Low Mobility Large Cell

(LMLC)
Radha Krishna Ganti
Associate Professor
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
rganti@ee.iitm.ac.in
 • Established: 1865
• UN agency
• Spectrum harmonisation

Defines xG
3G 4G 5G
IMT-2000 IMT-Adv IMT-2020
10 years 10 years

Ratified in WRC and signed by all the countries

 Defines ??
List of KPI requirements for different usage scenarios

Example: Indoor Test Environment (DL)

IMT Adv IMT 2020

Peak
spectral 15bps/Hz 30bps/Hz
efficiency
User
experience 0.1 bps/Hz 0.3 bps/Hz
data rate
Average
spectral 3 bps/Hz 9 bps/Hz
efficiency

A specification (3GPP) should cross the TPR for all the KPI to be designated IMT-2020

14 KPI in IMT 2020

 User experienced
data rate
(Mbits/s)

100
Peak data rate
(Gbits/s)
Spectrum
10 efficiency
20 3x
1x
1

Area traffic 350 400 500 Mobility

capacity (Km/h)
(Mbits/s/m2) 10 1 0.1

1x
IMT-advanced
10x

100x 1
105
Latency
Network (ms)
energy efficiency 106

Connection density
(devices/Km2)
 Usage scenarios (M.2083)
eMBB mMTC URLLC

Test Environments
Urban Urban
Indoor Hotspot Dense Urban Rural
macro macro
eMBB eMBB eMBB
mMTC URLLC

Config A Config A Config A

Config A 700 MHz ISD 500m 4 GHz
Config A ISD 1.732km
4 GHz 4 GHz (1 layer) 120/500 km/h Config B Config B
Config B Config B ISD 1.732 km 700 MHz
30 GHz Config B
30 GHz (1 layer)
4 GHz
Config C ISD 1.732km
Config C
70 GHz 120/500 km/h
4/30 GHz (2 layer)

Test Configurations
TPR are defined for
the Test Environments
 Rural in 3GPP/ITU
Models a high speed vehicle passing through non-urban areas
Config A Config B
700 MHz 4 GHz
ISD 1.732km ISD 1.732km
120/500 km/h 120/500 km/h

Does not entirely model broadband connectivity in Rural India

 Basic architecture
BS at the GP should
serve the nearby villages

Gram
Panchayat

Village
Village
Village

Village

Important configuration parameters

1. Cell radius
2. UE height
3. Mobility model
4. Target edge/average cell spectral efficiency
Distribution of the Distance between
Villages and their Closest Gram Panchayat
• NOFN and Bharath Net projects aims at providing
fiber optical connectivity to the Gram Panchayats
(GP) across India.

• Radius of 3 Km (ISD = 3√3 = 5.19 Km)

• Covers only 60% of the villages
• Radius of 3.46 Km, (ISD = 3.46√3 = 6 Km)
• Covers only 68% of the villages,
• Radius of 6 Km, (ISD = 6√3 = 10.3 Km)
• Covers 95% of the villages
• Radius of 8 Km, (ISD = 8√3 = 13.8 Km)
• Covers 98% of the villages

The GP and village list was obtained from

the government website
http://lgdirectory.gov.in/.

ISD: Inter Site Distance, R: Radius

 Channel modelling
• Extend the current ITU-R rural model from 10km to 20km
for LOS and NLOS

• Channel measurements and modelling

• Took the help of TCE Madurai

• Measurement campaign successful after 4 trails (over 2

months)

• Finished on May 20th

 Mandatory Requirement
A RIT/SRIT should fulfil the TPR of all the test-environments (at exit)

The TPR for a test-environment is fulfilled if it is fulfilled

for one of the test configurations

In addition, for the Rural-eMBB test environment, the average spectral efficiency
value should meet the threshold values for the LMLC evaluation configuration
with ISD of 6000 m and either evaluation configuration with ISD of 1732 m.
 What Next?
• Make sure that the cellular rural connectivity envisioned by
LMLC is achieved

• Standards

• Developing new technologies for achieving the large

ISD

• Build and demonstrate rural connectivity on hardware

 (Current) Indian
Technologies for LMLC
• Spectrally shaped pi/2 BPSK for uplink

• 3dB power gain

• Twice the range

• Partially accepted in the 3GPP standard

What we are doing
Submission of an Indian RIT as an IMT 2020 candidate
technology

Indian ITU Meeting #31 (Feb 19)

Enhancements • Interim submission at ITU
3GPP 5G To address Indian needs
standard Technical studies and
finalization done in
ITU Meeting #32 (June 19)
TSDSI
• Final submission at ITU
Benefits
• Maximum rural coverage (exceeding ITU requirements)
• Affordable
• Improved performance only with software changes
• Globally inter-operable and compatible
• Improved building penetration for NB-IOT
• Important for smart cities mission
• At same cost
Pi/2 BPSK Modifications Summary
• Change Optional to Mandatory in FR1 (already mandatory
with capability signaling in FR2 in 3GPP).
• Setting the capability signaling bit to 1 in FR2.

• Unfiltered DMRS, which is the default mode in 3GPP

• Specify the filter as 1+D (which is very simple, gives the

required spectral characteristic and also gives full 3dB PAPR
reduction).
UE throughput CDF for ISD =12 Km (1X2) denotes 1 UE Tx and 2-rx antenna at BTS

For the same data rate and ISD

• Approx. 2X increase in UE throughput over QPSK using 2-rx antennas
• 60MHz BW, 10 UEs per sector, each UE get >1 Mbps due to pi/2 BPSK
• Or QPSK requires twice higher number of receiver antennas to maintain same
cell edge performance as pi/2 BPSK – higher BTS cost
 Summary of the Status & Asks
• Pi/2 BPSK with spectrum shaping and non-precoded
DMRS.
• Increases the uplink Rural coverage area
• Pi/2 BPSK for NB-IOT
• Improved urban penetration and increased rural coverage
• No cost impact on the device
• Three other software changes in base station
• Increases the number of supported users, the spectral
efficiency and reduces signalling overhead
Eco-system changes
Device Infrastructure Testing

1. Software changes 1. Only software changes 1. One-time investment

2. Some vendors might 2. Inter-operable with devices for additional testing
change PA minus Indian 2. Test equipment
• Even then, high enhancements manufacturers to
volumes in India incorporate Indian
should maintain enhancements
price 3. Impact on cost of
3. Fully inter-operable network or equipment
(roaming) negligible

Long-term benefits outweigh the initial work and one-time cost

At TSDSI and 3GPP
• Fundamental look at Rural connectivity
• Look at the design of Pilots and Control Channel
• Other issues for long range connectivity
• With mobility
• Normal handsets
• Should be a continuous study item in 3GPP (on par
with eMBB)
At ITU
• Support for Indian RIT
• IMT 2020
• General study about Rural connectivity
• New channel models for Rural
• Requires dedicated team for channel sounding
• Push these channel models in ITU
Hardware for LMLC
• Radios which can support large connectivity
• Fronthaul issues
• BharathNet
• Mmwave connectivity
• End-to-end systems for LMLC??
An Exciting Opportunity to Endorse
and Support
Technologies for Rural Coverage

Thank You