- TABLE OF CONTENTS -

SECTION A: DEVELOPMENT OF SELF IN SOCIETY……………………………2 - 8

Question 1: Teenage pregnancy: (10 marks)………………………………………..2 - 3

Question 2: Life roles: (20 marks)…………………………………………………….4 - 6

Question 3: Interviews: (10 marks)……………………………………………………7 - 8

SECTION B: CAREER AND CAREER CHOICES………………………………...9 - 11

Question 4: (25 marks)………………………………………………………………...9 - 11

SECTION C: PHYSICAL EDUCATION:………………………………………………..12

BIBLIOGRAPHY:…………………………………………………………………….13 - 16

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SECTION A: DEVELOPMENT OF SELF IN SOCIETY
Question 1: Teenage pregnancy: (10 marks)

1.1. Kutlwano Moepeng fell pregnant at age sixteen.

1.2. Kutlwano said that motherhood was “daunting and overwhelming”, because
she felt as if she was immature and unprepared to become a mother, and to have
the responsibility of being a mother.

1.3. As a result of the stigma associated with teenage pregnancy, Kutlwano felt
ashamed and judged by the people around her. She also felt those around her
looking at her with “eyes of shame”.

1.4. After having a baby, Kutlwano's social life was greatly and negatively affected
in the following ways: she can no longer socialise with her friends after school
because she now has to take care of her baby and focus on her academics, and
she cannot attend her extra classes on Saturdays because she does not want
those around her to think and assume that she is taking advantage of and
abusing her grandmother's kindness of taking care of her child when she is
unable to do so.

1.5. "Lack of Parental Involvement or Support": (Wagle, 2019).

When parents are absent, detached, or unwilling to discuss sex and contraception
topics, teenagers may seek information from untrustworthy sources or engage in
sexual activities without proper protection.

Peer Pressure:

Teenagers tend to be influenced by peer pressure and the desire to fit in with their
peers. Teenagers may engage in risky sexual behaviours without using
contraception if their peers do so “without fully understanding the consequences and
without thinking logically about the situation.” (Causes and effects of teen pregnancy,
2016).

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Low Socioeconomic Status:

Teenagers from “low socioeconomic backgrounds” (Causes and effects of teen

pregnancy, 2016). may have limited access to healthcare, “including sexual health

services and contraception.” (Causes and effects of teen pregnancy, 2016). They

may lack the resources and information needed to effectively prevent pregnancies.

(Causes and effects of teen pregnancy, 2016).

"Media and Cultural Influences": (Causes and effects of teen pregnancy, 2016).

Media, such as films, shows, and social media shows romanticised or unrealistic
views of teenage pregnancy." (Causes and effects of teen pregnancy,
2016). Furthermore, cultural norms and attitudes regarding early parenthood can
shape teenagers' views on pregnancy and parenthood, leading some to become
pregnant to "gain status or acceptance." (Causes and effects of teen pregnancy,
2016).

Inadequate Comprehensive Sex Education:

Many teenagers do not have access to comprehensive sex education, which

provides accurate information about sexual health, contraception methods, and
making responsible decisions. (Wagle, 2019). They may engage in unprotected sex
without being aware of the consequences due to the lack of
knowledge, therefore resulting in unintended pregnancies.

1.6. Apart from unwanted pregnancy, two other risks of having unprotected sex
are contracting HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection and contracting a
STD (sexually transmitted disease) or STI (sexually transmitted infection).
(Sexual risk behaviours, centres for disease control and prevention, 2023).

1.7. The safest way to prevent the risks associated with having unprotected sex is
to use safe contraceptives (Causes and effects of teen pregnancy, 2016) and
abstain.

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Question 2: Life roles: (20 marks)

2.1. The definition of the term adolescence is: “the period following the onset of
puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult” (Oxford,
2020), as well as “a transitional stage of physical and psychological
development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood.”
(Wikipedia, 2023)

“Adolescent transition is characterized by significant changes in emotions,

psychological wellbeing, social relationships, and physical development, making it a
crucial period for transformation from childhood to adulthood.” (Eccles et al., 2003)

The increased depth of emotional changes gets more complicated during

adolescence, which adds more complexity to a transformative phase of a teen’s life.
These emotions can be difficult to handle as dealing with stronger emotions that you
have not experienced beforehand can be overwhelming. Also, you may be dealing
with learning how to navigate and control your feelings which may be influenced by
your peers, therefore making it more difficult to handle these emotions. (Two reasons
why the increased depth of emotional changes, 2023).

2.2. The term “life roles” refers to “the different positions or functions that a person
occupies in society, such as student, worker, friend, parent, etc.” (What is meant by
the term life roles?, 2023).

Teenagers can deal with the changes in their current life roles by engaging in
communication with trusted individuals who have been through this phase in life or
who are undergoing similar changes. Sharing thoughts and feelings with others who
understand you are going through can help you to better understand these changes
and feel supported during this time.

Teenagers should also prioritise self-care by engaging in activities that help you to
relax and destress from the everyday challenges during this change in your current
life role. (How teenagers could deal with the changes in their current life roles as

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they navigate the new phase of their lives, 2023). This could include spending time
with friends and family and participating in your favourite hobbies.

2.3. It is important for adolescents to research opportunities within different career

fields during this time because they will soon have to take on a life role of being an
employee or an employer. This means that they will have to accept and understand
the future responsibilities that they will have, and by researching different career
fields they will have a better understanding of what their responsibilities will be in
their chosen career field. (Eccles et al., 2003).

During this time, teenagers have limited life experience and are facing increased
amounts of stress due to the changes during this challenging time. However, during
this time, they must start to navigate their career development effectively, therefore it
is important that they research different career opportunities to make the career
decision that is best suited to them. By researching opportunities within different
career fields, teenagers can find the careers that they are interested in, that they
potentially will do well in, and the one that is best suited to their skills and interests.

2.4. Adolescents may experience, bullying and social isolation where they may
experience verbal or physical harassment from peers which can lead to being
socially excluded and feeling isolated from your peers. They may also experience
feeling left out if they are not a part of or included in certain cliques or social groups
leading to feeling rejected and inadequate. Furthermore, they may experience peer
pressure, whereby they may be pressured to conform to certain behaviour engaging
in harmful activities such as underage drinking, smoking and the illegal use of drugs.
(Three negative social challenges that adolescents might experience from their peer
group, 2023).

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2.5. Adolescence often brings about hormonal changes which can lead to acne and
other skin problems. This can cause them to feel embarrassed and be self-conscious
of their skin, which may lead to them withdrawing from social interactions, therefore
straining their relationships with peers and friends.

Teenagers will experience various body changes during this time such as a change
in physical appearance which may lead to them feeling discomfort which will
potentially influence how they interact with peers as they may compare themselves
to those around them and on social media. Therefore, they may be hesitant to
engage in activities or relationships with peers because they will be concerned about
peers judging them and making them feel embarrassed about natural changes to
their body.

If a teenager develops a physical disability or a visible health condition during

adolescence, certain conditions may require teenagers to use health assistance
devices such as hearing aids which may alter their physical appearance and limit
their physical abilities. Peers may struggle with understanding the challenges faced
certain people with a condition or disability which may lead to the teenager being
excluded from peer groups. This can affect their self-esteem and confidence, which
strains their ability to connect with others and navigate peer relationships.
(Adolescent development – the promise of adolescence, 2019).

2.6.

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Question 3: Interviews: (10 marks)

3.1. Interviewee number 1 showed a negative change in her relationship with her
parents between primary school and now. Her relationship with her parents used to
be very intimate, comfortable, and close, but has now become tense, less reliant and
a bit distant.

Interviewee number 2 showed one negative change and one positive change in her
relationship with her parents between primary school and now. She stated that in
primary school, she felt more comfortable and safer around her mother, and scared
of her abusive father. This relationship has now evolved into a slightly more positive
relationship with her father, and a slightly negative relationship with her mother. Her
father has stopped being abusive, and through this change interviewee number 2
has gotten a bit closer to her father. The interviewee’s relationship with her mother
has grown distant, as her mother has started a new family and is preoccupied with
her new family, which leads to interviewee number 2 feeling distant and not cared for
as much as her other siblings by her mother.

Interviewee number 3 showed a positive and stable relationship with her parents
between primary school and now. Her relationship with her parents when she was
younger, was supportive, intimate, fun, and loving. The interviewee’s relationship
with her parents has remained stable, and still consists of the qualities that she
shared with her parents when she was in primary school, and this relationship has
experienced a positive change, the interviewee’s parents have become more lenient
and trustful of her.

Interviewee number 4 showed a stable relationship with her parents between primary
school and now. Her relationship with her parents in primary school was “healthy and
great”, her parents were protective over her, and they always made time for her. This
relationship with the interviewee’s parents has remained constant and stable,
although she does not always agree with what her parents say, she is grateful for the
helpful advice that they give her, as well as for the fact that her parents are more
trustworthy now.

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3.2. Interviewee number 1:

Due to her parents being overly strict and allowing her certain freedoms as a
teenager, the relationship between her and her parents has changed from that of a
close relationship, to one that is a bit distant.

Interviewee number 2:

This change in her relationship with her parents could have been caused by the
divorce of her parents when she was younger, as well as her mother’s remarriage.
These events have led to her mother becoming preoccupied with her new family and
paying less attention to Interviewee number 2. Due to this strained relationship
between her and her mother, she has seeked comfort in her biological father,
therefore leading to her relationship with her biological father to strengthen a bit
more.

Interviewee number 3:

During adolescence her parents were more understanding and lenient with her
freedom, she was able to build a strong, honest, and open relationship with her
parents. This has led to a stable relationship with her parents, as well as the positive
advantage of her parents become more lenient and trustworthy of her. This slight
change has resulted due to the interviewee growing up and now being in high
school.

Interviewee number 4:

During primary school, her relationship with her parents was positive and healthy,
and has now changed into a more mature relationship that is more trusting. This
change has come about due to the interviewee growing up, and now being in high
school, therefore the interviewee trusts her parents more, and feels comfortable with
them.

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SECTION B: CAREER AND CAREER CHOICES

Question 4: (25 marks)

4.1. One career that I am interested in pursuing is a career in medicine, specifically

ophthalmology.

4.2. The career of ophthalmology falls under the tertiary sector. This career falls
under the tertiary sector because it is a profession that provides services to people. It
is a career that does not involve producing goods or making anything, but "it
supports the primary and secondary economic sectors."(Rooth et al., 2011).

4.3. Personality and career choices, according to John Holland's theory, are
inextricably intertwined. He has divided people and careers into six categories. The
six categories are as follows: "Realistic (R), Investigative (I), Artistic (A), Social (S),
Enterprising (E), and Conventional (C). (Heiser, 2006). These six categories can be
shortened into the well-known acronym RIASEC.

4.4. The career that I have chosen fits under the category of social. This is because
the "social" category is also referred to as "helper". Being an ophthalmologist
requires helping others, such as patients, by performing medical treatments for them.
"Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and
teaching people."(Glasser, 2016). Social occupations also often involve helping or
providing services to others. (Glasser, 2016). Ophthalmologists help others and
provide services to people as doctors do to their patients, as well as wanting and
liking to help people, which is also another characteristic of John Holland's theory's
"social" personality type.

Doctors, such as ophthalmologists, are also required to give information to their

patients about their conditions as well as counsel them. Ophthalmologists and other
types of doctors should be helpful, trustworthy, and friendly.

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4.5. Workplace values are like guiding principles that shape how people work. These
core values help them make good choices in their job, guiding important decisions
and career paths. Following these values helps people stay honest, make ethical
choices, and contribute positively to their workplace. (Understanding Workplace
Values, 2017).

4.6. I possess the following personal qualities that are essential for pursuing a career
in ophthalmology:

Being a good communicator. (What makes a good doctor?, 2023). This is crucial for
doctors because it helps build trust with patients, making them more comfortable
sharing their concerns. It also ensures patients understand their conditions and
treatments, leading to better health outcomes. Doctors need to work well with other
healthcare professionals, and clear communication helps prevent mistakes.
Excellent communication also provides emotional support to patients and maintains
a smooth healthcare team. I am good at communicating with those around me, as
well as communicating with strangers, and I enjoy working in a team.

Being organized is crucial for doctors because it helps prevent mistakes that could
harm patients. Doctors have busy schedules, so being organized helps them
manage their time and tasks well. (What makes a good doctor?, 2023). It is also
important for making ethical decisions and communicating effectively with patients
and other staff. Being organized and careful builds patient trust and ensures better
medical care. I am very organised in my schoolwork, and in my time management.

Being curious is essential for doctors because it helps them learn more about
medical matters, leading to better patient care. It also improves their problem-solving
skills and makes them open to innovative ideas and changes in medicine. (What
makes a good doctor?, 2023). Curious doctors are more understanding of patients'
needs and can communicate better with them. In school, and at home, I enjoy taking
initiative to find out more about many things. I have had a curious mind since I was
younger.

4.7. One reason why careers in the tertiary sector may be appealing to some
teenagers is that they offer more flexibility and creativity. (Why careers in the tertiary

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economic sector are appealing, 2021). This flexibility can be seen in terms of work
hours and location, which may be appealing to teenagers who want to have a work-
life balance. Careers in the tertiary sector also involve creativity in terms of thinking
and problem-solving, which can be intriguing for teenagers who enjoy being creative
and innovative, which helps in providing services or solutions to problems.

4.8. Teenagers could increase their knowledge about careers in all economic sectors
to make informed decisions about which course of action to take when choosing their
career path by attending career expos and career events hosted by schools as well
as in the community, and they can also seek career guidance from career
counsellors at their schools. (Ways in which teenagers can learn about different
careers, 2023).

Attending career expos and career events hosted by schools and in the community
can give teenagers a one-on-one experience with individuals who are already
working in the different careers in the three economic sectors. They can gain advice
and knowledge from people who have experience in different career fields and then
decide which career path is most suited to them.

By seeking career guidance from career counsellors at schools, teenagers can have
a more personal and targeted one-on-one experience about their career choices.
This is because their career counsellor can help them choose a career path to follow
as they have known the teenager as a student and will be able to advise teenagers
on their careers according to their interests, values, qualities, and personalities.

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SECTION C: PHYSICAL EDUCATION:
(5 x 2 = 10 marks)

To exercise safely, it is crucial to follow certain guidelines to prevent injury. Injury can
be prevented during exercise in the following ways:

Warm-up and cool-down correctly: Begin with a dynamic warm-up to increase blood
flow and loosen muscles, lowering the risk of strains and sprains. Cool down
gradually after exercise to lower your heart rate and promote flexibility, which will aid
in recovery.

Wear the appropriate footwear and clothing for your chosen activity. Impact and
friction injuries can be avoided by wearing well-fitting, supportive shoes and any
necessary protective gear. (9 tips for avoiding injuries during exercise, 2020).

Gradual Progression: Try not to push yourself too hard too soon. Increase the
intensity, duration, and weight gradually to give your body time to adapt and reduce
the risk of overuse injuries. (9 tips for avoiding injuries during exercise, 2020).

Correct Form: Using proper form during exercises reduces stress on joints and
muscles. (9 tips for avoiding injuries during exercise, 2020). Seek the advice of a
professional or trainer to ensure that your exercise movements are performed
correctly and safely.

Rest and recovery: Getting enough rest in between workouts is critical. Overtraining
can cause fatigue, which weakens your body's defences against injury. (9 tips for
avoiding injuries during exercise, 2020).

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 - BIBLIOGRAPHY -

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