Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques Subtskdenty the approve qualtave dla als tetique tobe use inthe given research studyNn w l, Answer the following questions: What made you decide to enroll under the Senior High School (SHS) strand that you are taking in now? . What are the most significant experiences you encountered as a student in this strand? Why do you consider these experiences significant? . What are your memorable experiences as a student in this strand? Why do you consider these memorable?1. What common themes emerged from your answers in the interview? 2. What qualitative data analysis technique will you use? 3. How will you analyze the qualitative data through the data analysis techniques you used? éIt a list of the high level topics that you plan on covering in the interview with the high level questions that you want to answer under each topic. (Bird, 2016). This contains the interview protocol and interview questions.You have been chosen to take part in this research study through criterion sampling. Since the study will involve participants who are more than 18 years of age and at the same time experienced a heart break from a romantic relationship when he/she was between 18-25 years old, and at least twvo years had passed after the heartbreak.This study is intended to clearly understand how an individual cope up after his or her first romantic heart break. I would like to interview you by asking you about your ideas on the said topic basing on your personal experience. But before you decide whether to take part in the study it is important that you understand what the research is for and what you will be asked to do, Please take time to read the followwing information and discuss it with others if you wish, If you decide to take part, you will be given this information sheet to Keep. You will also be asked to sign a consent form. You can change your mind at any time and withdraw from the study without giving a reason.Interview questions will be given ahead to serve as your guide, Your answers in the optn-enddd interview will be kept with utmost confidentiality, Anyone who takes part in the research twill be ete only by code numbers or pseudonyms. The face to face interview will be recorded on an audio device and will then be transcribed onto a computer, The audio device will always be stored in a locked secure place and the computer data will be protected from intrusion also. The audio file will be deleted at the end of the study. You can request a copy of the interview transcript if you wish. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need further information, Thanking you in anticipation, Yours sincerely, < ae MARJUNE M. NEPAYA E Researcher aResearch Question #1. What feelings/emotions are present when a heart break from a romantic relationship is experienced for the first time? Interview Questions: + When was your first heartbreak from a romantic relationship? How did the relationship end? Why did the relationship end? * How did you feel right at the very moment of your breakup? What feelings/emotions did you feel during the breakup? How did you feel days after the break-up? « How did the breakup affect you in your day-to-day life?Research Question #2. Why do these feelings/emotions exist? Interview Questions: « Among the emotions you felt, which is very prevailing? ¢ Is there any reason why these feelings/emotions exist? + Can you explain each cause of these feelings/emotions? + How did you overcome such emotions? « Did you get help from others?Research Question #3, Recalling these feelings at present, how are the feelings similar or different from the feelings at the time of the heart break. Interview Questions: « Emotionally, how do you feel about the person if you think about him now? «What did you miss most about the relationship or the person? « If you happen to cross paths again, what would be your first reaction? What would you feel? « Why would you do such action/reaction? Why are you feeling that way? « Are you now ready to enter into another relationship? Why or why not?Steps in Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques (Creswell 2009): 1. Organize and prepare the data for analysis. 2. Read through all the data. 3. Conduct analysis based on the specific theoretical approach and method. 4. Generate a description of the setting or people and identify themes from the coding. 5. Represent the data within the research report. 6. Interpret the larger meaning of the data.It is the process of analyzing the data and searching for essential information that answers the research questions. They are considered essential if they occur of have been mentioned several times by the informants. In other words, it is a process of filtering the data (Farber 2006).Pre-set: A list of codes created in advance by the researcher based on the research question, learning outcomes, or conceptual framework. Emergent: Ideas, concepts, actions and meanings that come up from reading and analyzing the data that are not in the pre-setExamples of Preset Codes/Categories Codes/Themes/Categories Questions ena tem at Re) wo 1. What makes a quality Faciltato ae rs (F), Relevance (R), student aad Attendance (A), Variety (V) program? 2. What are the benefits of a student activities | Students (S), Mentors (M), School (S) program? 3. How can we improve Time (T), Resources (Re), Feedback a student activities (F), Mentors (M), program?Question 1. What makes a quality student activities program? V__ Participant 1: Different activities. R, V Participant 2: More choices. F Participant 3: Better mentors. F Participant 4: The facilitators will assess me and tell me if | am improving or not. A Participant 5: More students attend and participate in their chosen clubs.Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques * It aims to identify the kinds of stories told about the researched phenomenon and the kind of stories representing the phenomenon in culture and society. * Is a way to describe the structure of stories through the Narrative Analysis analysis of particular narrative segments e.g., form and function / what and how + Is concerned with action and examines the activities that are performed when people talk with one another and how these stories make use of a cultural context and accounting practicesQualitative Data Analysis Techniques Narrative Analysis (continuation) - * Is concerned with the local context of narrative e.g., why a patient and doctor shape their remarks to the . context/setting/position of a medical setting * Constructivist: Language not understood as directly mirroring an underlying reality but rather as a social tool © Specific Form: Biographic Narrative AnalysisQualitative Data Analysis Techniques * This is concerned with language use beyond the boundaries of a sentence/utterance concerning relationships between language Discourse » and society. Analysis * it has a very "linguistic' outlook (which y prevents incorporating linguistic and nonlinguistic dimension) - Talk is a social action — therefore we analyse their talk, not the personQualitative Data Analysis Techniques * Seeks to expose connections between language, power, inequality, and ideology and , how they manifest - Discursive power - Discourse ‘ Ania control over a discourse by e.g., a powerful (continuation) group —is crucial for this method * Explore the relationship between discourse and reality in a particular context * Discourse is socially constitutive as well as socially conditioned (constructivism)Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques * Also called as thematic analysis, * Method to analyse textual information Content systematically - concerned with the latent | Analysis content | * Expose meaning, motives, opinions and purposes embedded within the text (rather realist)Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques * Establishes categories _—_ (inductive, deductive) to examine the material (can Content ' oer inves involve counting!) (continuation) ° Categories have to be sufficiently precise to enable different coders to arrive to a similar result with the same body of materialWhite the appropriate qualitative data analysis technique to be used for the following research studies, 1, Lived Experiences of Teachers using Distance Learning Modalities Content/Thematic Analysis 2. Cultural roles and Conventions of Filipinos in Communication Discourse AnalysisKIND/TYPE CLASSIFICATION The process of categorizing patterns or themes from data. These are ideas or categories that emerge from a grouping of lower- level data points.Kumusta man ang inyong General Mathematics Subject? Translation: How do you find your General Mathematics Subject? Response “Medyo lisod ang uban excercises wala man gud lain textbook kami pa mangitauglaing resources.” “find some exercises a little harder because we don’t have a textbook”. “Pwed man ma research online ang mga topic pero wala free internet sa school.” “Tfind some exercises a little harder because we don’t have a textbook”. “Wala mi libro sa balay para makareview,” “We don’t have books to review.” Table of Responses of Grade 11 learners in Bulua National High School when asked about their General Mathematics subject.Rumusta man ang inyong General Mathematics sunject’ Translation: How do you find your General Mathematics Subject? Response Theme “Medyo lisod ang uban excercises wala man gud lain textbook kami pa mangitauglaing resources.” “[find some exercises a little harder because we don’t have a textbook’, “Pwed man ma research online ang mga topic pero wala free internet sa school.” “Tfind some exercises a little harder because we don’t have a textbook”. “We don’t have books to review,” Table of Responses of Grade 11 learners in Bulua National High School when asked about their General Mathematics subject. LEARNING RESOURCESGenerating themes "4 Reviewing themes Defining and naming themesETUlay Kumusta man ang inyong General Mathematics Subject? Translation: How do you find your General Mathematics Subject? “Gusto ko magpatutor kang Mam pero maulaw ko | | STUDENTS’ mangutana sa klase.” PRRFRRENCRS “T want my teacher to tutor me, but I'm ashamed of | | 7 the class”, paae “Unta manghatag si mam ug kopya sa iyang HAIN powerpoint.” “We want our teacher to give us a copy of PowerPoint” “We want online tutorial” Table of Responses of Grade 11 learners in Bulua National High School when asked about their General Mathematics subject.ETUlay Kumusta man ang inyong General Mathematics Subject? Translation: How do you find your General Mathematics Subject? “Kay gatrabaho man ko gamay ra akong time mag || SITUATIONS review sabalay.” THAT “Thave no time to review at home because I'm HAMPER working” STUDENTS TO ACHIEVE Dugay nako nakaundang mao medyo lisod LEARNING namakasabot.” “I find it hard to understand because I stopped schooling long time ago. “Kulang ra gyud ang isa ka adlaw nga Discussion sa kadaghan sa module.” “One day in a week is not enough to handle all the module”. Table of Responses of Grade 11 learners in Bulua National High School when asked about their General Mathematics subject.It refers to the process of using |diverse analytical methods to review data and arrive at relevant conclusions.DATA INTERPRETATION STEPS jy Assemble the information you'll need : Develop recommendationsAssemble the information you'll need Table 1. Experiences knowing that you are pregnant RI | "Yung natatakot akong hindi panagutan ng nobyo ko, pero mas natakot akong hindi matanggap ng parents ko ang aking nobyo dahil ayaw nila sa kanya.” i'm afraid that my boyfriend won't carry the responsibility, but Iam more afraid of my parents not accepting me as they don’t like my boyfriend} R2 | *Nung nalaman kung buntis ako para akng na down kasi nag overthink ako sa mga posebling mangyari at hindi ko alam ang aking gagawin. {As soon as I know that I'm pregnant, I felt so down because I overthink of | possibilities and do not know what to do} R3_| “Natakot ako... kasi mapapahiya ang aking pamilya, Iniisip ko na hindi ituloy ang aking dinadala. Gusto ko magpakalayo na lang, titigil sap ag aaral, Nawalan ako ng pag-asa sa buhay ng dahil sa bata.” {I'm afraid... because I put shame on my family. I thought of aborting my baby inside my tummy, I want to stay away from them, I want to stop schooling. Ilost hope in my life because of the baby.}Say Develop findings | All respondents’ responses were about fear, worries, and apprehensions. Table 1 showed the emotions that respondents felt knowing that they were pregnant at an early age. Three (3) directly blurted out the feeling of fear, and the rest indirectly said,Ruse Develop conclusions from the data given, the researcher can conclude that fear on how the parents reacted to the shame they brought up, fear of hopelessness that the baby will shutter their future dreams, fear on how they will raise the child knowing that they are incapable of supporting themselves are fears which felt a push to worry, apprehend and think of the worst deed to abort the child.“y224)) Develop recommendations The researcher suggested that family counseling will be conducted and schools should promote comprehensive sexuality education to minimize if not totally hinders teenage pregnancy.Table 2 Distribution of Respondents by Sex Sex Frequency Percent Male 230 61.33 Female 145 38.67 Total 375 100 Table 2 shows that 61.33 percent of the respondents are female, compared to 38.67 percent males. These are representatives of the current gender distribution of the population in the Philippines. According to Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) in 2015 of the total population in the Philippines, 50.40% are males and the rest are females. This gender distribution is common among most countries where male becomes more in population than female (Skelton, jaINFORMED CONSENT FORM | Allen National High School hereby testifies that | consented to join as a participant after | was given orientation on the purpose of my participation in the research titled, “Curriculum Exits of Allen National High School Graduates: Basis for Intensifying the Implementation of Career Guidance Program" conducted by Nilven Deo 5. Berganting, Rowel E. Gallego and Richelle Mae N. Linga. | was assured of protection of my rights such as confidentiality of my identity, freedom to disclose or not disclose my answers to a certain questions, right to be respected of my views, and freedom to stop my participation anytime without giving explanations. | also give consent that the proceedings be recorded on tapes, transcripts, and videos. a Senior High School graduate student of Done this day of 20__at Signature Over Printed NameRESPONSE CREDIBILITY FORM |, a Senior High School graduate student of Allen National High School hereby testifies that | have thoroughly evaluated the codes and themes with corresponding significant statements as to its consistency and coherence to the research questions for the research study titled, "Curriculum Exits of Allen National High School Graduates: Basis for Intensifying the Implementation of Career Guidance Program" conducted by Nilven Deo S. Berganting, Rowel E. Gallego and Richelle Mae N. Linga. Done this day of 20__ at Signature Over Printed NameNote-worthy Statements Basic Themes “Yong mga barkada ko (Transcript 1, Page 2, Line No. 54- 55) 1. Peer Influence Mas magkakaroon pa kayo ng other skills. (Transcript 1, Page 2, Line No. 55) 2. Skills Development Para makatrabaho ngan makabulig fat sa pamilya, (Transcript 1, Page 2, Line No. 55- 56) 3. Employment Para makatulong sa pamilya ko (Transcript 10, Page 2, Line No. 54) 4, Family Assistance Sa ako goal (Transcript 10, Page 2, Line 54) 5. Personal Goal Tungod sa kaya ko [an] irug sini. (Transcript 20, Page 2, Line 85) 6, Personal Skills |