) aims to reduce
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the utilization level and the
dependency on fossil fuels as nonrenewable resources. On the
other hand, electrical power systems (PS) have become crucial
in delivering power to the EV. This study conducted the
bibliometrics review on EV and PS, including author, source,
word, field, and thematic analysis. These findings can help
researchers and the scientific community comprehensively
understand the EVPS field’s knowledge foundation more
rapidly.
Keywords—electric vehicle, bibliometric, biblioshiny, power
system.
I. INTRODUCTION
Transportation is essential in today’s modern societies,
especially for daily mobility. However, the invention of the
conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles
carries side effects, as the use of fossil fuels harms the
environment [1]. Using fuels and combusting them leads to air
pollution in the atmosphere. Electric vehicle (EV) appears to
be one of the most promising transportation in the change
toward a sustainable planet. The shift from ICE to EV aims to
reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the utilization
level and the dependency on fossil fuels as nonrenewable
resources [2].
A charger is a piece of equipment that delivers electrical
power to an EV. Typically, there are two main types:
alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) chargers. EV
batteries usually can only be charged with a DC system, while
most electricity supplies are from the AC system [3].
Therefore, most EVs have an AC-to-DC converter in the
charging system and connectors that comply with various
international standards. Charging stations are commonly
located in public areas: parking areas, retail shopping centers,
government facilities, petrol stations, or private residences [4].
Electrical power systems have become a critical part of EV
growth. Several studies founded elaborate on the EV
integration into the electrical power system. The study from
[5] shows that the electrical power system model is crucial to
decision-making and strategic planning in the energy
transition. Moreover, a study from [6] investigates the impact
of various EV charging strategies on electrical power systems.
Another study from [7] found that EV participation in the
flexible ramp market can improve power system reliability
and flexibility.
High EV penetration into the present power system (PS)
can lead to stability and power quality issues. Still, with
appropriate planning and management, EVs can significantly
contribute to the smart grid system [8], vehicle to grid (V2G)
[9], where the EV can provide power to the grid, and
integration of renewable energy sources [10]. However, there
are some challenges with EVs connected to the power grid as
follows: voltage instability because of load characteristics
[11]; voltage and current harmonics distortion in waveforms
thus can reduce the power quality [12], voltage sag because of
decreased in the RMS value of voltage for half a cycle [13],
extra loss of power caused by charging condition [14], and
overloading of transformers [15].
The bibliometrics review facilitates the identification of
the essential quantitative variables of a particular research
stream in the electric vehicle and power system (EVPS) field.
This method allows determining necessary information about
a specific EVPS research, including authors, sources, words,
an area of study, and thematic. The bibliometrics review
facilitates the identification of the essential quantitative
variables of a particular research stream in the electric vehicle
and power system (EVPS) field. This method allows
determining necessary information about a specific EVPS
research, including authors, sources, words, an area of study,
and thematic. Several bibliometric studies focus on EV [16]–
[18] and PS fields [19]–[21]. Although many publications
have been published on EVPS, the lack of bibliometric review
regarding research trends and evolutionary paths in this issue
is not sufficiently identified.
This study conducted the bibliometrics analysis on EVPS
using a biblioshiny R-package [22], including author, source,
word, field, and thematic analysis. Finally, the paper is
organized as follows: Section 2 elaborates on the
methodology. Section 3 presents the findings of the
bibliometric study, and last but not least, Section 4 concludes
the paper with future implications for research.
II. REVIEW METHODOLOGY
Bibliometric review is a statistical analysis of published
scientific articles from macro perspectives. Biblioshiny for
bibliometrix delivers a web interface method created by Dr.
Massimo Aria from the University of Naples Federico II [23].
This package’s capability supports researchers in collecting
raw data from Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Dimensions,
Lens, and Cochrane Library database [24].
The bibliometric review initial stage was to explore the
Scopus database for all published works on the “Electric
Vehicle” and “Power System” keywords to compile a data set.
The data set interval was between the timespan 2011 and
2021. The search terms are combined using boolean “AND”
operators, which are used as conjunctions in examinations to
incorporate keywords, resulting in more focused results.
Subsequently, the data set is thoroughly analyzed using the
following elements: (1) author analysis, (2) source analysis,
(3) word analysis, (4) field analysis, and (5) thematic analysis,
as shown in Fig 1.
 Fig. 2. The annual scientific publication activities in the EVPS field from
2011 to 2021. (Arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and
Biblioshiny R-package).

Fig. 3. The top 10 authors researched the issues in the EVPS field from
2011 to 2021. (Arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and
Fig. 1. Bibliometric review methods.
Biblioshiny R-package).

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The author network is a collaboration in which two or
In this section, the simulation and result are entirely more authors report their findings on the same document in
analyzed using the following elements: (1) annual scientific EVPS issues, as shown in Fig 4. The nearest circles show the
production, (2) top-authors production, (3) collaboration author with close scientific collaboration, and the related items
network, (4) most relevant sources, (5) Bradford’s law, (6) show social cooperation. The results show four clusters have
source growth, (7) most relevant title’s words, (8) word the most significant research collaboration with a solid social
growth, (9) most frequent words of abstract, (10) keyword tree partnership.
map, (11) word network, (12) trend topics, (13) author,
sources, and word fields, (14) thematic evolution, and (15)
thematic map. The analysis fields have been the bibliometric
method’s titles, keywords, and abstracts.
The general information about the initial data set is shown
in Table I. Scopus final database resulted in 4,408 research
work relating to the EVPS from 2011 to 2021. Data processing
removed duplicated documents, unrelated topics, erratum,
books/chapters, and retracted papers from the data set.

TABLE I. GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE DATA SET.

Description Results
Timespan 2011:2021
Documents 4,408
Fig. 4. The author’s collaboration network researched the issues in the
Author keywords 9,306 EVPS field from 2011 to 2021 (arranged by the author based on the Scopus
Authors 9,099 database and Biblioshiny R-package).
Single-authored documents 93
Documents per author 0.484
Authors per document 2.06
Co-Authors per documents 4.17
Collaboration index 2.1

A. Author Analysis
Fig. 2 shows the information on 4,408 articles published
between 2011 and 2021, extracted from the Scopus database.
However, the EVPS research was relatively high in 2011 and
tended to decline in 2021. The top ten authors show in Fig. 3
that they have been actively publishing research papers for a Fig. 5. The most relevant sources in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021
decade. (arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-
package).
B. Source Analysis
The top ten influential sources on EVPS fields from 2011
to 2021 are shown in Fig 7. Applied Energy reached first place
with 320 relevant documents. Bradford’s law is a pattern that
calculates the exponentially diminishing returns of sources.
The number of articles is sorted into core sources with nine
relevant sources, as shown in Fig 6.
Fig. 6. Bradford’s law of sources in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021
(arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-
package).
The source growth shows the cumulative occurrences of
sources. Fig 7 shows the Applied Energy and IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid significantly increased from 2011
to 2021.
Fig. 7. The source growth in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021 (arranged
by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-package).
C. Word Analysis
After observing and examining the relevant author and
sources, the word analysis includes the title, keyword, and
abstract related to the EVPS field. In EVPS, publication
keywords might be helpful indications of research interests,
indicating the most explored issues. Fig 8 describes the top ten
words in terms of overall occurrences, as stated in the title.
The word ”electric vehicle charging”, “hybrid electric
vehicle”, and “plug-in electric vehicle” are at the top rank.
Fig. 8. The most relevant title in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021
(arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-
package).
In addition, the word growth related to annual occurrence
shows the “demand response”, “energy management”,
“energy storage”, “plug-in electric vehicle”, “renewable
energy”, “smart grid”, and “vehicle to grid” are increasingly
used as shown in Fig 9.
Fig. 9. The title growth in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021 (arranged by
the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-package).
The word cloud of abstract corresponding to the
occurrence is shown in Fig 10. It can help to understand the
most appropriate expression and the situation in the EVPS
field.
Fig. 10. The most frequent words of abstracts in the EVPS field from 2011
to 2021 (arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and
Biblioshiny R-package).
In the following simulation results, figure 11 explains a
word network visualization map of title and abstract
occurrence combinations in the EVPS field. The frequent
word occurrence is shown by the weight of circles. The wider
the ring, the greater its importance. The links between the
elements are represented by the lines connecting.
Fig. 11. The word network in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021 (arranged
by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-package).
Fig. 12. The keyword tree map in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021 (arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-package).

Fig. 13. The trending topics in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021 (arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-package).

For the topic of interest represented using keywords, a D. Fields Analysis

treemap was visualization with the 50 most used keywords, as
shown in Figure 12. The visualization’s map is divided into
rectangles sized and sorted according to a quantitative variable
which is helpful for quickly understanding the relevant topic.
The trending topics based on keywords in the EVPS field
from 2011 to 2021 are shown in Figure 18. The keyword of
“braking force distribution”, “communication”, “harmonic
distortion”, “plug-in”, to “battery” are trending topics
throughout the initial decade. Recent research keywords
related to EVPS are "energy losses", "energy management
strategy", "blockchain", to "optimization".
After observing and examining the relevant author and
sources, the three-field plot analysis is performed. The left
field contains the pertinent authors, the center field contains
the sources, and the right includes the research keywords.
Figure 14 shows the distribution of the relevant authors and
representation of the sources contributing the most to the
worldwide most representative keywords. Several authors
contribute to some journals with various keywords related to
the EVPS field.
Fig. 14. The three fields analysis in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021 (arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-package).
Fig. 15. The thematic evolution in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021
(arranged by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-
package).
E. Thematic Analysis
The evolutionary path of the EVPS field consists of two
analyses: thematic evolution and thematic map. The
evolutionary path reveals the content’s changing rules,
evolutionary relationships, routes, and trends through a
statistic, according to the thematic evolution of keywords (Fig
15). The word “electric vehicle” in the 2020 to 2021 period
integrated with “demand response”, “lithium-ion battery”,
“smart grid”, and “vehicle-to-grid” issues in the 2011–2019
period. The term “demand response” in the 2020 to 2021
period integrated with “electric vehicle”, “plug-in electric
vehicle”, and “plug-in hybrid electric vehicle” from 2011 to
2019.
In the thematic map based on keywords (Figure 16), four
zones consider two variables: relevance degree (centrality)
and development degree (density). Centrality directs to the
degree of interaction of one cluster with another, and density
Fig. 16. The thematic map in the EVPS field from 2011 to 2021 (arranged
by the author based on the Scopus database and Biblioshiny R-package).
refers to internal cohesion. In other words, the higher
centrality, the higher relevance of the term, and the higher
density, the higher development of the time. The “plug-in
hybrid electric vehicle” is categorized on motor themes. These
themes are well developed and vital for the structure of the
EVPS field. The cluster keywords “battery electric vehicle”
and “lithium-ion battery” are categorized in niche themes.
These themes are well developed but of marginal importance
to the field. The “wind power” is organized between emerging
and niche themes.
IV. CONCLUSION
This bibliometric analysis has reviewed electric vehicle
integration into power systems through author analysis,
sources analysis, word analysis, field analysis, and thematic
analysis from 2011 to 2021. The study provides quantitative
analysis and statistics to assess growth, maturity, leading
authors, conceptual and intellectual maps, and trends of the
scientific community. The authors’ analysis indicates that the
contributor has solid social networks and collaboration. From
the source’s perspective, nine relevant journals are the core
sources. The word analysis offers the most suitable and
frequently used research title, abstract, and keyword. The
word network maps reveal the field of research has a solid link
divided into four main clusters. The trending topics show
recent research keywords related to energy, blockchain,
renewable energy, and optimization. Furthermore, several
authors were founded to contribute to some journals with
various related keywords. The thematic evolution shows
electric vehicles integrated with demand response, battery,
smart grid, and vehicle-to-grid issues. The thematic map show
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is a motor theme, and the
battery is categorized in niche themes.
In the future, bibliometrics review could be used in
research performance evaluation, especially in electricity
companies, policymakers, and researchers..
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