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    Iot Decode

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    Iot Decode

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    Iot Decode

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    - and Intelligent Devices 1 : IoT Concepts Q1 Define IoT. Explain characteristics of IoT. Ans. : ¢ The Intemet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects ie. devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. Introduction and IOT 4 Technologies behind Smart © The internet of things refers to the capability of everyday devices to connect to other devices and people through the existing internet infrastructure. : Characteristics of loT : 1, Interconnectivity : Everything can be connected to the global information and communication infrastructure. 2, Heterogeneity : Devices within IoT have different hardware and use different networks but they can still interact with other devices through different networks, 3. Things-related services : Provides things-related services within the constraints of things, such as Privacy and semantic consistency between physical and virtual thing. 4. Dynamic changes : The state of a device can change dynamically, thus the number of devices can vary. 5. Integrated into information network : oT devices are integrated with information network for communication purpose. It will exchange data with other devices, a a@-y Introduction and IOT Technologies Internet of Things 4-2 behind Smart and Intelligent Devices a Self-adapting : Self-Adaptive is a system that can automatically modify itself in the face of a changing context, to best answer a set of requirements. = Self-configuration primarily consists of the actions of neighbour and service discovery, network organization and resource provisioning. Q.2 Demonstrate the IoT component with a neat diagram. 0S [SPPU : June-22, End Sem, Marks 9] Ans. : Fig. Q.2.1 shows IoT components. Thing or device Cloud User interface Gateway Analytics Fig. Q.2.1 loT components The hardware utilized in IoT systems includes devices for a remote dashboard, devices for control, servers, a routing or bridge device, and sensors. These devices manage key tasks and functions such as system activation, action specifications, security, communication and detection to support-specific goals and actions. Major components of IoT devices are as follows : Control units : A small computer ona single integrated’ circuit containing processor core, memory and a Programmable I/O peripheral. It is responsible for the main operation. A Guide for Engineering Students Introduction and IOT Technol Ne id Intelligent Dee 4-3 behind Smart ani Internet of Things quantity and convert it ‘ by the microcontroller unit. power management RF modules, ensors fall into 2 Digital or analog. AD analog data is converted to digital can be transmitted to the Internet. + Accelerometers ‘ measure physical and interpreted oustic sensors d. Micro flow sensors : Humidity sensors rs : Pressure sensors e Gas RFID senso! 3. main control unit an 1c erial protocol in most cases: ices the les and solar cells. batteries i s < Power sources : In small devi sources like batteries, thermocoup! are mostly powered by lightweight longer life duration. ication techn id protocol : Io’ However, i technologies: ology 4m Io’ a adio protocols, networking standard uniform Introduction and IOT Technologies Internet of Things 4-4 behind Smart and Intelligent Devices Q.3 Explain working of IoT. Ans.: 1. Collect and transmit data : The device can sense the environment and collect information related to it and transmit it to a different device or to the Internet. 2, Actuate device based on triggers : It can be Programmed to actuate other devices based on conditions set by user. 3. Receive information : Device can also- receive information from the network. 4. Communication assistance : It provides communication between two devices of same network or different network. Fig. Q3.1 shows working of IoT. Jv Actuators a ? . SOS ig & Microcontrollers @ Environment @ * x {Things ‘ GED F g seein, , & Web a, applications Data Communication management and interfaces data Tepositories Fig. Q.3.1 Working of loT A Guide for Engineering Students Ee Introduction and IOT Technol: Internet of Things 4-5 behind Smart and Intelilgent ales ree IN ie Ee eigen Devices ¢ Sensors for various applications are used. in different IoT devices as per different applications such as temperature, power, humi ity, proximity, force etc. fi © Gateway takes care of various wireless standard interfaces and hence one gateway can handle multiple technologies and multiple sensors. The typical wireless technologies used widely are 6LOWPAN, Zigbee, Zwave, RFID, NFC etc. Gateway interfaces with cloud using backbone wireless or wired technologies such as WiFi, Mobile, DSL or Fibre. Q.4 Explain advantages, disadvantages of IoT. Ans, : Advantages of loT 1, Improved customer engagement and communication. 2. Support for technology optimization. 3. Support wide range of data collection. 4. Reduced waste. Disadvantages of loT 1. Loss of privacy and security : As all the household appliances, industrial machinery, public sector services like water supply and transport and many other devices all are connected to the Internet, a lot of information is available on it. This information is prone to attack by hackers. 2 Flexibility : Many are concerned about the flexibility of an loT system to integrate easily with another. 3. Complexity : The IoT is a diverse and complex network. Any failure or bugs in the software or hardware will have serious consequences. Even power failure can cause a lot of inconvenience. . Compatibility .: Currently, there is no international standard of compatibility for the tagging and monitoring equipment. 5. Save time and money. A Guide for Engineering Students Introduction and IOT Technologies Internet of Things 4-6 behind Smart and Intelligent Devices a eee Q.5 Define IoT. Explain any one application of IoT. Ans. : Applications of loT : ; 1. Home : Buildings where people live. It controls home and security systems. 2. Offices : Energy management and security in office buildings; improved productivity, including for mobile employees. Factories : Places with repetitive work routines, including hospitals and farms; operating efficiencies, optimizing equipment use and inventory. 4. Vehicles : Vehicles including cars, trucks, ships, aircraft and trains; condition-based maintenance, usage-based design, pre-sales analytics. 5. Cities : Public spaces and infrastructure in urban settings; adaptive traffic. control, smart meters, environmental monitoring, resource management. 3. 6. Worksites : It is custom production environments like mining, oil and gas, construction; operating efficiencies, predictive maintenance, health and safety. Q.6 Describe an example of an IoT system in which information and knowledge are inferred from data. Ans. : © A weather monitoring system where sensors sends raw data values, for humidity and temperature. Context is added to the data in form of tuples. ¢ This gives us information and knowledge can be obtained by continuous monitoring of the sensor data and adding alerts if the values exceeds a certain threshold. ~e__ Another examples of IoT system in which information and knowledge are inferred from data is SMART HOME and SMART GRID. Q.7 Write a short note on SA and 31 characteristics of ToT. Ans. : ¢ SA and 31 characteristics of the Internet of Things is anywhere, anytime, anyway, anything, anyhow and instrumented, interconnected, intelligently. © To achieve such 5A and 31 capabilities, some common, horizontal, general-purpose technologies, standards and Platforms, especially A Guide for Engineering Students Introduction and OT Technologies Internet of Things 4-7 .__ behind Smart and Intelligent Devices middleware platforms based on common data representations just like the three-tiered application server middleware, HTML language and HTTP protocol in the Internet/web arena, have to be established to support various vertical applications cost effectively and new applications can be added to the platform unlimitedly. © Most of the vertical applications of IoT utilize common technologies from the networking level and middleware platform to the application level, such as standard wired and wireless networks, DBMS, security framework, web-based three-tiered middleware, multitenant PaaS, SOA interfaces, and so on. Q8 Why do IoT systems have to be self adapting and self configuring ? Ans. : © Internet of Things (loT) can be considered a highly dynamic and radically distributed networked system, composed of a very large number of smart objects producing and consuming information. ¢ The main challenges associated with the IoT paradigm are : Dealing with rapidly changing environment, heterogeneity of devices forming the network and the lack of human capacity in managing those devices, These challenges cause increasing uncertainty at design-time about the operational context of devices in their run-time. Self adapting : * Self-adaptive is a system that can automatically modify itself in the face of a changing context, to best answer a set of requirements. * ToT devices may have the capability to dynamically adapt with the changing contexts and take actions based on their operating conditions. Self-configuration : * The system is capable to readjust itself, Readjustment of the system is Tequired if its environment changes or to reach an objective set for the system, Self-configuration primarily consists of the actions of neighbor and Service discovery, network organization and resource provisioning. A Guide for Engineering Students Introduction and IOT Technologies Internet of Things 4-8 behind Smart and Intelligent Devices Introduction to IOT Communications Q.9 Illustrate the various IoT communication APIs ? 1 [SPPU : June-22, End Sem, Marks 8] ‘Ans. : oT communication APIs are REST-based and WebSocket based communication APIs. 48 REST-based communication APIs : * 1, Client-Server : Requires that a service offer one or more operations and that services wait for clients to request these operations. 2. Stateless : Requires communication between service consumer (client) and service provider (server) to be stateless. 3. Cache : Requires responses to be clearly labeled as cacheable or non-cacheable. 4, Uniform interface : Requires all service providers and consumers within a REST-compliant architecture to share a single common interface for all operations. 5. Layered system : Requires the ability to add or remove intermediaries at runtime without disrupting the system. 6. Code-on-demand : Allows logic within clients (such as Web browsers) to be updated independently from server-side logic using executable code shipped from service providers to consumers. WebSocket based communication APIs : WebSocket support full-duplex, two-way communication between client and server. WebSocket APIs reduce the network traffic and latency as there is no overhead for connection setup and termination requests for each message. Fig. Q.9.1 shows WebSocket model. WebSocket uses a standard HTTP request-response sequence to establish a connection. When the connection is established, the WebSocket API provides a read and write interface for reading and A Gulde for Engineering Students Introduction and IOT Technologies Internet of Things 4-9 behind Smart and Intelligent Devices Request for webSocket connection Response a cae a

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