Professional Documents
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Tax Structure
Tax Structure
Tỷ trọng thuế trực thu và gián thu ở Việt Nam hiện nay
Tỷ trọng thuế trực thu:
Xu hướng giảm: Theo số liệu từ Bộ Tài chính, tỷ trọng thuế trực thu trong tổng thu ngân sách
nhà nước (NSNN) có xu hướng giảm trong giai đoạn 2012 - 2017. Cụ thể:
o Năm 2012: 44,6%
Xu hướng tăng trở lại: Từ năm 2018, tỷ trọng thuế trực thu có dấu hiệu tăng nhẹ:
o Năm 2019: 38,9%
o 2017: 33.8%
Increasing trend again: From 2018 onwards, the ratio of direct taxes has shown signs of a slight
increase:
o 2019: 38.9%
Direct tax
Advantages of Direct Taxes:
Direct and indirect taxes have advantages of their own.
Direct taxes have some merits and so have the indirect taxes.
Direct taxes have the following advantages in their favour:
(i) Equitable:
The burden of direct taxes cannot be shifted. Hence equality of sacrifice can be attained through
progression. Of course, the very low incomes can be exempted. This cannot be achieved- by taxes on
commodities which fall with equal force on the rich and the poor. The tax raises the price of the
commodity, and the price of a commodity is the same for every person, rich or poor.
(ii) Economical:
The cost of collection of direct taxes is low. They are mostly collected “at the source”. For instance,-the
income tax is deducted from an officer’s pay every month. This saves expense. The employer acts as an
honorary tax collector. This means great economy.
(iii) Certain:
In the case of a direct tax, the payers know how much is due from them and when. The authorities also
know the amount of revenue they can expect. There is certainty on both sides. This minimises corruption
on the part of collecting officials.
(iv) Elastic:
If the State suddenly stands in need of more funds in an emergency, direct taxes can well serve the
purpose. The yield from income tax or death duties can be easily increased by raising their rate. People
cannot stop dying for fear of paying death duties.
(v) Productive:
Another virtue of direct taxes is that they are very productive. As a community grows in numbers and
prosperity, the return from direct taxes expands automatically. The direct taxes yield a large revenue to
the State.
(vi) A means of developing civic sense.
In the case of a direct tax, a person knows that he is paying a tax, he feels conscious of his rights. He
claims the right to know how the Government uses his money and approves or criticizes it. Civic sense is
thus developed. He behaves as a responsible citizen.
Disadvantages of Direct Taxes:
(i) Inconvenient:
The great disadvantage of a direct tax is that it pinches the payer. He ‘squeaks’ when a lump sum is taken
out of his pocket. The direct- taxes are thus very inconvenient to pay. Nobody can help feeling the pinch.
(ii) Evadable:
The assessee can submit a false return of income and thus evade the tax. That is why a direct-tax is “a tax
on honesty.” There is a lot of evasion. Many of those who should be paying taxes go scot-free by
concealing their incomes.
(iii) Arbitrary:
If taxes are progressive, the late of progression has to be fixed arbitrarily; and if proportional, they fall
more heavily on the poor. Thus, both are bad. The rate of taxes depends upon the whim of the Finance
Minister. This is arbitrary.
(iv) Disincentive:
If the taxes are too heavy, they discourage saving-sand investment. In that case the country will suffer
economically. A high level of taxation discourages investment and enterprise in the country. It inflicts a
lot of damage, on business and industry.
Indirect tax
Advantages of Indirect Tax
The government levies various types of taxes to generate revenue for the running and management of the
country. Of these, indirect taxes are levied on consumers via the sellers of goods or commodities. Here
are some benefits of indirect tax:
Tax participation from the entire country – Direct taxes, like Income tax*, are levied on
people from certain income brackets only. There is a large part of the population that does not pay
income tax*. However, indirect taxes are applicable to anyone who purchases goods or
commodities regardless of their income bracket. This makes indirect tax an inclusive taxation
model.
Convenient – Usually, indirect taxes are very nominal and levied as a part of the purchase price
of a good or commodity. Hence, consumers don’t feel the pinch while paying them. Also, levying
indirect tax* is easy since the sellers incorporate it into the selling price.
No tax evasion – Many people avoid paying income tax*. Being a populous country, it is very
difficult to track and penalize tax* evaders. However, there is no way to evade an indirect tax*.
Every time someone buys a commodity, a tax* is paid.
Spread over a wide range – Some people have to pay as high as 30% income tax. This can feel
like a burden. However, indirect taxes are spread across a wide range of products and the tax*
rate is very small. Therefore, consumers do not feel the burden of paying them.
Can be perceived as regressive – Indirect taxes are not levied based on the income of the
taxpayer. They are standard across the rich and poor. While affluent people might not mind
paying indirect taxes, the poor can feel the burden. Hence, many people might perceive indirect
taxes as regressive.
Increase the price of commodities – Since the tax* is included in the price of the commodity,
indirect tax* can result in an increase in the overall price of goods and commodities. Not all
sellers calculate the exact tax* amount and add it to the selling price. Many sellers charge a
slightly more amount to ensure complete tax* adherence. This can also have an undue
inflationary effect on prices.
2./ Origin principle (NT Xuất xứ): imposes taxes where production takes place •
Eg: Thái nhập tủ của Nhật, Thái xuất tủ sang VN. Thuế đánh theo mqh giữa VN-
Nhật • => XÉT THEO TỈ LỆ NỘI ĐỊA HÓA • => TRÁNH GIAN LẬN THƯƠNG
MẠI • The preferential tax rates: • The special preferential tax rates: Thuế suất thấp
nhất • The ordinary tax rate: Thuế suất thông thường cao hơn 70% so vs thuế suất
ưu đãi
2./ Origin principle (NT Origin): imposes taxes where production takes place • Eg:
Thai imported cabinets from Japan, Thai exported cabinets to Vietnam. Tax levied
according to mqh between Vietnam and Japan • => IN TERMS OF
LOCALIZATION RATE • => AVOID TRADE FRAUD • The preferential tax
rates: • The special preferential tax rates: The lowest tax rate • The ordinary tax
rate: The normal tax rate is 70% higher than the preferential tax rate
3./ Residence principle of taxation • Cư dân cư trú VN sẽ bị đánh thuế thu nhập cá
nhân worldwide • Cư dân k cư trú VN sẽ bị đánh thuế theo nguồn thu tại VN, còn
khoản thu nhập tại nước sở tại sẽ được nước sở tại tính • => TRÁNH ĐÁNH
THUẾ 2 LẦN. ƯU TIÊN NỘP THUẾ TẠI NƯỚC NGUỒN
3./ Residence principle of taxation • Residents residing in Vietnam will be taxed
personal income worldwide • Residents of k residing in Vietnam will be taxed
according to the source of revenue in Vietnam, while income in the host country
will be calculated • => AVOID TAXATION 2 TIMES. PRIORITY FOR TAX
PAYMENT IN THE SOURCE COUNTRY
Đối với thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp - DN không có trụ sở tại VN nhưng vẫn có
doanh thu tại VN => Đánh thuế nhà thầu - DN VN cư trú tại VN => Đóng thuế DN
theo luật VN
For corporate income tax - enterprises that are not based in Vietnam but still have revenue in
Vietnam => Taxation of contractors - Vietnamese enterprises residing in Vietnam => Pay corporate
tax according to Vietnamese law
4./ Source principle of taxation (NT nguồn phát sinh thu nhập) Principle
for the taxation of international income flows according to which a
country consider as taxable income those income arising within its
jurisdiction regardless of the residence of the taxpayer, residents and
nonresidents are taxed on income derived from the country
Resident means a person who satisfies one of the following conditions: -
Being present in VN for 183 days or more counting from the first date of
their presence in VN - Having a place of habitual residence in VN,
which is a registered place of permanent residence or a rented house for
dwelling in VN under a term rent contract Non-resident means a person
who doesn’t satisfy any of the above conditions
5, Characteristics of an effective tax system • Fiscal Adequacy (Chính
sách tài khóa): Taxes must provide enough revenue to meet the basic
needs of society • Equity: everybody should pay a fair of taxes -
Horizontal equity: Indirect tax - Vertical Equity: Direct Tax 32 •
Efficiency: refers to how productive the TS is at raising revenues and
redistributing wealth • Simplicity and Administrative ease: Tax payers
can avoid a maze of taxes, forms and filing requirements ⇒ Reduce as
much as possible
5. So sánh VAT and ET thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt
Thuế giá trị gia tăng (VAT) và thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt (TTĐB) là hai loại thuế gián thu phổ
biến tại Việt Nam, tuy nhiên có những điểm khác biệt sau:
Đối tượng chịu thuế:
VAT: Áp dụng cho hầu hết các hàng hóa, dịch vụ được sản xuất, kinh doanh trong nước
và nhập khẩu.
TTĐB: Chỉ áp dụng cho một số nhóm hàng hóa, dịch vụ cụ thể được nhà nước quy định,
bao gồm:
o Rượu, bia, thuốc lá.
o Xăng dầu, khí đốt.
o Ô tô, xe máy.
o Các mặt hàng xa xỉ khác như: điện thoại di động, máy tính xách tay, máy ảnh...
Cơ sở tính thuế:
VAT: Giá trị gia tăng của hàng hóa, dịch vụ tại từng khâu sản xuất, kinh doanh.
TTĐB: Giá bán ra của hàng hóa, dịch vụ chịu thuế (chưa bao gồm VAT và các loại thuế
khác).
Thuế suất:
VAT:
Thuế VAT phải nộp = Giá trị gia tăng x Thuế suất
o
Giá trị gia tăng = Giá bán ra - Giá mua vào (chưa bao gồm VAT và các loại thuế
o
khác)
TTĐB:
o Thuế TTĐB phải nộp = Giá bán ra x Thuế suất
Tác động:
VAT:
Góp phần điều tiết thu nhập, đảm bảo công bằng thuế.
o
Làm tăng giá thành hàng hóa, dịch vụ.
o
TTĐB:
o Hạn chế tiêu dùng các mặt hàng xa xỉ, bảo vệ sức khỏe cộng đồng.
o Góp phần tăng nguồn thu cho ngân sách nhà nước.
Doanh nghiệp có trách nhiệm kê khai, nộp thuế VAT và TTĐB theo quy định của pháp
luật.
Việc trốn thuế, gian lận thuế sẽ bị xử lý nghiêm theo quy định của pháp luật.
Kết luận:
VAT và TTĐB là hai loại thuế quan trọng trong hệ thống thuế của Việt Nam, mỗi loại thuế có
những đặc điểm và tác động riêng. Doanh nghiệp cần nắm rõ các quy định về thuế VAT và
TTĐB để thực hiện nghĩa vụ thuế đúng hạn, đầy đủ.
Analysis of VAT and SCT in Vietnam
Introduction
Value Added Tax (VAT) and Special Consumption Tax (SCT) are two crucial indirect taxes in Vietnam's
tax system. They play a significant role in regulating revenue, ensuring tax fairness, and influencing
consumer behavior. However, these two taxes differ in their characteristics, applications, and
implications. This analysis delves into the key distinctions between VAT and SCT, highlighting their
unique aspects and impacts.
VAT: A Broad-Based Consumption Tax
VAT is a comprehensive tax levied on the value added at each stage of the production and distribution
chain. It encompasses a wide range of goods and services, from essential items like food and medicine to
luxury goods and services. The VAT base is calculated as the difference between the selling price and the
purchase price of goods or services, excluding VAT itself and other taxes.
SCT: Targeting Specific Goods and Services
In contrast to VAT's broad application, SCT focuses on a select group of goods and services deemed to
have potential negative consequences for public health, social welfare, or environmental sustainability.
These goods include alcohol, tobacco, gasoline, automobiles, and luxury items like electronics and
jewelry. The SCT base is the selling price of the taxable goods or services, excluding VAT and other
taxes.
Tax Rates: Reflecting Government Priorities
VAT and SCT exhibit distinct tax rate structures. VAT rates vary based on the essentiality and potential
impact of goods and services. Essential items like food and medicine carry a 0% VAT rate, while most
other goods and services are subject to a standard 10% rate. Luxury goods and services may face higher
VAT rates to discourage excessive consumption.
SCT rates, on the other hand, are generally higher than VAT rates, reflecting the government's intention
to deter consumption of these goods and services. SCT rates range from 10% to 70%, with the highest
rates applied to items deemed to have the most detrimental effects.
Tax Payment Methods: Administrative Considerations
The methods for paying VAT and SCT differ to accommodate the complexities of each tax. VAT is
collected through a deduction mechanism, allowing businesses to offset VAT paid to suppliers against
their own VAT liability. This system encourages efficient tax compliance and reduces administrative
burdens.
SCT, on the other hand, utilizes a common payment method. Businesses are responsible for remitting the
full amount of SCT directly to the tax authorities at the end of each tax period. This simplified approach
streamlines tax collection but may place a heavier administrative burden on businesses.
Impacts on Consumers and Businesses
VAT and SCT have varying impacts on consumers and businesses. VAT increases the overall price of
goods and services, potentially affecting consumer purchasing decisions. However, VAT also contributes
to revenue generation and supports government spending on public goods and services.
SCT, with its higher rates, aims to discourage the consumption of certain goods and services. This can
have positive effects on public health, environmental protection, and social welfare. However, SCT may
also lead to higher prices for these goods, potentially affecting consumer choices and business
profitability.
Conclusion
VAT and SCT are essential components of Vietnam's tax system, serving distinct purposes and exerting
different influences. VAT, as a broad-based consumption tax, generates revenue and contributes to fiscal
stability. SCT, with its targeted approach, aims to address specific societal concerns and promote
sustainable consumption patterns. Understanding the nuances of these two taxes is crucial for businesses
to navigate tax obligations and for policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of these taxes in achieving
their intended goals.
Example:
VAT
SCT
6. ET-Green tax
Thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt (TTĐB) và thuế bảo vệ môi trường (BVMT) là hai loại thuế gián thu
phổ biến tại Việt Nam, tuy nhiên có những điểm khác biệt sau:
TTĐB: Chỉ áp dụng cho một số nhóm hàng hóa, dịch vụ cụ thể được nhà nước quy định,
bao gồm:
o Rượu, bia, thuốc lá.
o Xăng dầu, khí đốt.
o Ô tô, xe máy.
o Các mặt hàng xa xỉ khác như: điện thoại di động, máy tính xách tay, máy ảnh...
BVMT: Áp dụng cho hàng hóa, dịch vụ gây ô nhiễm môi trường trong quá trình sản
xuất, kinh doanh, sử dụng, thải bỏ, bao gồm:
o Xăng dầu, khí đốt.
o Chất thải nguy hại.
o Túi nilon, túi nhựa mỏng dưới 0,01 mm.
o Nước thải sinh hoạt.
Cơ sở tính thuế:
TTĐB: Giá bán ra của hàng hóa, dịch vụ chịu thuế (chưa bao gồm VAT và các loại thuế
khác).
BVMT:
o Xăng dầu, khí đốt: Lượng xăng dầu, khí đốt tiêu thụ.
o Chất thải nguy hại: Khối lượng chất thải nguy hại phát sinh.
o Túi nilon, túi nhựa mỏng dưới 0,01 mm: Số lượng túi nilon, túi nhựa mỏng phát
sinh.
o Nước thải sinh hoạt: Lượng nước thải sinh hoạt thải ra môi trường.
Thuế suất:
TTĐB: Mức thuế suất cao hơn so với VAT, dao động từ 10% đến 70% tùy theo từng loại
hàng hóa, dịch vụ.
BVMT: Mức thuế suất khác nhau đối với từng loại hàng hóa, dịch vụ:
o Xăng dầu, khí đốt: 1.500 đồng/lít xăng, 1.000 đồng/kg khí đốt.
o Chất thải nguy hại: 50.000 - 3.000.000 đồng/tấn.
o Túi nilon, túi nhựa mỏng dưới 0,01 mm: 4.000 đồng/cái.
o Nước thải sinh hoạt: 150 - 3.000 đồng/m3.
TTĐB:
o Hạn chế tiêu dùng các mặt hàng xa xỉ, bảo vệ sức khỏe cộng đồng.
o Góp phần tăng nguồn thu cho ngân sách nhà nước.
BVMT:
o Góp phần bảo vệ môi trường, giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường.
o Góp phần tăng nguồn thu cho ngân sách nhà nước.
Doanh nghiệp có trách nhiệm kê khai, nộp thuế TTĐB và BVMT theo quy định của pháp
luật.
Việc trốn thuế, gian lận thuế sẽ bị xử lý nghiêm theo quy định của pháp luật.
Kết luận:
TTĐB và BVMT là hai loại thuế quan trọng trong hệ thống thuế của Việt Nam, mỗi loại thuế có
những đặc điểm và tác động riêng. Doanh nghiệp cần nắm rõ các quy định về thuế TTĐB và
BVMT để thực hiện nghĩa vụ thuế đúng hạn, đầy đủ.
Conclusion:
Excise tax is a tax on harmful or non-essential goods and services, while environmental
tax is a tax on activities that cause environmental pollution.
The purpose of excise tax is to discourage harmful consumption and generate revenue,
while the purpose of environmental tax is to protect the environment and generate
revenue.
Excise tax is typically collected from producers or importers, while environmental tax is
typically collected from polluters.
Excise tax rates are typically higher than VAT rates, while environmental tax rates can be
fixed or variable.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
The marginal tax rate is the tax rate paid on the highest dollar of
income.
Under the progressive income tax method used for federal income tax
in the U.S., the marginal tax rate increases as income increases.
Marginal tax rates are separated into seven tax brackets by income
levels.
Individuals aren't taxed solely at the rate of the tax bracket they fall into
(unless they fall into the lowest tax bracket).
Taxes are calculated at various rates as taxable income rises through
the tax brackets.
The purpose of levying environmental taxes is to make polluters pay for the
cost of what economics defines as externalities.
10. Phân biệt giữa 02 loại Thuế PIT & Thuế CIT
Thuế PIT và Thuế CIT | Thuế là một trong những khoản thu bắt buộc và không được hoàn của nhà
nước với các cá nhân hay pháp nhân thuộc đối tượng chịu Thuế. Thuế cũng mang trong mình tính
chất cưỡng chế, bắt buộc với đối tượng thực hiện chịu Thuế. Hiện nay, có nhiều loại thuế khác
nhau: Thuế giá trị gia tăng, thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp, thuế thu nhập cá nhân. Thuế cũng được
phân chia thành 2 loại là Thuế PIT và Thuế CIT – đây là 2 loại thuế điều tiết vào thu nhập của đon vị
doanh nghiệp, cá nhân. Các bạn kế toán vẫn thường hay thắc mắc về việc phân biệt 2 loại thuế này,
hãy cùng Trung tâm đào tạo kế toán Việt Hưng tham khảo qua bài viết này để biết rõ hơn về 2
loại thuế này nhé.
1. Thuế PIT và CIT là gì?
1.1 Thuế PIT là gì?
Thuế PIT còn được viết tắt của “Personal Income Tax” là một trong loại thuế thu nhập cá nhân hay
còn gọi là thuế trực thu, đánh trực tiếp vào tiền lương hay từ nguồn thu nhập cá nhân trích nộp vào
ngân sách của nhà nước khi đã tính đi những khoản giảm trừ
Thuế PIT cũng được xây dựng dựa vào 2 nguyên tắc: công bằng và khả năng nộp Thuế. Chính vì
vậy những cá nhân có nguồn thu nhập thấp chỉ vừa đủ chi phí cần thiết cho chính mình và gia đình
thì sẽ không thuộc vào đối tượng này. Thuế này cũng một phần nào góp phần làm giảm đi sự chênh
lệch của các tầng lớp dân cư.
Thuế PIT cũng là một nguồn thu rất đáng kế cho Ngân sách của nhà nước, đảm bảo được những
phúc lợi xã hội cho chính người dân
So sánh 2 loại thuế PIT & thuế CIT
Bậc thuế Phần thu nhập tính thuế / năm Phần thu nhập tính thuế/ tháng Thuế suất (%)
1
CIT tax
Tax source management will be managed by the General Department of Taxation
under the Ministry of Finance. Business organizations currently have taxable
income sources in Vietnam, including:
– The enterprise is currently established in accordance with the provisions of
Vietnamese Law
– Foreign enterprises that have a source of income in Vietnamese territory, whether
or not they have a place of residence in Vietnam
– The enterprise is established in accordance with the Cooperative Law
– Professional organizations are established in accordance with the provisions of
Vietnamese Law.
– Any other organization conducting production and business activities with a
source of income.
⇒ Thus, the taxable subjects in CIT and PIT are also different. For CIT, it will be a
business organization with a taxable income source, and for PIT, it will be an
individual doing business or not doing business but having a taxable income.
source of taxable income.
4. Taxable income
PIT tax
Income subject to PIT Tax will include the following income sources, except
income sources that are exempt from Tax as defined in Article 4 of the Personal
Income Tax Law:
– Income from business: income from production and trading of goods and
services, from independent practice of individuals with a license or practice
certificate with revenue of 100 million VND/year or more .
– Salary and wages income
– Income from capital investment sources: loan interest, dividends from shares,...
– Income from capital transfer
– Income from real estate transfer
– Income from copyrights
– Income from franchising
– Income from inheriting securities, capital in economic organizations, real estate,
business establishments and other assets that must be registered for ownership or
use.
– Income from gift sources: securities, capital of economic organizations, business
establishments, real estate, other assets registered for ownership or use.
CIT tax
– Income from production and trading of goods and services
– Income from capital transfer, transfer of capital contribution rights.
– Income from interest on deposits, loans or foreign currency sales.
– Income from real estate transfer or investment project transfer, transfer of rights
for investment project activities.
– Income from mining, mineral processing and exploration activities.
– Income from property use rights including intellectual property rights in
accordance with the provisions of law.
– Income from the transfer, lease or liquidation of assets, including valuable
papers.
⇒ The difference between the taxable income of PIT and CIT is also different, for
CIT it is income from business activities and other income of business
organizations and enterprises. As for PIT, it is income arising from business
activities, from labor or other income but not through personal business.
5. How to calculate PIT and CIT tax
4.1 PIT tax
Depending on the specific case, there will be different ways to calculate PIT Tax.
Currently, there are also 3 forms of calculating PIT Tax for 3 different tax payers.
And the form of tax calculation will be determined by the accounting department
based on the employee's labor contract when signed with the business.
– PIT tax for people residing in Vietnam: Labor contracts with a term of 3 months
or more are charged PIT progressive tax with different tax rates, when the
employee has a high income level. the higher the tax paid. And if the labor contract
has a term of less than 3 months or there is no contract signed, the 10% tax rate
will be calculated based on the employee's total income.
– PIT Tax for individuals not currently residing in Vietnam: depending on the level
of business income or income from salaries and wages, there will be different PIT
Tax calculation methods for foreign workers.
– PIT Tax calculation formula:
PIT tax payable = Income subject to PIT tax x Tax rate
In there:
Income subject to PIT Tax – deductions
Income subject to PIT Tax = Total income – Income exempt from PIT Tax
- Tax:
Tax rate calculation table
Tax level Taxable income portion/year Taxable income portion/month Tax rate
(%)
1 To 60 To 5 5
2 Over 60 – 120 Over 5 – 10 10
3 Over 120 – 216 Over 10 – 18 15
4 Over 216 – 384 Over 18 – 32 20
5 Over 384 – 624 Over 32 – 52 25
6 Over 624 – 960 Over 52 – 80 30
7 Out of 960 Out of 80
4.2 How to calculate CIT tax
For businesses, the CIT tax calculation formula is as follows:
CIT tax = Taxable income x corporate income tax rate
If the enterprise deducts the Science and Technology development fund, the
corporate income tax portion is determined:
Corporate income tax = (taxable income – Science and technology fund
appropriation) x corporate income tax rate
– Taxable income = taxable revenue – tax-free income – carried forward losses
In there
– Taxable revenue = Total revenue – deductible expenses
– Carryover losses:
+ Loss arises right in the tax period and is a negative difference in taxable income,
not including losses carried forward from previous years
When an enterprise makes a loss when performing annual tax finalization, it must
transfer the entire amount of that loss into taxable income in the following years.
The loss carry forward period is also calculated to be no more than 5 years, starting
from the year following the loss
If an enterprise has losses between quarters in the fiscal year, it will be able to
offset the losses of the previous quarter in the next quarter of the fiscal year. When
performing corporate income tax finalization, determine the loss amount for the
entire year
If 5 years have elapsed from the year in which the loss occurred, if the loss has not
yet been fully carried forward, it will not be transferred to income in the following
years.
- Tax:
According to Article 11 of Circular 78/2014/TT - BTC and Circular 96/2015/TT -
BTC of the Ministry of Finance promulgating CIT tax rates will include:
+ Tax rate of 20% for all businesses
+ Tax rate 32% - 50% for businesses currently conducting oil and gas search,
exploitation, and exploration activities
+ A tax rate of 50% will be applied to resource mines. Based on the location and
mining conditions and mine reserves.
TF question
1. Goods subject to VAT which are sold into export processing zones won’t be
subject to VAT anymore.
True
Goods and services are traded between foreign countries and non-tariff zones and
between non-tariff zones with each other.
Non-tariff zones include: export processing zones, export processing enterprises,
tax bonded warehouses, tax bonded areas, bonded warehouses, special economic
and trade zones, commercial - industrial zones and other economic areas
designated Establish and enjoy tax incentives such as non-tariff zones according to
the Decision of the Prime Minister's office. The relationship of buying, selling and
exchanging goods between these areas and the outside world is an export and
import relationship.
3. Average tax rate is the amount of tax paid on an additional dollar of income
False.
The average tax rate is not the amount of tax paid on an additional dollar of
income.
Here's the difference:
Average tax rate: This is the total tax paid divided by your total income. It
represents the overall portion of your income that goes towards taxes.
Marginal tax rate: This is the tax rate applied to the next dollar you earn. It
tells you how much additional tax you would pay if your income increased
by one dollar.
7. Goods subject to ET which sold into export processing will be deducted from
input ET.
True
Non-tariff zones include: export processing zones, export processing enterprises,
tax bonded warehouses, tax bonded areas, bonded warehouses, special economic
and trade zones, commercial - industrial zones and other economic areas
designated Establish and enjoy tax incentives such as non-tariff zones according to
the Prime Minister's Decision. The relationship of buying, selling and exchanging
goods between these zones and the outside world is an export and import
relationship. […]
The export processing zone is considered a non-tariff zone and the relationship of
buying, selling and exchanging goods between the export processing zone and the
outside world is a relationship of import and export of goods.
Export Processing Zones (EPZs): These zones are typically exempt from
domestic Value Added Tax (VAT) or a similar tax like Vietnam's Special
Consumption Tax (SCT).
Input tax deduction: Businesses can generally deduct the VAT or SCT
they pay on purchases (input tax) from the VAT or SCT they collect on sales
(output tax). This mechanism helps to avoid businesses being taxed on the
tax they paid for their inputs.
Goods subject to ET sold into EPZs: When goods subject to a
consumption tax (like ET) are sold into an EPZ, they are essentially
considered exports.
Since the goods are no longer subject to domestic consumption tax within the
country, the input tax paid on those goods becomes deductible. This deduction
reflects that the ET paid on the initial purchase won't be collected again as final
consumption tax within the EPZ.
In essence, the business gets "credited" for the ET they already paid, as the
goods won't be subject to the same tax within the EPZ.
9. Marginal tax rate is the amount of tax paid on an additional dollar of income.
True
That's correct! The marginal tax rate is indeed the amount of tax paid on an
additional dollar of income.
It essentially tells you how much extra tax you would owe if your income
increased by one dollar. This is different from the average tax rate, which considers
your total income and the total tax you pay on it.
10. Goods imported from abroad into export processing zones are subject to import
tax
False
Theo quy định tại Luật Thuế xuất khẩu, thuế nhập khẩu 2016 thì khu phi thuế quan
là khu vực kinh tế nằm trong lãnh thổ Việt Nam, được thành lập theo quy định của
pháp luật, có ranh giới địa lý xác định, ngăn cách với khu vực bên ngoài bằng hàng
rào cứng, bảo đảm Điều kiện cho hoạt động kiểm tra, giám sát, kiểm soát hải quan
của cơ quan hải quan và các cơ quan có liên quan đối với hàng hóa xuất khẩu, nhập
khẩu và phương tiện, hành khách xuất cảnh, nhập cảnh; quan hệ mua bán, trao đổi
hàng hóa giữa khu phi thuế quan với bên ngoài là quan hệ xuất khẩu, nhập khẩu.
Hàng hóa xuất khẩu từ khu phi thuế quan ra nước ngoài; hàng hóa nhập khẩu từ
nước ngoài vào khu phi thuế quan và chỉ sử dụng trong khu phi thuế quan; hàng
hóa chuyển từ khu phi thuế quan này sang khu phi thuế quan khác không phải chịu
thuế xuất khẩu, thuế nhập khẩu theo quy định.
This statement is generally False.
Here's why:
Export Processing Zones (EPZs): These zones are typically designed to
encourage exports and foreign investment. They often have special tax
privileges to make them more attractive to businesses.
Import tax exemption: One of the common tax privileges offered by EPZs
is exemption from import duties or taxes on goods brought into the zone.
These goods are typically intended for processing or manufacturing within
the zone and then export.
Destination principle: Import taxes are generally levied based on the
destination principle, meaning the tax is applied when goods enter a
country's customs territory for domestic consumption. Goods entering an
EPZ are not intended for domestic consumption but for further processing
and export.
Therefore, goods imported from abroad into EPZs are usually not subject to import
taxes.
11. Goods sold into non-tariff zones will be not subject to VAT
True
Goods sold into non-tariff zones are generally not subject to VAT. Here's the
reasoning:
Non-Tariff Zones (NTZs): These zones share some similarities with Export
Processing Zones (EPZs) but may have slightly different regulations.
VAT exemption: Similar to EPZs, NTZs often offer tax benefits to attract
businesses and encourage economic activity. One common benefit is
exemption from Value Added Tax (VAT).
VAT and consumption: VAT is a tax on the value added to goods and
services at each stage of production and distribution. It's ultimately borne by
the final consumer.
Destination principle: VAT is typically applied based on the destination
principle, meaning the tax is levied on goods consumed within a country's
territory.
Since goods sold into NTZs are not intended for final consumption within the
country, they wouldn't be subject to VAT.
It's important to note that the specific tax regulations for NTZs can vary
depending on the country. Here are some additional points to consider:
Types of NTZs: There can be different types of NTZs with varying levels of
tax exemption. Some might only exempt certain types of goods or activities.
Tax treatment after leaving the zone: Goods leaving the NTZ and entering
the domestic market might become subject to VAT at that point.
For a definitive answer, it's always best to consult with a tax professional or
refer to the official regulations of the specific NTZ in question.
12. Environmental protection tax in Vietnam has an absolute tax rate because it
makes the tax collection easier.
False
Environmental protection tax is a state budget account intended to regulate
activities that affect the environment and control environmental pollution.
Environmental protection tax is considered an indirect tax, collected on products
and goods when they cause negative impacts on the environment. Taxation is a
form of restriction on a product or activity that is not beneficial to the environment.
1. Đơn giản hóa việc thu thuế:
Thuế suất cố định giúp cho việc thu thuế TBVMT trở nên dễ dàng và hiệu
quả hơn. Doanh nghiệp chỉ cần biết đơn vị sản phẩm và mức thuế suất tương
ứng để tính toán số thuế cần nộp. Cơ quan thuế cũng dễ dàng quản lý và
kiểm soát việc thu thuế.
2. Dự đoán được chi phí thuế:
Doanh nghiệp có thể dự đoán trước được chi phí thuế TBVMT cần nộp cho
mỗi đơn vị sản phẩm, giúp họ lập kế hoạch tài chính và giá thành sản phẩm
một cách hiệu quả.
3. Khuyến khích sử dụng sản phẩm thân thiện môi trường:
Mức thuế suất cố định có thể được điều chỉnh để khuyến khích sử dụng các
sản phẩm thân thiện với môi trường và hạn chế sử dụng các sản phẩm gây ô
nhiễm môi trường. Ví dụ, thuế suất cao hơn có thể được áp dụng cho các sản
phẩm có tác động tiêu cực đến môi trường lớn hơn.
4. Giảm thiểu chi phí tuân thủ:
So với thuế suất theo tỷ lệ phần trăm, thuế suất cố định giúp giảm thiểu chi
phí tuân thủ cho doanh nghiệp. Doanh nghiệp không cần phải theo dõi giá cả
thị trường để tính toán số thuế cần nộp, và cơ quan thuế cũng không cần phải
kiểm tra giá cả của từng giao dịch.
Tuy nhiên, thuế suất cố định cũng có một số hạn chế:
Thiếu tính linh hoạt: Thuế suất cố định có thể không phản ứng kịp thời với
những thay đổi về giá cả thị trường hoặc chi phí sản xuất.
Có thể dẫn đến bất công: Thuế suất cố định có thể không phản ánh đầy đủ
mức độ tác động môi trường của các sản phẩm khác nhau trong cùng một
nhóm.
Nhìn chung, việc áp dụng thuế suất cố định cho TBVMT tại Việt Nam mang lại
một số lợi ích về mặt quản lý, dự đoán và khuyến khích sử dụng sản phẩm thân
thiện môi trường. Tuy nhiên, cũng cần lưu ý đến những hạn chế của phương pháp
này và cân nhắc điều chỉnh thuế suất phù hợp để đảm bảo tính công bằng và hiệu
quả.
Ngoài ra, bên cạnh thuế suất cố định, Việt Nam cũng áp dụng một số biện pháp
khác để bảo vệ môi trường, bao gồm:
Quy định về tiêu chuẩn khí thải và nước thải
Giấy phép môi trường
Chương trình giáo dục nâng cao nhận thức về bảo vệ môi trường
Kết hợp nhiều biện pháp khác nhau sẽ giúp bảo vệ môi trường hiệu quả hơn và
thúc đẩy phát triển bền vững.
Căn cứ tính thuế là số lượng hàng hóa tính thuế và mức thuế tuyệt đối trên một đơn
vị hàng hóa. Trong đó:Số lượng hàng hóa tính thuế: Đối với hàng hóa sản xuất
trong nước, số lượng hàng hóa tính thuế là số lượng hàng hóa sản xuất bán ra, trao
đổi, tiêu dùng nội bộ, tặng cho; đối với hàng hóa nhập khẩu, số lượng hàng hóa
tính thuế là số lượng hàng hóa nhập khẩu.
Mức thuế: Luật thuế bảo vệ môi trường quy định mức thuế tuyệt đối nhằm đơn
giản, minh bạch trong thực hiện, đảm bảo ổn định số thu ngân sách nhà nước.
Biểu khung thuế bảo vệ môi trường: Để tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho công tác điều
hành và thực thi chính sách thuế mới, Luật quy định Biểu khung thuế bảo vệ môi
trường với mức thuế tuyệt đối tối thiểu và mức thuế tuyệt đối tối đa, giao Ủy ban
Thường vụ Quốc hội quy định mức thuế cụ thể trong từng thời kỳ đảm bảo các
nguyên tắc:Mức thuế đối với hàng hóa chịu thuế phù hợp với chính sách phát triển
kinh tế - xã hội của Nhà nước trong từng thời kỳ;Mức thuế đối với hàng hóa chịu
thuế được xác định theo mức độ gây tác động xấu đến môi trường của hàng hóa.