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    Kỷ Yếu - Nho Giáo Ở Việt Nam (Phần 1)

    Uploaded by

    churailanthom

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Scanned with CamScanner MUCLYC BO HOAL NAM. : Din vn khai mac Hoi thdo quéc té Nho giéo & Vigt Nam ciia Chi tich Vign Khoa hoc Xa hoi Vigt Nam i ‘TU WEIMING +: Phat bigu ciia Giém doc Vign Harvard-Yenching. 17 TRINH KMCMANH —: Phat bigu cua Vign tring Vién Nahin citu Hén Nom... eoeaeg “2S PHAN I: Qua trinh du nh§p va anh hung cia Nho gido & Vigt Nam — 29 ‘TU WEIMING : Suy ngim trén phuong dién triét hoc va ton gido cia viéc sing tao méi Nho hoe. 31 1 VAN QUAN : Tim hiéu dao dite “Trung dung” cia Nho gia... 44 PHAN NGQC : Téng Nho v6i thdi dai chiing ta, 53 nouvén pinn cx): Hém nay voi Nho gido. 65 Marquécitén —_: Nho gido va Nho gio & Viét Na ” TRAN NGHIA : Thir ban vé thoi diém du nh§p cling tinh chat, vai trd cla Nho hoe Viét Nam thoi Bic thuge.... 82 neuvén Tartu —: Nho hoc Viét Nam dau thai ky déc lap va thoi diém thanh lip Van miéu 6 Thing Lon; 93 TRAN THEAKIM ANH: Vai trd clia Nha nude trong qué trinh Nho sido hhda xa hoi théi Neuvéw kam son: Xu hung Hoi nhép Tam gio trong tu twéng Vigt Nam thé ky XVII. PHAN II: Th tich Han Ném Viét Nam vé Nho gi 118 131 ‘TRINH KHACMANH ; Thu tich Hin Nom Vigt Nam ludn giai vé Tit the va Ngit kinh hign e6 & Vign Nghién citu Han Ném. Scanned with CamScanner 1 gido va Nho hoe & auetwn arte + Téng quan ai life Nho 60 Vise Neda eis Hin Nm (KO st ch Bee elas gimme 1 caver en + ch Hin Nam ci dae No go No hoc tai Thu vi Quée ia asain 1 umutsine + CO oe vgn, btw ee gtp pein ib ving si a Nho ge Vigt NAM sn m sunyncic + rgd Te pk ne ing eh 146 vee + Her Ki Lap bon CREEL)» Vidree Irpetation fe Class of Fil one 19 a ¢ Quin Tong, Ti awn: TUT ich gh ce cong 2 Qu TO, Ti = Sie kn anh wong Te Di tnt ebé Ltn ng thick gia a, sy mit 96 eh ep mn te tree Ring Tc No ech thing © Vie. | am na esi the Rj XIX fae obnanio ‘ich ia hu v vin d ido de gia ith theo ua nigm cin ce ahi Nho Vigt Nanos 228 | eartn vant NGi dung No hye Van sich hi Binh wai | umnoonnagy — Lésovi cubi Nguyen. 2s | puAWin: Ans race Nh gto trong ot sng x5 hl Vit Nar net phong hb sia caesteehasy ourn Tan ‘Tam hidu vie kiéng hy Khing Tire Vigt Nam... 255 snunzortou B90 Nho, quin by Nhi me vi Gi 40 tron eu bgi Vigt Nam th cb Big A nnn, 268 euro nts + Gido dc tin hoe edp Nhi nude trong xB OH | Nam va Trong Qudc truyén thong: téu sit | tain ea Luong Th Vinh 1441-1496 2)... 272 caorymmmen _: Nho gif vi lich si Viet Nam.. m1 Tim bi quan dim vlc sire nh sit hoe Phan Phu Tin. oem 300] ‘ 1g va Nho ge & ing x8 Vi na rn rn: Cie nd hoa bin [Nam qua ta igu vn Kh Hin NO 330 vavtnndvyin +: VAi nt v8 tinh tin gio dye No hee 6 ebp ais Hing x8 qua ligu van bi. omevodcnwun: Sy thim rip eda Nho gido véi ling x4 gus tt liga hong ube. 361 artnveqcrun: Lust phip thbi LE dugi inh huéng ola turing Nho gid. 369 omtncéwavitr +: Titi No glfo qua mit sb Bio Th, dn chuong cia Hong of Vig Nar thoi guy. 382 rmvonciyy Kh quit vé quan nigm vin fe Nho gido @ re 3 sorourdn ——: Viet Nho qua mt 36 the phim van hoe trung ai Viet Nam ae 428 ourtn yoann: Linh Nam chick quét di anh huéng,cia Nho sito thi Ly - Ted sn 482 woinc mpniec cht: VE khia cgnh wr tung phi Nho gido cia [uy DO que tic phim Tran ma ue... 458 muvevio tide + Hinh tugng ngui dn st wong th phim Zr 5s man le cba Nguyb DB. noon 465 ncurturnpun +: Anh huting cia Nho gido qua tse phim Taiém Narn gi Rennes sn 74 rain vinooin + Teiét ly Tam Bao trong Vigt Nho Nguyén Du lin vt ch Tai (Tim Dao in Viet Nho - Nguyen Du on the Concept of Ta). 481 uerwweiuin +: Quan nigm twin hotn theo thai gian cia phuong 8éng véi todn ding du. 313 ‘TUWEMING Phat bitu bé mac HOi thio quéc té vé Nho ido. VIEL Nam ssn a sn 2S 7 Scanned with CamScanner SUY NGAM TREN PHUONG DIEN TRIET HOC VA TON GIAO CUA VIRC SANG TAO MOI NHO HQC ‘TU WEIMING #49 (DO DUY MINH) Gidm déc Vién Harvard-Yenching Hoa K) ho gia la tur tuéng gido duc lam néi bat ludn ly x hgi, 1 dao ly Ni ngudi, 1a hoc van vé cuge doi, 14 I6i séng, la tin ngudng thé hign tinh than nhan vin, 1a triét hoc va efing 1A ton gido. Khong Tir JL chi ra ring: “Diéu thii bat kha dir ding quin, ngé phi tu nhan chi 43 du nhi thiy dir? ERAT MA SIMA S em mH IPH 2” (DA khéng thé chung bay dan v6i chim mung, thi vét, ta khong cing séng voi nhimg ngudi no thi chung séng cing dutge véi ai day?) Nha Nho la phan ti tri thite quan hé mat thiét voi chinh tri, tham dur vao x8 h6i, trong thi van héa, vita khéng mo ude m@t Thién quée tuong lai, vita khong hudng t6i mét cdi bb bén kia trong hign tai, tir chéi vige bay dat ra m6t vrong quéc hoan to’n di sénh bén ngodi cuge doi thye hém nay, Nho gia la ngudi nhap thé, tin ring cb thé théng qua viéc tu than - duéng tinh cia timg cé nhan trong luan ly lam ngudi thudng ngdy, ma dan cai tién 16 chét cé nhén, néng cao mite sinh hoat, dat dén thé gidi dai déng trong thién ha. Thuong cé an tuong la Khong Tir chu du ligt quéc, hy vong duge chur hau quyén thé trong dung, nhé lye luong chinh trj ma chuyén héa hign thyc, kh6i phyc ché 49 18 - nhac ddi Dong Chu. Ong ott mot lan that bai la lai thém m@t lan ¢6 ging tan cho dén nhimg nam cudi ddi, doi dén khi nguyén vong thé quan hanh dao #24738 (thay vua hanh do) thay déu roi vdo hu khong méi tré ve qué ofi, trade thy lép thuyét, dée site vao céng vige gido dyc. Téi cho ring loai dn tuong nay khéng phi hyp voi sy thye, khéng thé phan énh tinh thin chan thye cia Khéng Tit. Hoc thuyét cia Khéng Tit cé hai mat ly tuéng va 31 Scanned with CamScanner Tu Weiming ERB (06 Duy Minky minh ade: Hy’ IY tung chy ne hoa higp véi hién thre ma ug, re cb ng 1 de i Vo di, ae phan di, Kids mol ng ay ig qu cit 8 HOG gid VA am 1g mg in va co PEP OK Meu i nm ca ih Kg Ti co ing may erie eg hit ny Bn we = 7 oe nan min ae sd Mb et Ke i inh gud len wd, Li cig cb the dit tren XUONE dug a nh dp ob quent vat lve LANDS NEA ‘gi cla bo cing 18 Kon ahdt, hg nén c6 cbng hién Se ee sia rin dn v bit ti re higu gua at. King Ty ante ag 2 elu ce ah ir go iy ish im Kw Dp fim nuyén te ln rch hi nj. Tong utah 50 tenvan ten, tn the King Ti 8 ep prt aie 1 hin shumg Ong oda win kg vt Hho Khin ma ib mguyén jth, aa thie cia ng vé cin ur dB co stent tng inh tanh shu se. Mye ich ola dng ci bién ut choi ci chin hi hye; bo ing ng ding thi dogn chin tr a8 thue hig by tug ii sai tim, la do la gbe-ngon. 1bé hidu su thdt bai vé chinh trj hign thue ofa Khéng Tit, t phaj fiém hg vi If twing chin trj eba dng. Ong khong phil 18 Don Quixote, Ij tong cia Ong ching phi la Khing twig, eng khdng ‘di li j mudn chi quan dom phuong, ma ld sy chon Iya sau ki suy nghi siu sie, chin chin, MBi hinh ding cia dng du e6 tinh hign thy va tinh mye dich; noi mgt céch ehgt che, 6ng hodn ton king phi & mtn vt bi hich Hn Nhod2 sft quan diém “8 varomg £2" (von khing tube le) d& thuyét minh Khéng Tir nén duge xem [nha inh go bi cao v8 chin tr: king tr thnk qun vuong, dy 1b Ly wing inh or isin hoat ct ong i tre Btn 2 SUY NGAM TREN PHUONG DIEN TRIET HOC VA. sma cdng la bit hanh ei thoi dpi. Khéng Tit dng gido dye 4 chuyén hoa ehinh tr me eh ty gif, mo ra. mbt ‘Gon dving lin “an hoa” v6i him nga shu sie gida gipdn (hE Ive chin i vin (thé Ty kit). Gido dye cia Khing Tit 18 tu iy on nin SEA (tu dudng minh ma an din ngudi), To thin trong quan hé gia by 2, (minh) va rn 4, (ogwi i hat nin cia tung gido dye cia KhBng TW. Tw than lw chi he & £4 (hge cho chinh min), nim xy dime thin ech dBc lp cha chinh minh, Tuy It mye dich, chir khong phil ta th doan dé dat dén an nin, Trong t tung ahin d30 bj Idp niki dp nn, ki dat nhi dor nbn @ 3 #2. + 28 Hak A (minh xB tip i gidp ngudi xéc fp. minh thinh dat rb gigp ngubithinh dat), 15 vi ni 1. quan Bi thos him ea hs aban, vi Bi ng lb tung tim diém cia mang luéi quan hg. Xét tir rung tm diém, ef niin tn nghitm, dd Hip vty chi thigng liéng bit Kha xm pha; xét tt ee ‘mang lui quan hg, ¢4 nhin Khéng phai 18 hon do 06 dj, ma 1a nat da sbi giao thing dan xen phite tap. Tén tgi cia con ngubi I tinh c& thé vi tinh xB hi khng ngimg tie dng qua lai, dan xen ma thin ‘Didu Nho gia got 1 “deo Iy im ngubi bao him hai mat quan be cdgc va ngang. Xét trén quan hé ngang, ef nin Ia trung tim diém ‘rong mang lui quan hg, khéng thé téch lia cuge dbi 48 sing dc lip, ‘ma phai an dinh ban thin trong céc quin thé xt hi theo kiéu cdc ‘vOng trin ding tém. Gia dinh, x8 hi, qude gia, thé gigi va vai tru ddu tong quan v6i c4 nhan trong time khodn khic tic th cia tin ta. Sw ty thye hign cla ef nhin khong tch roi quin thé xB hoi, cing khong hodn thank trong tung twong riéng If, ma phi bim chit vio thé gidi cuge séng tién hanh trong nép thurdng ngdy cia nhdn lun, trong mang ludi quan hg cia edi got a “gia, qube, thiém he.” Xe tn quan he doe, nhl duge t6thanh ti bén tng bf - thn thé, tam ti, Jinh gie va thin minh. Quan hé gitta céc ting bée vé ciing phite tap va vi didu, M8 thie suy nght “khng A thi B nh sham 3/ 1d 2, tinh (Vink hye 18 (aye thé), tinh thant chat. chit quanithich + guan khong thé nio thdy hét duge bi digu bén trong. Than thé, tim ti, ble hanh eda dng. 3B Scanned with CamScanner 0 unt HR 6 thy nat i ie ih ch Se NN on ritag shuns I xe Te tae th Hows oa i ee nie rong t thi), thaiah — sa A in ef0 8 png i cme ov hE VE he 2 (nim cin at) wT tu thin ing re a me Bie B38 hin fing le one ln 8g Gh hn eon tT cb df wa su he, OE Ny eee ak 2A ot tit bg 8 sta ing) €8 nim Ly ve ke eda tm Bi dang. 3 ain inh ES bop digu chin, five dung thy cia tm am dat i da thanh rink tm Ch tng sng) = 6 4B pn 8 vec i ee 1 hin sTaan Th. That snk shiém cb Man THF ey tiedoan €3 (iq en idm eat doan (nic 1 6, ui tinh FBLA oe KhOOg ng, tinh dn fe. cm Man Tit bat rE te Fong thn ae fa cang sin cK phi tim 6 bén nao. Xu, hat win hi, nn dn ve ALAR * + 4 (hi chy thin thich, nhdn hau ching dén, bic ai van val), tién din mé rong ra, aa vue nhen abbr, ta subi mdi Kot gidng.cubi cling 68 the tind kip tong tr dt (ee hd hin da chi gion Bt ANE), [Ly luda u thin eda Nho gia king ch In x8 md tnd be thm inh, C nin tn nghiém, Ade Ip va tw chi khong pha 14 quan nigm trina twgng thoat ly thé gidi con ngudi, ma la gid tr] ey the rong tht gi ene sng, Thénhung tinh chi thé cf nn tt pa ‘ug qua ti ng rung kim, quan hé rut, chit nga dia phe, chi ghia quéc t, vi eh nghia nhén Tosi trang tm méi cé thé trién kha} th itn dy di. Suy xét cha quan hé ngang - doc, tnh thin nn van cba Nho ia do tinh rgng (nh cn nguytn cu thé) va tinh chung (tinh cng ‘chng phd bign) khéng ngimg n6i két, d6i thoai, dam xen mat thinh (Ching ta khing thé thodt ly than thé ma trién hign tém tri; néu nhu than 6 ting bac thin thé, ching ta cin bin khéng eéch nao Tinh tiv mica tm Lim 08 sh hi pil bt mn ci SUY NGAM TREN PHUONG DIEN TRIET HOC VA... hoi drge § nghta cia tim ti, Taong Wy, ching ta khéng thé thot ly thin thé va tim tr trién hin Linh gic; néu nhur chi gidi han 6 ting, be thn thé v8 tm te, ef bin khdng thé no inh hoi duge ¥ twne dy him cia linh gide. Theo 46, thin minh &X khéng thodt ly cing kkhdng gidi han o than thé, tim te va linh gide. ¥ twong nay ela ti 6 thé thy duge dt did tr trong vige Ado luyéa tinh thin mang de she ho gia Gio thuyd thimh dite a cia Khing Ti €6 him nga shu sie vé lun If hoe, mg hoe va triét hoe ton gido. Xét tr gbe db t0n fo hye so sinh, ching ta khéng ngoi dinh nghfa gi tri Nho gia IA “Idy ‘phim tye lim thin think.” Vige nbp thE oa Nho gia khong phi ft ‘hoa higp v6i hign thye, ma 1a vita mhdp hd AF mot AAPM (Uhm inhdp vio bén trong thé nghigm chin thyc vin 4 cu thé trong thé gigi ‘cudc sng, lai vita xu hd ky ngoai a: 3% 9b, xubt 19 ra bén ngoai) phn dodn toan dign va siu sie vé chinh tr, x8 hi, va vin hati: dm hin vi mé sigu viét. Thye ra, Ij do “léy phim tuc lam thn thénh” la ‘sit da ph ranh gid gta phim twe vi thénh nit, xc nbn phim {yo chinh la thin nbén, thién dgo 6 ti nha Huda thuimg nly. Lud Iy Who gia dt co s@ trén mj cim, huémg dén chung cire quan hoa # AMAL (quan tim cye 46), c&m ban phi nhin 16i tw duy tuyét mhién phn ct 3 Tinh vue Kin 1a mg hoe (tinh cém), lun ly (quy uée) va ton sito (tin ngudng). Ti Tu F ding clu eye cao mink nk dao tring dung #891 ‘itl # A (1Gt cing cao minh ma theo dgo srung dung) dé dién giai vil try lugn va nhdn sinh quan ela Khong Ti, Tan kj chi tink BER 44 (phat huy t6t 6 bain tinh eta minh) 18 si phéttrién them mot bude cia vj ki chi hge By 2 & 4 (hoe cho minh) trong gito thuyét thin dir. Tit tn by chi tinh 2 @ 2% 4B VA td nin chi tinh AZM (phat huy tt 49 ban tinh cia ngurbi) d&n tn yde chi tinh dt eth (Pht huy 0 46 ba tn cia vt) La dem Kling fwd 1 ban ‘nhin &8t vbo van ban vi teu than than, nhdn in, i vg mi gi doe Stich Trung Dung ndi r8 ngay tir diu ring “Thin ménh chi vj tinh, 35, Scanned with CamScanner — ru Melning 2M A (5 Diy Ny, nwo. doc yjgido RAL MA PAS Ty 1 aah theo tn Hi deo, a dag gy, m do rip cho I ngub 8 a, na dhign bwin ba vi gui vied tr ma sinh, By val oe gu thé ign cho ding ci thién mn = ay on min ing ng 8 0, one ing wien hig tong, he git COE sbng,Khién ching oe ge ng my ay te Be WO rh KE ham di, - Fang kign eatin dite lu mh ARH AT (vibe uu chu’, aay da thin de). Digu go bic tinh nt cong mht by Hanah (Qeam ho thuing ngly ding 4én ma khong big ‘hin ind dn 30 trang dung cO th thy 8 moi nok, a i cng g, fay bidt ¥ nghia chung euge ein db; nau the ign tong si hog thing mbit, Cue cao minh #3 *A khong phi Insng chi vio mi i chin hye siu vit -ngoa i, tya nr dng thugng ¢© fi ngUbi Kade fotn ton, md cb nghia fa ci thién min ogi tai tong adn tinh, y in va shin cng tu chét (ign tuc tin tg, hign hbu) én cue c20 ming imi e6 thé theo do trung dung; nn vi thin wa hdr cing thé ing (chinh hgp hu o0) nén eye ca0 minh tht phai theo dao trung dung. “Fridge tu thin chia Mann Tt tn im ri tins tr chien 38 <4 4 oR (dbe Ting hie tn, Riu tr) mgt mach Ke hia vB ry quan | rin Logi (anthropocosmic vision), Khai trién thé gid tinh thn tm he 4 clin Nho gia. Tit kt win dy hd nn Bhd tiém hin EAT IY (chi thin akin mdi o6 thé hign thye ha cdi Kh ining c6 wong hinh thé) cia Manh Tis, chiing ta cb thé thy duge mach suy nghi cia dng vé sy phat triéntodn dign ca niin cfch, (1) Kha due chi vj shign 7 && 18 4 (Cb thé ude mudn goi la chign) Thién la Khoi diém cia thye tiga dg0 dic. BE e6 thién te, thién ti, thign J, thign nh thi rn cé thé 14m thign mh. Thiém nbn thd chung sng da binh cing tha mii, kh a nh vi ma chung 44, kt oan 6 SUY NGAM TREN PHUONG DIEN TRIET HOC VA (2) Hit chu kj chi vf tin A 22 2AM (git tin shige rong sinh got latin) Him nghfa cia tin e6 noi dung ving chic, Néu nhu khong 6 tahdn thire ving bén vé tinh thign ding véi ty ng’, eng chin la thing qua cli hoe vi ky ma mudi ly himg thi ty A, chi e6 thé cho nut ta cli edi thign cm chit khéng céeh pi lu duge An tong ben ving king dong. (3) Sung thye chi vi mp KKB % (tang cudmg, lim phong pin tin thin la mp) [Noi dung khdng chi kién cb ma cdn phong phi, tdi hoa muon hhinh mudn vé, mdi ¢6 thé dat dén mirc mp. (4) Sig he ht ite quae Py cht vf dai RoE a AHAB HK. (tang cum, phong phi ha, khifn tinh thign ta sing gol da) [Ndi dung kien ¢6, phong phi dat dén cyc diém sé din dén khong kei cao cd trang nghiém, bi him thinh Khi tong hing vi, dy moi oi A dar (5) Dai ni héa chi chi vj thinh MHC % MB (dhe cao dai chuyén hoa duge ngubi gol thdh) Bic thénh nbn c thé tin hink - hign thy hoa, lam hién 19 kt ‘ning tinh sin trong hinh thé. TrOng bfe thin twa Thai Som tang nghiém, nung ¢6 co may chinh minh duge thin cfm ma tgp nhgn ‘anh huimg, thi cdm thiy vui vé nhu ngdi rude gid xuin, hein toan ‘khéng chit dhinh khi bite bch dn ép, khdng hay biét ma thy nin én fhué chuyén ha dn tang tir ho. (6) Thanh nhi bat hc art chi chi vi thin % % RT 4022 HIP (b§e thanh ma ngurdi khong thé biét duge goi la thin) Thin vb phutomg, Dich v6 thé #¥ 8% » % Sth (than khong noi dodn biét, Dich chit bién khén hrimg), giéo héa cita thinh nhan tay V6 hind, khong du tich, nhwng e6 higu qua thyc tén, hin Ip kha kién Tuy kkhéng thé t6 hét bing 1di, nhung tm e6 thé ” Scanned with CamScanner ‘ru Weiming #28 (DS Dry ing wo choo vit NAM Taine Tr vt ge thuyét tin thi ila tad ne ota du nhdn manh tu thy To king da he cng gus 08 IE bein thin ma thinh eho ig ca N80 ih fm, he Rin Sy wi aaron ca ng git i vd wgUD) obs DNS Trong Thy i eva in dg We HE 8 eer pe qyda uy cia Moh Tet bén tren woe aay han ei a ie sir cda nh wa, Two nh ENE Ta TH Maan gy vt Twin TH Dog Tong Th ké tit min hoy aia dn ink KAA, ci sinh, ngubi twee thn), Lm of or Tdn i th ig ci con ng tong ce len His 16 eta ¥q, tr chu Hy Lye Tung Son & Je. Vat Dyan Minh ‘£159, Liu Tong Chu $1 Fl ‘déu da thé hign vige ren luyén tiny, thin mang de sie cia Nho gi. ‘Kb vi cde ndn vl minh trang tim Kho tin tbn gio va tny hign thye cia Nho gia dung hop hoin tod ‘Thé gigi tinh thin cig Nho gin duge tién khai gin chit véi con ngudi, véi gia dinb, v6, 10 ring § nga ndt cue eg aquin thé x8 hoi, vei trdi dt. Nha Nho ch fi Goi ng ob thé va cin phi dave thé hign trong ohn Ids thing ngiy. Noubi vi mi vit c6 méi tvone quan trong time Khon khde; fin im nén xem thién dja van wit Ja nbit thé. Tinh thin mh van ‘a Nho gia dune bgp think tr bén phuomg dién khéng thé chia edt ny gi, quin thé x8 hoi tu nhién va thign dgo, c6 thé kam gidu gid tr het hin eda minh qua cube d6i thos gida cde nén minh, va cling ¢6 thi cong ep co si li luda va thue tién cho vige kién tg0 Iudn Mi phd quat [hing thé thidu due trong cube ¢6i tho gia ci nén vn minh, NGUYEN NAM dich (tirnguyén te Trung vin) PGS, PHAN VAN CAC higu dinh Ohi hick (1) Lada ng, “Vi Ta REF", 18. 3B SUY NGAM TREN PHUONG DIEN TRIET HOC V/ BEAM ERAS Bae REAR LRARLORDL MAHER SSH EMA EO AMRAL HE REEL EA UF He «HG PTS, BHM AL RM MR” ME HEL DABS FEA SAL RF FM TE RAGKROFORE TOREERER GE RS Shak ny ae LRA A Oe Tee BH RARAB A MZ MODE He HA ie hE A ERA LE ORR ANAT AG OR. HHO PRE ATMA ADE BHAA HH fem, fh wa kA HE AR AC IR SL aR AL HEAR ARAM DEES URE TAOE SE BET FOUL SELLA ATHARAS EH PRETESERO, FRAR LT OR RA LTO EUALY ERA HT M2 MOL ARE AM RMRMRE NT iO RRL eH hig TREARPRRARMARM LAL BEAR FREE MBE E OH RO RSA BE -DULA AMRLF REA OAL TALE DR AR BE ik ie MS AD aR Rab, ok EMH BAFRE ORLA GE PAM KERR OERA BLARTF OAM — OLAS BHARORRA RAM AA, TF Sb Le ARAM Ho 01) RE HH FW okt RM ROR ARARNRRHAR OBE MLR REM Me SRR LRAT RAMA THM RGR REEL EM ATR EME - AMBRE HATRS GMC RAARAOK AMMAR AMA KRPKEAHOLROLT RAGES EM WHE 39 Scanned with CamScanner pao DUC “TRUNG DUNG” im HEU # CUA NHO GIA 68.78. LEVAN QUAN, Dai hoe Khoa hoe xd hoi v4 Nha yay ai hoe Qude gia Ha Npi dng vin 1 m6t thin 6 trong sich Lé hy, sa duge teh, thinh mot ta phim nim trong Tit the. Tong: truyén Ti Te én Zaiwinti Cdn Que, sing tbe thin Trung dung. Trinh Haydn Kong Dinh Dat 6 Trg dug sic L418 oT Tu vb (Cie abi Nho Trung Quéc déu cho ring: “Thirthién n8i Khong my tryen hy tim php, Tit Tur king ky el ahi st di, 6 bit chi thy, thy Monh Ta. (Chu Hi, Trong dung cazomg ei) Thin MAY 1 iy pip uyin thy cia Khéng mn, Tit Tw © ku ney sa 86, cho nig hep vio sich, dé tao cho Manh Ti. Dé thye hign ly tung “nbn”, Khéng Tir €& saubt phuong phip lan Ldy “Trung dung” lim hgt nhén. Diu goi la trung dung, 18 chi phuong phip va nguyén tic quan st, xt vn 2, bao gm hai ky chip trung 4 $ (nm trung) va dyng tung A)? (diing trung). Ty ting “qué do bit cp & # % A" (ThAi qué cing nhur bit ef) cia Khlng Ti 6 thé li ni r8 quan bg hoi du vchinh git ‘M@t lin, Ti Céng hoc tré Khéng Ti: hoi ng vé deo, Tit Truong 8 Ti Hy ai ido hon, Khing Tit tr Ib, Tt Truong thai qué, Tir Ha ‘cin bit cip. Tir Céng Iai hoi, ching phi Ta Truong t6t hon nhiéu w? King Ta lién ta bi ngay: “Qua do bit c§p iB 4 % 2" (Ludin nea, Tien i), Hai itu nay dbu khong bgp v6i dgotrung, do 46, thi qua cling nh bit efp. Od thie bign chimg ea Khéng Tikrit su ske, Thai qua vi bat c§p 18 hai ddu tuomg déi véi chinh gidta. Né 618 su vin ding ca sy vit trong thd gian, khong gian nh di ' ‘int u p40 DUC“TRUNG DUNG” CUA NHO CVA Jind phat trién dén trang thai inhit din tt trén quan he tim a lame aa inh chic nt inh, didu ny cc 1 "rune™ VE NE drome miy c6 thé 1 gid IA be, tinh chin mite 46, chisa dat dén hotc phién dign hoe sai tim. Khdny hai nim ving gigi han mike va dung trang #0 +P (ding trung), nhumg théi Oi yeu edu mite 6. ‘ching Tir cbn cho rng “trang” khong pl bién dBi, 6 trong th gian khie nhaw, svat fap string” dev kb, idng nha Do db, Kh bu moi tern thie theo di Kig bién dBi va nim wg a, cin’ mol gud “doin chip kj trung % # Jt 4" (Lun mei Nghiéu viet) et thi tt nim Hy dao trang, va phi cot trong sg thay di vé ‘hoi (th inn, th co, that 8)... Ay 18 mugt yu t6 cn tinh inh oat, tinh oo dng trong vige vin dng pham tn dgo dic “Trung dung”. [Nhan thie bign chimg va xt ly cia Khéng Ti trong euge séng xB hi thudmg [a d8i lp hai du, thé hign vin dung phuong phip vi inguyén tie nay eda Trung dung. Trong ly ludn tri quoe, Khong Te dé suit khoan vi minh, hug va phi, 10 va on. pha quée va phi din. Khdng Té khi xi miu thudn ndy, khéng phai 18 tre ché hai div cia mau thun, ma la tim kiém diém tiét ché, ding con dmg thich hop lm cho Igi ich cia di bén lién két [gi va cing duge théa man. Khéng Tit dé xuit “Trung dung”, biéu thi tiéu chun dgo dite t6i cao cin 6ng, nguyén cba trung dung la chi dire tinh, 14 hinh vi cha ‘con nguoi, thai qua va bit cp déu c6 tré nggi voi disc tinh cao c&. ‘Tht ra tu tuémg nay dé tir liu. Chu Céng dé xuéng thye han “ite rung 48" (Thaeomg the, Ttu edo) va nhin manh khi xi kiéa ‘vd ding hinh phai “trung chinh ‘ a (Thheong du, La hinh). 6 Chu Dich thé hign didu nay khé 15, Tée gi Dich ruygn Iai xuat pdt tu tung tung dng niu lin 43 n6i ro tinh nguy hee th ‘qué va bit cfp, dBc bigt thé hign 4 trong céch Ij gidi cla cfc qué: TIET, TRUNG PHU, TIEU QUA, KY TE, VIE va nhing cha thuémg xudt ai ta thir e6 dinh khong ic nhau quan hg thich Khdng Tit yéu cd moi 45 Scanned with CamScanner hy wg TINE ng, goons akg shmg King sy dif Kn gig ricoh su nga Mg VA bn dg, ‘ign mot khi 46t pha durimg rps; ‘| esc ama a khbng di dn mbt phn cfm WO} ban thi ‘ at tri bién dBi di Chetek A A ee aang i dln ncn Kg TF a du ain phin trang dung”. Trung dung KANE DN we Tan ig eg a sek, 1 Khdng thién Khng leh, git wing cfm P08 Tee mc para. King Tn 8 - orn hn ni chi, tt 48 cubng quyen bo! enone a ea na eats di (Lan mg, Tir LO) (Coding o8 aoe BAPE PENS ae vie tung dung O& ta tryén dg cho, nung bt in bags ein 38" NES coe "hi tién th on Tén, by, ent quyda th king ch tm dda x) Thong ob ue ang agi dx én mi trang dung, ho¥e cubng toe quyn etn King cn do digi. Didu gid “tang hinh if latrung chin ket hop vei euong Kg rung chinh mi ph cen ‘ido, fbi Thoda, qué TIET sich Chu Dich ni: “Tiét han, exon nin phn nh cuong dic tung Tit hE thi han thn, emg mim chia dGi ma phan cimg duge dao trung). ‘Trang dung tthe phim do Tir Tu bin sogn. Chin la dng 43 sili toe td cia KhSng Ti biah gi vé “Cuong kign trung chink MAE "Dao Trung dung bit nguin ti Chu Dich Hl Fy cho na “Tir Tu dy vio Dich rayon ma sing te, 6 ‘rin Hie DA BUC “TRUNG DUNG" CUA NHO GIA ‘Vi mit lich st triét hge Trung dung 8 hodn thanh be théng tiét ge dgo die evong ki trang chinh ci dpi Die. Trt hoe deo di ‘ny 1 bin thé ludn ca Nho gia. Ban thé a “hing Ion 48" (hoi Tong khéng dBi), bidu hign vé mat tinh céch din t6c Trang Hoa, nd ‘dt cao minh mi Tei trang dung. O tz ban thin ed nhin, n6 cling 1b 490 trng dung hota chinh (Cie nhd Nho sau thé Luémg Han efing bin “wrung hoa # 4°" hoge “rung dung # MR, nhung 3 khong phi lt cuomg kign trung chinh eia Nho gia Tién Tan, khéng trinh khdi di chéch hudmg vi haa, shu Déng Trong Thu, Duong Hing... Vuong Thing, Hin Di. Chi edng 5 Lif Tén Nguyén la bin d&n “dao gi rung A & 4", Dai trung khéng phi la trung hda, né bat ngudn tir Chu Dich, qué Dai Hu ni: “Dai hi, nguyen hank” (Qué Dai Hitw twgng treng git c6, elt hanh théng). L&i Thodn nbi: “Nhu dic t6n vj “dai trung”, ‘nhi thugng ha tng chi viét “dai hu”. Ky dire cuong kign nhi vin tinh img hd thién nhi thi hin thj df nguyén hanh. (Gidu c6, nhu (amir) nim vj ti tn gus, Ko foo va git dao trang, tén dud dvong cuong db tng v6in6 goi la gitu 5. Phim die cuong kién va vin (wong trung cho qué niy) c6 thé ting thu v6i quy It ty nhidn hop thi lim vig, cho nn rit han thong) “Thoi Bic Téng, Tu MA Quang 42 bin vé “trang hbs" va *trung dung’, coi la dao dite v6 cling ea0 minh, & phuong dién nay, Ong d& phat buy hét mye. Déi Téng, cdc nha ly hoe cdi bién ménh dé dao dite tir Tién Tan ve sau, ho coi trong Trung dung, khién n6 wé thanh mot trong Ti th, va de lip thodt khoi Lé. Nhung ho chua phat huy Ij Iudn trang dung é mit triét hoe dao ditc, ma la mtn thie vi try. Cae nha If hoe nbn thie v sung ché thiéu 6 mft niy cia Nho gia Tién Tan. Duomg ahi nha lj hoc king phii bo st triét hoe dgo die, ma la két hop dao die va titty tw nhién, tr thanh dao “tn thién nhdn af RA”. NOi vé [Nho hge Tién Tan, thi ly hoc la Tén Nho hge. Ban thén Nho hge khong ngimg d3i méi, cho nén anh hung chia né khong suy gid ma truyén ba rng ri dén cdc nude quanh ving, © Vigt Nam, dudi cée tru dai phong kién, Nho gio thinh hinh, Trang dung tri thinh bd sich gito khos ding trong efe trutmg, cdc 47 Scanned with CamScanner LEVIN Que, no cro ETHAN ‘yu cho vige thi cl tuyén chon hign 14; a top hoe eh Han, pve distaste hi xa ef ; uy dy cb i 0 viernes Hy “Trans ane chi vi die dB, KY Dan tin cin 6 i: Tre a “hi dite tt eve diém. Moi oa (Lain mg Ung 4) TNs a, aha Nho Viet Nam xa aid efi de Bs Mea Kg sin Trinh, cho rn Ki in gp i 90 ch va Nun Th 1a nub e6e IY lin yy inh din en nn chi ge & A”. Dich eh tia ia ange vig mg, ri vi gu an ng Bn Nho gi oS oe huy. Trung dung ‘thy tai 1a két hop: Dich hae: va Xudn Ty, on Pi quan he gia tb wl ng. Hoe gid nein ct Chu jet fue vi Trang dung, sung, Trung dung abe Lip rol i oa hog, rth dt wong Ti dh. Thng gua gio Ave, i Teena gia Khing Td gitah day dia vi chinh thing ton lk te Trung Qs ng wong ing 2 vag chin thing. Digw nyt the” ei Nho ia th on cue Hide tang chi, th dung nhit nguyen a2 — THE 199 ig i widt hoe thye ti, di8u Nho gia ding né 48 Bide rs uy vs én luyén tinh cdch cia nhin din, Khien nn din di theo di “Trung dung”. Duong ahi mat co ban 18 ‘via minh” xa hi dro véi xd hg ban chit ghia nd thiéu Khoa hoe, thi né thiéy nhin sink quan ign as Nhung did, oy Khdng thé quy ti 6 “vin minh” Nho gia tuyén thang, “vie a ii cl ink thin i i. rong BE pong kl, | tn mint” 12 nhae No gio thich img voi x8 hoi phong kién, xa hj phong kién khing ngimg lam phong phi nd ti li, n6 etng lin ‘hong phi xt i phong kin. Mie di trong x4 hoi phong kién, “vi tinh” nay cdng c6 khi chim néi, nhung n6 vinh vign khéng bj ti it, nguyén nh gin dom 13 tinh cdch cia n6 va din te hop think vin, Rng chi day chO nghra, an cho nén thant 48 mot thé théng nhit, Tuy né thidu nén din chi va tinh khoa hoe, chang khong oé di hai n6i dung nay, khéng ¢6 hai ni dung ny thi khén 6 hign dai ha, “Vn mink” va vin ha x3 hoi thai, nhumg dao dite Nho 40 dire quan ei ching tu tung my he cia ching, c6 nig diéu 66 thé mti mi chéi sing. Dao dite o6 tinh giai cl Guy pham hinh vi lim ng lo 6 thé vr ra ki gia ep, wut qua ZXAhGi ma shng mai. Vi con ngudi vugt qua giai nén 6 gif tri quan va. quy pham dao dite chung, ude, ring bude dBi v6i bit eit ngudi ndo, ahung e6 nhing diéu & 10, chiing ai c6 thé vit bo né ho: dt, vat thi wn ngudi). Bidu ndy, 6 bat cir xi hoi do, thoi eda moi ngubi. Vi trong hé théng tw tuéng Nho gido 6 sid tr & ch® vugt qua thoi gian, khéng gian, cho nén tu tudmg va nhin eich cia ho sng mai & db cod xy “vin minh” phong kién, “vin minh” ‘ch xa thbi ching ta, Nhumg trong “van minh” truyén théng ching ta 6 tinh hoa cia ching ta, tinh hoa nay e6 thé céch xa dai ching t, hug e6 diém edn phat phat huy, kh ng ba duomg eta cdc nén “vin minh”, ng ‘Vigt Nam quan tim dén vigc tiép nhdn nhing gid tri vin hoa thé gidi: tigp thu van héa Trung Hoa, ta cé Nho gio vi Bao vvdo Vigt Nam bj truyén théng cia van héa néng nghiép mang dim tinh than din chi tinh lang nghia xém lim cho bién di. Dic trmg, ‘iia vin ha néng nghiép la song trong tinh, trong ditc, cho nén triét hhge dao dite “trung dung” sau Khi vio Vigt Nam efing phi hgp véi tinh céch hidu hda ciia ngudi Vigt Nam, Trong cuge song, “lay hda quy % 40S, #), ngudi ta cé ging khong mit Yong a. Tam Ij con ngubi Vigt Nam ld trong sw hoa thud, ern du, sing nhuimg ni quan hé gia dinh, vy chdng déu ldy sy én hda lam trong: “Chéng gin thi vg bét liv, com s6i nd lta chiing roi hit ndo”. ‘Tinh thn bao dung cia truyén théng dan t8c Iai duge tiép ste boi vvin ha Ph8t gigo gidu long bée di, cho nén thoi Ly - Trin né df mo phong kién dong 16i vin 6 diém khéng hota to8n 18i thoi ung c6 nhtmg, cdp va thoi gian, cho <4 13 quy pham ché toan, Vi dy: “Ky 50 de cché dura ra thi hinh voi no cling nén la quy inh KhOng mu nén vit b6 nd. Nho giéo i fot sx nhjn chin sy lanh’. Neay c& trong 49 Scanned with CamScanner yt sinh". Vige oat ih, ben tong 1 nh”. Vide trong se pb aang bing moyen thing ip cho Tam még ‘ho gido Trung Hoa khi tng din chi dy, 6 ViEtNamy, va aio vi de ton vd thin cng CY thing 1 : ir Phat gio va hy bo ci ie cea Vigt Nam 18.420 M Ti wong gia din dang ci con tre cc quan, ben ned * ton Nho gio Viet Nam QU sg re tg VN hing dén mie gua ‘ram con ghi lai 6 cc tn lng, tn. t,o, tien dao... Ching ban, Viet Nam 1 mt dt nude 6 trayén thing ageing bgt Ting én dtc Vo(VE) rt Sogo i, ning tn ing, a. lt ®t Yea a hit vj ti hing du trong cdc tn. ling ‘xi. Theo thing ké cia Gido sy Noun Dac Nghe, trong 9b fet ing xb HA Th 2 Ps ere xa tn én gyi cts An hay Yen. Néu cbng thé ning ty ac et vif aga tong dng, nh Ninh, Binh Ph ‘consi bn Kem hom ni (2, 240-241). . (hn, hing ney con gui Vit Nam iin mun ng bi synch ha Tie, Bia, Nh (t,t ng). Wong gut ibltcdp, dung ha mi teuimg x8 hoi -thién nhién -con ngudti. Thim chi nh clch hia hig, bao dung biéu hign ed @ Tinh vye + guin sy, ngoi giao. Tray 1 thing van héa cia din t6c Viét Nam, ti ~ Fh dé nay tong cic cube chién trnh chéng gife ngoai xm, quén {et to vy tan che phn thing cha Gg tn bit ig Ig ‘vl chi déng cdu ha, mé dudmg cho quan gide rit lui vé nude trong dash dz. Ching hon, ciu chuygn quin Vuong Thong bi bao vay § thin Ding Quan: “Neuyén Trai biét quan Minh & vao mot tinh thé bute ching pha chu hoa, Vi vay, dng dl khuyén Lé Loi nm tim ef dy hing hom li dng yc hong quan di dink Virong Thong. Nghe lei Neguyén Tri, LE Loi mgt mat sai néi ving vay, mot mAt phéi sai 0 ‘Tint HIEU DAO DUC “TRUNG DUNG" CUA NHO GIA ‘Nauyéa Tia vidt th cho Vuomg Thing Khuyén Vong, Thdng som 3 hang, Két qua Vong Thing king di ménh vua Minh, tw ¥ shine hoe w6i quin Lam Son ri kéo quin ve nude" (Theo Tién sinh tw trang Brio cia Duong Ba Cung) (4 1.13) ‘Dae bigt trong cue Khing chign chéng MY. €6 rit nhiéu cau chuyén vf long khoan dung cia con neu Vigt Nam m moi ngubi ‘rd thé gidi doe dén cling phi cim ding, ngac ahién. Day chi la mot trong aking cis chuyén: “Anh Li Nhw Huyén tung di tog du ich xa Kinh Ké (huyén Phong Chiu, Vinh Phi) bit dupe phi cOng Mg ngiy 610-1972, d mua ngosi cD va iy chide quin by di mt cho y thay - chiéc quan bp d6i dé la ky wat cia em trait chién trum, fv tnabe lc hi sinh, Sau ny (nm 199), ki phng vién MY boi: Ching If lie 46 éng khong cdn cim gién ké thi cba minh nda hay tao? thi Gg Huyén ltr Ii: Lic by 6 eh gh tpi thay quan do ho anh ta d& tre mat ba con, anh ta Khing cn li ké di gly ti de, dé moi nguisi ngudi ngoai com gin ma 46i xit nhén dao véi ti binh (Bio Quén di nhin din nghy $-8-1995) ‘Qua diy, ching ta thy, din We Vigt Nam tigp nh va vn dung tinh hog riéthgc dao dic “Trung dun” cia Nho gido la nhu thé diy ‘rung dung khdng thai qué khong bit cip. Trung dung khéng phai 1d né trdnh, cing khong phai 14 chiét trung, doin két mét chiéu. Ching ta khong cye doan tién bude, thye hign cin bing phat trién, trdi phai ‘hin minh, nghia tinh tron ven. chi sich 1. idm Ngoe Them Tim v8 in sde von da Vie Nam, Nb Tp. 1B (Chi Minh, 1997 2 Khdi Vinh, Nguydn Thanh Tun: Bin wd hoon dng . w ong vin ha, Nib Ciah Qube gia H.1997. 3. Béng Phong: V8 ngudn van hha ed trp Vier Nam, Nxb. Mii Ci Mas, 1998 4. Nip Tal tod ep, xb. KHXH,H, 1969 31 Scanned with CamScanner L8Van, rANDING He MIDDLE WAY F CONFUCIANISM prof, Dr. LEVAN QUAN ives of Socal Science ang umaniy avira Unter Of Han, sy war oily 2 capi Li ji BU lay pecans wok in Te Four Bons : Tr viens, Confucian ows the feudal dynasties, 7, te wy bvame a textbook usd it ‘schools that taught Classic) ae preparing tents forthe Civil ‘Service Examination, which elected tered people forthe country in the past, Vietnamese Confucian scholss teaching Clasticy ince did not merely each clases, But 1s taught characte, riding end proper conduct, often using The ‘Middle way &5 he ultimate ethical standard The Middte ways simply the snd solving problems. It consists of tO parts: and “Using the middle” The satement “excess and insulceney are alike” Probably cist te ean betecn the two extremes andthe mide way, Both excess and insufficiency do not suit the middle way- Th thie paper, the author wil inoduce to the reader how Confucian scholars used and regulated the The Midele Bilosophy in the intellectual, political and social realms.C) method and principle for Observing Grasping the middle 10 VOI THO! DAL CHUNG TA GS, PHAN NGOC ign Nghién ci Ding Nam A TONG NH 1. Fre ki in dén ch chuyen “No glo A Khdng hoe véi ni dieing ta, 6 hai van cho ph gh ‘quyét. D6 Ia, tt nt. ho gido vio nude ta vio Tic nao: "va thit bai, Nho gido dy ta Nho gio gi ? Chi co gi quyét duge hai van ide nay thi moi c6 didu kign eo ido Sy 06 nh, idm gi thu ttn cho cong cuge xéy dung chi nghia x8 hpi @ murde ta trong hon cdnh moi, va nhing digu tf dng thu tgn cho cng cube xdy dung hign nay. 2. Cb ngubi ndi Nho gido vio nuric ta vio ther Bac thuge, chimg cla St Nhadp 48 drge tho va dupe ton lam “Nam giag hoe 16". Di aoe knr ng Trang Qe song clr muse tat no bo cng in dan mot sb ngudi biét noi tiéng Trung Quoe ‘va bidt mot sb chi dé Sih ah cng vin thing thing. Diéu ndy edng giéne thu vite evti Phap dit chin ln Sai Gon Wp the mi trudng thon gen. Rng ti chB Ado io thng ngbn dé ch tryin bt Nho gto lt hai bude khée nhaw xa. Nguoi Trung Qube da 6 lin cai tri Trigu Tién, Man Chau, nhumg vin khOng e6 vige truyén bi Nho gido cde noi ny, Ngudi Triéu Tién sau khi d6c Lip phai ty minh sang Trung Quoc rit kinh nghigm 48 truyén bi Nho gido @ nude minh. Ché 46 cai tri cia Trang Quée tei Viet Nam trong thoi Bac thud 1b theo phép “ki mi” tite Ia “ring bude ling Iéo", chi ‘ct thu thué va Idy san vat, khéng dng cham dén quyén esi a ef Ine hu, Igc tuéng dia phuong. Tri Iai, Nho gido Ia mot tip hgp cia nhiéu yéu 18 o6 tinh ehét Logi bigt cia mt hinh thie vin héa riéng, khong thé ndo chuyén giao nhanh chéng duge. 3 Scanned with CamScanner uno quho 0 VIET AML ptm tec cinch an ace Fatal & abu ne, shag S0 8 HE ht 8 cl tag ‘aie 'n6 6 hig diém Khe 7 ; ‘i syggn ti", ma “MBH tr cg (nub eo aru ob hi 9 00 nEn iy 0 1g in dein. Nhung néw nna bo mie din i dn ea 0 i a ay bi wd - au a ab sic ke ann i ee a phuong Ty chi da rn dng 0 m8 i DN HA ot nag Jao trong ich sce nude theo Nho gido 6 tauytn ee Ay da0 din. reaming ei vig ai rt Khe val tb tien v8 IU Php, by inhib 6 cdc nub theo e&e vn a kh nau. Vige ci wr ya chi yéu tn mt ng Ip quan Ini dupe dg tno mit oat ing ché db kos et, fp lich cal tr theo cing bi quj tbc, gia thé. Cich cai tri theo Nho gio [a dya trén mou sf nguyén ly dao dite khéng lign quan gi ti thin hoe, drge chimg ming qua lich sir fc tridu dai k&t hgp vei te 1é Nhing ngurdi nay c6 hye wer cao, vin hay, eb tt, dupe do t30 cig ph qua ché d) ka ei, [Nh vay lb mt ue theo Nho gido vé mat cai tr kde xa moi nude ede tdn the pidt tre thé ky XVI chi dya trén quan be than ‘Magn vly, duomg 16i ea ti nly phi duge nha nude t6n sing bing ‘etch lip Van migu tho Chu Céng, Khing Tu (vao thoi Ly Thénh ‘Téng [1054 - 1072)), mo ky thi (kp thi du tiga vio nBm 1075), tp Quée ti gidm (nm 1076). |) BE nim mit hoc thuyét ko dai tén hai nghin nm tram nm, vA bj tranh cai da d6i nhu Khéng hoc, diéu déu tién phai ném ta edi 1 bit bién etia né xuyén sudt hoe thuyét, khién n6 thdnh trdt hoe thue sy te Ia mét nguyén If nhdt qudn, khéc cic ny hoe khie. Rat ride la n6i chung, ngubi ta thudng di ngay vio thye 8 khéng xét nguyén IY nay, cho nén cang tranh efi cay chuygn cing réi tung lén, Khéc nhiing hoe thuyét xudt phat chinh anim trong tri tim con ngudi. Ludn mgt, (Thién XV, Ve (Cong) vil: ‘TONG NHO VOITHOI DAICHONG TA “TL hi: Cb mt cu ndo 6 thé thi hin subt 661 dpe Khong? xkhéng Tt dip: Phi ching 46 leh Thi: Didu gi minh khéng mud cho min thi chi dem lam cho nud 3". CChinh chi “Thi” ndy 1a nguyén ly tao nén tinh nhét quin cia Kh3ng hoe, khién né thanh mt trigt hoe. Cong trong thiém nay KE hai cng trao dai gta Khéng Ti va Ti Céng ten la Te « “Khdng Tir nbiz Nay anh Ti, danh cho ta hoc nhigu ma bie ching ? Ti Cbng noi: Khing phi thé sao? Khing Tir dip: Khong phai. Ta ldy mot nguyén Ij d8 xuyén sudt tit ci.” Thién IV, Ly: nhdn cp cho ta Iéi giai thich vé cht “Tha, trong ‘du chuyén tro dBi gitta Khéng Ti v6i Tang Ti (tén la Sim), “Khing Tit abi: Nay anh Sim, efi dao cia ta iy mot nguyén IY 8 quin trigt tht ca. Tang Tit néi: Vang a. Tang Tir di ra, Ce mén hin Khe hai: Cau hoi dy 6 nghta thé nto? Tang Tir dip: Céi 90 ca Phu tire 6 trang tht th.” “Trung” IA “lam hit sic minh, theo mong mubn eta minh". “Thi” 1 “digu gi minh khng mudn cho minh thi dimg lam cho nguti hie”. Quan nigm nay e6 trong nhigu hoe thuyét, ngay ed niéu tin gido, Nhumg xfy dome todn bg he thuyét theo quan diém nay 1a digu rigng cia Khdng hgc. L8 ra, toan bo Luin ngit phii duge gi ‘hich fa theo quan diém “trong thi” ndy, Nhung ngubi ta 48 khong lim, Moi ¥ kién cia Khéng Tit vé: hge, chinh tr thin linh, edi chét, cue sing déu nhdt nhdt xuit phat tir chit “tho”, Toi chi thir Lim diéu ray trong pham vi mot bai néi vé quan hé gia Khéng hoc véi chi nghfa xi hoi, MOt khi d3 theo quan diém nay thi trong vige cai tr, “ngudi inh do phai ty minh néu guong” vi dung l6i chinh tj s® thign vé “dite tri” hom “phap tr “Tt Ld hoi ech lim chink ty. Khng Tr dp: Minh hay lam trade. Minh hay chju vat va trade, Tir L6 ndi: Xin cho biét thém nda. Khéng Tir dap: Lam khong biét mgt” (Thién XI, Tir 9). “Khdng Tit ndi: Lily chinh sy dé din dit dain, ding hinh phat dé ‘thye hign su binh ding thi dén s® trinh hin phat, nhung Khéng cm 55 Scanned with CamScanner Phan Ney snd, iy 1 2 on oie 11, Viehinl- si i eg 8 ta eh ang Bac EH inc 3, 604TH, ne i gu OS surbinh dig it ie id o6 nga Hm GUO cho vig foai ne ‘eke moi che 40 eal ttre day pnt ito, Dao go V8 CONE is ung thuyét khde von Khng ley panic at. KDE pha wong so ee fa pence Ni gh Hin ie | chur cb No gio, tuy e6 niu rk su am ct ae day ‘chit Han pho bi be chi, sang vi cao Nb B 0 : mi thi cbt, Ngay 8 wo thoi LE ‘pai Hanh, khi st mh TOs WW LY Gitg vit Nam vn ln pli sl Ps vj su 1b Lae Thun Fig Vit a i va Bom ths rt did chimg 16 to" Ny chuacé mh No thu 5 ; v vin bhai en gun tong bon, 4 1 No 8 Viet Non a ey nim 107S, nn ma Ko th eo sh ude mé du cho Niy thy wn hia ni chung 13 te gay to aE tgp ta Téng, Nho én di Trin, Chu Van Ay rT te, thi hat gD “Th phd ti Chy Hi 1130-1200) hoe gi Kom ie thai Nam ‘Tong (1127-1279). Chu ascot al ach tongs 20. tc bin guydn ma 6a gai "Tr thu” gm Lain ne, Mer Ti Tram dung, Dat hoe se then cht cia Nho gid. Trude €6, king cb kh nigm “Ti thy, nt vy 1st ich ify thu Nho gio, Vigt Nam hw nb ei if th b Teng Nho ma tht, vd sau 4 vie itp thu cng cht che dug ‘thbi Lé Thanh Tang thé kj XVI, va tré nén tich cye mht vo thé kj ‘XIX dui nha Nguya, Vi thir Vigt Nam tiép thu Han Nho, thi her 56 a thign v@ nla fe ti nu wie, ‘vb tir churong. Mt dt nube edn hoa voi sit nutie ngoai Im chi neha hay tr chuong? (Mot didu nia it nguist thfy ba trén thé gigi pha ‘Con into dé sich due chép ten thé tre vd ch” (cdg et ‘eb ditu kign phd bidn vin héa rong fi. jét duge vo 6 ngudi iém cin ti, mot ng tire nha | ién n6 thanh mot triét hoe ahi thi cdng ban cang r4i tink thé gigi la do ei Kt tg0 nn, nhumg chin 1 cho moi vat. Chinh vi véy Téng Nho cat “eng ghi trie ba ‘5. Dé hidu mot hoc thuyé ‘did then chbt nhét Ki

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