Subject: Defamation Laws in America

Dear Mr Huang,

I would like to explain a topic which may be of interest to you regarding your next case in the
United States: Defamation.

In American law, defamation is considered as wrongful and false statements that can lead to
the harm of the reputation of an individual or business. The statements may be in written (libel)
or spoken (slander) form. In order to find defamation, the plaintiff must prove that elements of
defamation are present. The burden of proof is entirely on the plaintiff.

The main elements include:

- False statement: there must be an incorrect statement made about the plaintiff which
needs to be presented as fact

- Injury: there must be actual harm to the reputation of the plaintiff due to the false claims

- Publication: the wrongful statement needs to be communicated to a third party causing

direct harm to reputation

These elements are among many others of defamation, however the most important element is
that the plaintiff must prove by clear and convincing evidence that their reputation has been
directly affected as a consequence of these false statements.

This concludes the basics of defamation in the United States and I look forward to discussing
this further soon !

Kind regards,
Ghazal Alkahlan
Litigation Attorney