BONES and SKELETALMUSCLES ABDUCTION: Moving away from midline of the body.

ADDUCTION: Moving towards midline of the body.

The bones provide structure, give protection, serve as lervers,
CIRCUMDUCTION: Circular motion.
store calcium, and produce blood cells.
INVERSION: Moving inward.
The body consist of three types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, EVERSION: Moving outward
and cardiac.

The musculoskeletal system is made up of 650 skeletal

muscles (voluntary) muscles, which are under conscious
control.

It also assist with posture, produce body heat, and allow the
body to move.

JOINT INVERSION EVERSION

Is the place where two or more bones meet. Joints provide a
variety of range of motion (ROM) for the body parts.

A. FIBROUS - are joined by fibous connective tissues and are

immovable (sutures between skull bones)

B. CARTILAGINOUS - are joined by cartilaginous joints (joints

between the vertebrae)

C. SYNOVIAL- contains a space between the bones that is

filled with synovial fluid, a lubricant that promotes sliding
movement of the end of the bones (shoulder, wrist, hips,
knees, ankles

SKELETAL MUSCLE MOVEMENTS:

EXTENSION: Straightening the extremity at the joint and

increasing the angle of the joint.
- HYPEREXTENTION: Joint bends greater than 180 degrees
FLEXION: Bending the extremities at the joint and decreasing
the angle of the joint.
- DORSIFLEXION: Toes draw upward to ankle
- PLANTAR FLEXION: Toes point away from ankle
 PRONATION: Turning or facing downward
SUPINATION: Turning or facing upward
PROTRACTION: Moving forward
RETRACTION: Moving backward

PRONATION: Turning or facing downward

SUPINATION: Turning or facing upward
PROTRACTION: Moving forward
RETRACTION: Moving backward
ROTATION: Turning of a bone on its own long axis
- INTERNAL ROTATION: Turning of a bone towards the center
of the body.
- EXTERNAL ROTATION: Turning of a bone away from the
center of the body.

SKELETAL MUSCLE MOVEMENTS:

PRONATION: Turning or facing downward

SUPINATION: Turning or facing upward
PRONATION: Turning or facing downward
SUPINATION: Turning or facing upward
PROTRACTION: Moving forward
RETRACTION: Moving backward
ROTATION: Turning of a bone on its own long axis
- INTERNAL ROTATION: Turning of a bone towards the center
of the body.
- EXTERNAL ROTATION: Turning of a bone away from the
center of the body
MAJOR SEGMENTS:

UPPER LIMB

BLOOD FLOW

VERNOUS BLOOD TOWARDS THE DEOXYGENATED

FLOW HEART BLOOD

ARTERIAL AWAY FROM OXYGENATED

BLOOD FLOW THE HEART BLOOD
ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW

SHOULDER

ARTERIAL
 FOREARM

ARM
HAND