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Deniliquin
Deniliquin (/dəˈnɪlɪkwɪn/)[2] is a town in the Riverina region of New
Deniliquin
South Wales, Australia, close to the border with Victoria. It is the largest
New South Wales
town in the Edward River Council local government area.

Deniliquin is located at the intersection of the Riverina and Cobb

Highway approximately 725 kilometres (450 mi) south west of the state
capital, Sydney and 285 kilometres (177 mi) due north of Melbourne. The
town is divided in two parts by the Edward River, an anabranch of the
Murray River, with the main business district located on the south bank.

The town services a productive agricultural district with prominent rice,

wool and timber industries. At the 2016 census, the urban population of
Deniliquin was 6,833.[3] Deniliquin town centre

Prehistory
Deniliquin is the namesake of the deeply buried Deniliquin multiple-ring
structure, which is suggested to be at the core of a 320 mile diameter
impact structure formed by a meteor strike over 400 million years ago,
possibly responsible for the Late Ordovician mass extinction.[4][5]

History Deniliquin

Prior to European colonisation, the Indigenous Australian traditional

owners of the Deniliquin area are the Barababaraba people.[6]
Coordinates 35°31′47″S
In 1843, the entrepreneur and speculator Benjamin Boyd acquired land in
144°57′25″E
the vicinity of present-day Deniliquin (probably via his agent Augustus
Population 7,862 (2016 census)[1]
Morris). The location was then known by colonists as The Sandhills.
Although there are several origin stories for the name Deniliquin, the Postcode(s) 2710
most common suggests Boyd (or Morris) named it after 'Denilakoon', a Elevation 93.0 m (305 ft)
local Indigenous Elder, famed for his wrestling prowess.[7] An inn and a Location 724 km (450 mi) from
punt were established on the site between 1845 and 1847; the town site
Sydney
was surveyed in 1848, and gazetted in 1850.[6] The original Native Police
284 km (176 mi) from
force of Frederick Walker was organised at Deniliquin in 1848. The
Melbourne
Deniliquin Post Office opened on 1 January 1850.[8]
138 km (86 mi) from
In 1853, William John Wills of the Burke and Wills expedition worked as Shepparton (Victoria)
a shepherd at the Royal Bank sheep station near Deniliquin. 184 km (114 mi) from
Bendigo (Victoria)
As Deniliquin was established on the convergence of major stock routes
234 km (145 mi) from
between the colonies of Queensland, New South Wales and the Victorian
Griffith
gold rush centres of Victoria, it soon became an important river crossing
and the first bridge was built over the Edward River in 1861. The LGA(s) Edward River Council
Deniliquin and Moama Railway Company built a private railway in 1879 County Townsend
to connect with Moama, across the Murray River from the busy river port State Murray
of Echuca, connected by rail to Melbourne.[6] electorate(s)

Wool growing quickly became a major industry and the area around Federal Farrer
Deniliquin was home to several Merino studs.[6] In 1861, George Hall division(s)
Peppin and his two sons, experienced English sheep breeders, established Mean max Mean min Annual
a Merino stud at Wanganella station, north of Deniliquin. There, the temp temp rainfall

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brothers developed the Peppin 23.6 °C 9.5 °C 405.7 mm

Merino, able to thrive in drier 74 °F 49 °F 16 in
inland regions. Today, as many as
70 per cent of Merinos in
Australia are said to be directly descended from these sheep.[9]

In the 1860s, Deniliquin was the centre of a short-lived campaign by

wealthy pastoralists including Peppin, George Desailly, Robert Landale and
William Brodribb for secession from New South Wales and the creation of a
new Riverina colony. This campaign was supported by David Jones,
A water trough on a sheep farm 50 km
proprietor of the local newspaper, the Pastoral Times.[10][11]
north of Deniliquin
A Post Office was opened in Deniliquin on 1 January 1850. The first
Telegraph Office was a privately constructed and operated office in concert
with Moama. In March 1858, the Victorian Government had extended its telegraph line from Bendigo (Sandhurst)
through Castlemaine to Echuca. The nearest New South Wales telegraph lines to the Echuca-Deniliquin area at that
time were at Albury, Gundagai and Bathurst. Hence the pro-active citizens of Echuca and Deniliquin formed the
Deniliquin and Echuca Telegraph Company and built and operated their own private line across the border to
Echuca and Bendigo through to Melbourne and beyond from 24 March 1859. Finally the N.S.W. Government took
the private company over and created its own offices and telegraph lines. The Government Telegraph Office at
Deniliquin opened on 1 August 1861. It merged with the Post Office on 1 January 1870 before separating on 1
August 1875 and then getting back together on 29 June 1901.[12]

On 19 December 1868, Deniliquin was constituted as the Municipality of Deniliquin, and the first municipal
election was held on 23 February 1869. In 1993, the enactment of the Local Government Act (NSW) saw the name
of the council changed from the Municipality of Deniliquin to the Deniliquin Council.[13]

Large-scale irrigation schemes came to the Deniliquin area with the establishment of the Deniboota and Denimein
Irrigation Districts in 1938 and the Berriquin Irrigation District in 1939, using water diverted from the Murray
River at Lake Mulwala through the Mulwala Canal. An ample and reliable water supply led to the development of
water-intensive industries such as rice growing.[14]

During the Second World War, RAAF Station Deniliquin was home to No. 7 Service Flying Training School RAAF. It
was also a final disbanding site for squadrons returning from active duty against the Japanese in the Pacific. No. 22
Squadron RAAF[15] and No. 30 Squadron RAAF[16] were disbanded here in 1946, and in 1945 and 1946 it was also a
base for No. 78 Squadron RAAF before it was finally disbanded in Williamtown.[17]

Also during World War II, Muswellbrook was the location of RAAF No.15 Inland Aircraft Fuel Depot (IAFD),
completed in 1942 and closed on 29 August 1944. Usually consisting of 4 tanks, 31 fuel depots were built across
Australia for the storage and supply of aircraft fuel for the RAAF and the US Army Air Forces at a total cost of
£900,000 ($1,800,000).[18]

In April 2006, the Herald Sun reported on its front cover that the Edward River was dry, with an accompanying
photograph showing a dry creek.[19] This was later revealed to be erroneous; the photograph was of an unknown
channel on a farm within 60 kilometres (37 mi) of Deniliquin, while the Edward River was in fact still running.
Deniliquin Council and members of the Deniliquin community have since attempted to rectify the damage to local
tourism by improving the profile of Deniliquin in various media outlets.[20]

Heritage listings
Deniliquin has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Cressy Street (South): Old St Paul's Anglican Church[21]

Cressy Street: Waring Gardens[22]
72 End Street: Deniliquin 12 Pounder Rifled Breech-Loading Gun[23]
72 End Street: Deniliquin 75mm Field Gun[24]
George Street: Deniliquin Public School and School Master's Residence[25]

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Poictiers Street: St Andrew's Uniting Church[26]

Population
Historical population
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 7,862 people in
Year Pop. ±%
Deniliquin, including the surrounding rural area.
1921 2,660 —
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 4.5% of the population. 1933 3,192 +20.0%
1947 3,668 +14.9%
82.3% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of
birth was England at 1.4%. 1954 4,704 +28.2%
87.5% of people spoke only English at home. 1961 5,575 +18.5%
1966 6,277 +12.6%
The most common responses for religion were No Religion 27.6%, Catholic
1971 6,622 +5.5%
24.6% and Anglican 17.7%.[1]
1976 6,865 +3.7%
1981 7,354 +7.1%
Industry 1986 7,566 +2.9%
1991 7,895 +4.3%
Deniliquin is a service centre for the surrounding agricultural region. The region
1996 7,816 −1.0%
includes both dryland and irrigated areas. The dryland areas support grazing, in 2001 7,781 −0.4%
particular beef cattle and wool growing. Deniliquin is home to many famous 2006 7,431 −4.5%
Merino studs and the saltbush plains produce quality medium class wool. 2011 6,441 −13.3%
2016 6,833 +6.1%
The irrigated areas produce a range of high-yield crops. Rice was a major crop
2021 6,431 −5.9%
until the recent drought. The largest rice mill in the southern hemisphere is in Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics
Deniliquin, producing large packs and bulk rice for export markets.[29] The rice data.[27][28]
mill closed in December 2007 and will reopen in April 2011.[30][31]

Deniliquin is also the headquarters of Murray Irrigation Limited, an irrigator

owned private company and one of the largest privately owned irrigation supply
companies in the world. Murray Irrigation manages the operations of the
Berriquin, Deniboota, Denimein and Wakool Irrigation Areas in the Murray
Valley. These areas produce 50% of Australia's rice crop, 20% of NSW milk
production, 75% of NSW processing tomatoes and 40% of NSW potatoes.[32]
Deniliquin Court house
Sawmills in the area process timber harvested from the River red gum forests
lining the Edward and Murray floodplains.[33]

As the largest town in the south western Riverina, there is a range of

government and commercial services to residents of the town and the
surrounding area.

Climate
Deniliquin has a cold semi-arid (BSk) climate with hot, dry summers and cool
winters. The town's highest temperature of 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) was reached on 12
The Federal Hotel in Deniliquin
January 1878, and is one of the highest ever recorded in Australia.[34][35]
Despite the stretches of extreme heat, Deniliquin is prone to cold fronts in the
summer on account of its western longitude; making for an extreme variation at times. In contrast, the coldest
summer maximum was a striking 11.7 °C (53.1 °F) on 2 February 2005 at the new airport site. This reading was
substantially colder than the previous February low maximum of 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) set in 1951, and colder than even
the March record low of 12.1 °C (53.8 °F).

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Climate data for Deniliquin Visitor Information Centre (1858–2003, rainfall to 2022); 96 m AMSL; 35.53° S, 144.97° E [hide]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high 49.6 47.2 45.0 41.7 31.1 25.6 25.9 29.8 35.0 40.8 44.2 47.8 49.6
°C (°F) (121.3) (117.0) (113.0) (107.1) (88.0) (78.1) (78.6) (85.6) (95.0) (105.4) (111.6) (118.0) (121.3)

Mean daily
32.5 32.0 28.7 23.5 18.6 15.1 14.4 16.4 19.7 23.6 27.5 30.6 23.6
maximum
(90.5) (89.6) (83.7) (74.3) (65.5) (59.2) (57.9) (61.5) (67.5) (74.5) (81.5) (87.1) (74.4)
°C (°F)

Mean daily
15.7 15.7 13.3 9.5 6.5 4.5 3.4 4.4 6.2 8.8 11.7 14.1 9.5
minimum °C
(60.3) (60.3) (55.9) (49.1) (43.7) (40.1) (38.1) (39.9) (43.2) (47.8) (53.1) (57.4) (49.1)
(°F)

Record low 4.4 4.5 0.6 0.0 −3.9 −5.6 −6.1 −6.1 −3.3 −1.7 0.6 2.2 −6.1
°C (°F) (39.9) (40.1) (33.1) (32.0) (25.0) (21.9) (21.0) (21.0) (26.1) (28.9) (33.1) (36.0) (21.0)

Average
28.2 28.2 32.1 30.2 38.0 39.8 34.9 36.7 37.7 39.3 29.9 29.7 405.7
precipitation
(1.11) (1.11) (1.26) (1.19) (1.50) (1.57) (1.37) (1.44) (1.48) (1.55) (1.18) (1.17) (15.97)
mm (inches)

Average
precipitation 3.8 3.6 4.1 5.1 7.4 9.1 9.6 9.5 8.4 7.4 5.3 4.6 77.9
days

Average
afternoon
30 33 37 44 56 63 62 55 48 40 34 31 44
relative
humidity (%)

Source: [36]

Notable people
Notable people from, or who have lived in, the Deniliquin area include:

Adam Alexander Armstrong MC, OBE, former Member for Riverina, official Victoria Racing Club starter (21
Melbourne Cups), Military Cross awarded WW 2 for bravery in New Guinea[37]
Leo Barry, an Australian rules football player with Sydney Swans[38]
Eileen Mary Casey (1881–1972), suffragette[39]
Michael Cavanagh, drummer for Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard and The Lizard Wizard[40]
Aileen Dent (1890–1978), artist[41]
Malcolm Fraser, a former Liberal Prime Minister[42]
Adam Gilchrist, test and one day cricket wicket keeper and sports commentator[43]
Roy Higgins, Melbourne Cup winning jockey
Patrick Jennings, a former Premier of New South Wales[44]
Sam Lloyd, an Australian rules football player with Richmond Tigers
Todd Marshall, an Australian rules football player with Port Adelaide Power
Peter McIntyre, an Australian rules football player with Adelaide Crows
Eric Moore, drummer and manager for Australian psychedelic rock band King Gizzard and The Lizard Wizard[40]
Lee Naimo, Axis of Awesome guitarist
Simon O'Donnell, test and one day cricket player, Australian rules football player and media personality[45]

Education
Deniliquin has three public primary schools (Deniliquin South, Deniliquin North and Edward), one Catholic
primary school (St Michael's primary school), one public high school (Deniliquin High School) and one
independent K-10 school (Deniliquin Christian School)

It has a TAFE NSW Campus, which is part of the Riverina Institute of TAFE.[46]

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Deniliquin is also the base for the NSW Department of Education South West Riverina regional office. South West
Music Regional Conservatorium, part of a network of regional Conservatoriums in NSW, also offers a range of
music tuition.

Sport
Sporting clubs in the area include:

Australian rules football

Deniliquin Rams Football Club, have competed in the Murray Football League since 1933.
Deniliquin Rovers Football Club competing in the Picola & District Football League.
The Deniliquin Football Association ran from 1900 to 1932.

Rugby union football

Deniliquin Drovers (https://web.archive.org/web/20070506104333/http://deniliquin.rugbynet.com.au/),
competing in Southern Inland Rugby Union
Cricket
Deniliquin Rhinos Cricket Team, competing in the Murray Valley Cricket Association (http://www.mvca.nsw.cr
icket.com.au/)
Soccer
Deniliquin Wanderers Soccer Club - formed in the 1960s. Currently playing in the Griffith and District
Football Association.
The town formerly had a rugby league team, the Deniliquin Blue Heelers, who played in the Group 17 Rugby League
competition from the early 1960s until 1975. They won three premierships in a row in 1969, 1970 and 1971.

Deni Play on the Plains Festival

Deniliquin is home to the Play on the Plains Festival, held each
September/October on the New South Wales Labour Day long weekend. The
festival includes the well-known Deniliquin Ute Muster.[47] The Deni Play on
the Plains Festival has set a number of world records, including the
following:[47]

Year Number of utes in one location Number of people wearing blue singlets Two Utes at the Deni Ute muster
1999 2839 2002

2000 2990

2001 3012
2002 3070

2003 3418

2004 4012 1328

2005 6172 1474

2006 6211 1566

2007 6235 1587

2008 7242 2702

2009 7000 2230

2010 10,152 3500

Music

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Deniliquin has had many local bands, some notable ones being the Lincolns, the
Stormtroopers and the Lexies. Attempts been made to encourage other bands to
come to Deniliquin to perform, with varying success. Solo performers who came
from Deniliquin include Shane McGrath, Michael Gorham and Joel Sulman,
with local artists often showcased at the Deniliquin Ute Muster.[48]

Music festivals
Deniliquin has been home to many music festivals. These include: Central Hotel

Deniliquin Blues and Roots Festival: Held over the Easter long weekend and
has bought acts such as Status Quo, Santana, Jason Mraz (2013) and held in 2014 John Mayer, Elvis Costello,
local artist Michael Gorham and previous local blues artist Joel Sulman. It won Best Inland Festival in 2013.
The Flat Earth Festival, organised by a youth committee under the auspices of South West Music, beginning in
1999 and running until 2003. The aim of the Flat Earth Festival (so named because Deniliquin is on the Hay
Plains, the area with the smallest deviation of elevation on Earth)[49] was to provide a music festival
accompanied by other activities (such as motorcross demonstrations) in a drug- and alcohol-free
environment.[50] The Flat Earth Festival youth committee failed to attract new members as previous members
moved on, and the event recessed. Bands attending the Flat Earth Festival included Grinspoon and Sunk Loto.
Shakedown Festival, which involves live bands and DJs. It is organised by the Deniliquin Youth Council, a sub-
committee of the Deniliquin Municipal Council,[51] and is held during National Youth Week, on 14 April.[52]
Notable acts appearing at Shakedown include Dukes of Windsor, Behind Crimson Eyes and Andy Van.
Spring Blues Festival, inaugurated in 2006. The aim of the festival is to expose Deniliquin residents to talented
blues musicians performing in Australia, as well as providing music workshops and impromptu jam sessions.
Notable acts appearing at The Spring Blues Festival have included Dutch Tilders and Jeff Lang.[53]

Media
The local newspaper is the Deniliquin Pastoral Times. It is published on
Tuesdays and Fridays and – on each of these days – has a circulation of 2787,
with an estimated readership of 10,260.[54] Other newspapers circulated
throughout the Deniliquin region include the Herald Sun, The Age, The Sydney
Morning Herald and The Daily Telegraph.
Aerial picture of the town
There are three local radio stations: 102.5 Edge FM, 1521 2QN (classic hits) and
106.1FM (country music narrowcast), while ABC Local Radio's ABC Riverina
service (broadcast from Wagga Wagga) is available on AM675. Other stations broadcasting throughout the region
include Radio National, SBS Radio and Sky Sports Radio.

Locally available TV stations include ABC Television (ABC TV, ABC TV Plus, ABC Me and ABC News), SBS
Television (SBS TV, SBS Viceland, SBS Food, NITV, SBS WorldWatch, SBS World Movies), Prime7 (Prime7 HD,
7Two, 7mate, 7flix and Racing.com), WIN Television (WIN HD, 9Go!, 9Gem, TVSN, WIN Gold and 9Life) and
Southern Cross 10 (10 HD, 10 Peach, 10 Bold, 10 Shake, SBN and Sky News Regional). WIN Television produces a
half-hour-long regional news bulletin which screens from Monday to Friday at 6pm.

The thriller The Clinic was filmed in Deniliquin in 2008. The producers used many locations in the town while
shooting, including the Peppin Motor Inn, Warbreccan Homestead, Deniliquin abattoirs and the largest rice mill in
the Southern Hemisphere.

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2. Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3
3. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Deniliquin (Urban Centre)" (https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-
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External links
Series of Images of Deniliquin, New South Wales, 1994 (http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an13099424) – National
Library of Australia
Deniliquin Play On The Plain Festival (http://www.deniutemuster.com.au/)
Deniliquin Pastoral Times (http://www.denipastoraltimes.net.au/)
Deniliquin Businesses (https://deniliquin.biz/)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deniliquin&oldid=1225530453"

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