CHAPTER 4 - BUILDING COMMUNICATION AND VENTILATION

1. Which of the following is not a function of a window?

a) To admit light into the building b) To admit air to the building
c) To admit water to the building d) To provide thermal insulation

Answer: c) Explanation: A window serves many functional purposes. It is used to allow in

light and air in a building. It is also used to provide thermal insulation to the building. In
some cases, it may provide sound insulation as well.

2. A window should be located on the __________ side of a room as seen from the point of
view of fresh air.
a) Eastern b) Northern c) Western d) Southern

Answer: b) Explanation: A window should be located on the northern side of a room as seen
from the point of fresh air. This would let the fresh air inside the building and will provide
good ventilation.

3. A door should not be located in the centre of a wall.

a) True b) False

Answer: a) Explanation: A door should not be located in the centre of a wall. It should be
located in such a way that it meets the functional necessities of the room. It should be
located near the corner of the room.

4. Which of the following factors does not determine the selection of the location of a
window?
a) Size of the room b) Location of the room
c) Number of bricks used d) Direction of wind

Answer: c) Explanation: There are various factors that are used to determine the selection
of the location of a window. These include the size of the room, the location of the room, the
utility of the room and the direction of the wind.

5. Which of the following rules is used in order to select the location of a window?
a) Height of window = 1/8 (width of room + breadth of room)
b) Breadth of window = 1/8 (width of room + height of room)
c) Length of window = 1/8 (width of room + breadth of room)
d) Width of window = 1/8 (height of room + breadth of room)

Answer: b) Explanation: While selecting the location of a window, it should be kept in mind
that the breadth of the window must be equal to one-eighth the sum of width of the room
and the height of the room. This results in achieving better ventilation.

6. The minimum area of windows should be __________ of the floor area in case of public
buildings.
a) 10% b) 15% c) 20% d) 25%
Answer: c) Explanation: The minimum area of windows should be 20% of the floor area in
case of public buildings. Climatic conditions such as humidity and temperature are also
taken into account while considering the selection of location of a window in a public
building.

7. The length of a module as recommended by Indian Standard is __________

a) 100 mm b) 100 cm c) 10 mm d) 50 mm

Answer: a) Explanation: According to the Indian Standard, number of modules indicates the
width and height of an opening. The recommended length of a module is 100 mm.

8. In the designation 6 WS 12, the letter S stands for __________

a) Window opening b) Single shutter c) Double shutter d) Height of opening

Answer: b) Explanation: The designation 6 WS 12 denotes a window opening with single

shutter where the letter W stands for window opening and the letter S stands for a single
shutter. It tells that the width of the opening is 6 modules and height is 12 modules.

9. In the designation 10 WT 13, letter T stands for _________

a) Double shutter b) Single shutter c) Window opening d) Height of opening

Answer: a) Explanation: In the designation 10 WT 13, the letter W stands for window
opening and the letter T stands for double shutters. It tells that the width of the opening is
10 modules and height is 13 modules.

10. The panels are fully glazed in a __________ window.

a) Sliding window b) Sash window c) Double hung window d) Fixed window

Answer: b) Explanation: The panels are fully glazed in a sash window. It is a type of
casement window. It consists of sash bars to which glass panes are fixed by means of
glazing beads.

11.Which of the following components of a door is an assembly of horizontal and vertical

members?
a) Shutter b) Frame c) Frog d) Nogging

Answer: b) Explanation: A door consists mainly of two parts – door frame and door shutter.
A frame is an assembly of horizontal and vertical members which is attached in the opening
of the wall by hold-fasts.

12. ____________ is the top horizontal part of a frame.

a) Head b) Shutter c) Style d) Rail

Answer: a) Explanation: Head is the top horizontal part of a frame. A shutter is a component
of door fixed to a frame. Style and rail are the components of a door shutter.

13. __________ is the openable part of a door or window.

a) Frame b) Rail c) Shutter d) Sill
Answer: c) Explanation: A shutter is the openable part of a door or window. It is held in
position with the help of the door frame. A door frame is generally made up of wood.

14. Which of the following is not a component of a door shutter?

a) Style b) Panel c) Frame d) Rail

Answer: c
Explanation: A door shutter comprises of styles, panels and rails. There are mainly three
types of rails – top rail, lock rail and bottom rail.

15. _______ is the bottom-most horizontal part of a frame.

a) Head b) Sill c) Brace d) Style

Answer: b) Explanation: Sill is the bottom-most horizontal part of a frame. A head is the top
horizontal part of a frame. Braces are the inclined members provided for braced doors.
Style is a component of a door shutter.

16. Sills are normally not provided in door frames.

a) True b) False

Answer: a) Explanation: Sills are normally not provided in door frames. They are generally
provided for window frames only and are defined as the lowermost part of a window frame.

17. _______ is the vertical outer member of the shutter.

a) Style b) Top rail c) Lock rail d) Bottom rail

Answer: a) Explanation: The vertical outer member of the shutter is known as style. Top rail,
lock rail and bottom rail are the horizontal members of a door shutter.

18. _______ is a horizontal projection of the head and sill of a frame.

a) Ledge b) Horn c) Batten d) Shutter

Answer: b
Explanation: A horn is a horizontal projection of the head and sill of a frame. Battened and
ledged doors are made of vertical bonds known as battens which are fixed with the help of
horizontal supports known as ledges.

19. The length of the horn is _____________

a) 10-15 cm b) 15-20 cm c) 25-30 cm d) 30-35 cm

Answer: a) Explanation: The length of the horn is generally about 10-15 cm. It is used to
facilitate the fixing of the frame in the wall opening.

20. _____________ is the top horizontal member of a shutter.

a) Head b) Top rail c) Style d) Sill

Answer: b) Explanation: The top rail is the top horizontal member of the shutter. The middle
horizontal member of the shutter is the lock rail and the lowermost horizontal member of the
shutter is called the bottom rail.
21.A __________ is defined as a sequence of steps and it is provided to afford the means
of Ascent and Descent between the floors or landings.
a) Stair b) Beam c) Roof d) Sidewalk

Answer: a) Explanation: The apartment or room of building, in which the stair is located, is
known as a staircase and opening or space occupied by stair is known as a Stairway.

22. _________ is the vertical member which is fixed between string and handrail to give
support to the handrail.
a) Baluster b) Balustrade c) Flight d) Barrister
Answer: a) Explanation: The combined framework of handrail and balusters is known as
balustrade or barrister. Whereas , flight is defined as an unbroken series of step between
the landing.
23. The incline rail over the string is known as a _________
a) Headroom b) Landing c) Handrail d) Heading
Answer: c) Explanation: Handrail is generally moulded and some forms of handles varies
with shape. The Handrail serves as a guide rail and it should be provided at a convenient
height so as to give grasp to the hand during Ascent and descent.

24. _________ is the horizontal distance between the faces of two consecutive Risers.
a) Riser b) Flight c) Going d) Newel post

Answer: c) Explanation: Whereas , Nawel post is the vertical member with is placed at the
ends of flight to connect the ends of Strings and handrails.

25. The horizontal platform between two flights of a Stair is known as the _________
a) Landing b) Pitch c) Nosing d) Rise

Answer: a) Explanation: A landing facilitates change of direction and provides an

opportunity for taking rest during the use of a stair. Whereas, the vertical distance between
two consecutive threads is known as a rise.

26. The protecting part of the tread beyond the face of Riser is known as a __________
a) Pitch b) Rise c) Riser d) Nosing

Answer: d) Explanation: The term line of Nosing is used to denote an imaginary line parallel
to the strings and tangential to the Nosing. It is useful in the construction of handrails.

27. The vertical or Front member of the step, which is connected to the treads, is known as
a __________
a) Rise b) Run c) Riser d) Pitch

Answer: c) Explanation: Whereas, the angle of inclination of the stairs with the floor is
known as a Pitch. It also indicates the angle which the line of nursing makes with the
horizontal.
28. The total length of a Stair in a horizontal plane is known as the __________
a) Run b) Soffit c) Scotia d) Step

Answer: a) Explanation: Riser includes the length of landings also. Whereas, Scotia is an
additional finish or moulding provided to the nosing or tread to improve the elevation of the
step and to provide strength to the nosing.

29. ____________ has one end or both ends splayed in plan.

a) Bullnose step b) Balancing step c) Splayed step d) Common step

Answer: c) Explanation: Whereas, bullnose step is generally provided at the bottom of flight.
It projects in front of the Newel post and it ends form a circular quadrant in a plan.

30. A combination of tread and riser is known as ___________

a) Soffit b) String c) Waist d) Step

Answer: d) Explanation: Whereas, the under surface of a Stair is known as the soffit. It is
generally covered with ceiling or finished with plaster.

31. _________ is an ordinary step of rectangular shape in plan.

a) Flier b) Round-ended step c) Splayed step d) Common step

Answer: a)Explanation: Whereas, Round-ended step is similar to a boon or step accept that
its end or ends are semi-circular in plan. And, a common step has a curved riser and tread.

32. __________ do not radiate from a common centre.

a) Common step b) Dancing steps c) Tread d) Waist

Answer: b) Explanation: Whereas, the thickness of the structural slab in case of an RCC
Stair is known as a waist. And, the horizontal upper portion of the stair is known as a tread.

33. ______________ is a form of a solid head where the threads are provided on which a
nut moves.
a) Nail b) Nut c) Connector d) Bolt

Answer: d) Explanation: The size of bolts should be calculated according to the stresses
which they have to resist. The bolts maybe of Steel, wrought iron on bras and they are
stronger than Nails or screws. They are used especially for joint subjected to considerable
tensile stress and they form the rigid joints.

34. ___________ are the rings of metal which can be used for fasten two members abutting
each other.
a) Dogs b) Nails c) Pins d) Connectors

Answer: d) Explanation: The connectors do not damage the timber and are found to
possess sufficient strength. They are usually embedded in the individual members in such a
way that the gradual transfer of stress from one member to other is perfectly ensured and
there is no danger of sliding of joints.
35. ____________ are the pieces of wrought iron and are bent at ends to connect other
members.
a) Nails b) Dogs c) Lath d) Spikes

Answer: b) Explanation: Dogs maybe flat or circular. The ends of dogs are appointed so as
to facilitate driving into the timber. Dogs can be imagined as a channel section with sharpen
ends.

36. ______________ are the pieces of wrought iron or steel and these are driven into the
member to be connected using hammer or other means.
a) Nails b) Screws c) Sockets d) Wedges

Answer: a) Explanation: Nails are used for rough but strong work. The various types of nails
are available in market such as Clout nail which are large, flat, circular head. Lath nail which
has a square and tapering sank with rough sides and various other nails are with different
shapes and sizes.

37. ________________ are the pieces of wrought iron or cast iron and are used to protect
the ends of timber.
a) Spikes b) Wedges c) Sockets d) Straps

Answer: c) Explanation: When sockets are placed at the feet of member, they are known as
shoe. Whereas, Spikes are large nails of length about 100 mm to 150 mm and they are
used for heavy work.

38. _______________ are the bands of steel or wrought iron which can be used to joint
two pieces of timber.
a) Straps b) Spikes c) Wedges d) Nails

Answer: a) Explanation: The breadth of strap is about 40 mm to 50 mm and it’s thickness

depends upon the stress coming up on it. The great advantage of using a strap is that the
timber is not required to be cut and thus the timber is not weekend.

39. ________________ are used in case of mortise and tenon joint.

a) Bolts b) Nuts c) Wedges d) Spikes

Answer: c) Explanation: Wedges are the pieces of wood that are tapered and are used for
securing Timber joints as in case of mortise and tenon joint. They are sometimes known as
the keys and when used in pairs, they are termed as the folding wedges.

40. _____________ are used when joint is subjected to vibration and the work is to be
done in pieces.
a) Auger b) Pins c) Sockets d) Screws

Answer: d) Explanation: Screws are used under the following circumstances; the work is
likely be removed; the security of work is required without making the joint unnecessarily
rigid; the driving of a nail is likely to split the timber; the joint is subjected to the vibrations
and work done to be is in pieces.
41. Split ring connector and toothed ring connector are the examples of ___________
a) Screws b) Bolts c) Dogs d) Connectors

Answer: d) Explanation: The connectors are available in various other forms which can be
used only under special circumstances. Split ring connector and toothed connected maybe
either have teeth on single side or both the sides. The connectors are widely used in the
construction of timber arches, trusses and similar other structures.

42. A wire nail is also known as ____________ and it is very tough and strong.
a) Clout nail b) Lath nail c) French nail d) Trenail

Answer: c) Explanation: Whereas, a clout nail has large, flat, circular ahead. Lath nail has a
square and tapering shank with rough sides. Trenail is a pin of hard wood and can be used
in pieces of Iron nails where it is feared that the Iron nails would rust and injuries the timber.

43. Which of the following is not a type of fixture or fastening for a door?
a) Hinges b) Bolts c) Frames d) Locks

Answer: c) Explanation: The various types of fixtures and fastenings used for doors,
windows and ventilators are hinges, handles, bolts, and locks. A frame is a component of
the door fixed in the opening of the wall to which shutters are fixed.

44. Which of the following types of hinges are used where there are thin shutters?
a) Butt hinge b) Strap hinge c)Spring hinge d) Back flap hinge

Answer: d) Explanation: Back flap hinge is used where there are thin shutters. The flanges
of these type of hinges are wider than the flanges of the butt hinges.

45. One flange of the butt hinge is screwed to the edge of the door shutter while the other is
screwed to the ____________ of the door frame.
a) Rebate b) Sill c) Style d) Rail

Answer: a) Explanation: Butt hinges are used to fix doors and window shutters to the frame.
One flange of the butt hinge is screwed to the the door shutter while the other flange is
screwed to the rebate of the frame of the door.

46. Which of the following is not a type of fixture or fastening for a door?
a) Hinges b) Bolts c) Frames d) Locks

Answer: c) Explanation: The various types of fixtures and fastenings used for doors,
windows and ventilators are hinges, handles, bolts, and locks. A frame is a component of
the door fixed in the opening of the wall to which shutters are fixed.

47. Which of the following types of hinges are used where there are thin shutters?
a) Butt hinge b) Strap hinge c) Spring hinge d) Back flap hinge

Answer: d) Explanation: Back flap hinge is used where there are thin shutters. The flanges
of these type of hinges are wider than the flanges of the butt hinges.
48. One flange of the butt hinge is screwed to the edge of the door shutter while the other is
screwed to the ____________ of the door frame.
a) Rebate b) Sill c) Style d) Rail

Answer: a) Explanation: Butt hinges are used to fix doors and window shutters to the frame.
One flange of the butt hinge is screwed to the the door shutter while the other flange is
screwed to the rebate of the frame of the door.

49. The ________________ plays an important role in the comfort of persons affected by
ventilation system.
a) Carbon monoxide b) Purity of air c) Volume of room d) Health of occupant

Answer: b) Explanation: The air should be free from odours, organic matter, inorganic dust
and unhealthy fumes of gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and Sulphur
Dioxide, etc. All the above impurities depend on the habits of occupants, volume of a room,
source of ventilating air, etc.

50. It is quite evident that the incoming air for ventilation should be ________ in summer
and ________ in winter before it enters the room.
a) cool, warm b) warm, cool c) humid, dry d) dry, humid

Answer: a) Explanation: The usual difference of temperature between inside and outside is
kept as about 8°C to 10°C. With regards to human comfort, the term effective temperature
is used. It is an index which combines the effect of air movements, humidity and
temperature.