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Mohana Singh, Divya Srivastava

Integrating SAP® Ariba® with SAP S/4HANA®

Imprint

This e-book is a publication many contributed to, specifically:

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Names: Singh, Mohana, author. | Srivastava, Divya, author.
Title: Integrating SAP Ariba with SAP S/4HANA / by Mohana Singh
and Divya
Srivastava.
Description: 1st edition. | Bonn ; Boston : Rheinwerk Publishing,
2022. |
Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022013743 | ISBN 9781493221981 (hardcover) |
ISBN
9781493221998 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: SAP business suite. | Accounts payable--Software. |
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© 2022 by Rheinwerk Publishing Inc., Boston (MA)

1st edition 2022
Dear Reader,

I recently had a baking fail. In a late-night attempt to bake chocolate

chip cookies, I misremembered a recipe that called for two cups of
flour and one cup of sugar, and instead added two cups of sugar and
one cup of flour. I didn’t realize my mistake until after I’d already put
the cookies in the oven, when I finally checked the recipe to confirm
the baking time. With my limited baking experience (and a healthy
helping of hubris), I figured it would all even out in the end, and
everything would be fine.
To no one’s surprise, everything was not fine, and the cookies
melted into one huge, flat (and yet somehow, hollow) mess that
seemed like it would be permanently stuck to my baking sheet. I cut
my losses, started a new batch of cookies, and was careful to follow
the written recipe closely.

The lesson? Instructions are always your friend! While you may be
connecting SAP Ariba with your SAP S/4HANA system and not mixing
cookie batter in your kitchen, following clear directions and expert
best practices is so much better than trying to go it alone. Authors
Mohana Singh and Divya Srivastava have crafted step-by-step
instructions for every aspect of your SAP Ariba integration to help
make the process simple, straightforward, and smooth.

Did you find Integrating SAP Ariba with SAP S/4HANA helpful? Your
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Table of Contents

Dear Reader
Notes on Usage
Table of Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 SAP Ariba Cloud Integration

Gateway
1.1.1 Features
1.1.2 SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway
1.1.3 SAP Integration Suite versus SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway
1.2 Supported SAP ERP Systems
1.3 Supported SAP Ariba Solutions and
SAP Business Network
1.3.1 SAP Business Network
1.3.2 SAP Ariba Buying and Invoicing
1.3.3 SAP Ariba Sourcing and SAP Ariba Contracts
 1.3.4 SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and
Performance
1.4 Basic Architecture with Connected
Systems
1.5 Summary

2 Installation and Activation of

SAP Ariba Cloud Integration
Gateway

2.1 Enabling SAP Ariba Cloud

Integration Gateway in SAP Ariba
2.1.1 Activating SAP Ariba Cloud Integration
Gateway in Your Customer Realm
2.1.2 Configuring the Data Center
2.2 Setting Up the Cloud Connector
2.2.1 Installation
2.2.2 Configuration
2.3 Installing SAP Ariba Cloud
Integration Gateway
2.3.1 Downloading and Installing SAP Ariba Cloud
Integration Gateway, Add-on for SAP S/4HANA
 2.3.2 Downloading and Installing SAP Ariba Cloud
Integration Gateway, Add-on for SAP S/4HANA
Upgrade
2.3.3 Downloading Software Components Using
the Maintenance Planner
2.4 Defining Authorizations
2.5 Summary

3 SAP Ariba Cloud Integration

Gateway Configuration

3.1 Configure and Enable in SAP ERP or

SAP S/4HANA
3.1.1 Maintain Certificates
3.1.2 Create RFC Destination
3.1.3 Create Port Definition
3.1.4 Create Logical System
3.1.5 Configure Receiver Port
3.1.6 Send SAP Information to SAP Ariba Cloud
Integration Gateway
3.1.7 Support Attachments
3.1.8 Support Comments
3.1.9 Support Forward Error Handling
3.1.10 Business Add-In to Customize Parameter
 and Filter Values
3.1.11 Enable Integration via Middleware
3.2 Set Up SAP Ariba Cloud Integration
Gateway
3.2.1 Navigation
3.2.2 Basic Data
3.2.3 Configure Projects
3.2.4 Transaction Tracker/Message Monitor
3.2.5 Custom Mapping
3.2.6 Deploy a Project in a Production
Environment
3.3 Summary

4 Configure SAP Business

Network Transactional Data

4.1 General Settings

4.1.1 Set Up the Interface
4.1.2 Configure Document Status Update
4.1.3 Enable SAP Ariba Supply Chain
Collaboration
4.1.4 Map a Material Product Hierarchy to
Material Classification
4.1.5 Enable Vendors
 4.1.6 Maintain Vendors for Outbound Transaction
4.1.7 Enable External Format Conversion
4.1.8 Plant-Specific Time Zone Conversion
4.2 Purchase Requisition
4.2.1 Maintain Parameters and Prefilters for
Requisition
4.2.2 Maintain Configuration Related to
Requisition Export
4.2.3 Export Requisition Data to Ariba Network
4.3 Purchase Order
4.3.1 Define Message Output Control for
Purchase Order
4.3.2 Maintain Parameters for Purchase Order
4.3.3 Mapping Setting for Purchase Order/SA/SAR
Outbound
4.3.4 Configure Implicit Enhancements for
Change and Cancel Orders
4.3.5 Implement a Customer Exit for Purchase
Order
4.3.6 Configure Partner Roles for Multitier
Purchase Orders
4.3.7 Configuration to Send Multiple Text Types
from SAP ERP/SAP S/4HANA to SAP Business
Network
4.3.8 Configuration to Enable Business Rule
Framework Plus in SAP S/4HANA
4.4 Scheduling Agreement Releases
 4.4.1 Define Message Output Control for
Scheduling Agreement
4.4.2 Define Message Output Control for
Scheduling Agreement Release
4.4.3 Maintain Parameters for Scheduling
Agreement Release
4.4.4 Implement Customer Exit for Scheduling
Agreement Release
4.4.5 Implement Implicit Enhancements for
Multiline SAR
4.5 Order Enquiry
4.5.1 Define Message Output Control for Order
Enquiry
4.5.2 Maintain Parameters for Order Enquiry
4.5.3 Implement a Customer Exit for Order
Enquiry
4.6 Order Confirmation
4.6.1 Maintain Parameters for Order Confirmation
4.6.2 Implement Custom Exit to Process
Comments and Rejected Line Item
4.6.3 Enable Attachments for Order Confirmation
4.6.4 Implement Custom Exit to Override
Tolerances for Sched. Agreement/Release
4.7 Order Confirmation Approval
4.7.1 Create Requirement for Updating Condition
Types
4.7.2 Order Confirmation for Scheduling
 Agreement and Scheduling Agreement Release
4.8 Advance Ship Notice
4.8.1 Maintain Carrier Details for Vendors
4.8.2 Configure Advance Ship Notice to Receive
Ship Notices with Zero Quantities
4.8.3 Export the Packaging Data for Handling
Units to Ariba Network
4.9 Receipt Request
4.9.1 Define Message Output Control for Returns
and Corrections
4.9.2 Maintain Parameters for Receipt Request
4.9.3 Configure User Profile Parameters to
Activate Collective Slip after Receipt
4.9.4 Maintain Printer Default Values for Returns
and Corrections in Receipts
4.10 ERP-Initiated Service Entry Sheets
4.10.1 Maintain Parameters for ERP-Initiated
Service Sheet
4.10.2 Implement Implicit Enhancement to
Update External Reference
4.10.3 Maintain the Change Document Event for
ERP-Initiated Service Sheet
4.10.4 Maintain Event Type Linkages for ERP-
Initiated Service Sheet
4.11 Service Sheet: Maintain
Parameters for Service Sheet
4.12 Service Sheet Response
4.12.1 Define Message Output Control for Service
Sheet Response
4.12.2 Maintain Parameters for Service Sheet
Response
4.12.3 Maintain Event Linkages to Generate
Service Sheet Responses
4.13 Invoice
4.13.1 Maintain Parameters for Invoice
4.13.2 Maintain SAP Company Code for Each of
the Partners
4.13.3 Maintain Tax Code between the External
System and the SAP Tax Codes
4.13.4 Maintain the Posting Keys and Document
Types for Each Company Code
4.13.5 Implement Customer Exit for Invoices with
Service Type Line Items
4.13.6 Maintain Event Type Linkages for Invoices
4.13.7 Map cXML Partner to ERP Invoicing Party
4.13.8 FI Invoice: Maintain Parameters
4.13.9 Consignment Invoice
4.14 ERP-Initiated Invoice
4.14.1 Maintain Parameters for ERP-Initiated
Invoice
4.14.2 Map SAP Tax Codes to Tax Categories
4.14.3 MM-Based, ERP-Initiated Invoice
4.14.4 FI-Based, ERP-Initiated Invoice
4.15 Invoice Status Update
4.15.1 Maintain Parameters for Invoice Status
Update
4.15.2 Configure Invoice Status Update
Transaction
4.15.3 Maintain Date and Time for Invoice Status
Update
4.15.4 Schedule Job for Invoice Status Update
4.16 Payment Proposal
4.16.1 Maintain Parameters for Payment Proposal
4.16.2 Maintain Date and Time for Payment
Proposal
4.16.3 Schedule the Job for Payment Proposal
4.17 PayMeNow
4.17.1 Maintain Parameters for PayMeNow
4.17.2 Enable Attachments and Comments for
PayMeNow
4.18 Payment Remittance
4.18.1 Send Payment Remittance Cancellation
Information
4.18.2 Maintain Parameters for Payment
Remittance Request
4.18.3 Maintain Variants for Remittance
4.18.4 Implement Customer Exit for Payment
Remittance to Fill Data into Segment
4.19 Payment Remittance Batch
 4.19.1 Payment Remittance Batch Integration
4.19.2 Maintain Parameters for Payment
Remittances Batch
4.20 Payment Receipt Confirmation
Request
4.21 Remittance Advice: Maintain
Parameters
4.22 Liability Transfer
4.22.1 Maintain Parameters for Liability Transfer
4.22.2 Maintain SAP Vendor to Funder Details
4.22.3 Maintain Payment Method for Supply
Chain Finance
4.23 SAP Ariba Supply Chain
Collaboration
4.23.1 Quality Inspection
4.23.2 Quality Notifications
4.23.3 Component Consumption Request
4.23.4 Ship Notice Request
4.23.5 Product Activity Message
4.23.6 Product Replenishment Message: Maintain
Parameters
4.23.7 Replenishment Orders: Maintain
Parameters
4.24 Summary
5 Master Data Integration

5.1 General Settings

5.1.1 Configure External Commands for
Operating System
5.1.2 Configure Ariba Incremental Extract Event
5.1.3 Configure Ariba Master Data Incremental
Field Restrictions
5.1.4 Configure Ariba Event Linkages
5.1.5 Ariba User HR Event Linkage
5.1.6 Retail Integration
5.1.7 Maintain Parameters
5.1.8 Maintain Filters
5.2 Purchase Info Records
5.2.1 Maintain Ariba Condition Types
5.2.2 Maintain Parameters
5.3 Maintain System ID for Master Data
5.4 Connection Parameters for Master
Data
5.5 Maintain Date Time Stamp for
Master Data
5.6 Maintain User Profiles for User
Master Data
5.7 Schedule Jobs to Run Master Data
5.7.1 Schedule Job for Master Data
5.7.2 Schedule Job for Change Master
5.7.3 Schedule Job for Catalog Upload Request
5.7.4 Schedule Job for Bill of Material
5.7.5 Schedule Job for Retail Master
5.8 Maintain Tax Type
5.9 Resend Master Data or Catalog
Upload Requests
5.10 Enhancement
5.10.1 Maintain Field Map for Master Data or
Catalog Upload Request
5.10.2 Business Add-Ins for Master Data
5.11 Summary

6 Master Data Native Integration

6.1 General Settings

6.1.1 Configure the Outbound Connections to
Send Messages
6.1.2 Configure Ariba Master Data Native
Interface Extract Events
6.1.3 Configure Ariba Master Data Native
Interface Incremental Field Restrictions
6.2 Application-Specific Settings
6.2.1 Maintain Parameters for Product Master
6.2.2 Maintain Parameters for User
6.3 Maintain Timestamp for Master
Data Native Integration
6.4 Schedule Jobs for Master Data
Native Integration
6.5 Area Menu to Run Master Data
Native Integration Programs
6.6 Business Add-Ins for Master Data
Native Integration Programs
6.7 Summary

7 Procurement Transactional
Data

7.1 General Settings

7.1.1 Configure Ariba Event for Transaction Data
7.1.2 Configure Ariba Buyer Transaction Data
Incremental Field Restrictions
7.1.3 Configure Event Linkages for SAP Ariba
Procurement Solutions
 7.1.4 Set Up the Interface
7.1.5 Maintain Timestamp
7.2 Application-Specific Settings
7.2.1 Purchase Requisition
7.2.2 Derive Accounting Export
7.2.3 ERP-Initiated Purchase Requisition
7.2.4 Stock Availability Request
7.2.5 Purchase Order
7.2.6 Goods Receipt
7.2.7 Export Goods Receipt
7.2.8 Service Entry Sheet
7.2.9 ERP-Initiated Service Entry Sheet
7.2.10 Invoice
7.2.11 Export Invoice Status
7.2.12 Maintain the Parameter for Advance
Payment
7.2.13 Remittance
7.2.14 Advance Payment Remittance
7.2.15 Contract
7.3 Summary

8 Strategic Sourcing
Transactional Integration
8.1 SAP Ariba Spend Analysis
8.2 General Settings
8.3 Application-Specific Settings for
Requests for Quotation
8.3.1 Defining Condition Records and Output
Types
8.3.2 Maintaining Parameters for Requests for
Quotation
8.3.3 Configuring Text IDs for Buyers and
Suppliers in the Request for Quotation
8.3.4 Configuration to Enable Sourcing in the SAP
Ariba Realm
8.4 Quote Message and Award
Integration
8.5 Contract Line-Item Integration
8.6 Scheduling Agreements
8.7 Summary

9 SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle

and Performance

9.1 Standalone SAP Ariba Supplier

Lifecycle and Performance
9.2 SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and
Performance in the Context of Sourcing
and Procurement Solutions
9.3 Prerequisites, Supported Versions,
and Limitations
9.3.1 Prerequisites
9.3.2 Supported Versions and SAP Master Data
Governance Business Functions
9.3.3 Limitations
9.4 Configuring SAP ERP
9.4.1 Defining the Business System
9.4.2 Defining the Replication Model
9.4.3 Activating Inbound and Confirmation
Request Interfaces
9.4.4 Autoreplication to SAP Ariba Supplier
Lifecycle and Performance
9.4.5 Defining Filter Criteria
9.5 Configuring SAP Ariba Supplier
Lifecycle and Performance
9.6 Implementing Enhancements
9.7 Testing Shortcuts
9.8 Troubleshooting
9.9 Summary
10 Business Add-In
Implementation and
Customization

10.1 SAP Business Network

Transactions
10.2 SAP Strategic Sourcing Solutions
10.3 SAP Ariba Procurement
10.4 Custom Mappings
10.4.1 Custom Mapping for SAP Ariba IDoc Types
10.4.2 Custom Mappings for Proxy Structures
10.4.3 Enhancement to Extension Structures for
SAP Ariba Solutions
10.5 Summary

A Migrating from SAP Ariba

Cloud Integration to SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway

A.1 Premigration Activities

 A.1.1 Securing Inbound Transfers from SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway to the SAP Backend
System
A.1.2 Maintaining Certificates
A.1.3 Migrating Master Data and Catalogs
A.1.4 Migrating the Invoice Status Update
Transaction
A.1.5 Migrating the Product Activity Message
Transaction
A.1.6 Migrating the Purchase Order Transaction
A.1.7 Migrating the Advance Payment Transaction
A.2 Migration Activities
A.2.1 Migrating Data to New Database Tables
A.2.2 Migrating Transaction Configuration
A.2.3 Migrating SAP Ariba Business Add-Ins
A.2.4 Migration Report for the SAP Ariba Cloud
Integration File Integration When TLC Is Not
Enabled
A.3 Postmigration Activities
A.3.1 Modifying Partner Profile Settings
A.3.2 Configuring Event Linkages
A.3.3 Configuring Logical Ports and Service
Names
A.3.4 Migrating Transactions
A.3.5 Creating Table Map Values
A.4 Modifications to Supported
Transactions
A.5 Additional Configuration Activities
A.6 Summary

B Troubleshooting

B.1 SAP Ariba Cloud Integration

Gateway Troubleshooting
B.2 Connection Errors
B.3 Master Data-Related Errors
B.4 Transaction-Based Errors

The Authors

Contributor

Index
Service Pages
Legal Notes
1 Introduction

This book is intended to guide solution architects, technical

leads, and consultants with step-by-step instructions on
installing SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway. You’ll learn
how to configure and integrate SAP Ariba applications and SAP
Business Network with your SAP ERP and SAP S/4HANA
backend systems.

SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway provides out of the box

integration between SAP ERP and SAP S/4HANA; SAP Ariba solutions
(SAP Ariba Procurement, SAP Ariba Sourcing, SAP Ariba Contracts,
SAP Supplier Lifecycle Management, etc.); and SAP Business
Network. You can configure the integration of some or all supported
master data and transactional data interfaces, from purchase
requisitions to remittances, from an SAP ERP backend to SAP Ariba
solutions or to SAP Business Network. Integrations are either
performed via IDocs or through asynchronous webservice-based
integration except for few integrations, like the budget check and
close order interfaces from SAP Ariba Procurement. Integration with
SAP Business Network is mix of IDocs and asynchronous
webservices whereas SAP Ariba solution integration is a purely
webservice-based integration.
You can integrate your backend SAP ERP with SAP Ariba solutions or
SAP Business Network via SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway. This
solution acts as middleware, where raw data from a source system is
translated into a format that a destination system can consume and
process. Data is transmitted via the SOAP over HTTPS protocol.

Our integration guide provides detailed information on configuring

different interfaces, including the names of relevant webservices,
and information on how and where to implement the business add-
ins (BAdIs) provided by the SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway.
This book will provide an in-depth understanding of configuring and
enhancing SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway. In this chapter,
we’ll start with an overview of SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway,
then discuss the different enterprise resource planning (ERP)
systems that SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway supports. We’ll
also cover SAP Business Network and SAP Ariba solutions that work
with SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway. Finally, we’ll cover the
basic architecture of these connected systems.

1.1 SAP Ariba Cloud Integration

Gateway
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway has two parts: First, SAP
Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP) is where all messaging,
data mapping, and transformations occur, while the SAP Ariba Cloud
Integration Gateway user interface (UI) includes a configuration
wizard for creating projects and custom mappings, a central test
capability, and monitoring capabilities. SAP Ariba Cloud Integration
Gateway is built on SAP Integration Suite, itself built on top of SAP
BTP.

In the following sections, we’ll discuss SAP Ariba Cloud Integration

features, as well as how SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway was
developed and its software components. Then, we’ll explore how
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway is different from SAP
Integration Suite.

1.1.1 Features
Some features of SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway include the
following:
Project wizard
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway provides a user-friendly
wizard to create, test, and implement projects.
Mapping repository
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway provides standard mappings
for each interface, which are applicable for all customers, and also
includes the ability to add customer-specific custom mappings.
Connect once
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway provides a feature for a
creating connection to a backend system that can be reused for
multiple projects, like SAP Ariba Procurement, SAP Ariba Sourcing,
or SAP Business Network.
Easy deployment
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway provides features for easily
deploying a project to production when you’re done with testing
and verification.
Single sign-on
You can access SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway directly from
SAP Ariba applications or from SAP Business Network.
Transaction tracker
From the SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway UI, you can track
 all transaction integrations and their statuses with filtering and
downloading capabilities.
Custom routing
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway features a capability to route
an integration flow to multiple endpoints based on the content of
message, known as content-based routing.
Authentication mode
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway supports basic
authentication as well as certificate-based authentication before
exchanging data.

1.1.2 SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway

SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway was developed on top of SAP
ERP and SAP S/4HANA. Multiple software components fall under this
solution, such as the following:
SAP ERP
ARBCI1 100: This basic software component contains most of
the functionality for SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway. Since
this software component was developed on SAP ERP 6.0
Enhancement Package (EHP) 0, to install this component, your
ERP system should be SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 0 or above.
ARBCI2 100: This software component contains only the
integration interface for quote messages (contract creation)
related to sourcing and contracts. ARBCI2 100 is dependent on
the ARBCI1 100 software component. Since this software
component was developed on SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 4, to install this
this component, your ERP system should be SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 4
or above.
 ARBCIGR 100: This software component caters to retail-related
integrations only. Since this software component was developed
on SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 0, to install ARBCIGR 100, your ERP
system should be SAP ERP 6.0 EHP 0 or above. ARBCI1 100
SP01 and EA-RETAIL EHP 0 SP22 are prerequisites for installing
ARBCIGR 100.
SAP S/4HANA
ARBCI1 10S: This basic software component contains most of
the integration functionality.
ARBCI2 10S: This software component contains only the
integration interface for quote messages (contract creation)
related to sourcing and contracts. ARBCI1 10S is a prerequisite
for installing ARBCI2 10S.
ARBCIGR 10S: This software component caters to retail-related
integration only. ARBCI1 10S is prerequisite for installing
ARBCIGR 10S.

1.1.3 SAP Integration Suite versus SAP Ariba

Cloud Integration Gateway
Before 2018, SAP Ariba provided transports under the /ARBA/
namespace, which contained all integration objects, including a .tpz
file for SAP Process Integration mapping. Previously, you would
import these integration objects from your SAP ERP and SAP Process
Integration system, which was called SAP Ariba Cloud Integration.
Maintaining and upgrading the SAP Ariba Cloud Integration code was
not in keeping with SAP standards and required effort on the
customer side to maintain, upgrade, or enhance the interface.
Then, SAP decided to deliver SAP Ariba integration via SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway. This solution was developed in
accordance with SAP standards and can be purchased from SAP
Support Portal. SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway also supports
the SAP standard Transactions SPAU and SPDD for upgrading to the
latest support packages. SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway was
also developed on SAP Integration Suite to eliminate the need for an
SAP Process Integration system. SAP Ariba Cloud Integration
Gateway includes mapping, routing, and testing capabilities and
much more.

SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway provides out of the box

capabilities to migrate from the latest version of SAP Integration
Suite to SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway, Several predefined
migration steps must be followed, accessed via SAP Ariba Cloud
Integration Gateway’s area menu when migrating from SAP
Integration Suite to SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway.
1.2 Supported SAP ERP Systems
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway can be installed on SAP ERP
6.0 or SAP S/4HANA. Supported versions across multiple systems
include the following:
SAP ERP
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway supports the following
versions of SAP ERP systems:
SAP ERP (SAP_BASIS 700 SP27 is the Basis version for all
subsequent SAP ERP versions)
SAP EHP 0 for SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP_APPL 600 SP22)
SAP EHP 2 for SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP_APPL 602 SP12)
SAP EHP 3 for SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP_APPL 603 SP11)
SAP EHP 4 for SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP_APPL 604 SP12)
SAP EHP 5 for SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP_APPL 605 SP09)
SAP EHP 6 for SAP ERP 6.0 with a non-SAP HANA database
(SAP_APPL 606 SP05)
SAP EHP 6 for SAP ERP 6.0 with an SAP HANA database
(SAP_APPL 606 minimum supported version)
SAP EHP 7 for SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP_APPL 617 minimum supported
version)
SAP EHP 8 for SAP ERP 6.0 (SAP_APPL 618 minimum supported
version)
SAP S/4HANA
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway supports the following
versions of SAP S/4HANA systems:
SAP S/4HANA, on-premise edition 2020
SAP S/4HANA, on-premise edition 1909
SAP S/4HANA, on-premise edition 1809
SAP S/4HANA, on-premise edition 1709
SAP S/4HANA, on-premise edition 1610
Transport layer security (TLS)
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway requires the minimum
version, TLS 1.2.
SAP Process Integration
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway supports the following SAP
Process Integration versions:
SAP Process Integration 7.1
SAP Process Integration 7.3
SAP Process Integration 7.4
SAP Process Integration 7.5
1.3 Supported SAP Ariba Solutions
and SAP Business Network
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway supports integration with SAP
Business Network and SAP Ariba applications. In the following
sections, we’ll cover the document flow for various processes in SAP
Business Network and in various SAP Ariba applications, including
SAP Ariba Buying and Invoicing, SAP Ariba Sourcing, SAP Ariba
Contracts, and SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and Performance.

1.3.1 SAP Business Network

Integration with SAP Business Network is supported by a
combination of IDocs and webservices. All integrations are
asynchronous. Several flavors of SAP Business Network integration
are available via SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway such as the
following:
SAP Ariba Commerce Automation
SAP Ariba Commerce Automation is pure purchase order (PO)
collaboration. Figure 1.1 shows the data flow for commerce
 automation on SAP Business Network. You can choose to integrate
all transactions or only a subset of transactions.

Figure 1.1 SAP Ariba Commerce Automation Document Flow

SAP Ariba Supply Chain Collaboration for Buyers

Several capabilities exist within SAP Ariba Supply Chain
Collaboration for Buyers:
Quality inspection: Figure 1.2 shows document flow for quality
inspections.

Figure 1.2 Quality Inspection Flow

Quality notifications: Two types are available: buyer initiated

and supplier initiated. Figure 1.3 shows the document flow for
buyer-initiated quality notifications.

Figure 1.3 Quality Notification Flow

Supplier-managed inventory process: Figure 1.4 shows the data

flow for supplier-managed inventory.

Figure 1.4 Supplier-Managed Inventory Flow

Subcontracting collaboration: Figure 1.5 shows the data flow for

subcontracting collaboration.

Figure 1.5 Subcontracting Collaboration Document Flow

Consignment collaboration: Figure 1.6 shows data flow for

 consignment collaboration.

Figure 1.6 Consignment Collaboration Document Flow

SAP Ariba Discount Management

SAP Ariba Discount Management allows buyers to prepay a
supplier and receive a discount for prepayment. The data flow
remains same from PO to invoice: Once an invoice is created, the
buyer creates a payment proposal and sends it to the supplier. In
response, the supplier sends a PayMeNow document indicating an
early payment date and a discount. PayMeNow updates the
payment date and the discount amount in the accounting
document in the buyer’s ERP system, provided that the accounting
document is not yet cleared. At the end, the buyer can register
early payments. Figure 1.7 shows the document flow for SAP
Ariba Discount Management.

Figure 1.7 SAP Ariba Discount Management Document Flow

1.3.2 SAP Ariba Buying and Invoicing
Integration with SAP Buying and Invoicing is supported via
webservices. Most integrations are asynchronous, except a few like
the budget check and PO close integration, which are synchronous.
Figure 1.8 shows the document flow for the integration between SAP
Ariba Buying and Invoicing and SAP ERP/SAP S/4HANA via SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway.

Figure 1.8 SAP Ariba Buying and Invoicing Data Flow

1.3.3 SAP Ariba Sourcing and SAP Ariba

Contracts
Integrating SAP Ariba Sourcing and SAP Ariba Contracts with SAP
ERP/SAP S/4HANA enables users/buyers to identify various sources
of supply for a purchase requisition.

For example, a purchase requisition is created in SAP ERP/SAP

S/4HANA and then transmitted to SAP Ariba Sourcing via SAP
Business Network. Then, bidding on the request for quotation is
performed, and the supplier with the best bid is awarded within SAP
Ariba Sourcing. A PO with reference to the request for quotation is
then created in the backend of the SAP ERP/SAP S/4HANA system.
Buyers can also create contracts from the quotes sent from SAP
Ariba Sourcing to SAP ERP/SAP S/4HANA. Figure 1.9 shows the
document flow integrating SAP Ariba Sourcing and SAP Ariba
Contracts with SAP ERP/SAP S/4HANA via SAP Ariba Cloud
Integration Gateway.

Figure 1.9 Strategic Sourcing Data Flow

1.3.4 SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and

Performance
SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and Performance is one of SAP Ariba’s
software as a service (SaaS) modules and facilitates a 360-degree
view of supplier profiles. This solution streamlines various processes,
from onboarding to integration with SAP ERP systems, to managing
supplier profiles for updates and deletions. In this book, we’ll focus
on integration aspects and prerequisites and explore how SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway can be configured and installed. There
are SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and Performance-specific
prerequisites that must be completed first, such as include finalizing
supplier registration templates, modular questions, etc. An SAP Ariba
Supplier Lifecycle and Performance functional consultant is
responsible for helping you design and capture the required
questionnaire and for finalizing all required templates. Figure 1.10
shows the data flow for SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and
Performance.

Figure 1.10 SAP Ariba Supplier Lifecycle and Performance Data Flow
1.4 Basic Architecture with
Connected Systems
Out of the box integration for SAP ERP/SAP S/4HANA with SAP Ariba
applications and SAP Business Network is supported via SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway. In this architecture, your ERP system
resides inside a demilitarized zone (DMZ). Inside the DMZ, you
would install the cloud connector to integrate inbound flows from
SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway to SAP ERP/SAP S/4HANA.
With the cloud connector, direct integration from SAP ERP/SAP
S/4HANA to SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway is possible, and
the cloud connector is used only for integration from SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway to SAP ERP/SAP S/4HANA. SAP Ariba
Cloud Integration Gateway transforms data and acts as an
orchestration tool for the connected SAP Ariba applications and for
SAP Business Network. The basic integration architecture is shown in
Figure 1.11. The solution also supports integration with mediated
connectivity via SAP Process Integration and SAP Process
Orchestration or via SAP Integration Suite.

Figure 1.11 SAP Ariba Cloud Integration Gateway: Basic Integration

Architecture
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
correspondent’s; nor that without help from children who, though not
mine, have been cared for as if they were.

Secondly; my correspondent tells me that my duty is to stay at home,

instead of dating from places which are a dream of delight to her,
and which, therefore, she concludes, must be a reality of delight to
me.

She will know better after reading this extract from [15]my last year’s
diary; (worth copying, at any rate, for other persons interested in
republican Italy). “Florence, 20th September, 1874.—Tour virtually
ended for this year. I leave Florence to-day, thankfully, it being now a
place of torment day and night for all loving, decent, or industrious
people; for every face one meets is full of hatred and cruelty; and the
corner of every house is foul; and no thoughts can be thought in it,
peacefully, in street, or cloister, or house, any more. And the last
verses I read, of my morning’s readings, are Esdras II., xv. 16, 17 ↗️:
‘For there shall be sedition among men, and invading one another;
they shall not regard their kings nor princes, and the course of their
actions shall stand in their power. A man shall desire to go into the
city, and shall not be able.’ ”

What is said here of Florence is now equally true of every great city
of France or Italy; and my correspondent will be perhaps contented
with me when she knows that only last Sunday I was debating with a
very dear friend whether I might now be justified in indulging my
indolence and cowardice by staying at home among my plants and
minerals, and forsaking the study of Italian art for ever. My friend
would fain have it so; and my correspondent shall tell me her
opinion, after she knows—and I will see that she has an opportunity
of knowing—what work I have done in Florence, and propose to do,
if I can be brave enough.
Thirdly; my correspondent doubts the sincerity of my [16]abuse of
railroads because she suspects I use them. I do so constantly, my
dear lady; few men more. I use everything that comes within reach of
me. If the devil were standing at my side at this moment, I should
endeavour to make some use of him as a local black. The wisdom of
life is in preventing all the evil we can; and using what is inevitable,
to the best purpose. I use my sicknesses, for the work I despise in
health; my enemies, for study of the philosophy of benediction and
malediction; and railroads, for whatever I find of help in them—
looking always hopefully forward to the day when their embankments
will be ploughed down again, like the camps of Rome, into our
English fields. But I am perfectly ready even to construct a railroad,
when I think one necessary; and in the opening chapter of ‘Munera
Pulveris’ my correspondent will find many proper uses for steam
machinery specified. What is required of the members of St.
George’s Company is, not that they should never travel by railroads,
nor that they should abjure machinery; but that they should never
travel unnecessarily, or in wanton haste; and that they should never
do with a machine what can be done with hands and arms, while
hands and arms are idle.

Lastly, my correspondent feels it unjust to be required to make

clothes, while she is occupied in the rearing of those who will require
them.

Admitting (though the admission is one for which I do not say that I
am prepared) that it is the patriotic [17]duty of every married couple to
have as large a family as possible, it is not from the happy
Penelopes of such households that I ask—or should think of asking
—the labour of the loom. I simply require that when women belong to
the St. George’s Company they should do a certain portion of useful
work with their hands, if otherwise their said fair hands would be idle;
and if on those terms I find sufficient clothing cannot be produced, I
will use factories for them,—only moved by water, not steam.

My answer, as thus given, is, it seems to me, sufficient; and I can

farther add to its force by assuring my correspondent that I shall
never ask any member of St. George’s Company to do more, in
relation to his fortune and condition, than I have already done
myself. Nevertheless, it will be found by any reader who will take the
trouble of reference, that in recent letters I have again and again
intimated the probable necessity, before the movement could be
fairly set on foot, of more energetic action and example, towards
which both my thoughts and circumstances seem gradually leading
me; and, in that case, I shall trustfully look to the friends who accuse
me of cowardice in doing too little, for defence against the, I believe,
too probable imputations impending from others, of folly in doing too
much. [19]

[Contents]

NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE.

I. I hope my kind correspondent will pardon my publication of the

following letter, which gives account of an exemplary life, and puts
questions which many desire to have answered.

“My dear Mr. Ruskin,—I do not know if you have forgotten me, for it
is a long time since I wrote to you; but you wrote so kindly to me
before, that I venture to bring myself before you again, more
especially as you write to me (among others) every month, and I
want to answer something in these letters.
“I do answer your letters (somewhat combatively) every month in my
mind, but all these months I have been waiting for an hour of
sufficient strength and leisure, and have found it now for the first
time. A family of eleven children, through a year of much illness, and
the birth of another child in May, have not left me much strength for
pleasure, such as this is.

“Now a little while ago, you asked reproachfully of Englishwomen in

general, why none of them had joined St. George’s Company. I can
only answer for myself, and I have these reasons.

“First. Being situated as I am, and as doubtless many others are

more or less, I cannot join it. In my actions I am subject first to my
husband, and then to my family. Any one who is entirely free cannot
judge how impossible it is to make inelastic and remote rules apply
to all the ever-varying and incalculable changes and accidents and
personalities of life. They are a [20]disturbing element to us
visionaries, which I have been forced to acknowledge and submit to,
but which you have not. Having so many to consider and consult, it
is all I can do to get through the day’s work; I am obliged to take
things as I find them, and do the best I can, in haste; and I might
constantly be breaking rules, and not able to help it, and indeed I
should not have time to think about it. I do not want to be hampered
more than I am. I am not straitened for money; but most people with
families are so more or less, and this is another element of difficulty.

“Secondly. Although I do not want to be further bound by rules, I

believe that as regards principles I am a member of St. George’s
Company already; and I do not like to make any further profession
which would seem to imply a renunciation of the former errors of my
way, and the beginning of a new life. I have never been conscious of
any other motives or course of life than those which you advocate;
and my children and all around me do not know me in any other
light; and I find a gradual and unconscious conformation to them
growing up round me, though I have no sort of teaching faculty. I
cannot tell how much of them I owe to you, for some of your writings
which fell in my way when I was very young made a deep impression
on me, and I grew up embued with their spirit; but certainly I cannot
now profess it for the first time.

“Thirdly (and this is wherein I fear to offend you), I will join St.
George’s Company whenever you join it yourself. Please pardon me
for saying that I appear to be more a member of it than you are. My
life is strictly bound and ruled, and within those lines I live. Above all
things, you urge our duties to the land, the common earth of our
country. It seems to me that the first duty any one owes to his
country is to live in it. I go further, and maintain that every one is
bound to have a home, and live in that. You speak of the duty of
acquiring, if possible, [21]and cultivating, the smallest piece of
ground. But, (forgive the question,) where is your house and your
garden? I know you have got places, but you do not stay there.
Almost every month you date from some new place, a dream of
delight to me; and all the time I am stopping at home, labouring to
improve the place I live at, to keep the lives entrusted to me, and to
bring forth other lives in the agony and peril of my own. And when I
read your reproaches, and see where they date from, I feel as a
soldier freezing in the trenches before Sebastopol might feel at
receiving orders from a General who was dining at his club in
London. If you would come and see me in May, I could show you as
pretty a little garden of the spade as any you ever saw, made on the
site of an old rubbish heap, where seven tiny pairs of hands and feet
have worked like fairies. Have you got a better one to show me? For
the rest of my garden I cannot boast; because out-of-door work or
pleasure is entirely forbidden me by the state of my health.
“Again, I agree with you in your dislike of railroads, but I suspect you
use them, and sometimes go on them. I never do. I obey these laws
and others, with whatever inconvenience or privation they may
involve; but you do not; and that makes me revolt when you scold
us.

“Again, I cannot, as you suggest, grow, spin, and weave the linen for
myself and family. I have enough to do to get the clothes made. If
you would establish factories where we could get pure woven cotton,
linen, and woollen, I would gladly buy them there; and that would be
a fair division of labour. It is not fair that the more one does, the more
should be required of one.

“You see you are like a clergyman in the pulpit in your books: you
can scold the congregation, and they cannot answer; behold the
congregation begins to reply; and I only hope you will forgive me.

“Believe me,

“Yours very truly.”

[22]

II. It chances, I see, while I print my challenge to the Bishop of my

University, that its neighbouring clergymen are busy in expressing to
him their thanks and compliments. The following address is worth
preserving. I take it from the ‘Morning Post’ of December 16, and
beneath it have placed an article from the ‘Telegraph’ of the following
day, describing the results of clerical and episcopal teaching of an
orthodox nature in Liverpool, as distinguished from ‘Doctor’
Colenso’s teaching in Africa.
“The Inhibition of Bishop Colenso.—The clergy of the rural
deanery of Witney, Oxford, numbering thirty-four, together with the
rural dean (the Rev. F. M. Cunningham), have subscribed their
names to the following circular, which has been forwarded to the
Bishop of Oxford:—‘To the Right Rev. Father in God, John Fielder,
by Divine permission Lord Bishop of Oxford.—We, the undersigned
clergy of the rural deanery of Witney, in your Lordship’s diocese, beg
respectfully to offer to your Lordship our cordial sympathy under the
painful circumstances in which you have been placed by the
invitation to the Right Rev. Dr. Colenso to preach in one of the
churches in your diocese. Your firm and spontaneous refusal to
permit Dr. Colenso to preach will be thankfully accepted by all
consistent members of our Church as a protest much needed in
these times against the teaching of one who has grievously offended
many consciences, and has attempted as far as in him lay to injure
the “faith which was delivered to the saints.” 4 That your Lordship
may long be spared to defend the truth, is the prayer of your
Lordship’s obedient and attached clergy.’ ”

III. “Something startling in the way of wickedness is needed to

astonish men who, like our Judges, see and hear the periodical
[23]crop of crime gathered in at Assizes; yet in two great cities of
England, on Tuesday, expressions of amazement, shame, and
disgust fell from the seat of Justice. At York, Mr. Justice Denman was
driven to utter a burst of just indignation at the conduct of certain
people in his court, who grinned and tittered while a witness in a
disgraceful case was reluctantly repeating some indelicate language.
‘Good God!’ exclaimed his Lordship, ‘is this a Christian country? Let
us at least have decency in courts of justice. One does not come to
be amused by filth which one is obliged to extract in cases that
defame the land.’ At Liverpool a sterner declaration of judicial anger
was made, with even stronger cause. Two cases of revolting
barbarism were tried by Mr. Justice Mellor—one of savage violence
towards a man, ending in murder; the other of outrage upon a
woman, so unspeakably shameful and horrible that the difficulty is
how to convey the facts without offending public decency. In the first,
a gang of men at Liverpool set upon a porter named Richard
Morgan, who was in the company of his wife and brother, and
because he did not instantly give them sixpence to buy beer they
kicked him completely across the street, a distance of thirty feet, with
such ferocity, in spite of all the efforts made to save him by the wife
and brother, that the poor man was dead when he was taken up.
And during this cruel and cowardly scene the crowd of bystanders
not only did not attempt to rescue the victim, but hounded on his
murderers, and actually held back the agonized wife and the brave
brother from pursuing the homicidal wretches. Three of them were
placed at the bar on trial for their lives, and convicted; nor would we
intervene with one word in their favour, though that word might save
their vile necks. This case might appear bad enough to call forth the
utmost wrath of Justice; but the second, heard at the same time and
place, was yet more hideous. A tramp-woman, drunk, and wet to the
skin with rain, was going along a road near Burnley, in company with
a navvy, [24]who by-and-by left her helpless at a gate. Two out of a
party of young colliers coming from work found her lying there, and
they led her into a field. They then sent a boy named Slater to fetch
the remaining eight of their band, and, having thus gathered many
spectators, two of them certainly, and others of the number in all
probability, outraged the hapless creature, leaving her after this
infernal treatment in such plight that next day she was found lying
dead in the field. The two in question—Durham, aged twenty, and
Shepherd, aged sixteen—were arraigned for murder; but that charge
was found difficult to make good, and the minor indictment for rape
was alone pressed against them. Of the facts there was little or no
doubt; and it may well be thought that in stating them we have
accomplished the saddest portion of our duty to the public.
“But no! to those who have learned how to measure human nature,
we think what followed will appear the more horrible portion of the
trial—if more horrible could be. With a strange want of insight, the
advocate for these young men called up the companions of their
atrocity to swear—what does the public expect?—to swear that they
did not think the tramp woman was ill-used, nor that what was done
was wrong. Witness after witness, present at the time, calmly
deposed to his personal view of the transaction in words like those of
William Bracewell, a collier, aged nineteen. Between this precious
specimen of our young British working man and the Bench, the
following interchange of questions and answers passed. ‘You did not
think there was anything wrong in it?’—‘No.’ ‘Do you mean to tell me
that you did not think there was anything wrong in outraging a
drunken woman?’—‘She never said nothing.’ ‘You repeat you think
there was nothing wrong—that there was no harm in a lot of fellows
outraging a drunken woman: is that your view of the thing?’—‘Yes.’
And, in reply to further questions by Mr. Cottingham, this fellow
Bracewell said he [25]only ‘thought the matter a bit of fun. None of
them interfered to protect the woman.’ Then the boy Slater, who was
sent to bring up the laggards, was asked what he thought of his
errand. Like the others, ‘he hadn’t seen anything very wrong in it.’ At
this point the Judge broke forth, in accents which may well ring
through England. His Lordship indignantly exclaimed: ‘I want to know
how it is possible in a Christian country like this that there should be
such a state of feeling, even among boys of thirteen, sixteen, and
eighteen years of age. It is outrageous. If there are missionaries
wanted to the heathen, there are heathens in England who require
teaching a great deal more than those abroad.’ (Murmurs of ‘Hear
hear,’ from the jury-box, and applause in court.) His Lordship
continued: ‘Silence! It is quite shocking to hear boys of this age
come up and say these things.’ How, indeed, is it possible? that is
the question which staggers one. Murder there will be—
manslaughter, rape, burglary, theft, are all unfortunately recurring
and common crimes in every community. Nothing in the supposed
nature of ‘Englishmen’ can be expected to make our assizes maiden,
and our gaol deliveries blank. But there was thought to be something
in the blood of the race which would somehow serve to keep us from
seeing a Liverpool crowd side with a horde of murderers against
their victim, or a gang of Lancashire lads making a ring to see a
woman outraged to death. A hundred cases nowadays tell us to
discard that idle belief; if it ever was true, it is true no longer. The
most brutal, the most cowardly, the most pitiless, the most barbarous
deeds done in the world, are being perpetrated by the lower classes
of the English people—once held to be by their birth, however lowly,
generous, brave, merciful, and civilized. In all the pages of Dr.
Livingstone’s experience among the negroes of Africa, there is no
single instance approaching this Liverpool story, in savagery of mind
and [26]body, in bestiality of heart and act. Nay, we wrong the lower
animals by using that last word: the foulest among the beasts which
perish is clean, the most ferocious gentle, matched with these
Lancashire pitmen, who make sport of the shame and slaying of a
woman, and blaspheme nature in their deeds, without even any plea
whatever to excuse their cruelty.”

The clergy may vainly exclaim against being made responsible for
this state of things. They, and chiefly their Bishops, are wholly
responsible for it; nay, are efficiently the causes of it, preaching a
false gospel for hire. But, putting all questions of false or true
gospels aside, suppose that they only obeyed St. Paul’s plain order
in 1st Corinthians v. 11 ↗️. Let them determine as distinctly what
covetousness and extortion are in the rich, as what drunkenness is,
in the poor. Let them refuse, themselves, and order their clergy to
refuse, to go out to dine with such persons; and still more positively
to allow such persons to sup at God’s table. And they would soon
know what fighting wolves meant; and something more of their own
pastoral duty than they learned in that Consecration Service, where
they proceeded to follow the example of the Apostles in Prayer, but
carefully left out the Fasting. [27]

[Contents]

Accounts.

The following Subscriptions have come in since I made out the list in
the December number; but that list is still incomplete, as I cannot be
sure of some of the numbers till I have seen my Brantwood note-
book:—

£ s. d.
31. “In Memoriam” 5 0 0
32. (The tenth of a tenth) 1 1 0
33. Gift 20 0 0
34. An Old Member of the Working Men’s College-Gift 5 0 0
35. H. T. S 9 0 0
36. 5 0 0
7. Second Donation 5 0 0
15. 5 0 0
,, ,,
£ 55 1 0

[29]

Seven thousand to St. George’s Company; five, for establishment of Mastership

1
in Drawing in the Oxford Schools; two, and more, in the series of drawings
placed in those schools to secure their efficiency. ↑
 Lamentations v. 13 ↗️. ↑
2
As distinguished, that is to say, from other members of the Church. All are
3
priests, as all are kings; but the kingly function exists apart: the priestly, not
so. The subject is examined at some length, and with a clearness [9]which I cannot
mend, in my old pamphlet on the ‘Construction of Sheepfolds,’ which I will
presently reprint. See also Letter XIII., in ‘Time and Tide.’ ↑
I append a specimen of the conduct of the Saints to whom our English
4
clergymen have delivered the Faith. ↑
[Contents]
FORS CLAVIGERA.
 LETTER L.

A friend, in whose judgment I greatly trust, remonstrated sorrowfully

with me, the other day, on the desultory character of Fors; and
pleaded with me for the writing of an arranged book instead.

But he might as well plead with a birch-tree growing out of a crag, to

arrange its boughs beforehand. The winds and floods will arrange
them according to their wild liking; all that the tree has to do, or can
do, is to grow gaily, if it may be; sadly, if gaiety be impossible; and let
the black jags and scars rend the rose-white of its trunk where Fors
shall choose.

But I can well conceive how irritating it must be to any one chancing
to take special interest in any one part of my subject—the life of
Scott for instance,—to find me, or lose me, wandering away from it
for a year or two; and sending roots into new ground in every
direction: or (for my friend taxed me with this graver error also)
needlessly re-rooting myself in the old.

And, all the while, some kindly expectant people are [30]waiting for
‘details of my plan.’ In the presentment of which, this main difficulty
still lets me; that, if I told them, or tried to help them definitely to
conceive, the ultimate things I aim at, they would at once throw the
book down as hopelessly Utopian; but if I tell them the immediate
things I aim at, they will refuse to do those instantly possible things,
because inconsistent with the present vile general system. For
instance—I take (see Letter V ↗️.) Wordsworth’s single line,

“We live by admiration, hope, and love,”

for my literal guide, in all education. My final object, with every child
born on St. George’s estates, will be to teach it what to admire, what
to hope for, and what to love: but how far do you suppose the steps
necessary to such an ultimate aim are immediately consistent with
what Messrs. Huxley and Co. call ‘Secular education’? Or with what
either the Bishop of Oxford, or Mr. Spurgeon, would call ‘Religious
education’?

What to admire, or wonder at! Do you expect a child to wonder at—

being taught that two and two make four—(though if only its masters
had the sense to teach that, honestly, it would be something)—or at
the number of copies of nasty novels and false news a steam-engine
can print for its reading?

What to hope? Yes, my secular friends—What? That it shall be the

richest shopman in the street; and be buried with black feathers
enough over its coffin? [31]

What to love—Yes, my ecclesiastical friends, and who is its

neighbour, think you? Will you meet these three demands of mine
with your three Rs, or your catechism?

And how would I meet them myself? Simply by never, so far as I

could help it, letting a child read what is not worth reading, or see
what is not worth seeing; and by making it live a life which, whether it
will or no, shall enforce honourable hope of continuing long in the
land—whether of men or God.

And who is to say what is worth reading, or worth seeing? sneer the
Republican mob. Yes, gentlemen, you who never knew a good thing
from a bad, in all your lives, may well ask that!

Let us try, however, in such a simple thing as a child’s book.

Yesterday, in the course of my walk, I went into a shepherd-farmer’s
cottage, to wish whoever might be in the house a happy new year.
His wife was at home, of course; and his little daughter, Agnes, nine
years old; both as good as gold, in their way.

The cottage is nearly a model of those which I shall expect the

tenants of St. George’s Company, and its active members, to live in;
—the entire building, parlour, and kitchen, (in this case one, but not
necessarily so,) bedrooms and all, about the size of an average
dining-room in Grosvenor Place or Park Lane. The conversation
naturally turning to Christmas doings and havings,—and I, as an
author, of course inquiring whether Agnes had [32]any new books,
Agnes brought me her library—consisting chiefly in a good pound’s
weight of the literature which cheap printing enables the pious to
make Christmas presents of for a penny. A full pound, or it might be,
a pound and a half, of this instruction, full of beautiful sentiments,
woodcuts, and music. More woodcuts in the first two ounces of it I
took up, than I ever had. to study in the first twelve years of my life.
Splendid woodcuts, too, in the best Kensington style, and rigidly on
the principles of high, and commercially remunerative, art, taught by
Messrs. Redgrave, Cole, and Company.

Somehow, none of these seem to have interested little Agnes, or

been of the least good to her. Her pound and a half of the best of the
modern pious and picturesque is (being of course originally
boardless) now a crumpled and variously doubled-up heap, brought
down in a handful, or lapful, rather; most of the former insides of the
pamphlets being now the outsides; and every form of dog’s ear,
puppy’s ear, cat’s ear, kitten’s ear, rat’s ear, and mouse’s ear,
developed by the contortions of weary fingers at the corners of their
didactic and evangelically sibylline leaves. I ask if I may borrow one
to take home and read. Agnes is delighted; but undergoes no such
pang of care as a like request would have inflicted on my boyish
mind, and needed generous stifling of;—nay, had I asked to borrow
the whole heap, I am not sure whether Agnes’s first tacit sensation
would not have been one of deliverance.

Being very fond of pretty little girls, (not, by any [33]means, excluding
pretty—tall ones,) I choose, for my own reading, a pamphlet 1 which
has a picture of a beautiful little girl with long hair, lying very ill in bed,
with her mother putting up her forefinger at her brother, who is
crying, with a large tear on the side of his nose; and a legend
beneath: ‘Harry told his mother the whole story.’ The pamphlet has
been doubled up by Agnes right through the middle of the beautiful
little girl’s face, and no less remorselessly through the very middle of
the body of the ‘Duckling Astray,’ charmingly drawn by Mr. Harrison
Weir on the opposite leaf. But my little Agnes knows so much more
about real ducklings than the artist does, that her severity in this
case is not to be wondered at.

I carry my Children’s Prize penny’s-worth home to Brantwood, full of

curiosity to know “the whole story.” I find that this religious work is
edited by a Master of Arts—no less—and that two more woodcuts of
the most finished order are given to Harry’s story,—representing
Harry and the pretty little girl, (I suppose so, at least; but, alas, now
with her back turned to me,—the cuts came cheaper so,) dressed in
the extreme of fashion, down to her boots,—first running with Harry,
in snow, after a carriage, and then reclining against Harry’s shoulder
in a snowstorm.

I arrange my candles for small print, and proceed to read this richly
illustrated story.

Harry and his sister were at school together, it appears, [34]at

Salisbury; and their father’s carriage was sent, in a snowy day, to
bring them home for the holidays. They are to be at home by five;
and their mother has invited a children’s party at seven. Harry is
enjoined by his father, in the letter which conveys this information, to
remain inside the carriage, and not to go on the box.

Harry is a good boy, and does as he is bid; but nothing whatever is

said in the letter about not getting out of the carriage to walk up hills.
And at ‘two-mile hill’ Harry thinks it will be clever to get out and walk
up it, without calling to, or stopping, John on the box. Once out
himself, he gets Mary out;—the children begin snowballing each
other; the carriage leaves them so far behind that they can’t catch it;
a snowstorm comes on, etc., etc.; they are pathetically frozen within
a breath of their lives; found by a benevolent carter, just in time;
warmed by a benevolent farmer, the carter’s friend; restored to their
alarmed father and mother; and Mary has a rheumatic fever, “and for
a whole week it was not known whether she would live or die,” which
is the Providential punishment of Harry’s sin in getting out of the
carriage.

Admitting the perfect appositeness and justice of this Providential

punishment; I am, parenthetically, desirous to know of my
Evangelical friends, first, whether from the corruption of Harry’s
nature they could have expected anything better than his stealthily
getting out of the carriage to walk up the hill?—and, secondly,
whether [35]the merits of Christ, which are enough to save any
murderer or swindler from all the disagreeable consequences of
murder and swindling, in the next world, are not enough in this world,
if properly relied upon, to save a wicked little boy’s sister from
rheumatic fever? This, I say, I only ask parenthetically, for my own
information; my immediate business being to ask what effect this
story is intended to produce on my shepherd’s little daughter Agnes?

Intended to produce, I say: what effect it does produce, I can easily

ascertain; but what do the writer and the learned editor expect of it?
Or rather, to touch the very beginning of the inquiry, for what class of
child do they intend it? ‘For all classes,’ the enlightened editor and
liberal publisher doubtless reply. ‘Classes, indeed! In the glorious
liberty of the Future, there shall be none!’

Well, be it so; but in the inglorious slavery of the Past, it has

happened that my little Agnes’s father has not kept a carriage; that
Agnes herself has not often seen one, is not likely often to be in one,
and has seen a great deal too much snow, and had a great deal too
much walking in it, to be tempted out,—if she ever has the chance of
being driven in a carriage to a children’s party at seven,—to walk up
a hill on the road. Such is our benighted life in Westmoreland. In the
future, do my pious and liberal friends suppose that all little Agneses
are to drive in carriages? That is their [36]Utopia. Mine, so much
abused for its impossibility, is only that a good many little Agneses
who at present drive in carriages, shall have none.

Nay, but perhaps, the learned editor did not intend the story for
children ‘quite in Agnes’s position.’ For what sort did he intend it,
then? For the class of children whose fathers keep carriages, and
whose mothers dress their girls by the Paris modes, at three years
old? Very good; then, in families which keep carriages and footmen,
the children are supposed to think a book is a prize, which costs a
penny? Be that also so, in the Republican cheap world; but might not
the cheapeners print, when they are about it, prize poetry for their
penny? Here is the ‘Christmas Carol,’ set to music, accompanying
this moral story of the Snow.

“Hark, hark, the merry pealing,

List to the Christmas chime,
Every breath and every feeling
Hails the good old time;
Brothers, sisters, homeward speed,
All is mirth and play;