TCS 1hl

TCS1 – TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS
ET
Telephone Instruments
IS
IR
18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 1

In any voice telephony systems may it be analog

telephony, digital telephony, wireless telephony and IP
telephony, a telephone device is used to make and
ET
receive calls.
This telephone device has the following physical parts.
1. Microphone
2. Receiver IS
IR
3. Dial pad
4. Display unit

6. Line cord.
ET
7. Hand set cord
The following circuits available in any instruments.
IS
1. Transmitter Amplifier circuit.
2. Receive Amplifier Circuit.
IR
3. Dialler circuit: for enabling dialling
4. Bell Circuit: to alert the called subscriber

Any conventional Telephone instrument consist of

Microphone: to speak in
ET
Receiver: to listen to
Bell: for alert to incoming call
IS
Dialing Pad: to send address to the switch in the form of
IR
digits from 0 to 9 and special key * and #.

 The dialed digits can be send in the form of

pulses or Tones.
ET
 Pulse dialing means make and break of Line loop
which are counted by the counter to count digit

0 to 9
IS
Tone dialing means, generating a tone for 0 to 9,
IR
* and # by using 2 frequencies. This is known as
Dual Tone multi Frequency dialing.

Digital Key Telephones consists of all above but with

some extra programmable soft keys for one touch dialling
a predefined number on it. “Trans/conf” key to transfer
ET
the call and 3 way conference.
IS
IR
Digital Key Telephones are also enabled with inbuilt
speaker and microphone for hands free facility.

Telephone Key Pad

C1 C2 C3 C4
FRQ. 1209 1336 1477 1633
R1
ET
697 1 2 3 A
R2
IS
770 4 5 6 B
R3
IR
852 7 8 9 C
R4
941 * 0 # D

Display units (single line or Multiple line)for displaying the

information like
self telephone number,
ET
time and date,
other features available like call fwd, call park, voice
IS
page, call log, DND etc,
IR
incoming call identity.
IP Video phones have a big display screen to display true
color images with touch facility.

Various types of Telephone instruments are:

 Ordinary rotary dial telephone
ET
 Ordinary Push button telephones
 Control phone
IS
 Magneto phone
 Digital multi key telephone (DMKT)
IR
 IP Phone (IP key set work with SIP)
 IP Video Phone (work with SIP, H323,MGCP)

Different Types of Phones
ET
IS
Analog phone with Simple Analog Analog phone Digital phone with
Display unit phone with memory keys and
Without display Finger plate to function keys
IR
unit dial
The apparatus that are used for transmitting and receiving

speech signals are called “Telephones” and the persons
who use them for sending information between them are
called “Subscribers”. Above are some telephone devices.

ET
Analog phone with display 2 wire Line Cord Line Cord with RJ11
connector
IS
IR
Picture of 1+1 Plan Telephone System

ET
IS
IR
Digital Phone 2 Line Cordless Phone

Conversation between two subscribers
ET
IS
IR
Voice goes in to MIC Gets converted into Electrical Electrical signal gets
signal converted into sound

Protection devices are used on IDF
ET
Exchange IDF
IS
Switching and signalling
done here
IR
Cable side Far End
Exch MDF MDF MDF
Red-White open twisted jumper

wire is used for wiring

Constituents of Telephony
Transmission of voice over a transmission media between
two devices at distance apart by using specialized
ET
switching equipment is known as Telephony.
Components of Telephony:
1. Devices
IS
IR
2. Equipments (transmission devices)
3. Transmission media.
4. Termination point
5. connectors.
Devices
In Telephony devices refer to Telephone instruments, data
equipments, measuring instruments, maintenance
ET
equipments, printers, Alarm indicating equipment etc.
Various types of Telephone instruments are:
IS
Ordinary rotary dial telephone, Ordinary Push button
IR
Telephones, Control phone, Magneto phone
Digital multi key telephone (DMKT)
IP Phone (IP key set work with SIP)
IP Video Phone (work with SIP, H323,MGCP)

Any conventional Telephone instrument consist of

Microphone: to speak in
Receiver: to listen to
ET
Bell: for alert to incoming call
Dialing Pad: to send address to the switch in the form of
IS
digits from 0 to 9 and special key * and #.
IR

The dialed digits can be send in the form of pulses or

Tones.
ET
Pulse dialing means make and break of Line loop which
are counted by the counter to count digit 0 to 9
IS
Tone dialing means, generating a tone for 0 to 9, * and #
by using 2 frequencies. This is known as Dual Tone multi
IR
Frequency dialing.

Digital Key Telephones consists of all above but with some
ET
extra programmable soft keys for one touch dialling a
predefined number on it. “Trans/conf” key to transfer the
call and 3 way conference.
IS
Digital Key Telephones are also enabled with inbuilt
IR
speaker and microphone for hands free facility.

Display units (single line or Multiple line)for displaying the

information like
self telephone number,
ET
time and date,
other features available like call fwd, call park, voice
IS
page, call log, DND etc,
IR
incoming call identity.
IP Video phones have a big display screen to display true
color images with touch facility.

Equipments
 The equipment referred in telephony are responsible for
arranging signalling, switching and controlling needs.
ET
 These Equipments are required for call process,
IS
monitoring, and call log
IR
 These Equipments are in continuous process till the
equipment is alive. Some system follow redundancy for
un interrupted function.

 These functions are carried out through a predefined

program called as Stored Program Control.(SPC)
ET
 SPC is a sequential set of instructions to manage call
process and route the call, based on the data base for
IS
subscriber and trunks.
IR
 Other back ground functions such call logs, alarm
generation, tone generation and diagnostics also
require SPC.

 Depending up on the design of the equipment, the SPC

for Signaling, switching and controlling may differ.
ET
 This SPC is programmable as per requirement of the
user.
IS
 SPC mainly defines the class of services available for
subscribers and trunks.
IR
 Other than that SPC defines the number plan for
subscribers, trunks Route plan and features number
plan.

All Equipments, here we refer them as “exchange” in

general will have the following :
User Peripherals:
 Subscriber interface peripherals:
ET
These are analog and Digital Peripherals, which connect
specified subscriber connection with 2wire(single copper
IS
wire pair) to the telephone.
 Trunk interface peripherals:
IR
These are analog and digital in nature, connects two
exchanges with specific pair of trunk cards.
Exam.
E&M trunk (2/4 wire E&M)- Analog
“CO” trunk (2wire)- Analog
PRI (Primary Rate interface, the primary rate in digitally

multiplexed data is 2048kbps) Trunk interface: it connects
two exchanges with 30 voice multiplexed channels and
ET
one common channel for signaling.
It uses ISDN signaling called “Q” (Q930) signaling.
IS
Requires 2 copper pairs (Trans and Receive ) to connect to
IR
other exchange PRI interface card.
It is a digital trunk card and Most of the exchanges now a
days using PRI trunk.

 BRI (Basic Rate Interface, the basic Rate in digitally

multiplexed data is hybridization of 2 binary channel
ET
making it 128 kbps).
 it connects a ISDN interface unit to avail two
simultaneous services on single copper wire pair to
the user.
IS
IR
 Uses single digital channel for signaling.

PRI Trunk:
30B+1D= 30x64kbps+64kbps+64kbps=2048kbps
(30 voice+ 1 digital sig ch+OH)
ET
BRI Trunk:= 2x64kbps+16kbps+48kbps=192kbps
(2 voice+1digital sig ch+OH)
IS
BRI trunk now can be used in the form of subscriber digital
interface (SDT) giving same services like BRI. So all ISDN
IR
Exchanges now using SDT interface to connect digital
telephone on 2wire copper pair.
Trunk lines are generally shared lines by user or can be
dedicated to any particular user as per need.

Control Peripherals:
These are the interfaces which fulfill the requirement of
signaling, switching and over all control over the
ET
equipment.
Functions of control:
IS
Signaling , Switching, Tone generation (generally know as
DSP, digital signal processor)
IR
 Generic functions like features and services, routings tests
etc.
Data Base Management
Report Generation (Call Detail Records)
Control Peripherals:
These are the interfaces which fulfill the requirement of
signalling, switching and over all control over the
ET
equipment.
Functions of control:
Signalling, Switching, Tone generation (Generally know as
IS
DSP, digital signal processor)
IR
 Generic functions like features and services, routings tests
etc.
Data Base Management
Report Generation (Call Detail Records)

Different Tones:
 Dial Tone- indicates readiness of exchange to accept
dialed digits and indicates the user to initiate out going
ET
call.
 RBT- indicates the called Party is ringing.
 Busy Tone- indicates the called party is busy.
IS
 NUT- Number unobtainable tone- indicates wrong dialing
IR
of digits.
 Feature Tone- indicates a specific feature is ready to be
activated or de activated.
 Assurance Tone- indicates that the given command is
accepted.
 Control peripherals may be duplicated control (1+1 HSB)

or may single control.
 In 1+1 HSB, both the control are simultaneously working
ET
but only active control participates in signaling and
switching of the components.
 Common Services Peripherals:
IS
 These peripherals are utilised by all the user in the
IR
exchange.
CONF peripheral: provides 3way Conf and Multi Party
Conf.
DTMF peripheral: Enables DTMF (Tone) dialing for analog
subscribers.
 Caller ID interface: provides callers name display to

analog subscriber telephone having display units.
ET
 Voice Mail, SMS peripherals are also used in some of the
exchanges.
IS
IR

Transmission media:
To carry out communication on a distant away, it is
needed to send the electrical signal on some conductive
wire, air media for radio signal and optical fiber for
ET
transmitting light signals.
All the three media together may also be used to transmit
IS
the signals.
 Copper Cables of various sizes, pairs and impedance
IR
values are used.
 Cables for under ground laying and as well as indoor use
are different.
 Under ground cables are provided with armored sheath,
other PVC protective layers and jelly inside.
 Indoor cables does not require that much of protection

since they are laid along the wall and ceiling in a PVC
channels.
ET
Indoor cables: 1/2/3/5/10/20/50 and 100 pair.
 Under ground cables require specific procedure to be laid
down.
IS
Under ground cables: 5/10/20/50 and 100 pair.
IR
 Drop Wires: its single pair flat twin wire used to extend
subscriber connection from distribution box.
 Radio transmission media and OFC transmission media
may be studied in other subjects in detail.
Main distribution Frame:

It is a place where all the incoming and out going
connecting cables for subscribers and trunks are
ET
terminated.
For terminating the cables, specially designed “Krone”
strips are used.
IS
Each strip can terminate 10 pair of a cable on it.
IR
These strips are arranges in a distribution box of 20 pair(2
strips), 50 pair(5 strips) and 100 pair(10 strips) MDF size.
Arranged in rows and column, are designated for a
particular tag to locate.
Counting of tag from left to right and top to bottom.

Two MDF are used, one for office side termination and
other is used for terminating out going/far side cables.
ET
And both the MDF are patched with a red-white jumper.
(jumper is a traditional name for a single twisted pair of
IS
copper wire available with 0.5mm/0.6mm diameter
conductor)
IR
For punching the cable on the Krone, a specially designed
punch tool is used called as “Krone tool”.
This tool displaces the insulation and makes connection
between conductor and Krone contacts.
Its better place for keeping protective modules like Fuses,

Gas Discharge Tube and MOV to safeguard the peripheral
ET
modules.
Better place for testing the physical line electrical
parameters.
IS
IR

Standard Connectors:
Various types of connectors are used:
ET
Connectors are meant to make a firm and stable connection
to meet the signal transmission in its fullest without any
loss. It works as a passive device to maintain the
IS
impedance match between two devices connected.
IR
Euro Connector:
32pin- 16 pair, single column
64pin- 32 pair, single or double column
96pin- 48 pair, 3 column

RS232: 5/9/15/25 pin connector for various devices.

RJ11: Registered Jack for connecting a telephone line.
ET
RJ45: Registered Jack for connecting a Ethernet port
FRC cable: 8/16/32/40 and 50 pin Flat Ribbon Cables used
IS
in various devices, units and mother board connections.
IR

ET
IS
IR
Coaxial cables and BNC connector used on it and OFC cable with type of
connectors used on it
ET
IS
IR
Different Types of antennas

All these components together make Telephony
ET
System. The components will change from one
telephony system to another. It is possible to integrate
different Telephony system on one platform. There by
IS
enabling to use different components at different places
IR
as per the customers need.
in the next slide a Connecting Block Diagram is shown.
42
Block Diagram of connectivity from Exchange to

Subscriber premises
Under Ground cables
Location A Location C
DP Way side DP
ET
Location
DB
Location B Location D
DP DP
MDF Sys.
side IS MDF
Far side
IR
Red White open
IDF at Exchange jumper wire 0.5 mm
Telephone
Exchange

ET
IS Over Voltage Protection 10 Pair Krone
IR
Rosette box with RJ11
Connector magazine module
Cable Terminating connectors and integrated protection

modules.

Different Types of Connectors used
RJ45 connector RJ45 Female connector RJ11 connector
ET
Different
IS
IR

Tools used for terminating Cable pair

on KRONE module
ET
IS
IR
KRONE TOOLS Punch Down impact
Tools

Termination points
MDF Wiring
ET
IS Red-White
IR
UTP
jumper

Protection devices used on IDF
ET
Gas Discharge tubes Thermistor
IS
Over Voltage Over current Over Voltage
Thunder SLC Card
Protection
L1 Thermistor
IR
L2
Gas Discharge tubes Resistance
H.T. Lines Fuses Thyristor
Primary Protection on IDF Secondary Protection on Line card
Typical Protection Design

Circuits inside the Telephone

instruments
Key Board Matrix
stage
ET
Sound/Speech
Amplifier
Dialler stage
IS Voltage dropper
stage
IR
Piezo Electric buzzer
Rectifier Protector
Ringer Stage
Stage
L1 L2

Wiring diagram for 1+1 Telephone

system
ET
6 Copper Conductors
LINE
LINE
MAIN IS EXTENSION
IR
+ -
12 V/DC
LINE POWER BUZZER

Digital Phone – Name of the Parts
Message LED
display
ET
Multi line LED
Hand Set display
Function Keys
VOL key
IS
Programmable keys
Dial Key pad
IR
Inbuilt SPK ENTER Key
HOLD Key Navigation Keys
XFER Key
Microphone
LINE Key
SPKR Key

ET
IS
Exchanges used in Indian Railways
IR

 Exchanges used in Indian Railway

 Some of the ISDN Digital Exchanges which are used in
Indian Railways are:
ET
 IRIS- IVDX: it is used as main PBX in Zone or Division
Head Quarter and connected with other zones on
IS
trunk.
 Coral Flexicom 6000 series: this Exchange is also used
IR
as Main Exchange in Zone and Division.
 Various series of coral Flexicom are available. Coral ISBX
5000, Flexicom 6000, IPX 500 and IPX 3000
 Siemens Hipath 3800 and Siemens Hipath 4000 also
used as Main Exchange in Zone/ division Head Quarter.
Facilities provided by Exchanges:
ET
Facilities are three types-
Facilities to subscribers
Facilities to administrator
IS
Facilities to the maintenance persons
IR

Some of the Subscriber’s facilities are,

MFB push button dialing (Multi Frequency Buttons)
- Priority subscriber lines
ET
Toll (outgoing calls) restriction
Abbreviated dialing
Call Forwarding
IS
IR
DND (Do not Disturb)
Conference calls
Camp on busy
Call waiting

 Apart from these exchanges, in some of the Zones and

divisions, Railway board, Delhi Metro Rail, RailTel
ET
Corporation are using IP based communication servers.
 These systems are in parallel with the existing Digital
IS
Exchange network. Interconnectivity has been provided
by RailTel corporation through MPLS cloud using a
IR
centralised routing through NGN server placed at
Secunderabad and NDLS.

Malicious call identification

Call charge print out/immediate billing
Interception or announcement
ET
 Hot line
Automatic wake up
IS
Denied Incoming calls
IR
Instrument locking / dynamic locking
Free of charge calls / Toll free
Camp on busy
Call waiting
Facilities to administration:
Reduce switch room accommodation
Faster installation and easy extension
ET
Versatility
Economic consideration
IS
Automatic test of subscriber line
IR

 Maintenance Facilities:
Fault processing is automatic.
ET
Diagnostics: Location of fault by maintenance
staff on demand can be done by program.
Statistical programs - traffic condition, trunk occupancy
IS
rate etc. - Blanking - Stopping of calls from subscribers.
IR

ET
Thank you
IS
IR
60

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TCS1 – TELEPHONE INSTRUMENTS

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 1

In any voice telephony systems may it be analog

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 2

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 3

Any conventional Telephone instrument consist of

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 4

 The dialed digits can be send in the form of

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 5

Digital Key Telephones consists of all above but with

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 6

Telephone Key Pad

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 7

Display units (single line or Multiple line)for displaying the

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 8

Various types of Telephone instruments are:

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 9

Different Types of Phones

The apparatus that are used for transmitting and receiving

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 10

Picture of 1+1 Plan Telephone System

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 11

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 12

Conversation between two subscribers

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 13

Protection devices are used on IDF

Red-White open twisted jumper

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 14

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 16

Any conventional Telephone instrument consist of

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 17

The dialed digits can be send in the form of pulses or

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 18

Digital Key Telephones consists of all above but with some

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 19

Display units (single line or Multiple line)for displaying the

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 20

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 21

 These functions are carried out through a predefined

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 22

 Depending up on the design of the equipment, the SPC

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 23

All Equipments, here we refer them as “exchange” in

PRI (Primary Rate interface, the primary rate in digitally

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 25

 BRI (Basic Rate Interface, the basic Rate in digitally

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 26

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 27

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 29

 Control peripherals may be duplicated control (1+1 HSB)

 Caller ID interface: provides callers name display to

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 32

 Indoor cables does not require that much of protection

Main distribution Frame:

Counting of tag from left to right and top to bottom.

Its better place for keeping protective modules like Fuses,

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 37

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 38

RS232: 5/9/15/25 pin connector for various devices.

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 39

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 41

Block Diagram of connectivity from Exchange to

18/04/2020 IRISET/SECUNDERABAD VER.1.0 43