Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Boulevard, Ermita, Manila

College of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department

LABORATORY NO.: 5

PEE10L – M
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES – LABORATORY

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

Submitted By:
NAME SIGNATURE
Belay, Edgardo Jr R.
Caducio, Katherine G.
Casanova, Shane Alexis S.
Cleto, Kathlene Kaye S.
Conge, Arjie Rose G.
Contreras, Kristine Jewel

BSEE – 3C
GROUP NO. 2

Date Submitted:
April 8, 2024

Engr. Cheerjoy M. Curitana, RME

INSTRUCTOR

PEE10L-M – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES – LABORATORY 1

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST:
The short circuit test is performed for determining the below mention parameter of the
transformer.
 It determines the copper loss occur on the full load. The copper loss is used for finding
the efficiency of the transformer.
 The equivalent resistance, impedance, and leakage reactance are known by the short
circuit test.
The short circuit test is performed on the secondary or high voltage winding of the
transformer. The measuring instrument like wattmeter, voltmeter and ammeter are connected
to the high voltage winding of the transformer. Their primary winding is short-circuited by
the help of thick strip or ammeter which is connected to its terminal. The low voltage source
is connected across the secondary winding because of which the full load current flows from
both the secondary and the primary winding of the transformer. The full load current is
measured by the ammeter connected across their secondary winding. The circuit diagram of
the short circuit test is shown below

The low voltage source is applied across the secondary winding, which is approximately 5 to 10% of
the normal rated voltage. The flux is set up in the core of the transformer. The magnitude of the flux
is small as compared to the normal flux. The iron loss of the transformer depends on the flux. It is
less occur in the short circuit test because of the low value of flux. The reading of the wattmeter only
determines the copper loss occurred, in their windings. The voltmeter measures the voltage applied
to their high voltage winding. The secondary current induces in the transformer because of the
applied voltage.

LABORATORY PROCEDURE:
1. Make the circuit o Simulink as shown in figure 1.
2. Short circuit the secondary side terminals.
3. Connect voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter to the primary side and as well as an ammeter
in secondary side.
4. Note the values of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter in table.
5. Attach full screenshot including the Simulink circuit.

DATA AND RESULTS

VSC ISC PSC Re1 Xe1 Ze1
Frequency
(Volt) (Ampere) (Watt) (Ohm) (Ohm) (Ohm)
120 0.4164 5.895 50 692.09 749.69 288.18
124.9 0.4002 5.527 60 779.84 312.09

PEE10L-M – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES – LABORATORY 2

CALCULATION:
From the given data, determine the following values of resistance, reactance and impedance.

Primary side Calculation:

@ 50 Hz @ 60 Hz
V SC 120 V SC 124.9
Ze1 = = = 288.18Ω Ze1 = = = 312.09Ω
I SC 0.4164 I SC 0.4002

V SC 120 V SC 124.9
Re1 = 2 = 2 = 692.09Ω Re1 = 2 = 2 = 779.84Ω
I sc 0.4164 I sc 0.4002
Xe1 = √ Z 2e 1 − R 2e1 =
Xe1 = √ Z 2e 1 − R 2e1 = √ 312.092 − 779.842 = Ω
√ 288.182 − 692.092 = 749.69 Ω

DISCUSSION:

Short circuit is an electrical connection in which current flows along a path that has very little
resistance. This may result in high current flow, damage to the equipment, heating, etc.

The transformer's short circuit test is conducted on the low voltage side and shorted out on
the high voltage side. To pass the test, the secondary short-circuited winding's rated load
current must be gradually increased by the supplied voltage while maintaining frequency.
The rated current on the high voltage side is lower than on the low voltage side, making it
more convenient to short circuit the LV terminals. Meters are typically attached to the
primary side, making the main aspect the preferred area for conducting a short circuit test.

By measuring primary current and voltage, and connecting a wattmeter to the primary, the
following parameters can be calculated: total resistance, total reactance voltage drop of
primary and secondary, referred to primary. Total transformer winding losses, in watts, and
transformer regulation. Also the temperature rise of the windings, this is done by comparing
winding resistance measurements before and after a long term short circuit test. In addition
short circuit test usually performed in conjunction with an open circuit test, which is used to
calculate core losses, magnetizing current and to confirm correct winding ratios.

And to simulate this given circuit we are tasked to use Matlab as our simulator.

PEE10L-M – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES – LABORATORY 3

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, the short-circuit test offers a valuable method for approximating a

transformer's full-load copper losses (PSC). By analyzing the measured data, we can
calculate the primary impedance (Ze1). With additional information about the winding
resistance (Re1) (either through efficiency, manufacturer data, or alternative methods), the
primary reactance (Xe1) can also be determined. These parameters provide insights into the
transformer's electrical characteristics and are crucial for performance evaluation and design
considerations.

DOCUMENTATION:

@ 50 Hz

PEE10L-M – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES – LABORATORY 4

@ 60 Hz

PEE10L-M – ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND DEVICES – LABORATORY 5