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Periodic Table & Periodicity in Properties - 1
Periodic Table & Periodicity in Properties - 1
Periodic Table & Periodicity in Properties - 1
in Properties RZK
SECTION – I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
1
(A) Ionisation energy Screening effect
(B) The first ionisation energies of Be and Mg are more than ionization energies of B and
Al respectively.
(C) Atomic and ionic radii of Niobium and Tantalum are almost same
(D) Metallic and covalent radii of potassium are 2.4Å and 2.03Å respectively.
1.22 Statement – 1: The electron gain enthalpies have large negative values to the upper right
of the periodic table preceding the noble gases.
Statement – 2 : (i) The effective nuclear charge increases from left to right across a period
and to consequently it will be easier to add an electron to a smaller atom since the added
electron on an average would be closer to the positively charged nucleus.
(A) Statement- 1 is True, Statement- 2 is True; Statement- 2 is a correct explanation for
Statement- 1.
(B) Statement- 1 is True, Statement- 2 is True; Statement- 2 is NOT a correct explanation
for Statement- 1.
(C) Statement- 1 is True, Statement- 2 is False.
(D) Statement- 1 is False, Statement- 2 is True.
Comprehension # 2
It is not possible to measure the atomic radius precisely since the electron cloud surrounding
the atom does not have a sharp boundary. One practical approach to estimate the size of
an atom of a non-metallic element is to measure the distance between two atoms when they
are bound together by a single bond in a covalent molecule and then dividing by two. For
metals we define the term “metallic radius” which is taken as half the internucleur distance
separating the metal cores in the metallic crystal. The van der waal’s radius represents the
over all size of the atoms which includes its valence shell in a non bonded situation. It is the
half of the distance between two similar atoms in separate molecules in a solid. The atomic
radius decreases across a period and increases down the group. Generally same trends
are observed in case of ionic radius. Ionic radius of the species having same number of
electrons depends on the number of protons in their nuclei.
1.32 The size of isoelectronic species – F-, Na+ and Mg2+ is effected by :
(A) nuclear charge
(B) valence principal quantum number (n)
(C) electron – electron interaction in the outer orbitals
(D) atomic mass
1.33 Atomic radii of the noble gases are larger than the precedent elements of the same periods
because:
(A) Atomic radii of the noble gases is expressed as van der Waal’s radius
(B) Valence shell electrons are completely filled so there is intereletronic repulsions.
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None
1.34 Which of the following statements is correct?
(A) Metallic radius refer to metals only and is greater than covalent radius
(B) Metallic radius refer to metals only and is smaller than covalent radius
(C) Generally covalent radius refer to non –metals as well as metals in bonded state
(Covalent bond).
(D) Atomic radii of noble gases are expressed as van der Waal’s radii which are smaller
than metallic radii.
Comprehension # 3
The first ( 1H1) and second ( 1H2) ionisation enthalpies (in kJ mol-1) and the (egH)
electron gain enthalpy (in kJ mol-1) of a few elements are given below:
Elements 1H1 1H2 egH
(A) P 520 7300 -60
(B) Q 419 3051 -48
(C) R 1681 3374 -328
(D) S 1008 1846 -295
(E) T 2372 5251 +48
(F) U 738 1451 -40
Comprehension # 4
The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated
gaseous atom is called as first ionization energy (IE1). Similarly the amount of energies
required to knock out second, third etc. electrons from the isolated gasesous cation are
called successive ionization energies and IE3 > IE2 > IE1.
(i) Nuclear charge (ii) atomic size (iii) penetration effect of the electrons (iv) shielding effect
of the inner extra stable) affect the ionisation energies.
On the other hand, the amount of energy released when a neutral isolated gaseous atom
accepts an extra electron to form gaseous anion is called electron affinity.
O(g) + e-
Exothermic
O–(g) ; Heg = -141 KJ mol-1 ———————————— (i)
O-(g) + e-
Endothemic
O2– (g) ; Heg = 780 KJ mol-1 ———————————— (ii)
In (ii) the energy has to be supplied for the addition of second electron due to electrostatic
repulsion between an anion and extra electron (same charged species). The electron affinity
of an element depends upon (i) atomic size (ii) nuclear charge & (iii) electronic configuration.
In general, ionisation energy and electron affinity increases as the atomic radii decreases
and nuclear charge increases across a period. In general, in a group, ionisation energy and
electron affinity decreases as the atomic size increases.
The members of third period of have some higher (e.g. S and Cl) electron affinity values
than the members of the second period (e.g. O and F) because second period elements
have very small atomic size. Hence there is a tendency of electron-electron repulsion,
which results in less evolution of energy in the formation of corresponding anion.
1.38 The first ionisation energies of Na, Mg, Al and Si are in the order of :
(A) Na < Mg > Al < Si (B) Na > Mg > Al > Si (C) Na < Mg < Al < Si (D) Na > Mg > Al < Si
1.41 Considering the elements F, Cl, O and N, the correct order of their electron affinity is :
(A) F> Cl > O > S (B) F > O > Cl > S (C) Cl > F > S > O (D) O > F > S > Cl
Comprehension # 5
The main group elements complete their electron configuration using s and p electrons in
the periodic table. These elements range from the most metallic to the most non-metallic,
with intermediate properties, the semi-metals, in between. The elements which occur at the
two extremes of the periodic table are highly reactive and therefore, these highly reactive
elements do not occur in free state ; they usually occur in the combined forms.
1.43 A compound (i.e. an oxide of metal) has an element in its lowest oxidation state.
Then it will be :
(A) highly acidic (B) highly basic (C) neutral (D) half acidic, half basic
1.44 Which of the following pairs show reverse properties on moving along a period from left to
right and from top to bottom in a group?
(A) Atomic radius and electron gain enthalpy (negative value)
(B) Nuclear charge and ionisation enthalpy
(C) Ionisation enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy (negative value)
(D) None of the above.
1.45 Match the values of ionisation energy and electron gain enthalpy listed in column I with
characteristic(s) of elements listed in column II.
Column – I Column – II
egin KJ mol )
-1
(A) 2372 5251 +48 (p) Elements which acts as a strong reducing agent
(B) 419 3051 -48 (q) Elements which exists as a monoatomic molecule.
(C) 1681 3374 -333 (r) Least reactive non-metal
(D) 1008 1846 -295 (s) Element which acts as strong oxidising agent
(t) Elements which oxide is a stronger basic in nature.
1.46 For each of the following orders as listed in Column-I pick the correct observation(s) listed
in Column-II.
Column – I Column – II
(A) C > N (p) More favourable (exothermic) electron affinity.
(B) Se > Br (q) The higher first ionization energy.
(C) Mg > K (r) The larger size.
(D) F > Cl (s) The higher electronegativity.
(t) The higher number of valence electrons.
1.47 Match the increasing order given in column I with the property(ies) given in column II.
Column – I Column – II
(A) Na+ < F- < O2< N3- (p) Electronegativity
(B) Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+ (q) Mobility of hydrated ions
(C) O < S < F < Cl (r) Ionic size
(D) Cl- < K+ < Ca2+ < Sc3+ (s) Electron affinity.
1.48 A metal has electronic configuration [Ar]18 3d7 4s2. On the basis of this electronic configuration
find out the group member.
1.49 Give the atomic number of the inert gas atom in which the total number of d-electrons is
equal to the difference in the number of total p- and s- electrons.
1.50 The successive ionization energies for an unknown element are :
IE1 = 889 KJ/mol ; IE2 = 1757 KJ/mol.
IE3 = 14,847 KJ/mol. ; IE4 = 17,948 KJ/mol.
To which group in the periodic table does the unknown element most likely belong?
1.51 An Ion having a 4+ charge and a mass of 51.99 amu has two electrons with n = 1, eight
electrons with n = 2, and ten electrons with n = 3. Give the total number of protons present
in the nucleus of the atom of metal.
1.52 Which of the following oxides has the strongest acidic character ?
S03 , ClO7 , N2O5 , CO2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Fill the boxes provided below with suitable number.