Rates or reaction notes

 Mean Rate of a chemical reaction = quantity of reactant used ÷ time

 Collision Theory
Increasing Surface Area:
1. The smaller the size of the solid particles, the higher the Surface Area so the solid is
expose to the reactant
2. Higher surface area to volume ratio
3. More frequent collisions  Rate of reaction increases

Increasing Temperature:
1. Particles gain energy
2. They start to move quicker
3. More frequent collisions  Rate of reaction increases

Increasing concentration and pressure:

1. More particles per unit volume
2. More frequent collisions  Rate of reaction increases

 Catalysts – Speeds up a reaction but remains chemically unchanged. Provides a

shorter pathway with a lower activation energy (minimum amount of energy
required for a reaction to happen).

 Nanoparticles can be used as catalysts because…...

1. High surface area : volume ratio

2. Small amounts of it used
3. Sustainable in industry