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NAME:……………………….…….. STREAM…………………………………

SENIOR six
P530/1

Biology
PAPER 1
Exam 19
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Answer all questions in both sections A and B
 Answers to Section A questions must be written in the boxes
provided
 Answers to Section B should be written in spaces provided.
 No additional sheets of paper should be inserted in this booklet.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Section Marks
A (1 – 40 )

B 41

42

43
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44

45

46

Total

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 SECTION A:

1. Cells which do not have nuclei die because they do not have;
A: Centrioies and cannot divide
B: Mitochondria and cannot release energy
C: mRNA and cannot transcribe DNA
D: Ribosomes and cannot synthesis proteins

2. A baby benefits from having lactose in the milk instead of a monosaccharide because?
A: Condensation of disaccharide enables rapid production of glycogen
B: Disaccharide can be transported across membranes for more rapid absorption
C: Disaccharide has a higher energy value than triglycerides
D: hydrolysis of glycosidic bond gives a gradual release of monosaccharides

3. Some viruses bind to the cell surface membrane before entering the host cell. The
sequence of events would involve binding to:
A: A cholesterol molecule, followed by endocytosis
B: A glycoprotein receptor, followed by exocytosis
C: To a protein receptor, followed by endocytosis
D: The hydrophilic portion of a phospholipid, followed by exocytosis

4. Which of the following is true about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?
A: The less unsaturated the fatty acid tails of the phospholipid, the more fluid the
membrane
B: The more unsaturated the fatty acid tails of the phopholipid, the more fluid the
membrane
C: The higher the temperature, the less fluid the membrane
D: the lower the temperature, the more fluid the membrane

5. During sexual reproduction, a reduction division occurs before fertilization to;

A: increase genetic variation
B: prevent doubling of the chromosome
C: prevent doubling of chromosome number and reduce chances of a mutation
D: Reduce chances of a mutation

5. When colchicines are applied to a cell during mitosis, the cell will stop dividing after
reaching?
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A: anaphase B: metaphase C: prophase D: telophase

6. The girth of a tree is less at mid day and increases at mid night because;
A: mineral uptake by the root hair cells decreases during the night
B: stomata close during the night
C: phloem sieve tubes fill with dissolved solutes

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 D: there is less tension in the xylem

7. Sucrose and amino acids can move in different directions in the phloem sieve tubes
because;
A: active transport occurs in some tubes and mass flow in the other
B: both active transport and mass flow occur in each sieve tube
C: mass flow occurs in both directions
D: mass flow occurs in different directions at the same time

7. The protein structure which makes it easier for haemoglobin to bind with the next
oxygen molecule is
A: primary and quaternary B: primary and secondary
C: secondary and tertiary D: tertiary and quaternary

8. Both B and T lymphocytes;

A: become active when a specific antibody binds to their surface receptor
B: Divide to form clones when in contact with lymphokines in a cell
C: Produce memory cells
D: Release hormones like cytokines that stimulates release of antibodies

9. Which soil would have the smallest number of denitrifying bacteria?

A: compressed agricultural soil B: poorly drained forest soil
C: water logged clay soil D: well aerated garden soil

10. In a prokaryote DNA is;

A: associated with a protein B: in a circular form
C: in the form of a double spiral D: surrounded by membrane system.

11. The large surface area of the cristae in the mitochondria would be important for
A: Energy radiation B: enzyme reaction
C: gaseous exchange D: protein synthesis

12. The property of water responsible for minimizing temperature changes in cells is its;
A: cohesion B: heat of vaporization
o
C: maximum density at 4 C D: specific heat capacity

13. When pressure in the ventricles reaches its maximum;

A: semi lunar and atrio-ventricular valves both close
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B: semi lunar and atrio-ventricular valves open

C: semi lunar valve open and atrio-ventricular valve close
D: both semi lunar valve and atrio-ventricular valve open

14. Venous blood pressure rises when you stand still for a long time because;
A: of contraction of muscles in the walls of veins
B: blood is not moved upward in the vein by the skeletal muscles

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 C: systolic blood pressure increases
D: of failure of the semi lunar valve in the vein
15. A companion cell in the phloem tissue provides;
A: cytoplasmic contact with the sieve tube for loading
B: structural support for the sieve tube element
C: the nucleus for cell division in the phloem
D: the source for assimilates for storage

16. Antibiotics used in animal feed to reduce disease should not be used in the treatment of
human disease because;
A: humans may be allergic to this antibiotic
B: human cells may stop responding to these antibiotics
C: pathogenic bacteria may develop resistance to antibiotics
D: useful gut bacteria may be killed by these antibiotics

17. The diagram shows the relationship between the red bone marrow, the thymus gland and
lymph nodes.
Red bone marrow

Thymus gland

Lymph node X

X represents;
A: Antibodies B: ;B-lymphocytes C: Macrophages D: T-lymphocytes

18. Which statement is true for cellulose but not protein? It

A: is found in cell surface membrane B: is synthesized from identical subunits
C: used as an energy source D: may be a structural component

19. During transpiration, the site of evaporation of water in the leaves is

A: air spaces B: mesophyll cell walls
C: stomata D: walls of xylem vessels
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20. Which graph represents the relationship between temperature and rate of photosynthesis?

A: B:
photos
ynthes

osyn
thesi
Rate

Rate

phot
of

of
is

s
temperature temperature

C: D:
photosy
Rate of

nthesis

photo
synth
Rate

esis
of
temperature temperature
20. Mucus membranes protect the body against infectious disease by
A: forming a barrier B: producing antibodies
C: releasing phagocytic leucotytes D: absorbing mucus

21. In what sequence do these hormones reach their maximum level from the start of
menstruation?
A: LH, progesterone, FSH, oestrogen B: FSH, progesterone, LH, oestrogen
C: LH, oestrogen, FSH, progesterone D: FSH, oestrogen, LH, progesterone

22. The diagram shows part of the structure of the cell membrane. Which of these parts
carries out active transport?

A B C
D

23. The role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is to;

A: provide energy for the Krebs cycle
B: Allow glycolysis of hexose sugars
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C: Accept electrons at the end of the electron transport system

D: Accept hydrogen from NADH + H+

24. The first identifiable product of carbon dioxide fixation is;

A: RuBp B: Glycerate – 3 – phosphate C: Triose phosphate D: acetyl CoA

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25. A diploid cell contains allele R and r on one pair of homologous chromosomes and allele
S and s on the other pair. How many combinations of these alleles could appear in the
gametes after meiosis?
A: 1 B: 2 C: 4 D: 16

26. Genes P, Q, R, S are located on the same chromosome. The cross over values between
them are; P – Q 20%, P – R 30%, P – S 15%, Q – R 10%, Q – S 35% , R – S 45%.
What is the sequence of these genes in the gene map?
A: S,P,Q,R B: R,P,Q,S C: P,R,S,Q D: Q,S,R,P

27. Oxides of nitrogen are looked at as green house gases because they;
A: trap long wave radiations emitted by the earth’s surface
B: prevent short wave radiations from reaching the earth’s surface
C: dissolve in water to produce acid rain
D: are not naturally produced like CO2 and methane.

28. After an impulse has passed the neuromuscular junction, the calcium ions
A: pumped out of the motor neuron into the synaptic gap
B:diffuse into the motor neuron through ion channels
C: diffuse across the synaptic gap and bind to receptors on post synaptic membrane
D: bind to neurotransmitter in the synaptic gap

29. The capillaries between the Glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule have high
permeability because of
A: Absence of ADH
B: Penetrations of the capillary wall
C: High concentration of plasma proteins
D: low blood pressure in the capillary

30. Which of the following is essential for the transpiration stream to occur?
A: latent heat of vaporization B: water solvent properties
C: capillary action D: cohesive forces

31. Observation of a cell showed it to have ribosomes, a slime capsule and a single circular
chromosome. What else could be seen?
A: rough endoplasmic reticulum B: mitochondria
C: Nuclear membrane D: Plasmid
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32. The result of first mitotic divisions during early embryonic development is?
A: increase in number of chromosome per cell B: increase in size of cell
C: decrease in amount of cytoplasm per cell D: growth in the size of the embryo

33. Recombination of unlinked genes normally occurs as a result of

A: crossing over in prophase 1 B: random chromosome assortment
C: failure of spindles to form D: random gene mutations

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34. Identification of how characteristics are inherited in humans is sometimes difficult
because
A: most genes are linked B: rates of mutations are high
C: inheritance may be polygenic D: environment varies all the time.

35. The uptake of Ca2+ ions in synaptic transmission is triggered by;

A: influx of Na+ ions only
B: release of neurotransmitter
C: depolarization of the post synaptic membrane
D: arrival of the impulse in the pre-synaptic membrane

36. In which part of the kidney is glucose most reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate?
A: Glomerulus B: proximal convoluted tubule
C: loop of Henle D: distal convoluted tubule

37. Which of these graphs show how surface area to volume ratio change with increase in cell
size?
area/vo

Surfa

area/
Surfac

volu
lume

me
A: B:
ce
e
Surf

ume
area
/vol

Surf

ume
area
/vol
ace

ace

C: D:

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 SECTION B:

38. Carbohydrates and lipids are useful energy sources in cells

(a) Explain the difference in the energy values of carbohydrates and lipids as energy
sources

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(b) The graph below shows the RQ values of a mouse at different air temperatures

(i) Using the information in the graph, explain the relationship between RQ and air
temperature.
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 (ii) State a circumstance under which RQ would rise over 1.01.
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39. Parasitic wasps can be used as a biological control of white flies. Wasps were released
into a glass house at the same time to find out which one was more effective. The graph
shows the changes in the population of both species during the period of study.

Species one

Species two

(a) (i) What is meant by biological pest control?

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(ii) Explain the changes in the population size of species one

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(b) Outline four advantages of using biological control rather than pesticides in the
control of pests.
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40. The table below shows the excretion of urea in the urine of a healthy student on high and
low protein diets.

Diet Protein intake/g per day Daily output of urea/g

High protein 189 21.4
Low protein 56 8.5

(a) Calculate the percentage difference in the daily output of urea between the two diets
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in relation to the total daily urea output.

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(b) Explain the difference in the output of urea between the two diets.
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(c) (i) Suggest reasons why many aquatic organisms excrete ammonia rather than urea
as the end product of protein metabolism
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(ii) Sate two ways other than ability to osmoregulate that a freshwater animal
utilizes to prevent over dilution of its tissues. .
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41. In cats short hair is dominant over long hair, the gene involved is autosomal. Another
gene which is sex linked produces hair color, its alleles produces black or white coat color
and the heterozygote combination produces tortoise shell color.
(a) If a long haired black male is mated with a tortoise shelled female homozygous for
short hair, what kind of offsprings will be produced in F1?
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 ................................................................................................................................................
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(b) (i) If the F1 cats are allowed to interbreed freely among themselves, what are the
chances of obtaining long haired males.
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(ii) Apart from being sex linked what else can you say about the inheritance of the gene
for coat color?
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42. (a) What is meant by the term genetic equilibrium?

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(c) Suggest four reasons why populations in genetic equilibrium fail to evolve.
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(c) State two instances where the evolution of one species has been influenced by the
evolution of another.
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(d) Explain the importance of extinction in the evolution of new species.
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43. (a) State three advantages of panting to sweating.

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(b) Explain why panting can result into the following conditions.
(i) Excessive alkalinity of blood.
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(ii) Increased heat production.
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(c)State one metabolic way endothermic animals use in hot conditions to control body
temperature.

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