Arthrology

Anzor Gogiberidze
 Essential Elements
Articular surfaces

Articular cartilage

Articular capsule

Articular cavity

Synovial fluid
 Additional Elements
Articular Labrum

Articular Disc

Articular Menisci

Intraarticular Ligaments

Sesamoid bones
 Discus Articularis

Acts as a shock absorber

 Classification of Joints

Uniaxial
• Hinge
• Pivot

Biaxial
• Elliphsoid
• Saddle
• Condyloid

Multiaxial
• Ball and socket
• Plane

❑Simple Joint- only two bones are involved

❑Compound Joint- more then two bones are involved
 Cranial Synarthroses

Fontanelles

• Anterior (between the parietal and frontal bones)

• Posterior (between the parietal and occipital bones)
• Anterolateral (sphenoid)
• Posterolateral (mastoid)

Sutures

• Coronal (between the frontal and parietal bones)

• Sagittal (between two parietal bones)
• Lambdoid (between the occipital and parietal bones)
 Temporomandibular Joint

Articular head – condylar process of mandible

Articular fossa – mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Bilateral (acts as one unit) condyloid type

Articular disc

Lateral Ligament

Stylomandibular ligament

Sphenomandibular ligament
 Connections of the vertebral column

Long Ligaments
• Anterior Longitudinal
• Posterior Longitudinal
• Supraspinous

Short Ligaments
• Ligamenta flava
• Intertransverse ligaments
• Interspinous ligaments

Atlantooccipital joint

Atlantoaxial joints (one median, two lateral)

Zygapophyseal joints
 Craniovertebral joints

Atlanto-occipital
• Head flexion
• Head extension

Atlantoaxial
• One median
• Two lateral
• Head rotation
 Ligaments of
Craniovertebral joints
Atlanto-occipital membranes
• Occipital bone
• Anterior atlantic arch
• Posterior atlantic arch

Alar ligaments
• Secure the dens to the skull

Cruciform ligament
• Longitudinal fascicles
• Transverse ligament
• Secures the dens (against the
anterior arch)
Intervertebral Discs

Nucleus
pulposus Anulus
fibrosus
 Articulations of the Thorax
Costocentral Joints (joint of the head of rib)

Costotransverse Joints

Sternocostal Joints

Interchondral Joints

Sternal Synchondroses

• Manubriosternal
• Xiphisternal
 Joints of the Pectoral Girdle
Sternoclavicular joint
• Pivot joint
• Articular disk
• Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
• Interclavicular ligament
• Costoclavicular ligament

Acromioclavicular joint
• Plane joint
• Articular disk
• acromioclavicular ligament
• coracoclavicular ligament
Luxations
 Shoulder joint
ball-and-socket type
Glenohumeral ligaments
Coracohumeral ligament
Articular Labrum
Bursae
 Glenohumeral dislocations

❑Can damage the axillary nerve and lead to a flattened shoulder profile.
 Elbow joint
Humeroulnar joint

Humeroradial joint

Proximal radioulnar joint

Ligaments:
❑Radial and Ulnar collateral
❑Annular radial
Olecranon Bursitis
 Subluxation of the radioulnar joint
Immature radial head can be subluxated when the child’s arm is jerked upward
Tears the distal attachment of the annular ligament
Distal displacement of the radial head
The injured arm is held in a flexed and pronated position
Supination of the flexed elbow returns the joint to the correct orientation
 Radiocarpal Joint

Elliphsoid

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

Dorsal and palrmar ulnocarpal

ligaments

Dorsal and palmar radiocarpal

ligaments
Wrist joint
 Hand Joints
Midcarpal joint

• Saddle
• Radiate carpal lig.

Intercarpal Joints

• Plane
• Intercarpal ligg:interosseous, dorsal and palmar

Carpometacarpal joints

• I saddle, others plane

• Dorsal and palmar carpometacarpal ligaments

Intermetacarpal joints

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

• I hinge, others - ball and socket

• Collateral ligaments
• Palmar ligament

Interphalageal Joints

• hinge
• collateral ligaments
Good Luck!