Real-Time Operating System – It is a data processing system in which the time interval required to

process and respond to inputs is small. It is always online whereas online system need not be real
time.
They are used in scientific experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, weapon
systems, robots, air traffic control systems, etc.
Examples – VRTX, RT Linux, Lynx etc
There are two types of real-time operating systems.
✓ Hard real-time systems - In this system, the critical tasks complete on time. Secondary storage
is limited, and the data is stored in ROM. Virtual memory is almost never found.
Examples – Industrial control applications, Robots, etc
✓ Soft real-time systems - In this system, the time constraint is less strict. A critical real-time task
gets priority and retains the priority until it completes. It has limited utility.
Examples – Multimedia, Virtual reality, Advanced Scientific Projects like undersea exploration
and planetary rovers, etc.
Advantages
✓ It can be used in an embedded system
✓ Error-free
✓ Better memory allocation
Disadvantages
✓ Algorithm is complex
Android - Android is the name of the operating system used on many smartphones and tablets. It is
owned and maintained by Google. The recent version of Android is Android 11.
Other Terms related to Operating System
Booting - When the computer starts, the operating system is first loaded (as it is essential for running
all other programs), this process is known as booting.
Cold Boot – Turn ON the computer from an OFF position is called Cold Booting.
Warm Boot - A computer system starts up/reset from a complete powerless state is called Warm
Booting.
Firmware - Firmware is a software program that is written to a hardware device. It allows the
hardware
to be updated. The contents are saved when a hardware device is turned off or loses its external
power
source.
Middleware - Middleware is a software layer situated between applications and operating systems. It
enables communication and data management for distributed applications.
1. The feature that opens a window on your desktop where you can browse for file stored on your
computer is called as _________.(RRB PO)
(1) Device Manager (2) File Explorer (3) Web Browser
(4) Utility Software (5) None of the above
2. In MS-DOS 6.22, which part identifies the product uniquely? (RBI Asst. Mains)
(1) MS (2) DOS (3) MS-DOS
(4) None of these (5) 6.22
3. Each time you turn on your computer, it will check on the ______ control file. (RBI Asst. Mains)
(1) Command.com (2) io.sys (3) msdos.sys
(4) Both A & B (5) All the above