181

,e0,- laLÑr dk;ZØe f}rh; o’kZ ds izFke ikB~;Øe MSK004 & vk/kqfud laLÑr
lkfgR; vkSj lkfR;”kkL= ds v/;;u esa vkidk Lokxr gSA ;g ikB~;Øe dqy ikWp
[k.Mksa esa foHkkftr gSA pkSFks [k.M esa izkQ
s ls j jk/kkcYyHk f=ikBh }kjk jfpr
mik[;kuekfydk dk v/;;u fd;k tk;sxkA bl [k.M esa dqy ikWp bdkb;kW esa
fo’k; o.kZu izLrqr fd;s x, gSaA bdkb;ksa ds “kh’kZd fuEukuqlkj gSa&
1- bdkbZ 14- izk-s jk/kkoYyHk f=ikBh vkSj mik[;kuekfydk
2- bdkbZ 15- izFke mik[;ku
3- bdkbZ 16- f}rh; mik[;ku
4- bdkbZ 17- r`rh; mik[;ku
5- bdkbZ 18- prqFkZ mik[;ku
mDr bdkb;ksa esa mik[;ku ekfydk ls lEcfU/kr o.kZu izLrqr fd, x, gSa ftudk
o.kZu djus ds ckn vki fd, x, v/;;u ls izkIr f”k{kkvksa dks crk ldsaxsa rFkk
buls lEc) iz”uksa dk mRrj Hkh ns ldsaxsaA

182
bdkbZ dh :ijs[kk
14-1 mís';
14-2 çLrkouk
14-3 vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh vkSj mudk lkfgR;
14-4 lkjka'k
14-5 'kCnkoyh
14-6 lUnHkZ xzUFk
14-7 cks/k ç'u
14-8 lgk;d mi;ksxh ikB~;lkexzh

bl bdkbZ ds vkè;;u ls vki

• vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh ds thouo`Ùk ls ifjfpr gks ldsaxs
• mudh —fr;ksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; ik ldsaxs
• vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dh —fr;ksa dk oSf'k"Vî tku ldsaxs
• vkèkqfud laL—r x| lkfgR; dh ijEijk ls ifjfpr gks ldsaxs
• muds }kjk jfpr mik[;kuekfydk dk fo'ks"k ifjp; ik ldsaxs

laL—r foÜo dh çkphure Hkk"kkvksa esa ifjxf.kr gksrh gSA ;g ftruh iqjkuh gS]
bldk lkfgR; mruh gh uohurk fy;s gq;s gSA foÜo dk çkphure lkfgR; osnksa ds
:i esa blh Hkk"kk esa çkIr gksrk gSA jkek;.k] egkHkkjr] vusd iqjk.k] fofoèk
n'kZu]egkdkO; vkfn lc laL—r esa fuc) gSA bl Hkk"kk esa vkt Hkh mR—"V lkfgR;
jpk tk jgk gSA vkèkqfud dfo vkt dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks laL—r Hkk"kk esa lgtrk
vkSj ljyrk ls mrkjrk gSA vkius bl ;qx ds vusd laL—r egkdfo;ksa dks ns[kk
gksxk] muds lkfgR; dk vè;;u fd;k gksxk rFkk vusd dfo;ksa ls vkidk xk<
ifjp; Hkh gksxkA jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh vkèkqfud laL—r lkfgR; ds Js"B dfo;ksa esa
fxus tkrs gSaA çLrqr bdkbZ esa vki mudk rFkk muds lkfgR; dk ifjp; çkIr
djsaxsA

jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dk tUe 15 Qjojh lu~ 1949 ¼QkYxqu —".k i{k r`rh;k] laor~
2005 foØeh½ dks eè;çns'k ds jktx<+ ftys esa ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh rFkk 183
 Jherh xksdqy ckbZ ds f}rh; iq= ds :i esa gqvkA buds firkeg dk uke ia- jke
çlkn f=ikBh FkkA firk ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh laL—r ,oa fgUnh lkfgR; ds
eeZK fo}kU] dfo rFkk leh{kd FksA firk dh lkfgfR;d vfHk#fp dh çcy Nki
f'k'kq jkèkkoYyHk ij iM+hA M‚- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh eè;çns'k 'kklu ds mPprj
f'k{kk foHkkx esa ¼çkè;kid] laL—r½ ds :i esa dk;Zjr jgrs gq, esa 'kkldh;
egkfo|ky;] Nrjiqj ls lsokfuo`Ùk gq,A
f'k'kq jkèkkoYyHk dh o; ek= rhu o"kZ gh Fkh rHkh ekrk dk nsgkolku gks x;kA
ekrk xksdqy ckbZ dk vlkef;d fuèku rFkk 'kkldh; lsok esa gksus ls firk dk
ckj&ckj LFkkukUrj.k f'k'kq jkèkkoYyHk ds fy, d"Vdj FksA firk ds lkFk jgrs gq,
Hkh ckyd jkèkkoYyHk us 6&7 lky dh vk;q ls gh ys[ku ,oa vè;;u dks viuk
voyEc cuk;kA mudh ;g lkèkuk fodflr gksdj vkt fo'kky dYio`{k ds :i esa
gekjs lkeus gSA
f'k{kk&
firk ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh us T;s"B iq= gfjoYyHk ds lkFk gh jkèkkoYyHk dks Hkh
foKku ,oa xf.kr vkfn dh f'k{kk dh vksj vxzlj fd;kA çkFkfed f'k{kk ds le;
ls gh jkèkkoYyHk viuh ç[kj esèkk ,oa vè;;u ço.krk ds fy, fo|ky; ,oa
vkl&ikl ds {ks= esa çfl) gks x, FksA mUgksaus lu~ 1965 esa eè;çns'k dh
ekè;fedf'k{kk ijh{kk esa foKku fo"k; ds lkFk 8-2-70 çfr'kr vad vftZr dj çns'k
esa çFke LFkku çkIr fd;kA foKku ,oa xf.kr esa mudh vçfrgr xfr ,oa vè;;u
ds çfr leiZ.k dks ns[kdj lHkh yksx muds oSKkfud gksus dh dYiuk djrs FksA
firk Hkh mUgsa bl vksj vxzlj gksrs ns[k çlUurk dk vuqHko dj jgs Fks fdUrq leqæ
dh ygjsa leqæ dh xksn esa gh foJke ysrh gSa] jktgal vuUr vkdk'k dks ukidj gh
'kkfUr ikrk gS] pkrd dh I;kl leqæ ty ugha] Lokrh dh cw¡n gh feVk ikrh gSA
fd'kksj jkèkkoYyHk dk eu foKku ,oa xf.kr fo"k;ksa ds vè;;u esa ugha jekA
Hkkjrh; ijEijk dh vuUr ,oa eerke;h xksn ds fy, vkrqj mudk eu foKku ls
foeq[k gks dj laL—r vè;;u ds fy, mUeq[k gks mBkA
Hkkjrh; fopkj èkkjk fo|k dks iwoZ tUe dk vftZr vkReLFk dks'k ekurh gSA
jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh blds lk{kkr~ mnkgj.k gSaA foKku fo"k; dk bruk mR—"V Kku
mUgsa dkykUrj esa egku~ fpfdRld ;k vfHk;Urk cuk ldrk FkkA muds cM+s HkkbZ Jh
gfjoYyHk f=ikBh foKku dk vè;;u dj çfl) vfHk;Urk cus rFkk vuqt Jh
vkseçdk'k f=ikBh foKku fo"k; dh i<+kbZ dj fpfdRld ds :i esa fo[;kr gq,
fdUrq jkèkkoYyHk dks rc rd laL—r Hkk"kk vkSj mlds fufgrkFkZ dk Kku gks pqdk
FkkA mUgksaus cgqr NksVh mez esa vfHkKku'kkdqUry vkSj dknEcjh tSls xzUFkksa dk
vè;;u dj fy;k Fkk rFkk muds jlikd ls iw.kZr: ifjfpr gks pqds Fks] vr:
Lukrd d{kk esa laL—r fo"k; ysdj egkjkt egkfo|ky;] Nrjiqj esa vè;;u çkjEHk
fd;k vkSj 1948 esa foÜofo|ky; dh ojh;rk lwph esa çFke LFkku çkIr fd;kA
rnuUrj mPprj ,oa mPpre f'k{kk dh ykylk ls jkèkkoYyHk lkxj vk x;sA ml
le; eè;çns'k esa lkxj foÜofo|ky; mPpf'k{kk dk çeq[k dsUæ ekuk tkrk FkkA
çks- jketh mikè;k;] M‚- ouekyk Hkokydj] M‚- foÜoukFk Hkêkpk;Z tSls rRdkyhu
fo}kuksa ds dkj.k vè;;u ,oa vuqlUèkku ds {ks= esa laL—r foHkkx] lkxj
foÜofo|ky; dh çfr"Bk Nk=ksa ds vkd"kZ.k dk dsUæ FkhA jkèkkoYyHk us ;gk¡ ,Ek~ ,-
184
¼laL—r½ esa ços'k ysdj vè;;u çkjEHk fd;k vkSj 1970 esa 82 çfr'kr vad vftZr
dj dyk ladk; esa çFke jgsA mUgksaus lkxj foÜofo|ky; ls gh ;ksxfoKku esa
fMIyksek ¼1970½] teZu Hkk"kk esa çek.ki=ksikfèk ¼1971½ rFkk lEiw.kkZuUn laL—r
foÜofo|ky; ls ¼1971½ Hkk"kkfoKku esa çek.ki=ksikfèk çkIr dhA

çks- jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dh f'k{kk nh{kk dk eq[; Js; muds firk ia- xksdqy çlkn
f=ikBh dks gh gSA mUgksaus 'kS'kodky esa gh bUgsa vejdks'k] rdZlaxzg vkfn esa lkFk
lEiw.kZ xhrk vkSj v;ksè;k dk.M rd jkepfjr ekul d.BLFk djk fn;k FkkA
fofHkUu fo|ky;ksa ds dk;ZØeksa esa bu xzUFkksa dk ikB lquk dj ckyd jkèkkoYyHk us
vè;kidksa ,oa Jksrkvksa dks vk'p;Zpfdr fd;kA cM+s gksus ij Hkh bUgksaus ch-,- rd
dh f'k{kk firk ds laj{k.k ,oa ekxZn'kZu esa gh çkIr dhA bl çdkj buds çeq[k xq#
firk ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh gh gSaA lkxj vkus ij M‚- ouekyk Hkokydj vkfn
vusd fo}kuksa ls bUgksaus f'k{kk çkIr dh vkSj çks- jke th mikè;k; ds funZs'ku esa
'kksèkdk;Z lEiUu fd;kA çks- f=ikBh fdlh Hkh ikjEifjd fo|ky; esa fu;fer :i ls
Nk= ugha jgsA firk th }kjk Nrjiqj esa LFkkfir laL—r fo|ky; esa çFkek vkSj
iwoZeè;ek ¼çFke[k.M½ dh i<+kbZ bUgksaus vo'; dh fdUrq fofHkUu 'kkL=ksa dk Kku
bUgksaus lkxj foÜofo|ky; esa dk;Zjr jgrs gq, vkpk;Z cPpwyky voLFkh ^Kku* ls
çkIr fd;kA
çks- f=ikBh dh Kku fiiklk igys ls gh vuUr jgh gSA bUgksaus dk'kh ds 'kh"kZLFk
vkpk;ksZa ia- cnjhukFk 'kqDy] ia- jkeçlkn f=ikBh rFkk çks- jsok çlkn f}osnh vkfn
dks vius foHkkx esa vkefU=r dj muls Hkh U;k;] O;kdj.k] lkfgR; vkSj osnkUr
vkfn ds dqN xzUFkksa dk vè;;u fd;kA lkxj ds U;k;kpk;Z ia- y{ehukjk;.k nqcs th
¼dk'kh ds lqçfl) fojyk laL—r egkfo|ky; ds U;k; çkè;kid½ ls jke#æh vkSj
fnudjh ds lkFk U;k;fl)kUr eqäkoyh vkfn xzUFkksa dk vè;;u fd;kA okLro esa
Lokè;k; gh çks- f=ikBh dh lcls cM+h xq# ijEijk gSA

jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dk fookg 27 ebZ lu~ 1974dks lR;orh th ds lkFk lEiUu

gqvkA lR;orh dk tUe 4 - 8-1955 dks jktx<+] eè;çns'k esa gqvk FkkA lR;orh th
ds ifjokj esa ekrk&firk] nks cgusa ,oa HkkbZ vjfoUn gSaA firk Jh f'konÙk Hkkj}kt
çkpk;Z in ls lsok fuo`Ùk gksdj ^foÜoçseeafnj* vkJe esa viuh vkè;kfRed lkèkuk
esa layXu jgrs gq;s f'kolk;qT; dks çkIr gq;As vki vjfoUn o foosdkuUn n'kZu ds
fo[;kr fo}ku~ FksA ekrk Jherh xhrk nsoh Hkh fnoaxr gks pqdh gSAa HkkbZ M‚- vjfoUn
Hkkj}kt C;kojk egkfo|ky; esa fQftDl ds çksQslj gSaA lR;orh ds firk ,oa
Üo'kqj ijLij xq# HkkbZ FksA budk iwoZ ifjp; gh bl fookg lEcUèk dk vkèkkj
cukA fookg ds le; lR;orh dh vk;q 19 o"kZ FkhA fookg cUèku esa caèkdj og
lkxj vk xbZa] tgk¡ vkpk;Z if.Mr cPpwyky voLFkh] ia- HkxhjFk çlkn feJ] çks-
dkfUr dqekj tSu rFkk f=ykspu tSls fo}kuksa ls f'k{kk çkIr djus dk mUgsa volj
çkIr gqvkA lR;orh us fookg ds vuUrj LukrdksÙkj d{kk esa ços'k fy;k rFkk çFke
Js.kh esa mÙkh.kZ gqbZaA rnuUrj lkxj foÜofo|ky; ls gh mUgksaus 'kksèkksikfèk vftZr
dhA
185
 M‚- lR;orh f=ikBh us yxHkx chl o"kksZa rd M‚- gjhflagxkSj foÜofo|ky;] lkxj
ds fgUnh foHkkx esa vè;kiu dk;Z fd;kA mUgksaus fgUnh dkO;'kkL= rFkk dkO;ksa dk
fo'ks"k vè;;u dj vusd iqLrdksa ,oa 'kksèki=ksa dk çdk'ku djk;kA mUgksaus Jh
ykycgknqj'kkL=h jkf"Vª; laL—r fo|kihB] ubZ fnYyh esa Hkh fgUnh dk vè;kiu
fd;kA M‚- lR;orh f=ikBh us iRuh ds :i esa vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dks
lkjLor lkèkuk ds mPp f'k[kj rd igq¡pkus esa Hkjiwj lg;ksx fd;kA
vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh rFkk M‚- lR;orh f=ikBh lkxj foÜofo|ky; ifjlj esa
vkn'kZ nEirh ds :i esa tkus tkrs FksA leo;Ld fe=ksa] xq#tuksa rFkk çfrosf'k;ksa ds
lkFk muds lEcUèk vfreèkqj jgsA
vkpk;Z f=ikBh dh T;s"B iq=h fç;aonk dk tUe 1977 esa gqvkA fç;aonk us lkxj ls
mPp ekè;fed f'k{kk çkIr dj bUnkSj ls ,e-ch-ch-,l- mikfèk rFkk yUnu ls ,e~-Mh-
mikfèk çkIr dhA fç;aonk dk fookg mTtSu foÜofo|ky; ds vkpk;Z iq#"kksÙke
of'k"B ,oa vkpk;kZ fu'kk of'k"B ds lqiq= fç;ad ls lEiUu gqvkA og orZeku esa
vius fpfdRld ifr M‚- fç;ad ¼,e-ch-ch-,l-] ,Ek~-Mh-½ ds lkFk yUnu esa fpfdRld
gSA fç;aonk ds ,d iq= gS ftldk uke ^jk?ko* ¼tUe &30-4-2011½ gSA
f}rh; iq=h ekyfodk dk tUe 1980 esa gqvkA ekyfodk us Hkh çkFkfed ,oa
ekè;fed f'k{kk lkxj ls çkIr dj vgenkckn ls ch-Vsd- mikfèk vftZr dhA bldk
fookg ns'k ds lqçfl) cky jksx fo'ks"kK M‚- fuf[ky Hkêkpk;Z rFkk euf'pfdRld
M‚- çfrHkk Hkêkpk;Z ds lqiq= Jh lkSjHk Hkêkpk;Z ¼vgenkckn½ ls lEiUu gqvkA
ekyfodk orZeku esa i;kZoj.kfon~ ds :i esa vesfjdk ds vVyk¡Vk 'kgj esa dk;Zjr
gSA Jh lkSjHk Hkêkpk;Z Hkh ogha vfHk;ark ds :i esa dk;Zjr gSaA
r`rh; iq=h fpUe;h dk tUe ƒ1985 esa gqvkA fpUe;h dh çkFkfed f'k{kk lkxj esa gh
lEiUu gqbZ fdUrq lu~ 2002 esa vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh ds f'kYikdksuZ
foÜofo|ky;] cSadkd] FkkbZySaM esa vfrfFk&vkpk;Z ds :i esa fu;qä gks tkus ds
dkj.k fpUe;h dh dqN f'k{kk cSadkd esa lEiUu gqbZA bUnkSj ls ch-d‚e- mikfèk çkIr
djus ds ckn fpUe;h us vfeVh foÜofo|ky; ls ,e-ch-,- mikfèk vftZr dhA
fpUe;h dk fookg lEiUu gks pqdk gSA mUgksus viuh Lo;a dh laxhr laLFkk dh
LFkkiuk dh gSA laxhr vkSj dkO; ys[ku ds {ks= esa fpUe;h us LoYi le; esa çHkwr
;'k vftZr fd;k gSA mlds vusd laxhr ,yce cu pqds gSa rFkk vestksu
baVjus'kuy cqDl ls vaxzsth esa ,d ekSfyd dfork laxzg Hkh çdkf'kr gks pqdk gSA

vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dk tUe lkfgfR;d le`f) ls vksrçksr ifjokj esa gqvkA
buds firkeg ia- jkeçlkn f=ikBh th jktx<+ ds jktnjckj esa ys[kiky FksA firk
ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh ¼Qjojh 1921&vçSy 1990½ vius le; ds fo[;kr fo}ku~
,oa leh{kd FksA laL—r esa ,Ek~-,-] ih,Pk~-Mh- gksus ds lkFk gh mUgksaus lkfgR;jRu ,oa
xhrkfo'kkjn mikfèk;k¡ Hkh çkIr dhA muds }kjk fyf[kr laL—rlqcksfèkuh]
xksdqyxhrk¥~tfy] Jhg"kZ ds :id rFkk vfHkuo lrlbZ tSls xzUFk çdkf'kr gSaA
ckY;dky ls gh M‚- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh th dh lkfgfR;d vfHk#fp jpukRed
:i esa çfrQfyr gqbZA fgUnh rFkk laL—r esa dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡ rFkk x|ys[ku esa
186 fujarj lfØ; jgsA fgUnh esa budh igyh dgkuh vius le; dh Js"B lkfgfR;d
if=dk ^ekèkqjh* ¼ƒ‹……½ esa çdkf'kr gqbZ] rFkk lkIrkfgd fgUnqLrku] eè;&Hkkjr
lUns'k vkfn if=dkvksa esa dfork,¡ çdkf'kr gksrh jghaA laL—r esa vusd dfork,¡
^ve`ryrk* rFkk nwokZ vkfn vU; if=dkvksa esa çdkf'kr gqbaAZ
xhrk] Jhen~Hkkxor rFkk jkej{kk vkSj vjfoUnn'kZu ls ;s fo'ks"k çHkkfor jgs vkSj
buds vkn'kksZa dks Lo;a pfjrkFkZ djrs jgsA ujflagx<+ esa o"kksZa rd xk;=h ifjokj ds
dq'ky lapkyu rFkk xk;=h eafnj ds fuekZ.k esa vxz.kh Hkwfedk jghA Nrjiqj esa
ekullEesyu] jktx<+ esa xhrkekulikjk;.k lfefr dh LFkkiuk rFkk laL—r ukVdksa
ds çn'kZu] dfoxksf"B;ksa rFkk vU;kU; lkekftd] lkaL—frd xfrfofèk;ksa ds lw=èkkj
jgsA xhrk vkSj jkepfjrekul ij eeZK çopudkj ds :i esa çfrf"Br gq,A Lokeh
gfjvkse th egkjkt ds f'k";ksa esa vxzx.; jgsA Nrjiqj esa laL—r ifj"kn~ dh
laLFkkiuk vkSj mlds rÙokoèkku esa laL—r ikB'kkyk dk lapkyu fd;kA ujflagx<+
esa laL—rçpkjlfefr dk xBu rFkk laL—r ijh{kkvksa dk lapkyu fd;kA laL—r
d{kkvksa rFkk laL—r 'kkyk dk fu:'kqYd lapkyu djrs jgsA
ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh th dh laxhr] ukVd rFkk fofHkUu yfyr dykvksa esa
lfØ; vfHk#fp jghA 1986 esa budk lkfgfR;d] lkaL—frd] vkè;kfRed {ks=ksa esa
;ksxnku ds fy;s ujflagx<+ esa ukxfjd vfHkuUnu fd;k x;kA
M‚- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh ekè;fed rFkk mPprj ekè;fed fo|ky; esa vè;kiu ds
lkFk Lo;a ds ç;Ruksa ls Lokè;k;h Nk= ds :i esa baVj] ch-,- rFkk ,e-,- lHkh
ijh{kk,¡ çFke Js.kh esa mÙkh.kZ dha vkSj ch-,- esa vkxjk foÜofo|ky; esa çFke Js.kh esa
f}rh; LFkku çkIr fd;kA 1956 esa 'kkldh; egkfo|ky;] Nrjiqj esa çkè;kid
fu;qä gq, rFkk ogk¡ laL—r foHkkxkè;{k ds in ij dk;Zjr jgsA 'kkldh;
egkfo|ky;hu lsok esa jgrs gq, 1978 esa lsokfuo`Ùk jgsA
ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh vius rhuksa iq=ksa gfjoYyHk] jkèkkoYyHk] vkseçdk'k ,oa iq=h
#fDe.kh ds lkFk çlUurk iwoZd x`gLFk thou dk fuokZg dj jgs Fks fd vdLekr~
iRuh xksdqy ckbZ dk fuèku gks x;kA 'kkldh; lsok esa ckj&ckj LFkkukUrj.k ds
dkj.k vdsys x`gLFk thou dk fuokZg u dj ikus rFkk rhuksa iq=ksa ,oa iq=h ds
ykyu&ikyu esa vius dks vleFkZ ikdj mUgksaus Jherh 'kdqUryk nsoh ls fookg
fd;kA Jherh 'kdqUryk nsoh ls mUgsa 5 iq= çkIr gq,A ftuds uke 1- Jh
lR;çdk'k f=ikBh 2- Jh vkuUn çdk'k f=ikBh …- Jh egs'k f=ikBh 4 Jh çnhi
f=ikBh rFkk 5- Jh cky—".k f=ikBh gSaA
vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh us vius vè;;u ds çfr leiZ.k ,oa çksRlkgu ls lHkh
HkkbZ;ksa dks f'k{kk nh{kk gsrq çsfjr fd;kA if.Mr xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh dh lkjLor
lkèkuk ,oa iq.;ksa ds QyLo:i bl ifjokj ds lHkh lnL; lqf'kf{kr ,oa lqçfrf"Br
gSaA
Jh gfjoYyHk f=ikBh vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh ds vxzt gSaA vki eè;çns'k
ljdkj esa vfHk;Urk ds :i esa dk;Z lEiknu dj lsok fuo`Ùk gSaA vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk
f=ikBh ds vuqt Jh vkseçdk'k f=ikBh eè;çns'k ljdkj ds fpfdRlk foHkkx ls
eq[; fpfdRld ds :i esa lsok fuo`Ùk gSaA buds NksVs HkkbZ Jh vkuUn çdk'k
f=ikBh jsyos foHkkx esa dk;Zjr gSAa vU; vuqt Jh lR;çdk'k f=ikBh] Jh egs'k
f=ikBh] Jh çnhi f=ikBh ,oa Jh cky—".k f=ikBh firk ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh ds
187
 infpàksa ij pyrs gq, eè;çns'k ljdkj esa vè;kid dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA

çks- f=ikBh th dks mudh lkjLorlkèkuk ds fy;s vusd jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh;
iqjLdkjksa ls lHkkftr fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ftuesa mudh lkfgR; jpuk ÞlUèkkuEß ds
fy;s çkIr lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj ¼1994½] dukMk dk jke—".k laL—r iqjLdkj
¼1998½] dkfynkl iqjLdkj ¼1999½] 'kadj iqjLdkj ¼2000½] rFkk jk"VªifrlEeku
vkfn çeq[k gSAa vc rd mUgsa yxHkx pkyhl iqjLdkj çkIr gks pqds gSaA

çks- f=ikBh th us vusd lkfgfR;d —fr;ksa dh jpuk dh gSA mUgksaus egt ƒ‡ o"kZ
dh mez esa viuh jpuk ve`ryrk esa çdkf'kr djk;h tks ml le; dh çfrf"Br
if=dk FkhA mUgksaus laL—r ds vykok fgUnh esa Hkh x| ,oa ukVî ys[ku fd;k tks
çdkf'kr Hkh gSa fdUrq mudh laL—r jpukvksa dh gh ppkZ çLrqr çl³~x esa vHkh"V
gSA
laL—r esa jfpr mudh —fr;ksa esa çseih;w"kEk~] laèkkuEk~] ygjhn'kdEk~] lEIyo%]
lalj.kEk~] vfHkuo'kqdlkfjdk] r.MqyçLFkh;Ek~] lq'khykukVdEk~] xhrèkhojEk~]
foØepfjrEk~] mik[;kuekfydk] vU;Pp] fLerjs[kk] rk.MoEk~] vuqHkoohFkh vkfn gSaA
çks- f=ikBh th us fgUnh vkSj vaxzsth dkO;ksa dk laL—r esa vuqokn Hkh fd;k gSA
i¥~poVh] :ehjgL;Ek~] :ehi¥~pn'kh] vge~ bZ{ks vkaf'kdkfu i;Zosf{krkfu rFkk
vèkZdFkkude~ vkfn muds vuwfnr dkO; gSaA gfjoa'kjk;cPpu dh eèkq'kkyk dk Hkh
lePNUn laL—r vuqokn çdk'kukèkhu gSA f=ikBh th }kjk
vfHkuodkO;ky³~dkjlw=e~ uked dkO;'kkL=h; xzUFk Hkh fy[kk x;k tks fo}Rlekt
esa pfpZr jgkA çks- f=ikBh dh x|] i| vkSj ukVî jpuk esa leku xfr gSA
ukVî'kkL= esa vuqlaèkku rFkk laL—r ukVdksa ds ç;ksx ds {ks= esa Hkh mudk eguh;
;ksxnku jgk gSA mudh —fr;ksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; fuEuor~ gS &

çseih;w"ke~ & HkoHkwfr dh dfork ls çHkkfor gksdj çks- f=ikBh us ,Ek~-,- d{kk esa
i<+rs gq, bl ukVd dh jpuk dhA ;g dfo dh çFke ukVî —fr gSA egkdfo
HkoHkwfr ,oa jktdqekjh 'kf'kçHkk ds ç.k; çlax dks dfo us ;gk¡ ukVîfo"k; cuk;k
gSA ftldk foLrkj lkr vadksa esa fd;k x;k gSA
r.MqyçLFkh;e~ & çks- f=ikBh th dh r.MqyçLFkh;e~ uked ukVî—fr yksddFkk ij
vkèkkfjr çdj.k dksfVd jpuk gSA fuj¥~tu] O;kseds"k] èkkfj.kh] ';kek] 'kkjnk] çKk]
èk`fr] Le`fr vkSj efr tSls ik=ksa dks ysdj dfo us viuh bl ukVîjpuk esa
ykSfddrk ,oa nk'kZfudrk dk lqUnj leUo; fd;k gSA mldk uk;d lhèkk&lknk
,d pjokgk gS fdUrq ckn esa 'kkjnk tSlh fonq"kh ls mldk feyu gksrk gSA leLr
fo|kvksa esa çoh.k gksdj og vius xk¡o rd dqY;k ys tkus esa lQy gksrk gSA
r.MqyçLFkh;e~ dh oLrq dfodfYir gS] la?kVuk ,oa dFkk;kstuk ds dkj.k
ukVîjpuk çHkkoiw.kZ cu iM+h gSA
çs{k.klIrde~ & bl ukVîlaxzg esa lkseçHkEk~] es?klans'kEk~] èkhoj'kkdqUryEk~] eqfä%]
e'kdèkkuh] x.ks'kiwtue~ vkSj çrh{kk 'kh"kZd lkr çs{k.kd ladfyr gSaA leLr ukVd
188
lelkef;d leL;kvksa ij vkèkkfjr gksus ds lkFk vius ;qx ds ;FkkFkZ ds lEçs"k.k esa
leFkZ gSaA çs{k.klIrde~ esa laxzghr lHkh çs{k.kd orZeku lekt ls lEc) gSa rFkk
tuekul dh fpUrk dks O;ä djrs gSaA
lq'khykukVde~ & ;g y?kq çs{k.kd gSA bl ukVd dh jpuk dk ewy fuezfyf[kr
'yksd gS &
gRok u`ia ifreos{; Hkqt³~xn"Va
ns'kkUrjs Lo;ega xf.kdk·fLe tkrkA
iq=a ifra lefèkxE; p o`{knXèka
'kkspkfe xksix`fg.kh dFkeYirØEk~AA
ukVddkj us vkpk;Z cPpwyky voLFkh ls bl 'yksd dks lqudj lq'khyk ukVd dh
jpuk dh] blesa lq'khyk] mldk ifr nso'kekZ] ik¡p fL=;k¡] jktk ef.kHkæflag] jktk
lcyflag rFkk jktk —".kçrkiflag ik= gSaA
;g ukVd L=h vfèkdkjksa ij fy[kh x;h y?kq fdUrq çHkkoiw.kZ ukVî—fr gSA L=h
thou dh vke ?kVukvksa vkSj mlls tqM+s vusd eeZLi'kÊ ç”uksa dks bl ukVd esa
mBk;k x;k gSA bl ukVd dh ukf;dk lq'khyk lkeUroknh 'kks"k.k esa vius iwjs
thou dks xqtkjrh gSA mldk dksbZ BkSj&fBdkuk mls ut+j ugha vkrkA

lUèkkue~ & bl dkO; ij jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dks 1994 esa lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj ls lHkkftr fd;k x;kA ^lUèkkuEk~* uked dkO;laxzg vUrtZofude~
cfgtZofudEk~] ygjhyhykf;rEk~] xhroYyjh rFkk ueksokd~ 'kh"kZd ik¡p [k.Mksa esa
foHkä gSa] ftuesa 53 y?kqdkO; laxzghr gSaA xzaFk ds vkfn esa çLrkouk ys[ku ds O;kt
ls dfo viuh fuHkZ;rk dks O;ä dj nsrk gS&
;fn uks 'k`.kqrs df'pn~ ;fn uSo iBR;fiA
rsu es fdfeg fPNUua fofPNUus fodys HkosAA
¼lUèkkuEk~] i`- 1½
og HkoHkwfr dh Hkk¡fr foLr`r i`Foh esa fdlh dky esa mRiUu gksus okys ikBd dh
vk'kk esa dkO; ys[ku ugha djrkA bl fofPNUu vkSj fody Hko esa vxj dksbZ mlds
dkO; dks ugha i<+rk rks mlls mldk dqN fcxMu+s okyk ughaA mldk dke gS
fy[kuk lks mlus fy[k fn;kA i<u+k u i<u+k ikBd dk viuk dke gSA mldh
fpUrk dfo dks ugha gSA mls tks dguk gS [kjk lR; dguk gSA
f=ikBh th dks çkphurk] fojklr vkSj mlds çfr fd;s x;s fdlh ds R;kx ij xoZ
gSA lkxj uxj ds eè; fufeZr rkykc ¼ftlds dkj.k gh lEHkor: bl uxj dk
uke lkxj iM+k½ ds ckjs esa yksd esa vusd fdaonfUr;k¡ çpfyr gSaA dqN yksxksa dk
dguk gS fd cgqr [kksns tkus ds ckn Hkh tc rkykc esa ty ugha fudyk rks fdlh
catkjs us mlds fy, ujcfy nh vkSj lkxj dk rkykc yckyc Hkj x;kA
vkt ml rkykc esa yksV jgh HkSalksa ,oa lqvjksa ds dkj.k] uxj dh xUnxh rFkk yksxksa
}kjk QSyk;s x;s çnw"k.k ds dkj.k ty dh ,d cw¡n Hkh 'kq) ugha cphA og rkykc
189
 vfrnhu n'kk dks çkIr gks x;k gSA mlds ?kkVksa esa vc Luku dgk¡\ og rks fdlh
Hkh lân; dks nq:[kh djrk gSA
usrkvksa }kjk mudh 'kqf) dk ckj&ckj vkÜoklu fn;k tkuk dfo dks [kyrk gSA
og tkurk gS fd buds vkÜokluksa ls bl rMkx dh n'kk esa dksbZ ifjorZu vkus
okyk ughaA ;g rkykc rks ekuks bUgha foosdHkz"Vksa ds iru dks lwfpr dj jgk gS&
l vÜoLrks usrk onfr cgqHk³~xhHkf.kfrfHk%A
dfj";ke% 'kqf)a ljl bfr pkÜokl;fr l%AA
ifjÜoLra th.kZa Hkoufeo 'kh.kZa fdeq ljksA
foosdHkz"Vkuka iruefHkr% lwp;fr rRk~AA
¼lUèkkuEk~] i`- 17½
ygjhn'kde~ & ygjhn'kde~ dks m-ç- laL—r vdkneh ds dkfynkl iqjLdkj ls
rFkk lEIyo: dks e-ç- 'kklu ds dkfynkl iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
vkpk;Z f=ikBh dh nwljh dkO;—fr ^ygjhn'kdEk~* gSA blesa nl ygjh dkO;
ladfyr gSa& olUrygjh] funk?kygjh] çko`M~ygjh] èkfj=hn'kZuygjh] turkygjh]
jksfVdkygjh] ueZnkygjh] e`fÙkdkygjh] v|kfiygjh vkSj çLFkkuygjhA
olUrygjh esa olUro.kZu ds fy, m|r dfo ç—fr esa mldk vuHkqo djuk pkgrk
gS] ijUrq vkt ds 'kgjh thou esa olUr mls fdlh vU; :i esa fn[krk gSA ^æqek%
liq"ik% lfyya lin~eEk~* tSls ikjEifjd olUr o.kZu ds vuqdj.k esa vius dks u
my>k dj dfo vkt dh okLrfodrk esa mldk lk{kkRdkj djrk gS vkSj mlds
vkt ds Lo:i dks ikBd ds lkeus j[krk gSA
lEIyo% & lEIyo uked dkO;laxzg lkr vkorksZa esa foHkä gSA bl laxzg ds dqN
dkO;ksa esa dfo dh thou –f"V ,oa mldh nk'kZfudrk rFkk xEHkhjrk Hkh çfrQfyr
gqbZ gSA dqN vkèkqfud foèkkvksa esa jfpr dkO; Hkh ;gk¡ ladfyr gSA ;g dkO;
eè;çns'k ds dkfynkl lEeku ls vya—r gSA dky dh fodjkyrk rFkk euq"; dh
yksyqirk ls dfo {kqCèk gSA vkt gR;k] ywV vkSj cykRdkj vke ?kVuk,¡ cu xbZ gSaA
dHkh dksbZ ,slk la;ksx gh gks ldrk gS fd lekpkj i= esa ,sls lekpkj u gksaA
blesa Hkh vkèkqfud Hkko cksèk ls laofyr dkO; lax`ghr gSaA
xhrèkhoje~ & ^xhrèkhojEk~* dfooj jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh }kjk jfpr jkxdkO; gSA
;|fi ;g dkO; t;nso dh ljf.k esa jpk x;k gS fdUrq dfo vius èkjkry ,oa
Hkkocksèk dk Lo;a fuekZ.k djrk gSA çkphurk vkSj uohurk ds eè; vfHkuo 'k`a[kyk
dk fuekZ.k djrk gqvk dfo ;gk¡ thou ds vusd i{kksa dks ifjHkf"kr djrk gSA ukS
lxksZa esa foHkä bl dkO; esa vusd ,slh xhfr;ksa dk ladyu gS tks vfr xEHkhj ,oa
nk'kZfud gSaA ;= r= mlds 'kCn lkSUn;Z ,oa Hkko lkSUn;Z lgt Hkh cu iM+s gSa&
ygjh"kq e;k xhfrfyZf[krk jfprk uwru'kCnrjhA
NUnLlq e;k txrh jfprk dfyrk uwru Hkko>jhAA
¼xhrèkhojEk~] xhfr] 7 ½
lkxj vkSj èkhoj ds çrhd ls dfo us bl xzUFk esa ftu xEHkhj ,oa nk'kZfud i{kksa
190 dk mUes"k fd;k gS os fu'p; gh mudh thou –f"V ds |ksrd gSaA ,slk yxrk gS
fd ;g thou gh ;gk¡ lkxj ds :i esa dfYir gS rFkk tho èkhoj gSA xzUFk dh
Hkwfedk us dfooj vfHkjkt jktsUæ feJ us bls ^çrhdjkxdkO;* dh dksfV esa j[kk
gSA ¼xhrèkhojEk~] Hkwfedk] i`- 7½

;g dkO;laxzg Jhykycgknqj'kkL=h jkf"Vª; laL—r fo|kihB ls çdkf'kr gSA ;g

dkO;laxzg ik¡p ljf.k;ksa esa foHkä gSA çFke ^xhrçokg* 'kh"kZd ljf.k ds vUrxZr 25
y?kq dkO; ladfyr gSa&exzEk~] vdLekRk~] foÜokl%] glUrh] nks"k%] nsgyh] eqXèkrk]
f'k"Vrk] gLrdEk~] eqfä%] }kjs] Hkk"kk;k%] xkuEk~] nh.kZEk~] fuæk] —rKks·gEk~] nSufUnuh]
iUFkk] ds;Ek~] u tkRoklhRk~] euksgj%] euksjFk%] bZÜoj%] ;k=k vkSj eqf"krEk~A
f=ikBh th dk Þ lkSHkkX;uwiqjEk~ß uked fo'kkyre egkdkO; Hkh l|% çdkf'kr gqvk
gSA bl egkdkO; dk mithO; rfey Hkk"kk esa jfpr ÞlhyIifndkjß gSA dfo us mls
jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr dh rjg mRÑ"V jpuk ekuk gS &
;k jkek;.kHkkjrkfnxq#fHk% dkO;SLrqykegZfrA
çR;xzk p rFkk foHkkfr d#.kkxkFkk*èkqukI;so ;kA
;k lhyIifndkjukfEu egfr xzUFks çFkka çki rka
d..kD;k% dy;kfe rkfeydFkka o`ÙkS% iqu% laL—rS%॥ 1-2॥
bl egkdkO; esa pkyhl lxZ gSaA lexz egkdkO; esa jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr dh 'kSyh
dk vuqxeu fd;k x;k gSA vuq"Vqi NUn dk ç;ksx çkèkkU;su gqvk gSA egkdfo
okYehfd ds thou ij vkèkkfjr f=ikBh th dk vU; egkdkO; Hkh 'kh?kz çdk'; gSA

f=ikBh th dh vc rd vkB x| —fr;k¡ çdkf'kr gqbZ gSa& 1- foØepfjrEk~] 2-

mik[;kuekfydk] 3- vfHkuo'kqdlkfjdk] 4- vU;Pp 5- rk.MoEk~] 6- vuqHkoohFkh 7-
fLerjs[kk ¼dFkklaxzg½ rFkk 8- vkReuk··RekuEk~A bu —fr;ksa dk laf{kIr ifjp;
fuEuor~ gS &

çks- f=ikBh th dk foØepfjr vk[;kudksfVd x|dkO; gSA i¥~prU= esa O;oâr

fun'kZuk foèkk dk vkJ; ysdj dfo us bl xzUFk dh jpuk dh gSA ;g i'kqik=
çèkku rFkk chHkRl jl vk[;ku gSA ?kwdj uked lwdj] foØeflag uked flag]
prqfjdk uked ykseM+h rFkk nwjn'kÊ uked rksrs tSls ik=ksa dks ysdj dfo us bl
vk[;ku dh jpuk ds cgkus gekjs ;qxlR; dks çLrqr fd;k gSA

;g —fr vids ikF;Øe esa fuèkkZfjr gSA mik[;kuekfydk fofp=ksik[;ku]

ek;kfoU;qik[;ku] vfHkuo& 'kkdqUry rFkk enungu 'kh"kZd pkj mik[;kuksa dk
laxzg gSA laL—r x| lkfgR; esa dfo dk ;g vfHkuo ç;ksx ekuk tk ldrk gSA
dfo us ;gk¡ ik'pkÙ; miU;kldkjksa dh dfri; voèkkj.kkvksa dk laL—r x| esa
ç;ksx djus dk lkgl fd;k gSA
191
 çR;sd mik[;ku dk çkjEHk ^lwr mokp* tSlh ikSjkf.kd 'kCnkoyh ls gqvk gS fdUrq
mik[;ku dh viuh ;FkkFkZHkwfe ikBd dks ikSjkf.kdrk ls vkèkqfudrk dh vksj ys
tkrh gSA mik[;kudkj ;gk¡ viuh ;FkkFkZokfnrk dks ugha NksM+rkA dgha mldk
;FkkFkZ Hkh viuh lhek dk vfrØe.k djrk utj vkrk gS] rks dgha og ikBd dks
yksddFkkvksa dk lk vkLokn nsrk –f"Vxr gksrk gSA
fofp=ksik[;ku ds vkjEHk esa tjn~xo dh dFkk mBkdj og ikBd ds eu esa ftruh
ftKklk dkSrgw y txkrk gS] mruh gh Ýkal ls tjn~xo ds vUos"k.k ds fy, vk;h
feuh vkSj mlds ekrk firk tktZ yqbZl rFkk 'khck ds lEcUèkksa dks ysdj HkhA
mik[;kuksa dh la?kVuk,¡ gekjh ikjEifjd yksddFkkvksa ls laokn djrh lh fn[krh
gSaA dgha ftKklk ds eè; u;k çJ mBkdj ys[kd ikBd ds eu esa vkSj Hkh çcy
ftKklk mRiUu dj nsrk gSA xzUFk ds vkjEHk esa gh ikBd ftruk tjn~xo ds ckjs
esa tkuus ds fy, mrkoyk fn[krk gS mruk gh Ýkal ls mlds vUos"k.k ds fy,
vk;h feuh ds ckjs esa tkuus ds fy, HkhA feuh dk tjn~xo ls feyu gks tkus ds
ckn Hkh tjn~xo dk yqIr gks tkuk iqu: ikBd ds eu esa ftKklk dks tUe nsrk
gSA vUr esa mlds eq[k ls ;g lqudj fd gfLrukiqj ds xqIrpj foHkkx us mls vU;
ns'k dk xqIrpj ekudj tsy esa Mky fn;k tgk¡ og vfr#X.k gks x;kA mls e`R;q ds
lfUudV tkudj gh mUgksaus ;gk¡ Qsad fn;kA ftls yksx vkradoknh ekudj Hk;Hkhr
gksrs jgsA fdUrq e`.kkfyuh ¼feuh½ mls mBk ysrh gS vkSj rc ;g irk py ikrk gS
fd ;g vkradoknh ugha tjn~xo gSA
vk[;kuksa esa jgL; ,oa jksekap dk ins&ins lfUuos'k gSA vius dF; ds lEçs"k.k ds
fy, ys[kd us dgha tknqbZ ;FkkFkZ rks dgha vfr;FkkFkZ dk vkJ; fy;k gSA ;gh
mldk ikjEifjd x|cUèkksa dh vis{kk oSf'k"Vî gS vkSj vkèkqfudrk HkhA mldh
x|jpukèkkjk yksd vkSj lkfgR; ds eè; lksiku & lh çrhr gksrh gSA foØepfjr
esa Hkh vusd ,sls LFky çkIr gksrs gSaA ;gk¡ u;s eqgkojs ,oa 'kCnkofy;k¡ x<u+s dk Hkh
ç;kl fd;k x;k gSA dgha&dgha ykSfdd eqgkojksa dk Hkh laL—rhdj.k gqvk gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ& yo.kejhfpfeJ.klfgre~ ¼i`- 5½A ;s ;= xrkLrs r=So y;a xrk: ¼i`-
5½] fHkfÙkLi`"V bo dUnqdks f}xq.kosxus ¼i`- 9½] nsgdk"Bs ?kq.k bo yxzks·Hkwæksx: ¼i`-
17½ bR;kfnA
vk[;ku esa peRdkj mRiUu djus ;k xEHkhjrk ykus ds fy, ijEijk esa çkIr lwfä;ksa
dk Hkh ;gk¡ lqUnj ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ;gh 'kSyh vU; mik[;kuksa esa Hkh –f"Vxkspj
gksrh gSA vki mik[;kuekfydk dk foLr`r vè;;u vfxze bdkb;ksa esa djsaxsA

vfHkuo'kqdlkfjdk vkpk;Z f=ikBh th }kjk 'kqdlIrfr ;k enuçcksfèkuh dh ijEijk

esa ç.khr ubZ dFkk jpuk gSA 'kqdlkfjdk vkSj vfHkuo'kqdlkfjdk ds eè; yEck
dkfyd vUrjky gSA vr: nksuksa esa oLrqcksèk vkSj Hkkocksèkksa esa Hksn gksuk LokHkkfod
gSA ;g vo'; gS fd 'kqdlkfjdk dh ukf;dk ifr ds ijns'k pys tkus ij ftl
çdkj tkj ds ikl tkus dks m|r gksrh gS] mlh çdkj ;gk¡ 'kEik Hkh eaxsrj
'kf'kèkj ds vesfjdk pys tkus ij xyr laxfr esa iM+rh gS vkSj 'khyHkæ uked
rksrk mls fdlh u fdlh dFkk ds cgkus jksdus dk ç;kl djrk gSA dFkk dk
lEiw.kZ rkuk&ckuk 'kEik] 'kf'kèkj] fouh vkSj 'khyHkæ ds chp cquk x;k gSA dFkk
192
yEch gS] mlesa vusd vUr:dFkk,a feyrh gSa vkSj ubZ dFkkvksa dks tUe nsrh gSaA

vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHkf=ikBh dk ^vU;Pp* miU;kl yksd vkSj 'kkL= ds leUo; vkSj

eatqy lkeatL; dk rktk mnkgj.k gSA çfrHkk vkSj O;qRifÙk rFkk dfo vkSj
dkO;oLrq dh ,dkdkjrk dk bruk rjksrktk mnkgj.k lEHkor: vkèkqfud laL—r
lkfgR; esa dksbZ vkSj ughaA dfooj f=ikBh dk miU;kluk;d fo'kk[k muls bruh
lekurk j[krk gS fd og dfo dk çfrfcEc çrhr gksrk gSA mlds nks gh y{; gSa&
ek¡ dk n'kZu vkSj Kku dh çkfIrA vius bu nksuks y{;ksa ds fy, og dqN Hkh djus
dks rS;kj gSA ,d fLFkfr esa vkdj og ek¡ ds n'kZu ls Hkh mnklhu gks tkrk gS ¼i`-
53½ fdUrq Kku ds çfr mldh mnklhurk dgha Hkh utj ugha vkrhA mldh
Kkufiiklk bruh ç[kj gS fd og Hkæiqjh ls lkdsr] lkdsr ls gfj}kj] gfj}kj ls
cnjhukFk rd dh ;k=k djrk gS vkSj rc dgha r{kf'kykfo|kihB igq¡prk gSA
fo'kk[k dksbZ lkekU; ckyd ughaA og viuk ifjp; nsrk gqvk dgrk gS&
rSfÙkjh;'kk[kkèo;Zq% lkseihFkh Hkkj}ktxks=ksRiUuks fo'kk[kks uke ddkZsVdikS=%
'kk[kksVdru;ks·ge~ ¼i`- & 8½A og _f"k gS] og ekr`lwä dk lk{kkRdkj djrk gSA
ml lwä ls mls viuh ekrk dk ekul lk{kkRdkj gksrk gSA
vkpk;Z f=ikBh viuh dYiukço.krk vkSj 'kkL=Krk ds fy, çfl) gSaA
^vèkhfrcksèkkpj.kçpkj.kS%* tSlh mfä;k¡ vkt Hkh vkpk;Z f=ikBh tSls euLoh euhf"k;ksa
ij gh pfjrkFkZ gksrh gSaA ;gk¡ tks dqN Hkh dgk x;k og Hkh miU;kldkj dh
vuqHkwfr gS vkSj dgrs dgrs tks dqN cp x;k og Hkh mlh dh vuqHkwfr dk ,d
fgLlk gSA

jkèkkoYyHk ds çFke miU;kl ^vU;Pp* dh Hkk¡fr mudk l|% çdkf'kr ^rk.MoEk~*

uked ;g miU;kl Hkh d'ehj ij vkfJr gSA d'ehj dk çkphu xkSjo] jktuhfr]
Ny] diV] yksyqirk vkSj ikjLifjd foæksg bl miU;kl dh i`"BHkwfe dgs tk
ldrs gSaA fo|kO;luh] dykçseh fdUrq jktuhfrd nk¡o&isapksa ls mifjfpr d'ehj
ujs'k g"kZ ¼1089&1101½ bl miU;kl dk uk;d gSA dqy feykdj miU;kl g"kZ dk
thoupfjr gS fdUrq rRdkyhu dkO;] dyk rFkk lkfgfR;d ,oa 'kkL=h; Le`f) dk
dks'k HkhA
g"kZ dy rd jktk Fkk fdUrq miU;kl dh çkjfEHkd i`"BHkwfe esa og diV laU;klh
gSA viuh çk.kj{kk ds fy, ugha] ns'k dh j{kk ds fy,] dFkklfjRlkxj tSlh egku~
—fr dh j{kk ds fy,A ekr`Hkwfe ds çfr mldk mRdV vuqjkx mls ejus ugha nsrk]
og mls lqjf{kr ns[kdj gh ejuk pkgrk gS] ,d ne Hkh"e dh rjg] vUrj dsoy
bruk gS fd Hkh"e Lo;a viuh jk"Vª dh j{kk esa leFkZ Fkk fdUrq g"kZ viuksa dh oapuk
dk] jktuhfrd yksyqirk dk f'kdkj cu dj lcdqN [kks pqdk gS] og dqN dj
ldus esa leFkZ ugha] rHkh rks fcYg.k dks i= nsdj pkyqD; ujs'k ds ikl Hkstrk gSA
mÙkjkiFk vkSj nf{k.kkiFk ds lHkh jktk ,d gksdj gh xtuh ls vk¡èkh dh rjg vk
jgs eqgEen dks jksd ldrs gSaA dksbZ ,d mls jksdus esa leFkZ ugha gks ldrkA
d'ehj dh lqj{kk vkSj ,dek= cph dFkklfjRlkxj dh çfr dh j{kk gh mlds
thoud dk ç;kstu gSA bl dk;Z dks lEikfnr dj og lq[kiwoZd ejuk gh rks
193
 pkgrk gS&thoua ee d'ehjHkqo% j{k.ks {kfirEk~] br% ç;kfe] fcYg.k vkxPNsRk~] rL;
gLrs vL;k% Hkwes% j{k.kk; ;r~ i=a pkyqD;ujs'kk; fol`"VEk~] rr~ rsu nÙkfefr foKk;
rLeS p dFkklfjRlkxjL; iqLrda leiZf;Rok ç;kstua ee thouL; voflra L;kRk~~A
rr% iwjf;Rok lq[ksu e`r% L;kEk~A
miU;kl dh lexz i`"BHkwfe g"kZ dh Le`fr;ksa ij jph x;h gSA firk dy'k] firkeg
vuU;nso rFkk firkegh lw;Zerh ds lkFk gh flagklu dh dM+oh vuqHkwfr;k¡ g"kZ ds
eu esa gSaA ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd mldk thou gh bu Le`fr;ksa ls cuk gSA
vkt bldk dksbZ viuk ugha] tks Hkh gSa lc mlds çk.kksa ds Hkw[ksA

^vuqHkoohFkh* vkpk;Z f=ikBh dh vuqHkwfr;ksa dk ladyu gSA vkB vuqHkwfr;ksa esa

vuqHkodrkZ ys[kd us fofHkUu rF;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA blesa ladfyr ys[kksa dFkk]
laLej.k] ;k=ko`Ùk] fucUèk] yfyrfucUèk bR;kfn vusd çdkj dh lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa
dk feJ.k gSA çFke rFkk f}rh; ohfFk;ksa esa fnYyh dk vuqHko of.kZr gSA rhljh
ohFkh esa nso efUnj dk] prqFkZ esa cktkj dk] ik¡poha esa 'ko;k=k dk] NBh esa flagLFk
esyk dk] lkroha esa eU=L; dk rFkk vkBoha esa ckjkr dk vuqHko of.kZr gSA

^fLerjs[kk* çks- f=ikBh th dh Ng laL—r&dFkkvksa dk laxzg gSA bldk çdk'ku

laL—rHkkjrh] ekrkefUnj xyh] >.Msokyku] ubZ fnYyh ls gqvk gSA bl laxzg esa
Þ,da #I;dE] vfHkuUnue~ ] ok;ok%] ijkorZue~ vkSj d#.kkß 'kh"kZd dgkfu;k¡
ladfyr gSaA lHkh dgkfu;k¡ jkspd rFkk vkt ds ;qxlR; ij vkfJr gSaA

Mk;jh dkO; fo|k esa fyf[kr bl y?kq dkO; esa çks- f=ikBh th ds iwoZ iphl o"kksZa
ds dqN çeq[k Mk;jh ys[k ladfyr gSaA vfèkdrj ys[k fons'k;k=k ls lEc) gSaA
Mk;jh dk çkjEHk 5-9- 1987ls gqvk gSA blesa 27-11-2010 rd ds çlaxksa dk mYys[k
gqvk gSA
jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dh jpukvksa dh fo'ks"krk,¡ &
f=ikBh th dh jpukvksa dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ mudh lgtrk] lEçs"k.kh;rk ,oa
;FkkFkZrk gSA vius ;qx dh leL;k dks fo"k; cukdj mUgksaus mUgsa ijEijk ds
vkyksd esa uwru –f"V ls ns[kus vkSj ifjHkkf"kr djus dk ç;kl rks fd;k gh gS]
lân; dks mUgksaus fopkj ds fy, mdlk;k Hkh gSA mudk lkseçHke~ ukVd y?kqdk;
gksrk gqvk Hkh ngst ds mUewyu esa NksVs cPpksa dh Hkwfedk dk fun'kZu gSA ikap o"kÊ;
lkseçHkk vius nknk&nknh ds gkFkksa lrkbZ tk jgh viuh ekrk foeyk dks ns[kdj
lhèks iqfyl pkSdh igq¡prh gS vkSj mls cpkus esa lQy gksrh gSA blh çdkj muds
es?klUns'kEk~] x.ks'kiwtue~ vkfn ukVdksa esa Hkh ;qx ds ;FkkFkZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;gh dkj.k gS fd bl ukVîlaxzg ds çk;% lHkh ukVdksa dk eapu gqvk vkSj ;s iqjL—
r Hkh gq,A
f=ikBh th viuh jpukvksa esa vius vklikl ds ifj–';ksa dks lesVus esa iw.kZr:
lQy gq, gSaA o.;Z oLrq dh lw{e fo'ks"krkvksa dh lkdkj miLFkkiuk esa os vf}rh;
194
gSaA mudk vuqHko lalkj vfrO;kid gSA nhu vkSj xjhc turk ds fy, muds vanj
vxkèk Lusg gSA vr: mudh jpukvksa esa nhuksa dh n'kk dk LokHkkfod fp=.k gqvkA
Hkkjrh; turk dh nqnZ'kk ij dfo dks bruk nq:[k gS fd og mldh rqyuk ml
xk; ls dj nsrk gS ftldk nwèk NwVus ds ckn cq<+kis esa yksx mls dlkbZ[kkus ys
tkrs gSaA
f=ikBh th dks O;FkZ dk foLrkj vHkh"V ugha gSA vyadkjksa ds cjcl ç;ksx rFkk
feF;k ikf.MR; çn'kZu ls os dkslksa nwj fn[krs gSaA vkt ds okrkoj.k vkSj i;kZoj.k
dk çR;{k fp=.k mudh fo'ks"krk gSA uxjs efg";% vkSj uxjs 'kwdjk% tSlh mudh
jpuk,¡ mudh lw{esf{kdk dh lk{kh gSA bl jpukvksa esa HkSalksa vkSj 'kwdjksa ds ftl
;FkkFkZ dk o.kZu dfooj f=ikBh th us fd;k gS og okLro esa gekjh çfrfnu dh
?kVuk gksdj Hkh f=ikBh th tSls lân; fpUrd ds gh dkO; dk fo"k; cu ldh
gSA bu jpukvksa ds O;kt ls os ekuo dh fpjdky ls lafpr Øwjrk dks Hkh ladsfrr
djrs gSaA cPps dks nwèk fiykus esa eLr 'kwdjh ds o.kZu esa dfo ds ;FkkFkZ dks ns[ksa&
,"kk ik;;fr çlUufoHkok ns'kkxrçR;;k]
'kkoku~ LoLruyfEcrku~ jlfeo Loh;a i;: 'kwdjhA
ekr`Roa tuuheu'p efgra tkuUrq rs ok dFka
fMEHk ekuoMEcjk eqgqfjeka fu?kzfUr yks"BSLrq ;sAA
foØepfjr esa ?kwdj 'kwdj vkSj mldh fuoklLFkyh ds o.kZu ds Øe esa dfo us
vfr;FkkFkZrk dk lekJ;.k fd;k gSA chHkRl dh l`f"V ds fy, mUgksaus dYiuk ds
rkus&ckus cquus dh vis{kk mlds ;FkkFkZ dks gh çLrqr fd;k gSA xhrèkhoje~ vkSj
r.MqyçLFkh;e~ mudh thoun'kZu dks iqjL—r djus okyh jpuk,a ekuh tk ldrh
gSA xhrèkhoje~ esa dfo vusd HkkoHkwfe;ksa dks dqnsjrk gSA y; vkSj Hkkoksa dh lqUnj
eankfduh esa xksrk yxkrk gqvk lân; mudh bl jpuk ds ckj&ckj vkyksMu ds
fy, foo'k rks gksrk gh gSA
vkèkqfud laL—r lkfgR; dks ifjHkkf"kr djus esa ;|fi gekjk çkphu dkO;'kkL=
leFkZ gS rFkkfi u;s Hkkocksèk ,oa vfHkuo jpukvksa dks ftu ekun.Mksa ds vkèkkj ij
ifjHkkf"kr djus rFkk ij[kus dh vko';drk Fkh] mlds fy, u, dkO;'kkL=h; xzUFk
dh vis{kk rks Fkh ghA vkpk;Z f=ikBh th us vfHkuodkO;ky³~dkjlw= dh jpuk ds
cgkus bl U;wurk dks iw.kZ djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA bl xzUFk esa mudh dfri;
ekU;rk,¡ vk;h gSa] fdUrq mUgsa ijEijk ds xHkZ esa [kkstk tk ldrk gSA fu"d"kZr% ;gka
;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd f=ikBh th fd jpukèkkjk ijEijk vkSj vkèkqfudrk dks
lesV dj cgus okyh ,slh eUnkfduh gS ftldk viuk Lora= çLFkku vkSj Lora=
ekxZ gSA vkpk;Z f=ikBh us vfHkuodkO;ky³~dkjlw= uked vyadkj'kkL=h; xzUFk dh
Hkh jpuk dh gS tks gekjs le; esa jph x;h vfHkuo dkO; foèkkvksa dks ifjHkkf"kr
djus dk LrqR; miØe gSA

çLrqr bdkbZ esa vkius jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dk ifjp; çkIr fd;kA vkius ;g tkuk
fd jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dk tUe 15 Qjojh lu~ 1949 ¼QkYxqu —".k i{k r`rh;k]
laor~ 2005 foØeh½ dks eè;çns'k ds jktx<+ ftys esa ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh rFkk 195
 Jherh xksdqy ckbZ ds f}rh; iq= ds :i esa gqvkA buds firkeg dk uke ia- jke
çlkn f=ikBh FkkA firk ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh laL—r ,oa fgUnh lkfgR; ds
eeZK fo}kU] dfo rFkk leh{kd FksA firk dh lkfgfR;d vfHk#fp dh çcy Nki
f'k'kq jkèkkoYyHk ij iM+hA M‚- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh eè;çns'k 'kklu ds mPprj
f'k{kk foHkkx esa ¼çkè;kid] laL—r½ ds :i esa dk;Zjr jgrs gq, esa 'kkldh;
egkfo|ky;] Nrjiqj ls lsokfuo`Ùk gq,A
f'k'kq jkèkkoYyHk dh o; ek= rhu o"kZ gh Fkh rHkh ekrk dk nsgkolku gks x;kA
ekrk xksdqy ckbZ dk vlkef;d fuèku rFkk 'kkldh; lsok esa gksus ls firk dk
ckj&ckj LFkkukUrj.k f'k'kq jkèkkoYyHk ds fy, d"Vdj FksA firk ds lkFk jgrs gq,
Hkh ckyd jkèkkoYyHk us 6&7 lky dh vk;q ls gh ys[ku ,oa vè;;u dks viuk
voyEc cuk;kA mudh ;g lkèkuk fodflr gksdj vkt fo'kky dYio`{k ds :i esa
gekjs lkeus gSA firk ia- xksdqy çlkn f=ikBh us T;s"B iq= gfjoYyHk ds lkFk gh
jkèkkoYyHk dks Hkh foKku ,oa xf.kr vkfn dh f'k{kk dh vksj vxzlj fd;kA
çkFkfed f'k{kk ds le; ls gh jkèkkoYyHk viuh ç[kj esèkk ,oa vè;;u ço.krk ds
fy, fo|ky; ,oa vkl&ikl ds {ks= esa çfl) gks x, FksA mUgksaus lu~ 1965 esa
eè;çns'k dh ekè;fedf'k{kk ijh{kk esa foKku fo"k; ds lkFk 82-70 çfr'kr vad
vftZr dj çns'k esa çFke LFkku çkIr fd;kA foKku ,oa xf.kr esa mudh vçfrgr
xfr ,oa vè;;u ds çfr leiZ.k dks ns[kdj lHkh yksx muds oSKkfud gksus dh
dYiuk djrs FksA firk Hkh mUgsa bl vksj vxzlj gksrs ns[k çlUurk dk vuqHko dj
jgs Fks fdUrq leqæ dh ygjsa leqæ dh xksn esa gh foJke ysrh gSa] jktgal vuUr
vkdk'k dks ukidj gh 'kkfUr ikrk gS] pkrd dh I;kl leqæ ty ugha] Lokrh dh
cw¡n gh feVk ikrh gSA fd'kksj jkèkkoYyHk dk eu foKku ,oa xf.kr fo"k;ksa ds
vè;;u esa ugha jekA Hkkjrh; ijEijk dh vuUr ,oa eerke;h xksn ds fy, vkrqj
mudk eu foKku ls foeq[k gks dj laL—r vè;;u ds fy, mUeq[k gks mBkA
Hkkjrh; fopkj èkkjk fo|k dks iwoZ tUe dk vftZr vkReLFk dks'k ekurh gSA
jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh blds lk{kkr~ mnkgj.k gSaA foKku fo"k; dk bruk mR—"V Kku
mUgsa dkykUrj esa egku~ fpfdRld ;k vfHk;Urk cuk ldrk FkkA muds cM+s HkkbZ Jh
gfjoYyHk f=ikBh foKku dk vè;;u dj çfl) vfHk;Urk cus rFkk vuqt Jh
vkseçdk'k f=ikBh foKku fo"k; dh i<+kbZ dj fpfdRld ds :i esa fo[;kr gq,
fdUrq jkèkkoYyHk dks rc rd laL—r Hkk"kk vkSj mlds fufgrkFkZ dk Kku gks pqdk
FkkA mUgksaus cgqr NksVh mez esa vfHkKku'kkdqUry vkSj dknEcjh tSls xzUFkksa dk
vè;;u dj fy;k Fkk rFkk muds jlikd ls iw.kZr: ifjfpr gks pqds Fks] vr:
Lukrd d{kk esa laL—r fo"k; ysdj egkjkt egkfo|ky;] Nrjiqj esa vè;;u çkjEHk
fd;k vkSj 1968 esa foÜofo|ky; dh ojh;rk lwph esa çFke LFkku çkIr fd;kA
rnuUrj mPprj ,oa mPpre f'k{kk dh ykylk ls jkèkkoYyHk lkxj vk x;sA ml
le; eè;çns'k esa lkxj foÜofo|ky; mPpf'k{kk dk çeq[k dsUæ ekuk tkrk FkkA
çks- jketh mikè;k;] M‚- ouekyk Hkokydj] M‚- foÜoukFk Hkêkpk;Z tSls rRdkyhu
fo}kuksa ds dkj.k vè;;u ,oa vuqlUèkku ds {ks= esa laL—r foHkkx] lkxj
foÜofo|ky; dh çfr"Bk Nk=ksa ds vkd"kZ.k dk dsUæ FkhA jkèkkoYyHk us ;gk¡ ,Ek~-,-
¼laL—r½ esa ços'k ysdj vè;;u çkjEHk fd;k vkSj 1970 esa 82 çfr'kr vad vftZr
dj dyk ladk; esa çFke jgsA mUgksaus lkxj foÜofo|ky; ls gh ;ksxfoKku esa
fMIyksek ¼1970½] teZu Hkk"kk esa çek.ki=ksikfèk ¼1971½ rFkk lEiw.kkZuUn laL—r
196
foÜofo|ky; ls ¼1971½ Hkk"kkfoKku esa çek.ki=ksikfèk çkIr dhA
çks- f=ikBh th ds jpuk lalkj dk Hkh vkius laf{kIr ifjKku çkIr fd;kA vkius
ns[kk fd mUgksaus x|]i| vkSj ukVd vkfn leLr foèkkvksa esa dye mBk;h gSA
mudk ys[ku vkèkqfud ;qx dh fofHkUu leL;kvksa ds ikBdksa ds lkeus miLFkkfir
djrk gS rFkk mUgsa fopkj ds fy;s çsfjr djrk gSA

vfHkKku'kdqUry & egkdfo dkfynkl dk foÜoçfl) ukVd

dknEcjh & egkdfo ck.k Hkê dh eguh; jpuk
vUU;Pp & vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh }kjk jfpr miU;kl
rk.Moe~ & vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh }kjk jfpr miU;kl
fLerjs[kk & f=ikBh th dh dFkkvksa dk laxzg
lUèkkue~ & f=ikBh th dk dkO;laxzg

1- jkèkkoYyHk dh lkjLor & lkèkuk ] jekdkUr ik.Ms; ] bZLVuZ cqd fyUdlZ]

fnYyh] 2013
2- jkèkkoYyHk dh leh{kk & ijEijk ] jekdkUr ik.Ms; ] bZLVuZ cqd fyUdlZ]
fnYyh] 2013
3- vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh ] dqlqe Hkwfj;k nÙkk] lR;e~ ifCyf'kax gkml] fnYyh]
2014
4- laL—r lkfgR; dk lexz bfrgkl] prqFkZ Hkkx] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] Hkkjrh; cqd
dkikZsjs'ku] u;h fnYyh] 2018

1- vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dk tUe dc vkSj dgk¡ gqvk\

2- jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dh ikfjokfjd i`"BHkwfe ij çdk'k Mkfy;sA
3- jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dh ukVî—fr;ksa dk ifjp; nhft;sA
4- jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dh i|—fr;ksa dk ifjp; nhft;sA
5- jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dh x|—fr;ksa dk ifjp; nhft;sA

1- jkèkkoYyHk dh leh{kk & ijEijk] jekdkUr ik.Ms;] bZLVuZ cqd fyUdlZ] fnYyh]
2013
2- vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] dqlqe Hkwfj;k nÙkk] lR;e~ ifCyf'kax gkml] fnYyh]
2014A
197
 bdkbZ 15 mik[;kuekfydk & çFke mik[;ku
¼fofp=ksik[;ku½

15-1 mís';
15-2 çLrkouk
15-3 mik[;kuekfydk & çFke mik[;ku ¼fofp=ksik[;ku½
15-4 lkjka'k
15-5 'kCnkoyh
15-6 lUnHkZxzUFk
14-7 cks/k ç'u
15-8 lgk;d mi;ksxh ikB~;lkexzh

bl bdkbZ ds vè;;u ls vki %

• mik[;kuekfydk ds çFke mik[;ku esa of.kZr mik[;ku dh fo"k; oLrq dk
ifjKku çkIr dj ldsxsA
• çFke mik[;ku esa of.kZr ik=ksa ds ckjs esa tku ldsxAs
• mi[;kuekfydk ds çFke mik[;ku dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks tku ldsaxsA
• bl mik[;ku ds dfBu 'kCnksa dk vFkZ tku ldsaxAs
• çkphu dFkkoLrq dh vkèkqfud i`"BHkwfe ls ifjfpr gks ldsxsA

iwoZ bdkbZ esa vkius jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dk ifjp; çkIr fd;kA vkius tkuk fd
vkpk;Z jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh bl ;qx ds egku~ lkfgR;dkj gSaA mUgksaus x|] i| vkSj
ukVd] rhuksa gh foèkkvksa esa foiqy ys[ku fd;k gSA vkids ikBîØe esa fuèkkZfjr
mik[;kuekfydk mudh egÙoiw.kZ —fr gS tks fofHkUu mik[;kuksa ds }kjk ledkyhu
leL;kvksa ls ikBdksa dks ifjfpr djkrh gSA mik[;kuekfydk esa dqy pkj mik[;ku
gSaA ftuesa çFke mik[;ku dk 'kh"kZd Þfofp=ksik[;kuß gSA ek;kfoU;qik[;ku]
vfHkuo'kkdqUryEk~- enungue~ Øe'k% f}rh;] r`rh; rFkk prqFkZ mik[;ku gSaA bl
bdkbZ esa vki Þfofp=ksik[;kuß dk vè;;u djsaxsA fofp=ksik[;ku pkj vè;k;ksa esa
foHkä gSA bldk çkjEHk ikSjkf.kd 'kSyh esa gksrk gSA fo"kedky ds vkus ij
uSfe"kkj.; esa vLlh gtkj _f"k;ksa us lwr th ls fofp= mik[;ku lqukus dh çkFkZuk
dhA mudh çkFkZuk ij lwr th mik[;ku lqukus yxsA lwr th us dgk – gfLrukiqj
ds ikl ,d fofp= ns'k gSA ml ns'k ds ?kus taxy dh xqQk esa ,d Hkkyw jgrk Fkk]
ftldk uke tjn~xo FkkA ml Hkkyw ds ckjs esa dksbZ dqN fo'ks"k ugha tkurk FkkA
198 mlds ckjs esa cgqr çdkj dh fdaonfUr;k¡ QSyh FkhaA mlds vR;kpkj ls lHkh ijs'kku
FksA og Hkksyh Hkkyh ;qofr;ksa dks mBk ysrk FkkA tjn~xo dk ;g o`ÙkkUr iwjs foÜo esa
QSy x;kA ;|fi mls fdlh us ns[kk ugha Fkk rFkkfi lc yksx vius vius vuqlkj
mldh ckr djrs FksA
ml tjn~xo dk irk yxkus ds fy;s Ýk¡l ns'k dh feuh uked ,d yMdh vk;hA
og fdlh rjg ml ou esa igq¡ph tgk¡ tjn~xo jgrk FkkA bl feuh dh dFkk Hkh
fofp= vkSj vk'p;Ztud gh gSA og yqbl vkSj 'khck dh iq=h FkhA yqbl Ýk¡l dk
fuoklh Fkk rFkk 'khck FkkbZyS.M dh jgus okyh FkhA nksuks dh eqykdkr ,d tgkt
es~a gq;h vkSj nksuks esa çse gks x;kA yqbl dqN fnuksa rd 'khck ds ?kj FkkbZyS.M esa
jgk fQj nksuks Ýk¡l pys x;sA ogk¡ dqN fnu jgus ds ckn nksuks dk fookg foPNsn
gks x;kA feuh viuh ek¡ ds ikl jgrh Fkh fdUrq ek¡ dh e`R;q ds ckn og vius
firk yqbl ds ikl vkx;hA yqbl Hkh cgqr fnuksa rd ugha th ldkA feuh tjn~xo
ds vUos"k.k ds fy;s ou ou HkVd jgh FkhA mlds çk.kksa esa vusd ckj ladV vk;s]
og vius thou dh vk'kk Hkh [kks cSBrh Fkh fdUrq fgEer ugha gkjhA mldh
eqykdkr tjn~xo ls gksrh gS nksuks ds eè; dkQh okn – fookn Hkh gksrk gS fdUrq
ifjfLFkfr o'k feuh dks mlds lkFk jguk iMrk gSA og feuh dk uke e`Mkfyuh
j[k nsrk gSA e`Mkfyuh tjn~xo dks cnyus dk cgqr ç;kl djrh jgh fdUrq mls
cny ugh ik;hA e`Mkfyuh lektlsok ds dk;Z esa yx x;hA og fnu Hkj fofp=
ns'k ds fodkl esa yxh jgrhA tjn~xo ds fy;s mlds ikl le; gh ugha gksrkA
vUrr% tjn~xo mls NksMdj dgha pyk x;kA feuh tjn~xo dks [kkstuk pkgrh Fkh
fdUrq mls le; ugha feykA ,d fnu uxj ds pkSjkgs esa mlus fdlh dks myVs eq¡g
iMs gq;s ns[kkA ikl tkdj ns[kus ij mls irk pyk fd og tjn~xo gSA tjn~xo us
mls crk;k fd iqfyl us mls dkjkxkj esa Mky fn;k FkkA dqN fnuksa ckn ogk¡
mldk LokLF; [kjkc gksus yxkA ;g ns[kdj iqfyl us mls dkjkxkj ls ckgj dj
fn;kA tjn~xo dh nqnZ'kk ns[kdj feuh mls ysdj fpfdRlky; pyh x;hA
;g mik[;ku vR;Ur foLr`r gSA vki bl bdkbZ esa bl mik[;ku ds lEikfnr
va'kksa dk vè;;u djsaxAs

ukjk;.ka ueL—R; ujL;So âfn fLFkre~A

mik[;kua ;Fkkcqf) fofp=a fofy[k;kE;ge~ ॥
vFk çFkea dFkfena fofp=ksik[;kua èkjk;keorh.kZferhnEçFker;k o.;ZrAs ,dnk
f'kf'kjlUè;k;ka çHkofr fges çogR;fLFkPNsnds okrs uSfe"kkj.;L; l³~dh.kZs çk³~x.ks
'kkSudkn;ks·"Vk'khfrlglza equ;% ;FkkdFkf¥~pUekrk% egkers% lwrL; lEeq[keklhuk%
'kSR;su çdfEirk% ns'kL; nqnZ'k;k nwuân;k _f"klekteè;s çTToyrk ofàdq.Msu
dFkefi 'kSR;ckèkka fofuokj;Ur% dkypØifjorZua dy;kEcHkwoq%A 'khrckèk;k nUroh.kka
fuukn;Ura lwra 'kkSud vkg – eg"kZs ! fo"keks·;a dky%A loZrks foMEcuk fot`EHkrsA
vkj{k.ks lR;fi vjf{krso] {kj.ka xrso f{kfr% çfrHkkfrA Hkxorks cq)L; fogkjLFkyh
nL;wuka fogkjLFkyh tkrkA lhekUrs "kM;U=fo'kkjnSjkLdU|rs 'kkjnkns'k%A exèks"kq
çHkofUr xnZHkk%A dsljh 'k`xkyk;rsA vtZquks·igrxk.Mhoks foeuLdk;rsA
u`flagks·ujks·flagks tkr%A bUæks fofPNUusUæ'kklu% letfuA mfPN|Urs o`{kk oukukEA]
O;kgU;Urs i'ko%A fogk; LoxZa u`Ùkxhrokfn=a p èkjkorh.kkZ esudk rs"kka j{kk;S ;rrsA 199
 mf}Xuk'p lfUr lea loZs·ihes equ;% 'khR;k HkhR;k p bZR;k p çihfMrk%A vr%
dF;rka fdefi fofp=eqik[;kuEk~] ;su fouksnks·L;kolknL; tk;rsA
'kCnkFkZ& bnEçFker;k ¾ igyh ckj] f'kf'kjlUè;k;ke~ ¾ B.Mh ds le; dh 'kke
dks] vfLFkPNsnds ¾ gìh dks Nsnus okyh] v"Vk'khfrlglze~ ¾ vLlh gtkj ]
nwuân;k% ¾ nq[kh ân; okys ] dkypØifjorZue~ ¾ le;pØ ds cnyko dks]
vigrxk.Mho% ¾ xk.Mho uked vius èkuq"k dks gVkdj ] dsljh ¾ flag ]
u`Ùkxhrokfn=e~ ¾ ukp ] xkuk vkSj cktkA
vuqokn & eS euq"; ds ân; esa fLFkr ukjk;.k dks ueLdkj djds ;Fkkefr fofp=
mik[;ku fy[k jgk gw¡A
igys eSa ;g o.kZu djrk gw¡ fd ;g fofp= mik[;ku lcls igys i`Foh ij dSls
mrjkA og f'kf'kj _rq dh lUè;k Fkh ] rq"kkj iM jgk Fkk] gfì;ksa dks Nsn Mkyus
okyh B.Mh gok cg jgh Fkh] ,sls esa uSfe"kkj.; ds l¡djs çk³~x.k esa 'kkSud vkfn
vLlh gtkj _f"k fdlh rjg nc dj lwr th ds lEeq[k cSBsA os B.M ls dk¡i jgs
Fks] ns'k dh nqnZ'kk ls mudk ân; O;fFkr FkkA _f"k;ksa ds lekt ds eè; ty jgs
vfXudq.M ls os fdlh rjg viuh B.M nwj dj jgs Fks rFkk dkypØ ds ifjorZu
ij foe'kZ dj jgs FksA 'kkSud us B.M ls nk¡rks dh oh.kk ctk jgs lwr ls dgk & gs
eg"kZs ! ;g cgqr gh fo"ke dky vk x;k gSA loZ= foMEcuk gh eq¡g Q+Syk;s [kMh gSA
;g i`Foh lqj{kk ds mik; gksus ij Hkh vlqjf{kr lh] {kfjr gks jgh lh çrhr gks jgh
gSA Hkxoku~ cq) dh fogkjHkwfe yqVsjksa dh fogkjHkwfe cu x;h gSA lhek ij "kM;U=
djus esa fuiq.k yksxksa ds }kjk 'kkjnk ns'k ¼d'ehj½ dqpyk tk jgk gSA exèk esa xèks
?kwe jgs gSaA flag fl;kj cu x;s gSaA xk.Mho NksM dj vtZqu vueuk gks jgk gSA
u`flag u rks uj jg x;k u gh flagA bUæ dk bUæklu fNu x;k gSA ouksa ds o`{k
m[kkMs tk jgsa gSaA i'kq ekjs tk jgs gSa LoxZ ls u`Ùk] xku vkSj ok| NksM dj i`Foh
ij mrjh gqbZ esudk mudh j{kk dk ;Ru dj jgh gSA 'khr ] Hkhfr vkSj bZfr ls
ihfMr ;s lHkh eqfu mf}Xu gSaA blfy;s vki dksbZ fofp= mik[;ku dfg;s ftlls
bl volkn dk fouksn~ gksA
O;kdj.k & f'kf'kjlUè;k;kE] f'kf'kjL; lUè;k ] rL;ke~ ] rRiq#"k leklA egkefr%]
egrh efr% ;L; l egkefrLrL; egkers%] cgqczhfgleklA _f"klekteè;s] _"kh.kka
lekt% ] _f"klektLrUeè;s ] rRiq#"k leklA 'k`xkyk;rs ¾ 'k`xky bo vkpjfrA
vigrxk.Mho% ] vigr% ifjR;ä% xk.Mho% ;su l%] cgqczhfg leklA
fofPNUusUæ'kklu% ] fofPNUu% bUæ'kklua ;L; l% ] cgqczhfg leklA

lwr mokp & equ;% ! lknks u dk;Z%A u p [ksnks euLlq èkk;Z%A Jw;rka fofp=eso
fdeI;qik[;kua dFk;kfeA vfLr ifjrks gfLrukiqja fgeof}Uè;;kseZè;s fofp= ,o
d'pu ns'k%A dks·lkS ns'k% ] fda ok·L; Lo:iferhnEçFker;k oäqa u ik;ZrsA eè;s p
rL; ns'kL; orZrs fufoMa ouEk~A ous p cHkwo xguk dkfi xqgkA xqgk;ka
U;olTtjn~xoks uke d'pu HkYywd%A gfLrukiqjokfluLra HkYywdefèk—R; çk;'kks u
fdefi fonq%A rFkkfi rkLrk% dFkkLrs rekfJR; dFk;kEcHkwoq%A d.kkZdf.kZd;k
fdaonUR;ks HkYywda rekfJR;kL;UnUrA dnklkS HkYywdLr= xqgk;kekxr% ] dqr
vkxr%] dFka r= olfredYi;fnfr u dks·I;tkukRk~A vrhrk% i¥~plglzeCnk% ous
200
rfLeu~ olrLrL;sfr dsfpnkgq%A vU;s lukruerkoyfEcu% i¥~plglzo"kZeL;k;qfjfr
u fo"ksfgjsA l`"VsjL;k% çkxsok·lkS xqgk;keukfnfuèkuks fuolrhfr rs çR;ikn;Uk~A
v= ukfLrdèkq;kZsikè;k;k% içPNq% & Þ ;nk l`f"Vjso uklhr~ rfgZ xqgk dFke;krsfrßA
vijs & vjs i¥~po"kZdYiks cky ,ok·lkfofr çkspq%A dnkfpr~ d'pu~ lkgfld% &
uuq –"Vks e;k u|k vijs rhjs fopju~ tjn~xo bfr lkVksie?kks"k;Rk~A bfr ;kofUr
eq[kkfu rkoR;ks okrkZLra tjn~xoefèk—R; çpsyq%A dsfpÙkq & vjs vfrrrjka
NfoYyks·lkS HkYywdks fnukolkus lek;kfr çPNUua n'kZ;fr p dkedeuh;a Loa
oiqyZyukH;f'pj.VhH;%A u dL;k vfi 'khya lqjf{kra orZrs lEçrhfr lekeufUr LeA
;nk dkpu eqXèkk uo;qorh x`gkr~ iykf;rk] ukKk;r Do xrk] rnk uwua tjn~xosu
rsu lk uhrsfr tuk esfujsA i'pku~ eksge¸;k[;k;ka ux;kZa yCèkk;ka rL;ka & vjs
eèkqdjo`fÙkjlkS pw"kf;Rok rL;k yko.;jla rka r= U;f{kir~ eksge¸;kfefr rs U;xnq%A
'kCnkFkZ & lkn% ¾ nq[k] fgeof}Uè;;kseZè;s ¾ fgeky; vkSj foUè;kpy ds eè;]
fufoMe~ ¾ ?kuk ] xqgk ¾ xqQk ] d.kkZdf.kZd;k ¾ dkuks dku] vukfnfuèku% ¾
vkfn vkSj vUr jfgr ] ukfLrdèkq;Z% ¾ ukfLrd f'kjksef.k ] NfoYy% ¾ Nohyk]
yko.;jl% ¾ lkSUn;Zjl ] eksge;h ¾ eqEcbZ ] eèkqdjo`fÙk% ¾Hkzej o`fÙkA
vuqokn & lwr th us dgk & gs eqfutu ! nq[k er dfj;sA eu esa dksbZ [ksn er
vkus nhft;sA lqfu;s] eSa dksbZ fofp= mik[;ku dgus tk jgk gw¡A gfLrukiqj ds pkjks
vksj fgeky; vkSj foUè; ioZr ds eè; dksbZ fofp= gh ns'k gSA ;g dkSu lk ns'k gS
vkSj bldk D;k Lo:i gS] ;g lc bnEçFker;k ugha dgk tk ldrkA ml ns'k ds
eè; ,d l?ku ou gS rFkk ou esa dksbZ xEHkhj xqQk gSA ml xqQk esa dksbZ tjn~xo
uke dk Hkkyw jgrk FkkA gfLrukiqj ds yksx ml Hkkyw ds fo"k; esa çk;% dqN ugha
tkurs Fks fQj Hkh os mlds fo"k; esa vusd çdkj dh dFkk;sa dgrs FksA d.kZijEijk
ls ml Hkkyw ds fo"k; esa vusd fdaonfUr;k¡ QSy x;haA ;g Hkkyw dc ml xqQk esa
vk;k] dgk¡ ls vk;k] dSls ogk¡ jgus yxk] ;g lc dksbZ ugha tkurk FkkA dqN yksx
dgrs Fks – bls ;gk¡ jgrs ik¡p gtkj lky chr x;sA lukru èkekZoyEch ;g ekurs
Fks fd ml Hkkyw dh mez ik¡p gtkj lky ls de ugha gSA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd
vkfn vkSj vUr jfgr og l`f"V ds igys ls gh ml xqQk esa jg jgk gSA dfri;
ukfLrd f'kjksef.k muls ;g iwNrs Fks – tc l`f"V gh ugha Fkh rc og xqQk dgk¡ ls
vk;hA nwljs ;g dgrs Fks & vjs ;g rks ik¡p o"kZ dk ckyd gh gSA dHkh fdlh
lkglh us ;g rd dg Mkyk fd eSus unh ds nwljs ikj fopj.k dj jgs tjn~xo
dks ns[kk gSA bl çdkj ftrus eq[k mruh ckrsa ml tjn~xo dks ysdj QSy x;haA
dqN yksxksa us dgk – og Hkkyw cgqr Nohyk gS] og lw;Z vLr gks tkus ds ckn fNi
dj vkrk gS vkSj dkenso ds leku lqUnj viuk 'kjhj ;qofr;ksa rFkk fd'kksfj;ksa dks
fn[kkrk gSA bl le; fdlh dk Hkh 'khy lqjf{kr ugha gSA tc Hkh dksbZ eqXèkk ;qorh
?kj ls Hkxh] ;g irk ugha pyk fd og dgk¡ x;hA ml le; yksx ;gh ekuus yxs
fd mls tjn~xo mBk ys x;kA ckn esa tc og eksge;h eqEcbZ uxjh esa feyh rks
yksxks us dgk & vjs] Hkzejo`fÙk ;g tjn~xo mlds lkSUn;Zjl dks pw"k dj mls
eqEcbZ esa Qsd fn;kA
O;kdj.k & fgeof}Uè;;kseZè;s ¾ fgeoku~ p foUè;'psfr fgeof}Uè;kS] r;ks% eè;s ]
}U}xHkZ rRiq#"kA gfLrukiqjokflu%] gfLrukiqjL; okflu%] rRiq#"k leklA
ukfLrdèkq;Z%] ukfLrds"kq èkq;Z% vxzx.;%] rRiq#"k leklA dkedeuh;% dke bo
201
 deuh;% lqUnj%] deZèkkj; ]
fnukolkus] fnuL; volkus] rRiq#"kleklA
tjn~xo dh [kkst ds fy;s feuh dk vkxeu &
vfLeUuso le;s feuhukEuh Ýkalns'kh;k dkpu dU;k gfLrukiqjeorrkjA lk p
O;qRiUuk cgqfoèkHkkjrh;Hkk"kklq] vckák bfrgkliqjk.kkfn"kq] vfèkxr'kkL=k pklhRk~A
tjn~xokUos"k.keso rL;k gfLrukiqjkxeuç;kstueklhRk~A dkfyU|k vijs rhjs orZrs
eg}uEk~] r= fofp=ks ns'k%] r=So pkfLr tjn~xoL; olfrfjfr foKk; lk
dkfyUnhrhjektxkeA u dks·fi ukfodLrkeijrhja usrqeHkon~ c)ifjdj%A nsfo !
v'kj.kerhol³~dVdj.ka Hk;forj.ka orZrs r}uEk&A ;s r= xrkLrs r=So y;a xrk%]
vr% dFkesdkfduha r= u;keks·=Hkorhe~ ] fo|rs r= d'pukfrHk;³~djks HkYywd bfr
ukfodk vofn"kq%A dFkf¥~pr~ rs"oU;reks n'kxqf.krsu HkkVdsu rkeijrhja
çkif;rqeq|qäks·HkoRk~A
'kCnkFkZ & Ýkalns'kh;k ¾ Ýk¡l ns'k esa jgus okyh] vorrkj ¾ mrjh]
cgqfoèkHkkjrh;Hkk"kk"kq ¾ vusd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa ]vfèkxr'kkL=k ¾ 'kkL=ksa esa fuiq.k]
dkfyU|k% ¾ ;equk ds ] dkfyUnhrhje~ ¾ ;equk ds fdukjs ] c)ifjdj% ¾ rS;kj ]
v'kj.ke~ ¾ 'kj.k jfgr] y;e~ ¾ fouk'k ] rs"oU;re% ¾ muesa ls dksbZ ,d]
n'kxqf.krsu ¾ n'kxquk vfèkd- vijrhje~ ¾ nwljs ikjA
vuqokn & blh le; feuh uked dksbZ Ýkal ns'k dh dU;k gfLrukiqj igq¡phA og
vusd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dks tkurh FkhA bfrgkl ] iqjk.k vkfn esa Hkh fuiq.k Fkh
'kkL=ksa esa çoh.k FkhA tjn~xo dk vUos"k.k gh mlds gfLrukiqj vkus dk ç;kstu
FkkA ;equk ds nwljs ikj tks egku~ ou gS] ogha fofp= ns'k gS vkSj ogha tjn~xo dk
fuokl LFkku gS] ;g tkudj og ;equk ds rV ij vk;hA dksbZ Hkh ukfod mls
nwljs ikj ys tkus dks rS;kj ugha FkkA nsfo! ;g ou 'kj.kjfgr gS] blesa cMs cMs
ladV gSa rFkk Hk;kfUor djus okyk gSA tks ogk¡ x;s os ogha u"V gks x;sA blfy;s
vkidks vdsyh ge ogk¡ dSls ys tk;saA ogk¡ dksbZ Hk;adj Hkkyw jgrk gS] ,slk ukfodksa
us mlls dgkA fdlh rjg mUgha esa ls ,d ukfod n'kxquk vfèkd HkkMk ysdj mls
ikj mrkjus dks rS;kj gqvkA
O;kdj.k &^ vfèkxr'kkL=k ] vfèkxra 'kkL=a ;;k lk ] cgqczhfg] c)ifjdj% ] c)%
ifjdj% ;su l%] cgqczhfg] tjn~xokUos"k.kEk~ tjn~xoL; vUos"k.kEk~] rRiq#"k]
dkfyUnhrhjEk~- dkfyU|k% rhjEk~- rRiq#"kA

fofp=Soklhfn;a feuhukZe dU;kA oLrqrLrq rL;k fofp=ekpj.kesok·=

fofp=ksik[;kufeR;L;k% laKk;k gsrq%A ijko`Ùks ukoeknk; ukfods Lofdj.ktkya
l³~dksp;fr lw;Zèkhojs xrofr p if'pekEcqfèkeoxkguk; lk dU;k rLekr~ ijk³~eq[kh
çkpyRk~A 'kuS% 'kuS% l?kurkfe;k; ouEk~A mfRFkrk% f'kokukef'kokLrhozk jok
d.kZdqgjku~ fnXoy;ka'p fonkj;Ur%A eè;s eè;s p f>Yyhuka >³~—frjJw;rA
DofpPp lglk vkf{kfrta çllkj lqnwjknfi ouçkUrkr~ çl`ra dslfj.k% dL;fpn~
xtZuEk~A 'kcfyrk;ka rel% dqT>fVdk;ka ihrdfi'k% d'pu }hih —".kes?kiVys
lkSnkfeuhfud"kjs[kkfeo jp;u~ æqra nqækoA lk dU;k foxyfr if'pelUè;kjkxs]
202
djnhfidkçdk'ks ekxZeUos"k;Urh dFkf¥~pnxzs llkjA
'kCnkFkZ & ijko`Ùks ¾ ykSV tkus ij] Lofdj.ktkye~ ¾ vius fdj.klewg dks]
if'pekEcqfèke~ ¾ if'pe fn'kk:ih leqæ ] f'kokuke~ ¾ fl;kjksa ds ] vf'kok% ¾
v'kqHk ] fnXoy;ku~ ¾ fn'kkvksa ds oy; dks ] ouçkUrkr~ ¾ ouçkUr ls] 'kcfyrk;ke~
¾ fprdcjk] dqT>fVdk;ke~ ¾ dqgklk] }hih ¾ rsanqvk] lkSnkfeuhfud"kjs[kk ¾
fctyh ds dlkSVh dh js[kk] djnhfidkçdk'ks ¾ VkpZ ds çdk'k esAa
vuqokn & feuh uked ;g dU;k fofp= gh FkhA okLro esa mldk fofp= vkpj.k
ds dkj.k gh bl mik[;ku dk fofp= mik[;ku uke j[kk x;k gSA ukfod ds uko
ysdj ykSV tkus ds ckn] lw;Zèkhoj ds vius fdj.klewg dks lesV dj if'pe leqæ
esa voxkgu ds fy;s pys tkus ij og dU;k ihNs eq[k djds py iMhA èkhjs èkhjs
ou l?ku gksus yxkA d.kZdqgjksa rFkk fnXoy;ksa dks fonkfjr djrh gqbZ fl;kjksa dh
v'kqHk vkSj rhoz èofu;k¡ mBus yxhaA chp chp esa f>fYy;ksa dh >afdfr Hkh lquk;h ns
jgh FkhA lglk dgha lqnwj ouçkUr ls QSyrh gqbZ fdlh flag dh xtZuk vkdk'k
rd QSy x;hA vk¡èksjs ds fprdcjs dqgkls esa ihyk vkSj dfi'k dksbZ rsanqvk dkys
cknyksa ds chp fctyh:ih dlkSVh dh js[kk lk jprk gqvk 'kh?kzrk ls HkkxkA if'pe
fn'kk dh lUè;kdkyhu ykfyek foxfyr gks jgh Fkh vkSj og dU;k feuh VkpZ ds
çdk'k ds lgkjs ekxZ [kkstrh gq;h vkxs c< jgh FkhA
O;kdj.k & Lofdj.ktkye~ ] fdj.kkuka tkya] fdj.ktkye~ ] LoL; fdj.ktkyE]
rRiq#"k] fnXoy;% ]fn'kka oy;LrkUk~] rRiq#"k] —".kes?kiVye~ ] —".kes?kkuka iVyEk~]
rRiq#"kA

vfLr fuf[kyHkqoue.Mye.Muk;ekuk pkdpD;su peRdqoZrh txr~

ldydykfuèkkuHkwrk lglzkCno`)k·fi uooèkwfjo lnk euksgjUrh
lkSUn;Zlkjleqnk;e;S% inkFkZSfjo fofufeZrk Ýkalns'ks"kq isfjlk[;k uxjhA r=
tktZyqblukek d'pu lTtu moklA ckY;knsok·lkS lkfgR;s lqdqekjoLrqfu ddZ'ks
p rdZs lea jseAs vè;;uO;kfèkuk xzLr% fpUruO;luçlä% euueso lsoka eUokuks·lkS
nqf'pfdRL; bfr ifjR;äks fe=S%A firjkS pkL; dS'kks;Z ,o fno³~xrkSA l
dnkfpfUuekZ.kh"kq Hk`fra dqokZ.k% vYikgkjx`gs"kq ik=kf.k ektZ;u~ ok Lokè;k;Øea
uk·tgRk~ÀA 1930 res f[kzLrkCns·lkS isfjlfoÜofo|ky;L; Lukrd% l¥~tkr%A
'kCnkFkZ & fuf[kyHkqoue.Mye.Muk;ekuk ¾ leLr Hkwe.My ds vyadkj lh ]
ldydykfuèkkuHkwrk ¾ leLr dykvksa dh [kku] llzkCno`)k ¾ gtkj o"kZ iqjkuh ]
lkSUn;Zlkjleqnk;e;S% ¾ lqUnjrk ds lkj ds lewgksa ls ;qä] vè;;uO;kfèkuk ¾
vè;;ujksx ls] fpUruO;luçlä% ¾ fpUru :ih O;lu esa layXu] fuekZ.kh ¾
QSDVªhA
vuqokn & Ýkal ns'k esa isfjl uke dh uxjh gSA ;g uxjh leLr Hkwe.My dh
vyadkj lh lq'kksfHkr gksrh gS] lEiw.kZ lalkj dks vius pkdpD; ls peR—r lk
djrh gS ] leLr dykvksa dh [kku gS ] ,d gtkj lky iqjkuh gksdj Hkh uooèkw ds
leku euksgkfj.kh gS] og lkSUn;Z ds lkjksa ds leqnk;ksa ls ;qä inkFkksZa ls cuh yxrh
gSA ml uxjh esa tktZ yqbl uke dk dksbZ lTtu jgrk FkkA ckY;dkY; ls gh
bldk eu lqdqekj oLrqe; lkfgR; rFkk ddZ'k 'kkL=ksa es leku :i ls jerk FkkA 203
 mls vè;;u djus dk jksx Fkk] vgfuZ'k og fpUru esa yxk jgrk Fkk ] og euu dks
gh lsok ekurk Fkk] blfy;s fe=ksa us mls ykbykt eku dj mldk lkFk NksM
fn;kA ;g tc fd'kksj Fkk] rHkh blds ekrk firk fnoaxr gks x;sA og dHkh
QSfDVª;ksa esa dke djrk rks dHkh vYikgkjx`gksa esa crZu èkksrk fdUrq vius vè;;uØe
dks ugh NksMkA 1930 bZLoh; esa yqbl us isfjl foÜofo|ky; ls Lukrd dh mikfèk
çkIr dhA
O;kdj.k & fuf[kyHkqoue.Mye.Muk;ekuk ¾ fuf[kyHkqoue.Mys e.Muk;ekuk ]
rRiq#"k ] ldydykfuèkkuHkwrk ¾ ldydykuka fuèkkuHkwrk] rRiq#"kA
vklhr~ rnkuha isfjluxjs lk=Zukek d'pu eqfu%A KkuçkIR;FkZa yqbl% d¥~pu dkya
rL; ldk'keI;orZrA vfLrRoa çFkeekxre~ ] psruk p i'pkr~ çk:<sR;klhr~ rL;
equseZfr:A —rs·fi 'kkL=kFkZs u lk=ZequsfoZpkji)fryZqblL; psrL; f'y";fnR;lkS
ifjR;T; rRl³~xfra iwokZfHkeq[k% çkpyRk~A foÙkkHkkokn~ fogk; ok;q;kuekxZa
tyekxZs.kk·lkS xUrqa ço`Ùk%A prqfoZa'kfro"kÊ;ks yqblks ;kSousu nsgjs[kklq
foU;LrylPNk;% enusu rwfyd;ksUehfyrfp=k—fr% vfrje.kh;ks·Hkwr~A ty;kus
;qoR;Lræwia lr`".kfeo ficUR;Lreoyksd;keklq%A ty;kua 'kuS% 'kuS% vxzs llkjA
'kCnkFkZ & isfjluxjs ¾ isfjl uxj esa ] lk=Zukek ¾ lk=Z uked ] ldk'ke~ ¾ ikl
esa] vfLrRoe~ ¾ lÙkk ] psrfl ¾ cqf) esa ] iwokZfHkeq[k% ¾ iwoZ fn'kk dh vksj ]
foÙkkHkkokn~ ¾ èku ds vHkko esa ] foU;LrylPNk;% ¾ dkfUr ls ifjiw.kZ] lr`".kfeo
¾ I;kls dh rjg] llkj ¾ pykA
vuqokn & ml le; isfjl uxj esa lk=Z uked dksbZ eqfu fuokl djrs FksA
KkuçkfIr ds fy;s yqbl dqN le; rd muds ikl Hkh jgkA Þ igys lÙkk vk;h]
ckn esa psruk ç:< gqbZß ;g ml eqfu dk ekuuk FkkA 'kkL=kFkZ djus ds ckn Hkh
lk=Z eqfu dh fopkj i)fr yqbl ds eu esa ugha cSBh] blfy;s mlus yqbl us
mudh laxfr NksMdj iwoZ dh vksj vfHkeq[k gksdj py iMkA èku dk vHkko gksus ds
dkj.k og ok;q;ku dk ekxZ NksM dj tyekxZ pyus dks ço`Ùk gqvkA pkSchl o"kÊ;
yqbl dh nsgjs[kkvksa esa ;kSou ds dkj.k lqUnjrk foU;Lr FkhA og dkenso ds }kjk
dw¡ph ls mHkkjh x;h fp=k—fr ds leku vR;fèkd lqUnj yx jgk FkkA ty;ku esa
;qofr;k¡ mlds :i dks I;klh dh rjg ihrh gq;h mls ns[k jgh FkhaA og ty;ku
èkhjs èkhjs vkxs c< jg FkkA
O;kdj.k & 'kkL=kFkZ% ] 'kkL=L; vFkZ% 'kkL=kFkZ% ] rRiq#"k] rRl³~xfr% ] rL;
l³~xfr% ] rRiq#"k] foÙkkHkkokn~] foÙkL; vHkko%] rLekRk~] rRiq#"kA
yqblks ty;kuL; i`"BkfyUns MsdlaKds leqifo"V% lk;Urudkys·Lreqi;kUra HkkLdja
fuoZ.kZ;fr LeA lkxjtys fuifrrk HkkLdjdjk ygjh"kq jäPNfoforra fofp=a
fp=ejp;u~A lglSo leqfRFkrk okR;kA mifj dspu dk"BQydk fofugrk vklu~A
yqblLrFkk è;kuLFkks ;UuklkS okR;kosxa foosnA vjs – vjs dk"BQyda irfr bfr
leqfRFkr% Loj%A lea p dkpu yyuk gLrek—"; ra LFkkukr~ rLekn~ ;konilkj;fr]
rkor~ iikr r=So dk"BQyde~A ;fn {k.kka'kek=s.k lk yyuk O;yEcf;";r]
yqblL; çk.kk% çk;kL;u~A Þvrhok·uqx`ghrks·fLeA HkoR;k ee j{kk fofgrk Þ bfr l
dFkefi mÙkh;kZdfLedk?kkra futxknA

204 'kCnkFkZ & lk;Urudkys ¾ lk;adky] HkkLdjdjk% ¾ lw;Z dh fdj.ksa] jäPNfoforre~

¾ ykfyek esa Qyh gq;h] okR;k ¾ vk¡èkh] yyuk ¾ L=h] {k.kka'kek=s.k ¾ {k.k Hkj esaA
vuqokn & yqbl ty;ku ds ihNs Msd esa cSBk gqvk lk;adky vLrkpy dks tk jgs
lw;Z dks ns[k jgk FkkA leqæ ds ty esa iM jgha lw;Z dh fdj.ksa ygjksa esa ykfyek esa
QSys fofp= fp= dk fuekZ.k dj jgha FkhaA lglk vk¡èkh vkx;hA Åij dqN
dk"BQyd j[ks FksA yqbl bruk è;kueXu Fkk fd og vk¡èkh ds osx dks ugha tku
ik;kA vjs – vjs dk"BQyd fxj jgk gS] ,slk Loj mBkA bl Loj ds lkFk gh
fdlh lqUnj L=h us yqbl dk gkFk [khp dj mls tSls gh ml txg ls gVk;k oSls
gh ogha dk"BQyd fxj x;kA ;fn og yyuk {k.k Hkj Hkh foyEc djrh rks yqbl
ds çk.k pys tkrsA yqbl vkdfLed vk?kkr ls fdlh rjg mcjrk gqvk cksyk & Þ
eS vkidk cgqr vkHkjh gw¡A vkius esjh j{kk dh gSßA
O;kdj.k & lkxjtys] lkxjL; tys] rRiq#"k] HkkLdjdjk%] HkkLdjL; djk%]
rRiq#"kA
lk vklhr~ 'khckA lqekr`}hiokfluhA lEçfr lqekr`}hia FkkbZns'kkUroZfrZ orZrAs 'khck
M;uçlkjuxjs ,dfLeu~ fo|ky;s u`R;a f'k{k;frA lk¡L—frdfofue;dk;ZØes lk
Ýk¡lns'ka u`R;çn'kZuk; xrorhA 'khc;k okrkZa dqoZu~ yqbl% dkyL; xfra folLekjA
rL;k% isfjl;k=k;k% laLej.ks"olkS Lodh;keso tUeHkqoa uokyksds nn'kZA rL;k%
FkkbZns'kfo"kf;.kh okrkZ% Jkoa LoIuyksds foppkjA vfèkikjkokjeikjeu;ks% çse
o`f)exPNRk~A mifj uHk% vèk'p lkxjeoyksd;UrkoqHkkS uHk bo lkxj bokuUR;a
çselq[kL;k·UoHkorkEk~A
'kCnkFkZ & lqekr`}hiokfluh ¾ lqek=k }hi dh jgus okyhA u`R;çn'kZuk; ¾ u`R;
çn'kZu ds fy;s ] tUeHkqoe~ ¾ tUeHkwfe dks] vfèkikjkokje~ ¾ leqæ ds eè; ] vikj
¾ vuUr] uHk% ¾ vkdk'kA
vuqokn & yqbl dks cpkus okyh ml lqUnjh dk uke 'khck FkkA og lqek=k }hi
dh fuokfluh FkhA bl le; lqek=k }hi FkkbZns'k ds vUrxZr gSA 'khck Msuilkj
uxj fdlh fo|ky; esa u`R; fl[kkrh FkhA lk¡L—frd fofue; dk;ZØe esa og u`R;
çn'kZu djus ds fy;s Ýk¡l x;h FkhA 'khck ls okrkZyki djrk gqvk yqbl dky dh
xfr dks Hkwy x;kA 'khck dh isfjl;k=k ds laLej.kksa esa og viuh gh tUeHkwfe dks
u;s vkyksd esa ns[kus yxkA mldh FkkbZns'k fo"k;d ckrksa dks lqudj yqbl
LoIuyksd esa fopj.k djus yxkA leqæ ds eè; bu nksuks dk vikj çse o`f) dks
çkIr gqvkA Åij vkdk'k rFkk uhps lkxj dks ns[krs gq;s nksuks vkdk'k rFkk leqæ
ds leku çselq[k ds vkuUR; dk vuqHko fd;kA
O;kdj.k & lqekr`}hiokfluh] lqekr`}hiL; okfluh] rRiq#"k] vfèkikjkokje~ ] ikjkokjs
bfr vfèkikjkokjEk~] vO;;hHkko] voyksd;UrkoqHkkS ¾ voyksd;UrkS $ mHkkS v;kfn
lfUèkA
vrhrs"kq dfr"kqfpu~ ekls"kq dU;kesdka çklwr 'khckA dU;ktUeuk vkuUnL; dkefi
dk"BkefoUnYyqbl%] ija 'khck u g"kZL; ys'keI;UoHkwRA dU;ka çfr –<a fLuXèka oh{;
yqbla lk·fèkdrjeH;lw;r~A dU;k tUeuk vkRekua fuxfMrkfeo lk esusA 'khck
dfLeaf'pUurZukxkjs urZD;k% deZ LohpdkjA lk jk=kS r=k·u`R;r~] jk=kS p x`gs
vlqI;r~A ,oa p O;rhrkLr;kscZgoks fnolk%A xrs·èkZjk=s 'khck efnjk?kwf.kZru;uk
urZusu DykUrk x`gek;kfrA yqblks feU;k lg rnk çlqIrks HkofrA çkr#fRFkrks·lkS 205
 ;nk LoHkk;kZa foyksd;fr] rnk fu%ÜoklSeZfnjkxUèka fofdjUrh 'khck loZFkk {khck
çfrHkkfrA dyga dqokZ.k;ksLr;ksjuqfnua lq[ka U;wukf;rEA nkEiR;a nq%LoIukf;rEA thoua
nq%[kk.kZokf;rE] euks nwukf;rE] nhukf;ra nSufUnua deZA vUrrks yqblks U;k;ky;s
fookgfoPNsnkokosnua nnkSA fookg mfPNUu%A U;;ky;fu.kZ;kuqlkja feuha rq 'khcSo
ysHksA _rs feuha yqbl% loZFkk fo"k..kks fuxh.kZ bo [ksnsu ] nXèk bo euLrkisu
'kofeo 'kjhjeq}gu~ dkyefrokg;keklA dFkf¥~pr~ isfjlfoÜofo|ky;s f'k";o`fÙkelkS
çkiA ikSjLR;fopkji)rhjfèk—R; 'kksèkdk;ZekjCèkoku~A vfLeUuso dkys
oh.kkuxjLFkçkP;fo|k'kksèklaLFkkukr~ çkdk';ekuk;ka if=dk;ka tjn~xofo"k;da
'kksèkys[kelkoiBr~A rsu p tjn~xofo"kf;.kh vuqlafèkRlk ra çSj;r~ HkkjrekxUrqe~ ]
dFkf¥~pPp ;k=k;k O;oLFkka foèkk;k·lkS HkkjrektxkeA
'kCnkFkZ & urZukxkjs ¾ u`R;ky; ]Mkal Dyc] efnjk?kwf.kZru;uk ¾ 'kjkc ds u'ks ls
?kwe jgh vk¡[kksa okyh ] DykUrk ¾ Fkdh gq;h] efnjkxUèke~ ¾ efnjk dk xUèk] {khck
¾ erokyh] U;wukf;re~ ¾ de gks x;k] fo"k..k% ¾ nq[khA
vuqokn & fookg ds ckn dqN eghuksa ds vuUrj 'khck us ,d dU;k ¼feuh ½ dks
tUe fn;kA dU;k ds tUe ls yqbl vR;fèkd vkufUnr gqvk fdUrq 'khck vkuUn dk
ys'k Hkh vuqHkwr ugha dj ldhA og dU;k ds çfr yqbl ds –< Lusg dks ns[k dj
'khck dks yqbl ij vlw;k gksus yxhA dU;k ds tUe ls og vius dks tdMh gq;h
vuqHko dj jgh FkhA 'khck us fdlh Mk¡l Dyc esa urZdh dh ukSdjh dj yhA og
jkr esa ogk¡ u`R; djrh vkSj fnu dks ?kj esa lksrh FkhA vkèkh jkr chrus ds ckn
'khck ?kj vkrhA efnjk iku ls mldh vk¡[ks ?kwe jgh gksrh] og u`R; ds dkj.k Fkd
pqdh gksrh FkhA ml le; yqbl feuh ds lkFk lks jgk gksrk FkkA lcsjs mBdj tc
og viuh iRuh dks ns[krk rc Üoklksa ls efnjk dk xUèk QSyk jgh 'khck erokyh
lh yxrhA'k~ dyg djrs gq;s mu nksuks ds thou esa lq[k fnu çfrfnu de gks jgk
FkkA nkEiR; nq%LoIu gksx;k Fkk] thou nq%[k ds leqæ lk gks x;k FkkA eu lnk
nq%[kh jgus yxk Fkk] mudk nSfud deZ cMh nhurk ls gksrk FkkA vUrr% yqbl us
fookgfoPNsn ds fy;s U;k;ky; esa vkosnu dj fn;kA mudk fookg foPNsn gksx;kA
U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds vuqlkj feuh 'khck dks gh feyhA feuh ds fcuk yqbl loZFkk
nq%[kh jgus yxk] [ksn us mls fuxy fy;k] euLrki us mls tyk Mkyk ]og 'ko ds
leku 'kjhj dks <ksrk gqvk le; fcrkus yxkA fdlh çdkj yqbl dks isfjl
foÜofo|ky; esa f'k";o`fÙk çkIr gqbZ vkSj og ikSjLR; fopkji)fr dks ysdj 'kksèkdk;Z
djus yxkA blh le; oh.kkuxj esa fLFkr çkP;fo|k &'kksèklaLFkku ls çdkf'kr
if=dk esa mlus tjn~xofo"k;d 'kksèki= i<kA tjn~xo ds fo"k; esa vuqlaèkku djus
dh bPNk us mls Hkkjr vkus ds fy;s çsfjr fd;k vkSj fdlh rjg ;k=k dh O;oLFkk
djds ;g Hkkjr vk;kA
O;kdj.k & U;wukf;re~ ¾ vU;wua U;wueHkofnfr U;wukf;re~ - vnq%[kk.kZo% nq%[kk.kZo%
vHkofnfr nq%[kk.kZokf;re~ ] vnq%LoIua nq%LoIueHkofnfr nq%LoIukf;re~A
fdUrq vèkU;r;k LothouL;] nq%[kSdHkkfxRok}k rnh; nSofoèkkuL; HkkjrekxR;klkS u
Lodh;euqlUèkkua iwjf;rqa çkHkor~A vrhrs"kq ds"kqfpfíus"olkS Ýkalns'kkr~ 'khck;k%
lUns'kekiA Þ vga e`R;qeq[ks ifrrkfLeA lRojek;kghfr Þ r= fyf[kreklhr~Ayqbl%
la'k;fodYinksykfèk:<ks·Urrks feU;k% Lekja Lekja xeua fofu.kÊ; Hkkjrkr~
ijko`Ùk%Afeuha Lox`gekfuuk; yqbl%A 'khcka p çfrfnua rnolFka xRok xRok i;Zpjr~A
206
dfri;eklkuUrja 'khck dFkk'ks"krka xrkA
lwr mokp & equ;% ;Fkkefr e;k dFkk çksäkA ls;a 'khckyqbl;ks% dU;k feuhukZe ;k
fofp= ns'ks vVkVîrsA vL;k jäs fefJra orZrs iwoZa p if'pea pA b;ekèkqfudh orZrs
fdUrq ijEijkefi fuè;k;frA bnkuha fda dFk;kehfr lekfn';rke~A
'kCnkFkZ & nq%[kSdHkkfxRokr~ ¾ ,dek= nq%[k dk Hkkxh gksus ds dkj.k ] e`R;qeq[ks ¾
ekSr ds eq[k esa ] Lekja Lekje~ ¾ Lej.k djrk gqvk ] vVkVîrs ¾ HkVdukA
vuqokn & fdUrq vius thou dh vèkU;rk ds dkj.k vFkok mlds HkkX;foèkku ds
,dek= nq%[k Hkkxh gksus ds dkj.k Hkkjr vkdj Hkh og viuk vuqlaèkku iw.kZ ugh
dj ldkA dqN fnu chrus ds ckn bls Ýk¡l ns'k ls 'khck dk lUns'k feykA Þ eSa
e`R;q ds eq[k esa iMh gw¡A rqe 'kh?kz vkvks Þ ,slk mlesa fy[kk FkkA la'k; vkSj fodYi
ds >wys esa p<k yqbl feuh dks ;kn djrk gqvk vUrr% Hkkjr ls ykSV x;kA og
feuh dks vius ?kj ys vk;kA 'khck ds ?kj tk tk dj og jkst mldh lsok djrk
jgk ] dqN eghuksa ckn 'khck dFkk'ks"k gks x;hA
lwr th cksys – gs eqfutu ! eSus ;Fkkefr dFkk dg MkyhA ;g ogh 'khck vkSj
yqbl dh iq=h feuh gS tks tjn~xo dks [kkstus ds fy;s fofp=ns'k esa HkVd jgh gSA
blds jä esa iwoZ vkSj if'pe nksuks feys gSaA ;g vkèkqfud gS fdUrq ijEijk dks Hkh
tkurh gSA vc eS dkSu lh dFkk dgw¡] vki yksx vkns'k djsaA
O;kdj.k & vèkU;r;k & vèkU;L; Hkko% vèkU;rk] r;k ] e`R;qeq[ks ¾ Ek#R;ks% eq[ks
e`R;qeq[ks] rRiq#"k] la'k;fodYinksykfèk:<% ¾ la'k;'p fodYi'p la'k;fodYikS r;ks%
nksyk] rL;kek:<% ] }U}xHkZrRiq#"kA

equ;% Åpq% & Hkks egkers ! rfLeu~ ous ,dkfdU;k% feU;k% fdeHkwfnfr KkrqfePNke%A
lwr mokp & equ;% ! fofp=So orZrs feuhtjn~xo;ks% dFkkA ;Fkk xxua xxukdkja
lkxj'p lkxjksi &eLrFkSoku;ks'pfj=eu;ksfjoSo orZrsA ,rk–'ka xgua fofp=a p
pfj=a u dsukfi dfFkriwoZ] vr% lkoèkku &esrPNªo.kh;e~A
,dnk feuh% f'ka'kikrjks'Nk;k;ka fu"k..kk fdefi fuè;k;fr LeA nwjr'p }hih
xqYekUrfjrLrka fuoZ.kZ;rhfr lk u osnA 'kuS'p lUè;k vko`.kqrs Le oue.Mye~A vFk
eUna xqjkZ;ek.kk lk vk—frLrkeqiliZUrh çrh;k;A feuh'p çk.kku~ i.kh—R;kèkkor~A
e`xhoksnxzIyqrRokr~ fo;fr cgqrja LrksdeqO;kZa ç;kUrh d.Vdkdh.kZxqYesH;% lk
ljkZ;ek.kk llkjA ijURolkS ujHk{kh }hih vfi u ukfoUnr rnh;ka xfrEA vlkS
æqrrjeèkkorA lEçkIr'pje% {k.k%A l ujHk{kh mifj rkeue;nkRekue~A vxzikna
rL;k o{kfl fuèkk; l rka ft?kzfr LeA
vuUrja dFka p fda p tk?kVhfr u r;k KkrEA dsuk·fi lk fo;R;qRFkkfirkA ujHk{kh
rq u rFkk rkeqRFkkif;rqa 'kDuksfrA rfgZ dsu lsRFka leqRFkkI;rs \ vfr'k;osxkr~
iouinohekjksfirk lk ?kw.kZekuk ·ewPNZr~A fu%laKk lk mifj Hkwfea dsukfi dq=kfi
uh;ekRekua uk·UofonrA fd;ku~ dkyLrL;k vixr% 'k;kuk;k bfr lk u foosnA
çR;oLFkkfirpsruk 'kuS#UehyPp{kq%A dk·fi xqgk orZrs – rL;kega 'k¸;k;ka orZ
bR;tkukr~A dL;fpUequs% dqVh;a L;kfnfr esus feuh%A ,dr% dks.ks LFkkfira orZrs
207
 e`xpeZ ] vij= fo|rs lUè;koUnukFkZekpeuh ] vkXus;s dks.ks·orZrk·fXuLFkkue~ ] r=
fofufeZrk pqYyh ] èkwefu%lkj.kk; rnqifj xok{ktkyefi fofgreklhr~A mifj pqYyha
fHkÙk;% èkwesu Li`"Vk —".keq[;ks cHkwoq% ikÜoZs r=So LFkkfireklhr~ eèkqlEHk`ra ekywjik=a
e`fÙkdk'kjkos pk·ezQykfuA
'kCnkFkZ & }hih & rsanqvk ] xqYekUrfjr% ¾ >kfM;ksa esa fNik gqvk ] Lrksde~ ¾ FkksMk]
æqrrje~ ¾ vfr osx ls ] fo;fr ¾ vkdk'k esAa èkwefu%lj.kk; ¾ èkqvk fudyus ds
fy;s ] —".keq[;% ¾ dkys jax dh ] e`fÙkdk'kjkos ¾ feêh ds ldksjs esAa ekywjik=e~
¾ csy dk ik=A
vuqokn & eqfu;ksa us dgk & gs egkers ! ml ou esa vdsyh feuh dk D;k gqvk] ge
;g tkuuk pkgrs gSaA
lwr th cksys & eqfutu ! feuh vkSj tjn~xo dh dFkk vR;Ur fofp= gSA tSls
vkdk'k vkdk'k ds gh vkdkj dk gS lkxj lkxj tSlk gh gS mlhçdkj feuh vkSj
tjn~xo dk pfj= bUgha ds leku gSA ,slk xgu vkSj fofp= pfj= fdlh us igys
ugha dgk ] blfy;s lkoèkkuhiwoZd lquksA ,dckj feuh 'kh'ke ds isM dh Nk;k esa
cSBh gqbZ dqN lksp jgh Fkh rFkk >kfM;ksa dh vkM esa fNik rsUnqvk mls nwj ls ns[k
jgk Fkk] fdUÙkq og ;g ugha tku ik;hA èkhjs èkhjs lUè;k ouE.My dks ?ksj jgh Fkh
èkhjs èkhjs xqjkZrh gqbZ og vk—fr mlds ikl vkrh gqbZ çrhr gqbZA feuh vius çk.kksa
dh ckth yxkdj nkSM iMhA og e`xh dh rjg Åij dwnrh gqbZ vkdk'k esa vfèkd
vkSj i`Foh ij de gh pyrh FkhAog dk¡Vks ls Hkjh gqbZ >kfM;ksa ls rsth ls Hkkx jgh
Fkh ijUrq ;g ujHk{kh rsanqvk Hkh mldh xfr dks ugha le> ik;kA ;g mlds ihNs
vkSj Hkh rst nkSM jgk FkkA pje {k.k çkIr gqvkA og ujHk{kh feuh dks idM dj
mlds Åij >qdkA vius vxys iSj dks mlds o{k%LFky ij j[kdj og feuh dks
lw¡?k jgk FkkA rnuUrj D;k gqvk] og lc feuh Hkh ugha tku ik;hA fdlh us mls
vkdk'k esa mBk fy;kA ujHk{kh rks mls mlçdkj mBk ugha ldrk Fkk rks mls
blçdkj dkSu mBk jgk gS \ vfr'k; osx ls gok esa Vkxh x;h og pdjkrh gq;h
ewfPNZr gks x;hA og csgks'k Fkh] blfy;s mls dkSu dgk¡ fy;s tk jgk gS] ;g og
ugha tku ik;hA og fdrus le; ls ;gk¡ iMh gS] ;g Hkh ugha tku ik;hA gks'k
vkus ij mldh vk¡[ksa [kqyhaA dksbZ xqQk Fkh – mlesa eSa 'kS;k esa iMh gw¡] ;g feuh
tku ik;hA feuh us ;g ekuk fd ;g fdlh eqfu dh dqVh gks ldrh gSA ,d dksus
esa e`xpeZ j[kk Fkk nwljh vksj lUè;koUnu dh vkpeuh j[kh Fkh] vfXudks.k esa
vfXuLFkku Fkk ogha ij ,d pwYgk cuk Fkk] mlds Åij èkwe fudyus ds fy;s ,d
xok{k Hkh cuk FkkA pwYgs ds Åij dh nhokjsa èkq;sa ls dkyh gks x;h FkhaA ogha ikl esa
csy dk ,d ik= j[kk Fkk ftlesa 'kgn Fkh rFkk feêh ds ldksjs esa vke ds Qy j[ks
FksA
O;kdj.k & xqYekUrfjr% & xqYes"kq vUrfjr%] rRiq#"k] d.Vdkdh.kZxqYesH;% ]
d.Vdkdh.kZa p rr~ xqYeEk~] rkfu] rsH;% ] èkwefuLlkj.kk; èkweL; fuLlkj.kk; ]
e`fÙkdk'kjkos ] e`fÙkdk'kjkos e`fÙkdk;k% 'kjkos] eèkqlEHk`rEk~] eèkquk lEHk`re~A
feuhtjn~xo;ks% esyua tjn~xosu rf}okn'p &
eqfu'pk·= olfr d'puA l ;koUuk;kfr rkonsosrks·iljkehfr fuf'pR; lk
'k¸;keeq¥~pr~ ] mfRFkrek=k p xqgk}kfj nn'kZ d¥~pu tfVye~A
208
lwr mokp & equ;% ! dfy;qxL; çFkepj.ks f[kzLrL; foa'k'krds ok lekjCèka
feuhtjn~xo;ks% lkgp;ZEA fuf[kys·fi Hkwe.Mys ,rk–'kL;kle¥~tllkgp;ZL; ppkZ
çl`rkA fofp=So vklhr~ tjn~xoL; çsei)fr%A l rka fofHkUuSukZefHkjkºo;r~ADofpn~
xkSjk³~xha Dofpn~ jäeq[kha] DofpPp ifjgklijk;.kr;k okujha dygfç;ka dkyha
djkyka fu.kZrksnjheke`"VikÜokZa pk·Hkk.khr~ rke~A
& Þfeuhfjfr uke u 'kksHkrs rosnkuhEk~ß & ,dnk tjn~xoLrkekgA
& Þvgks uq [kyq Hkks%A vihnkuha Roa enh;a ukek·fi ifjorZf;";fl \
& vga Roka e`.kkfyuhfr dFkf;";kfeA Roefl e`.kkfyuh dkseyk p Hk³qjk pA
JqRoksPpkSgZlUrh e`.kkfyuh mokp & dkysuSo KkL;fl d vko;kseZè;s Hk³~xqj% dre'p
LFkkuq%A
lexzs·fi fofp=ns'ks feU;k% e`.kkfyuhfr uohua uke çpkjekiA 'kuS% 'kuS% lk
lehiofrZxzkes"kq yksdfç;rka txkeA tukLrka dkSrqdlfEHkUu;k J);k O;yksd;u~ rs
rka nsohfr esfujsA vFk e`.kkfyU;k% —rs tuSuZohuekoklx`ga fofuekZf;A ija
tjn~xoLr= xUrqa u ok¥~NfrA vkoklifjorZuefèk—R;ksHk;ksfoZokn% letfuA
e`.kkfyuh uohukokla txkeA tjn~xoLrnuq Do yhu bfr u Kk;rsA
'kCnkFkZ & viljkfe ¾ Hkkx tkrh gw¡A mfRFkrek=k ¾ mBrs ghA xqgk}kfj ¾ xqQk
ds njokts ijA lkgp;Ze~ ¾ lkFkA çsei)fr ¾ çse djus dh jhfrA vkoklx`ge~ ¾
fuokl dk ?kjA mHk;ks% ¾ feuh vkSj tjn~xo ds eè;A
vuqokn & ;gk¡ dksbZ eqfu fuokl djrk gSA eSa mlds vkus ls igys ;gk¡ ls Hkkx
tkrh gw¡A ,slk lkspdj og tSls gh pkjik;h ls mBh ] mBrs gh mlus xqQk ds }kj
ij fdlh tVkèkkjh dks ns[kkA lwr th us dgk – eqfutu ! dfy;qx ds çFke pj.k
;k ;hLoh ds chloha 'krkCnh esa feuh vkSj tjn~xo dk lkgp;Z çkjEHk gqvkA lEiw.kZ
Hkwe.My esa bl vleatl lkgp;Z ppkZ QSy x;hA tjn~xo dh çsei)fr fofp= gh
FkhA og feuh dks vusd uke ls cqykrk FkkAdHkh og mls fonsf'kuh dgrk ] dHkh
xkSjk³~xh] dHkh jäeq[kh vkSj dHkh dHkh etkd etkd esa mls okujh vkSj
dygfç;k] dkyh ] djkyk] fu.kZrksnjh] vke`"VikÜokZ Hkh dgrk FkkA
,dckj tjn~xo us feuh ls dgk & vc rqEgkjk feuh ;g uke vPNk ugha yxrkA
& vPNk rks vc rqe esjk uke Hkh cnyksxs \
& eS rqEgsa e`.kkfyuh dgw¡xkA rqe dksey vkSj Hk³qj e`.kkfyuh gksA
;g lqu dj tksj ls g¡lrh gq;h e`.kkfyuh cksyh – dqN le; esa tku tkvksxs fd
ge nksuks esa dkSu Hkaxqj gS rFkk dkSu LFkk;h gSA
lEiw.kZ fofp= ns'k esa feuh dk e`.kkfyuh bl u;s uke dk uke çpkj gks x;kA èkhjs
èkhjs og ikl ds xk¡oksa esa yksdfç; gks x;hA yksx mls dkSrqd Hkjh J)k ls ns[krs Fks
rFkk mls nsoh ekurs FksA yksxksa us e`.kkfyuh ds fy;s uohu ?kj cuok fn;k ijUrq
tjn~xo ogk¡ tkus dks rS;kj ugha gqvkA vkokl ifjorZu dks ysdj nksuks esa fookn
gks x;kA e`.kkfyuh uohu vkokl esa pyh x;h fdUrq tjn~xo dgk¡ yhu gks x;k ]
;g dksbZ ugha tkurkA
209
 O;kdj.k & xqgk}kfj ] xqgk;k% }kfj] rRiq#"k ] çsei)fr% ] çsE.k% i)fr% ] rRiq#"k]
dkysuSo ] dkysu $ ,o ] o`f) lafèkA

lwr mokp & equ;% ! ,oesokrhrks czã.kks fues"kek=% dky%A ,rkork dkysu uSdk
euqtlUrr;ks xrk'pkxr'pA e`.kkfyU;k cgoks Hkäk bnkuheklUk~A rs lnSo rka
ifjok;Z xPNfUr LeA e`.kkfyU;k eu mRdk;rs Le tjn~xosu fefyrqe~AijUrq b;rk
tuleqnk;su ifjokfjrk lk u reUos"Vqa 'k'kkdA tjn~xoks·I;n'kZua xr bfr
e`.kkfyuhnkuha fpUrkijk vkLrsA lexzs·fi ns'ks ;=koyksD;rka r=So;s a okrkZ
;Ttjn~xo% Do xr bfrA tjn~xofojfgrk e`.kkfyuh vfi Xyk;frA lk fpUr;fr
fda djksfe] Lons'kefi ijkofrZrqa u 'kDuksfeA ;rks fg v= vkxR; ,rkor~ foifjofrZra
es :ia ;r~ dks fg uke r= eka çR;fHkKkL;fr \ ,dnk rq lk çR;w"k ,o x`gkfUuxZrk
prq"iFks 'k;kueæk{khr~ defi tue~A vèkkseq[k% èkfj«;ka o{k mnja p lalT;k·lkS 'ksrAs
dks·;a dqr bg 'ksrs & bfr ftKklekuk lk reqilliZA e`.kkfyuh {k.ka fu)~;k;Urh
fLFkrkA mnjcysu 'k;kuL; rL; onuesdikÜoZrks –"Vqa 'kD;rs LeA ifjfprfeo
çrh;k; rL; iq#"kL; eq[ke~A e`.kkfyuh reqilliZ –"V~ok p ra
la'k;fodYinksykLokjksfirso cHkzkeA tjn~xo ,o l iq#"k% L;kr~A ijUrq tjn~xoks·=
dFka L;kr~ \ uwua l³~dYiksiknkuiVqHkzZe ,oS"k eesfr fopk;Z e`.kkfyuh ;konqiliZfr
rkor~ eUna eUna {kh.ka {kh.ka p rL; iq#"kL;kºokueJkS"khr~ & e`.kkfyfu !
e`.kkfyuhfrA e`.kkfyuh çèkkO; >fVfr rRlehiek;;kS ] mRFkkfirorh p re~A
tjn~xo fda —ra Ro;k LoReuSo LokRekua çrhfr l[ksnekg lkA rL;
nsgks·³~xkjdor~ rI;rs LeA Þ tjn~xo ! tjn~xo ! dFkeh–'kh rs nqjoLFkk \
lkuqrkiekRekua xgZ;Urho e`.kkfyuh ra ii`PNA
,rkork dkysu RokesokUos"k;kfe & {kh.kLojs.k tjn~xo% çkg & v= gfLrukiqjL;
vuqlUèkkulfeR;k uwueU;ns'kh;ks·;a xqIrpkjks·;fefr eRok dkjkx`g·s ga fuf{kIr%A
r=k·gerho #X.kks tkr%A e`R;qe[q ks fuifrra eka eRok rs eka dkjkxkjn~ cfg% çkf{kiu~A
cgks% dkykfnrLrrks HkzekfeA Roka p i';kE;³j{kdSoZ`rke~A e`.kkfyuh Roka fouk uk·ga
thforqa 'kDuksfeA bPNkfe p thforqe~A bfrA
e`.kkfyuh {kh.kdk;a reqRl³~xs mRFkkI; çpfyrkA
'kCnkFkZ & euqtlUrr;% ¾ euq";ksa dh ihf<;k¡] mRdk;rs ¾ mRdf.Br gksuk ]
fpUrkijk ¾ fpfUrr ] Xyk;fr ¾ nq[kh gksuk ] fuè;k;Urh ¾ lksprh gqbZ ] vkºokue~
¾ cqykuk ] çèkkO; ¾ nkSM dj ] v³~xkjdor~ ¾ vaxkjs dh rjg ] lkuqrkie~ ¾
vuqrki ds lkFkA
vuqokn & lwr th cksys & eqfutu ! blçdkj ls czãk dk fues"kek= dky chr
x;kA brus le; esa euq";ksa dh vusd ihf<;k¡ vk;ha vkSj x;haA bl le; e`.kkfyuh
ds cgqr Hkä FksA os lnSo mls ?ksj dj pyrs FksA e`.kkfyuh dk eu tjn~xo ls
feyus dks mRdf.Br gksrk Fkk ijUrq brus cMs tu leqnk; ls f?kjh gq;h gksus ds
dkju og mls ugha [kkst ik;hA tjn~xo yqIr gks x;k Fkk blfy;s e`.kkfyuh cgqr
nq%[kh FkhA og lksprh Fkh – D;k d:¡ \ eSe~ vius ns'k Hkh ugha ykSV ldrh D;ksafd
esjk :i bruk ifjofrZr gks x;k gS] vc ogk¡ eq>s dkSu igpkusxkA ,dckj çkr%dky
gh ?kj ls fudydj mlus pkSjkgs esa iMs gq;s fdlh vkneh dks ns[kkA og vèkkseq[k
gksdj i`Foh ij Nkrh vkSj isr lVk dj mYVk iMk FkkA ;g dkSu gS \ dgk¡ ls
vk;k gS\ bR;kfn ftKklk ls e`.kkfyuh mlds ikl x;hA og {k.k Hkj mls ns[krh
gq;h ogha [kMh jghA ;|fi og isV ds cy ysVk Fkk rFkkfi mldk eq[k nwljh rjQ~
210
ls ns[kk tk ldrk FkkA e`.kkfyuh dks ml iq#"k dk eq[k ifjfpr dh rjg yxkA
e`.kkfyuh mlds vkSj ikl x;h vkSj mls ns[kdj la'k; rFkk fodYi ds >wys esa p<h
gq;h dh rjg Hkzfer gksus yxhA ;g iq#"k tjn~xo gh gSA ijUrq tjn~xo ;gk¡ dSls
gks ldrk gS \ fu'p; gh ;g esjs eu dh bPNk ds dkj.k mRiUu Hkze gh gS ] ,slk
lkspdj e`.kkfyuh tSls gh mlls nwj gVuk pkgrh gS] oSls gh èkhjs èkhjs {kh.k lk ml
iq#"k dk vkºoku mls lquk;h iMrk & e`.kkfyfu ! e`.kkfyfu !
e`.kkfyuh nkSM dj mlds ikl x;h vkSj mls mBk yhA og nq%[kh gksdj cksyh &
tjn~xo ! rqeus vius ls vius çfr ;g D;k fd;k \ tjn~xo dk 'kjhj vExkjs ds
leku ri jgk FkkA Þ tjn~xo ! tjn~xo ! rqEgkjh ;g nqnZ'kk dSls gq;h \ lkuqrki
vius dks dks'krh gq;h E.kkfyuh us mlls iw¡NkA
tjn~xo {kh.k Loj esa cksyk – brus le; ls rqEgsa [kkst jgk gw¡A ;gk¡ gfLrukiqj dh
vuqlaèkku lfefr us ] fu'p; gh ;g vU; ns'k dk xqIrpj gS ;g ekudj eq>s
dkjkxkj esa Mky fn;kA dkjkxkj esa eSa vR;fèkd chekj gks x;kA eq>s e`R;q ds eq[k esa
iMk ns[kdj mUgksaus dkjkxkj ls ckgj Qsd fn;kA cgqr le; ls eSa bèkj mèkj HkVd
jgk gw¡A rqEgsa v³~xj{kdksa ls f?kjh gq;h ns[krk gw¡A e`.kkfyuh ] eS rqEgkjs fcuk th
ugha ldrkA eSa thuk pkgrk gw¡A
e`.kkfyuh {kh.kdk; tjn~xo dks xksn esa mBkdj py iMhA
O;kdj.k& euqtlUrr;% ] euqtkukuka lUrr;% ] rRiq#"k ] vn'kZue~ ] u n'kZue~
vn'kZuEk~] u¥~rRiq#"k] x`gkfUuxZrk ] x`gkr~ $ fuxZrk] gYlfUèk] milliZ ] mi& l`
& fyV~A vU;ns'kh;% vU;% ns'k% ;L; l%] cgqczhfgA

bl bdkbZ esa vkius la{ksi esa fofp= mik[;ku dk vè;;u fd;kA çR;sd bdkbZ dh
'kCnlhek gksus ds dkj.k ;gk¡ lexz mik[;ku vfody :i ls ugha fn;k tk ldkA
lEiw.kZ mik[;ku dk vè;;u ewy iqLrd ls fd;k tk läk gSA vkius bl
mik[;ku esa ns[kk fd feuh yqbl vkSj 'khck ds bdykSrh lUrku FkhA 'khck vkSj
yqbl dh ,d ;k=k ds nkSjku ty;ku esa eqykdkr gq;h Fkh vkSj nksuks fookg cUèku
esa c¡èk x;s FksA feuh ds tUe ds ckn nksuks dk fookgfoPNsn gks x;kA yqbl
vè;;u'khy O;fä FkkA thou dh fo"keifjfLFkfr esa Hkh mlus viuh vè;;uço`fÙk
ugha NksMhA og tjn~xo ds fo"k; esa i<dj vuqlaèkku gsrq Hkkjr vk;k fdUrq 'khck
dk lans'k ikdj okil isfjl pyk x;kA mlus feuh dks ikyk iks"kk rFkk mÙke
'Y{kk fnyk;kA feuh tjn~xo ij vuqlUèkku djus dh ykylk ls Hkkjr vk;hA
vusd foifÙk;kse~ dk lkeuk djrs gq;s mlus tjn~xo dks çkIr fd;kA

bnEçFker;k ¾ igyh ckj]

f'kf'kjlUè;k;ke~ ¾ B.Mh ds le; dh 'kke dks]
vfLFkPNsnds ¾ gìh dks Nsnus okyh]
vk"Vk'khfrlglze~ ¾ vLlh gtkj ]
nwuân;k% ¾ nq[kh ân; okys ]
211
 dkypØifjorZue~ ¾ le;pØ ds cnyko dks]
vigrxk.Mho% ¾ xk.Mho uked vius èkuq"k dks gVkdj ]
dsljh ¾ flag ]
u`Ùkxhrokfn=e~ ¾ ukp ] xkuk vkSj cktkA
viljkfe ¾ Hkkx tkrh gw¡A
mfRFkrek=k ¾ mBrs ghA
xqgk}kfj ¾ xqQk ds njokts ijA
lkgp;Ze~ ¾ lkFkA
çsei)fr ¾ çse djus dh jhfrA
vkoklx`ge~ ¾ fuokl dk ?kjA
mHk;ks% ¾ feuh vkSj tjn~xo ds eè;A

1- foØepfjrE] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] çfrHkk çdk'ku ] u;h fnYyh ] 1999

2- jkèkkoYyHk dh lkjLor lkèkuk ] jekdkUr ik.Ms; ] bZLrquZ cqd fyadlZ ]
fnYyh] 2013
3- jkèkkoYyHk dh leh{kk – ijEijk] jekdkUr ik.Ms; ] bZLrquZ cqd fyadlZ ]
fnYyh] 2013
4- lkfgR;niZ.k] foÜoukFk dfojkt ] pkS[kEck laL—r lhjht ] okjk.klh] 2010
5- laL—rlkfgR; dk lexz bfrgkl] prqFkZ Hkkx ] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh ] Hkkjrh;
cqd dkikZsjs'ku] fnYyh] 2018

1- fofp=ksik[;ku dh dFkk vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k;sA

2- feuh dk fo'kn ifjp; nhft;sA
3- fofp=ksik[;ku esa ladsfrr orZeku lekt dk mYys[k dhft;sA
4- feuh vkSj tjn~xo dk ifjp; dSls gqvkA
5- feuh dh –<rk ij çdk'k Mkfy;sA

1- lkfgR;niZ.k] foÜoukFk dfojkt ] pkS[kEck laL—r lhjht ] okjk.klh] 2010A

2- laL—rlkfgR; dk lexz bfrgkl] prqFkZ Hkkx ] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh ] Hkkjrh;
cqd dkikZsjs'ku] fnYyh] 2018A

212
 mik[;kuekfydk
bdkbZ 16 mik[;kuekfydk ek;kfouh& f}rh; mik[;ku ek;kfouh& f}rh;
mik[;ku

16-1 mís';
16-2 çLrkouk
16-3 lwr dk iqu% vkxeu rFkk eqfu;ksa dk ç'u
16-4 lwr th }kjk dFkk dk çkjEHk
16-5 lwr th }kjk ekfyuh unh dk vUos"k.k
16-6 lwr th }kjk ekfyuh dh nqnZ'kk ns[kuk
16-7 lwr th dk ekfyuhenZuegks|ksx ds fyfid ls feyu vkSj ckrphr
16-8 lwr th }kjk vU; vfèkdkfj;ksa ds n'kZu
16-9 lwr th dk ml L=h dk lk{kkr~ n'kZu djuk
16-10 lfpo }kjk ekfyuh ds ck¡èkus esa dfBukbZ dk dFku
16-11 ekfyuh dh n'kk ns[kdj lwr th dk ØUnu
16-12 ml LFky esa lwr dh n'kk
16-13 lkjk¡'k
16-14 'kCnkoyh
16-15 lUnHkZxzUFk
16-16 vH;klç'u

bl bdkbZ ds vè;;u ls vki %

• fodkl dh vUèkh nkSM+ esa u"V gks jgh ç—fr dk ifjKku çkIr djsaxs
• lw[krh ufn;ksa ds ckjs esa tku ldsaxs
• fo'kky Hkouksa ds fuekZ.k ls i;kZoj.k ds fouk'k ds ckjs esa tku ldsaxs
• ç—fr ds laj{k.k dk l'kä lans'k çkIr djsaxs
• ç—fr ds laj{k.k dh fn'kk esa fpUru gsrq çsj.kk çkIr djsaxs

iwoZ bdkbZ esa vkius i<k fd fo"kedky ds vkus ij uSfe"kkj.; esa vLlh gtkj
_f"k;ksa us lwr th ls fofp= mik[;ku lqukus dh çkFkZuk dhA mudh çkFkZuk ij
lwr th mik[;ku lqukus yxsA lwr th us dgk & gfLrukiqj ds ikl ,d fofp=
ns'k gSA ml ns'k ds ?kus taxy dh xqQk esa ,d Hkkyw jgrk Fkk] ftldk uke
tjn~xo FkkA ml Hkkyw ds ckjs esa dksbZ dqN fo'ks"k ugha tkurk FkkA mlds ckjs esa
213
 cgqr çdkj dh fdaonfUr;k¡ QSyh FkhaA mlds vR;kpkj ls lHkh ijs'kku FksA og
Hkksyh Hkkyh ;qofr;ksa dks mBk ysrk FkkA tjn~xo dk ;g o`ÙkkUr iwjs foÜo esa QSy
x;kA ;|fi mls fdlh us ns[kk ugha Fkk rFkkfi lc yksx vius vius vuqlkj
mldh ckr djrs FksA
ml tjn~xo dk irk yxkus ds fy;s Ýk¡l ns'k dh feuh uked ,d yMdh vk;hA
og fdlh rjg ml ou esa igq¡ph tgk¡ tjn~xo jgrk FkkA bl feuh dh dFkk Hkh
fofp= vkSj vk'p;Ztud gh gSA og yqbl vkSj 'khck dh iq=h FkhA yqbl Ýk¡l dk
fuoklh Fkk rFkk 'khck FkkbZyS.M dh jgus okyh FkhA nksuks dh eqykdkr ,d tgkt
es~a gq;h vkSj nksuks esa çse gks x;kA yqbl dqN fnuksa rd 'khck ds ?kj FkkbZyS.M esa
jgk fQj nksuks Ýk¡l pys x;sA ogk¡ dqN fnu jgus ds ckn nksuks dk fookg foPNsn
gks x;kA feuh viuh ek¡ ds ikl jgrh Fkh fdUrq ek¡ dh e`R;q ds ckn og vius
firk yqbl ds ikl vkx;hA yqbl Hkh cgqr fnuksa rd ugha th ldkA feuh tjn~xo
ds vUos"k.k ds fy;s ou ou HkVd jgh FkhA mlds çk.kksa esa vusd ckj ladV vk;s]
og vius thou dh vk'kk Hkh [kks cSBrh Fkh fdUrq fgEer ugha gkjhA mldh
eqykdkr tjn~xo ls gksrh gS nksuks ds eè; dkQh okn – fookn Hkh gksrk gS fdUrq
ifjfLFkfr o'k feuh dks mlds lkFk jguk iMrk gSA og feuh dk uke e`.kkfyuh
j[k nsrk gSA e`.kkfyuh tjn~xo dks cnyus dk cgqr ç;kl djrh jgh fdUrq mls
cny ugh ik;hA e`.kkfyuh lektlsok ds dk;Z esa yx x;hA og fnu Hkj fofp=
ns'k ds fodkl esa yxh jgrhA tjn~xo ds fy;s mlds ikl le; gh ugha gksrkA
vUrr% tjn~xo mls NksMdj dgha pyk x;kA feuh tjn~xo dks [kkstuk pkgrh Fkh
fdUrq mls le; ugha feykA ,d fnu uxj ds pkSjkgs esa mlus fdlh dks myVs eq¡g
iMs gq;s ns[kkA ikl tkdj ns[kus ij mls irk pyk fd og tjn~xo gSA tjn~xo us
mls crk;k fd iqfyl us mls dkjkxkj esa Mky fn;k FkkA dqN fnuksa ckn ogk¡
mldk LokLF; [kjkc gksus yxkA ;g ns[kdj iqfyl us mls dkjkxkj ls ckgj dj
fn;kA tjn~xo dh nqnZ'kk ns[kdj feuh mls ysdj fpfdRlky; pyh x;hA
bl bdkbZ esa vki Þek;kfouh & mik[;kuß dk vè;;u djsaxsA bl mik[;ku esa
vkt ds rFkkdfFkr fodkl dh vaèkh nkSM+ esa u"V gks jgh ç—fr dk o.kZu fd;k
x;k gSA ;g mik[;ku Hkh foLr`r gSA ;gk¡ bldk lEikfnr va'k fn;k tk jgk gSA
mik[;ku dk iw.kZ vè;;u ewy iqrd ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA

tjn~xoksik[;kua Jkof;Rok lwr% çkg & lEçfr JkUrks·fLe] DykUrks·fLeA

dkfufpfíukfu foJkE;kfeAvuqtkuUrq v=HkoUrks eke~A bRFkeki`PNekua fucZUèkija lwra
rs equ;ks·fuPNUrks·fi çLFkkukUu U;okj;u~A vuUrja foxrks egku~ dky%A lwrL;
fdeHkwfnfr ukKk;rA uSfe"kkj.;s 'kkSudkn;ks·"Vk'khfrlglza equ;ks tks"ka fLFkrk%A lwr%
Do xr bfr u Kk;rsA
'kkSud% çkg & equ;% ! ;fn lwr ,o yksia ;krLrfgZ fdeFkZfeg LFkh;rs ·LekfHk%A
fogk; uSfe"keU;a fdefi xzga u{k=a ok··J;kegsA rnkuheso lwr misR;
O;klkluefèk"Bk; rw".kha rLFkkSA
equ;Lrei`PNu~ & egkers lwr ! dqr vkxE;rs \ lkSE; Ro;k foâresrkork dkysu\
214
 mik[;kuekfydk
loZesrn~ foLrjs.kkp{oA ek;kfouh& f}rh;
mik[;ku
'kCnkFkZ & tjn~xoksik[;kue~ ¾ iwokZsä tjn~xoksik[;ku~A JkUrks·fLe ¾ Fkdk gw¡A
foJkE;kfe ¾ foJke djrk gw¡A vuqtkuUrq ¾ vuqefr nsAa vki`PNekue~ ¾ tkus dh
vuqefr ek¡x jgsA foxr% ¾ chr x;kA v"Vk'khfrlglze~ ¾ vLlh gtkjA tks"ke~ ¾
'kkUrA fogk; uSfe"ke~ ¾ uSfe"kkj.; dks NksM+ djA misR; ¾ vkdjA
vuqokn & tjn~xo & mik[;ku lqukus ds vuUrj lwr th cksys – vc eSa Fkd x;k
gw¡] DykUr gks jgk gw¡A dqN fnuksa rd foJke djuk pkgrk gw¡A vki yksx eq>s
vuqefr çnku djsaA eqfu;ksa dh bPNk rks ugha Fkh ij lwr dk gB ns[kdj mUgsa tkus
fn;kA
bl çdkj egku~ dky chr x;kA lwr dk D;k gqvk ;g irk ugha pykA uSfe"kkj.;
esa vLlh gtkj 'kkSud vkfn eqfu 'kkUr cSBs FksA lwr dgk¡ x;s] ;g fdlh dks irk
ugha FkkA
'kkSud cksys & eqfu;ks] ;fn lwr th gh yqIr gksx;s rks ge lc ;gk¡ D;ksa jg jgs gSa\
uSfe"kkj.; dks NksMdj dgha fdlh vU; xzg u{k= esa pyrs gSaA mlh le; lwr th
vkdj O;klklu esa 'kkUr cSB x;sA
eqfu;ksa us lwr th ls iw¡Nk – egkefr lwr ! vki dgk¡ ls vkjgs gSa \ vki brus
fnuksa rd dgk¡ fopj.k dj jgs Fks \ ;g lc foLrkj ls crkb;sA
O;kdj.k & tjn~xoksik[;kue~ & tjn~xoL; mik[;kue~ ¼ "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl ½]

lwr mokp & ^equ;% ! xrokuga Loa xzkee~A r= xRok egRlq l³~dVs"kq fuifrr%A
egrh dFkk vkLrsA ;FkkLe`fr ;FkkuqHkwra Jko;kfeA ;fn dkSrwgya] Jw;rkEk~^A
vokI;k·ga xzkeifjlja ifjrks foifjofrZrfeo loZei';e~A ;= lzkrs kafl L;UnUrs Le]
r= 'kq"dk funk?kfo'kh.kkZ èkj.kh] ;= euksgjk vuksdgk vHkza pqEcfUr Le] r= iDokfu
Hkoukfu Hkw;lk çknqHkZwrkfuA dsoyeqÙkq³~xa ekyeoyksD; rnsosfr çR;sfr efr%A iqjk
vuqekyeso çogfr Le ekfyuh] vfèkekya pkè;fr"Bn~ xzkensorkA ;k [kyq çLrje;h
vfi lthoso] dkfd.khu;uk·fi loZa fuHkky;Urh ogUrh xzkeL; ;ksx{ksea rLFkkSA
uklhnqifj ekya lk xzke nsoh lEçfrA HkO;ks cHkwo d'pu nsoky;LrRLFkkusA
vga unheUos"k;kfeA ;k ifjiw.kZso leqPNyUrhokoxk<ek=so Lui;Urh nsga
Lo;eousfutkuk f'k'kwukfeo uks eq[kkfu leqfRFkrSyZgjhdjkxzS% lgekuk·Lekda dwnZukfu
>Eiukfu vkjkn~ xzkea ifjrks ekyeUrjk p oua çogek.kk dq= lk foyqIrk lEçfr \
'kCnkFkZ & ;FkkLe`fr ¾ tSlk Lej.k vk;sxk rnuqlkjA dqrwgye~ ¾ ftKklkA vokI;
¾ igq¡p djA lzksrkafl ¾ >jusA funk?kfo'kh.kkZ & xeÊ ls QVh gq;hAvuksdgk% ¾
o`{kA vHkze~ ¾ vkdk'kA iDokfu ¾ iDdsA Hkw;lk ¾ vusd ]cgqr lsA ekye~ ¾
Vsdjh] Å¡ph HkwfeA vuqekye~ ¾ Vsdjh ds vkl –iklA vfèkekye~ ¾Vsdjh ds ÅijA
dkfd.khu;uk ¾ dkSfM+;ksa ls cuh vk¡[kksa okyhA voxk<ek=k ¾ xksrk yxkus ek= lsA
ygjhdjkxzS% ¾ ygjksa ds gkFkksa lsA >Eiukfu ¾ xksrk[kksjhA
vuqokn& lwr th cksys & eSa viusxk¡o x;k FkkA ogk¡ tkdj egku~ ladV esa iM+ 215
 x;kA cgqr cM+h dFkk gSA tSlk ns[kk vkmj tSlk vc ;kn gS] oSlk lqukmaxkA vxj
rqe yksxksa dh ftKklk gS rks lqfu;s &
xk¡o esa igq¡p dj eSus lc dqN cnyk lk ns[kkA tgk¡ >jus çokfgr gksrs Fks ] ogk¡
lw[kh rFkk xeÊ ls QVh èkjrh Fkh] tgk¡ cM+s cM+s o`{k vkdk'k dks pwers Fks ] ogk¡
vusd iDds edku cu x;s gSAa dsoy Å¡ph igkM+h dks ns[kdj ] ;g ogh xk¡o gS ]
;g le> esa vkrk gSA igys blh Å¡ph igkM+h ds ikl ls gh ekfyuh unh cgk
djrh Fkh] mlh igkM+h ds Åij xzkensork fojkteku FkhA og iRFkj dh gksdj Hkh
ltho dh rjg Fkh] mldh vk¡[ks dkSM+h dh cuh Fkha ij og~ lc dqN ns[krh Fkh vkSj
xk¡o dk ;ksx{kse ogu djrh gq;h fojkteku FkhAvc ml igkM+h ds Åij og nsoh
ugha FkhA mlds LFkku ij dksbZ cM+k nsoky; cu x;k gSA
eSa unh dks [kkstrk jgkA tks igys ges'kk Hkjh jgrh Fkh] xksrk ek= yxkus ls iwjh
nsg dks ugyk nsrh Fkh] ge f'k'kqvksa ds eq[k dks vius ygjksa ds gkFkksa ls èkksrh Fkh
rFkk gekjs mNydwn vkSj xksrk [kksjh dks lgu djrh Fkh] tks xk¡o ls nwj] igkM+h ds
pkjks vksj vkSj ou ds chp ls cgrh Fkh] og vc dgk¡ foyqIr gks x;h \
O;kdj.k & ;FkkLe`fr & Le`freufrØE; ¼vO;;hHkko lekl ½] xzkeifjlj% & xzkeL;
ifjlj% ¼ "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl ½

u|k vo'ks"kk vo';a Dofpr~ Dofpn~ –';UrsA b;e= iDoHkouif³~äfHkjfrØkUrk·fi

rUoh th.kkZ foyksdf;rqa 'kD;rs lSdrifêdkA ikÜoZr% çdh.kkZ% çrh;Urs Dokfi
'k³~[k'kqähuka fojyk% 'kdyk%A br'p çcyçokgfo?kfêrk fonh.kkZ ,drks jk'kh—rk
uhjlk% çLrjk%A fldrk;k% çLrjk.kka pksi;ksxks HkoufuekZ.ks dkea fofgr bfr –
f"Vek=s.k Kkrqa 'kD;rsA
,oa fpUrkpfpZrfpÙk'pfdr bok·ga iqjr vk;kUra okegLrLFkrtZuheè;e;kseZè;s
lUn"VèkweofrZdk'kdyEk~] èkweksn~xkjk; fofgrkèkjks"Bo`ÙkEk~] ifjfgrikn=k.ka defi
;qokuei`PNe~ & Hkæ! cgks% dkyknuUrjfeg lek;krks·fLeA eU;s vklhfng dk·fi
unh ekfyuh ukeA lk u –';rs ! l rwis{k;k {k.ka fuHkkY; ekeqìh;eku–'kk çkg &
unh \ dk uke unh \ ds;a ekfyuh ok \
'kCnkFkZ & u|k vo'ks"kk% ¾ unh ds vo'ks"kA Dofpr~ Dofpr~ ¾ dgha dghaA
iDoHkouif³~äfHk% & iDds egyksa dh drkjksa lsA rUoh & nqcyhA 'kdyk% ¾ VqdM+As
çcyçokgfo?kfêrk% ¾ rst cgko esa Vdjkus lsA jk'kh—rk% ¾ ,d= fd;s gq;As
okegLrLFkrtZuheè;e;kseZè;s ¾ ck;sa gkFk dh rtZuh vkSj eè;ek ds eè;A
lUn"VèkweofrZdk'kdye~ ¾ flxjsV ds VqdM+s dks nck;s gq;As èkweksn~xkjk;
fofgrkèkjks"Bo`Ùke~ ¾ èkqvk fudkyus ds fy;s vks"B dk xksyk cuk;s gq;As
vuqokn & ogk¡ dgha dgha unh ds vo'ks"k vo'; fn[kk;h iM+ jgs FksA iDds egyksa
dh iafä;ksa ls nch gq;h iryh vkSj iqjkuh jsrhyh iêh fn[kk;h iM+ jgh FkhA dgha
dgha bèkj mèkj iM+s gq;s 'ka[k vkSj 'kqfä;ksa ds VqdM+s bèkj mèkj iM+s fn[k jgs FksA
rst çokg ds dkj.k f?kls gq;s Vs<s+ – es<+s iRFkjksa dh jkf'k Hkh ,d rjQ ,df=r
FkhA ckyw vkSj iRFkjksa dk mi;ksx Hkou cukus esa LoPNUnrk ls fd;k tk jgk gS] ;g
216
 mik[;kuekfydk
ns[kus ek= ls Kkr gks jgk FkkA ek;kfouh& f}rh;
mik[;ku
;g lc ns[k dj eSa fpfUrr Fkk ] esjk fpÙk pfdr gks jgk FkkA rHkh eSus lkeus ls
vk jgs ,d ;qod dks ns[kkA og vius ck;sa gkFk dh rtZuh vkSj eè;ek ds eè;
flxjsV dk VqdM+k nck;s FkkA èkqvk¡ fudkyus ds fy;s og vius vèkj dk xksyk
cuk;s FkkA mls ns[kdj eSus iwNk & Hkæ ! eSa cgqr le; ds ckn ;gk¡ vk;k gw¡A
igys ;gk¡ dksbZ ekfyuh uke dh unh cgk djrh FkhA og ugha fn[kk;h ns jghA
mlus {k.k Hkj eq>s mis{kk ls ns[kk vkSj cksyk & unh \ dSlh unh \ ;g dkSu lh
ekfyuh gS \
O;kdj.k & lSdrifêdk & lSdrkuka ifêdk ¼"k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl ½
fpUrkpfpZrfpÙk% & fpUr;k pfpZra O;kIra fpÙka ;L; ¼cgqczhfg lekl ½
rPNªqRok foLe;foºoy bo & fdeusuksäE] dq=k·ga lekxr%] Dok·;a xzke% nqxZq.kxzke%]
Do p xrk ee tUeHkwfejh–'kkukefou;kuka Lusgjlkuka p Hkwfefjfr
fodYinksyk;ekueuk ;kofRdeI;oèkkj;kfe] rkonso yxqMgLrks èk`rks".kh"k%
ikn=k.kfoghu% d'pu o`)% lglk·orh;Z ee –DiFke~ & vklhnfLr p ekfyuh unh]
lk r= i`"Brks ekya cè;r bR;qä~ok·UrnZèkkSA
vga dkfUn'khd bokuqekya çfLFkrLrkeso fn'ka ;k rsu l³~dsfrrkA ekyeqÙkh;Z
vU;fLeUuso yksd vkRekuegetkuke~A vklaLr= fofoèkoknfop{k.kk foonUr%]
DofpTtYikdk bo tYiUr% Dofpn~ xYiçxYHkk bo dFkka dqoZUrks·–';UrA ifjr'p
rku~ fofoèkk—r;% fofp=ps"Vk nkuok% l¥~pjfUrA ,rs"kq d'pu dL;fpn~ nkuoL;
i`"Bek:<LrUeLrda ureLrdks Hkzke;u~ Hkze;fr re~A vU;= dspu nkuoesda
çLrjk.kka dqêus fu;kst;fUr dsfpnijs·ijs.k nkuosu otzysipw.kZfeJ.ka dkj;fUrAlqnwja
Dokfi u|k tya cUnh—ra fr"BfrA
'kCnkFkZ & rPNªqRok ¾ mldh ckr lqudjA foLe;foºoy% ¾vk'p;Z ls foºoyA
fodYinksyk;ekueuk ¾ mèksM+cqu ls dfEir eu okykA èk`rks".kh"k% ¾ ixM+h ck¡èks
gq;As ikn=k.kfoghu% ¾ twrksa ls jfgr iSjksa okykA dkfUn'khd ¾ Hkwyk & HkVdkA
xYiçxYHkk% ¾ cgl esa prqjA fofoèkk—r;% ¾ vusd çdkj dh vk—fr okysA
fofp=ps"Vk% ¾ fofHkUu ps"Vkvksa okysA nkuok% ¾ jk{klA çLrjk.kka dqêus ¾ iRFkj
dwVus esAa otzysipw.kZfeJ.ke~ ¾ lhes.V dk pw.kZ feykus esaA
vuqokn & ml ;qod dh ckr lqu dj eSa vk'p;Z ls foºoy dh rjg & Þblus
D;k dgk ] eSa dgk¡ vkx;k] dgk¡ ;g nqxZq.kksa ls ifjiw.kZ xzke \ vkSj dgk¡ esjh
tUeHkwfe\ og bl çdkj ds vfou;ksa dh Hkwfe ugha FkhA og rks Lusg ls ifjiw.kZ
yksxksa dh Hkwfe FkhA bl çdkj mèksM+ –cqu esa iM+k eSa tc rd dqN le> ikrk ]
rHkh gkFk esa n.M fy;s] f'kj ij lkQk ck¡èks] ikn=k.k ¼twrksa½ ls jfgr dksbZ o`)
lglk eq>s fn[kk;h iM+k & og cksyk & ;gk¡ ekfyuh unh Fkh vkSj gS HkhA igkM+h ds
ihNs ml ij ck¡èk cuk;k tk jgk gSA ;g dg dj ogk pyk x;kA
eSa Hkwys & HkVds dh rjg ml igkM+h ds ihNs mlh fn'kk esa py iM+k] ftèkj ml
o`) us ladsr fd;k FkkA igkM+h ls mrjrs gh eq>s ,slk yxk fd eSa nwljs yksd esa
vkx;k gw¡A ogk¡ vusd çdkj dh os'k & Hkw"kk okys cgqr ls yksx FksA os vusd fo"k;ksa
esa okn &fookn djus esa n{k çrhr gks jgs Fks rFkk vkil esa cgl dj jgs FksA dksbZ
vkil esa gh cM+cM+k jgs Fks rks dqN ijLij xIi dj jgs FksA muds pkjks vksj 217
 fofp=os"k èkkj.k fd;s gq;s nkuo ?kwe jgs FksA mUesa ls dksbZ fdlh nkuo ds ihB ij
cSB dj viuk f'kj >qdk;s gq, mlds f'kj dks ?kqek jgk FkkA dksbZ nkuo iRFkj dwV
jgk Fkk rks fdlh ls lhes.V feykus dk dke djok;k tk jgk FkkA ;gk¡ ls dqN nwj
ij gh unh ds ikuh dks ck¡èk dj jksd fn;k x;k FkkA
O;kdj.k & foLe;foºoy% & foLe;su foºoy% ¼r`rh;k rRiq#"k½A
fodYinksyk;ekueuk% & fodYisu nksyk;ekua euks ;L; ¼ cgqczhfg lekl ½A

d bes ekuok o'kh—rnkuok%] dks·;esrs"kka fofp= m|e bfr foHkko;Uugexzs çkpye~A

Hkæ ! fdfena LFkkue~ \ dq=R;k ;w;e~ \ fdfeg dq#Fksfr fii`PNq;Za defi oäqeqRlgs
l ,ok·fuoZ.;Z eka LouklkfHkeq[ka çpyfrA vgefi çpykfeA çpyfr ef; lqnjw LFka
HkwfexrZL; tya fo'kkyrka çisnsA mRihM bo rj³~xk.kka rrks cfgjkxUrqa çrh;k;A
eè;s rfLeUuika fuèkkus lglk dj};a edjdksfVd³~d.k;qxye;a leqfRFkre~A
lqdkseykS rkS djkS lglk ekesokfHkeq[kkS l`rkSA eU;s dkfi yyusg y;a ;kUrh
vkºo;fr ekeq)kjk;sR;gefpUr;e~A ;konga çèkkO; rRdjrya Lodjrysu x`ghRok
rL;k m)kjk; ;rs] rkonso u r= rRdj};a] u pk·ika lagfr%A fofPNUuk·Hkzfoyk;a
y;ka ;krs rfLeu~ loZfLeu~ fn³~ew< bok·ga lEeq[ka Hkouesda lekyksd;e~A fyf[kra
pklhnfrfo'kkyl³~dsriêds fud"kk eq[;}kja LFkkfirs rL; HkouL; Þ
ekfyuhenZuegks|ksxß bfrA dks·;eq|ksx%\ Do pk·gekxr bR;tkuu~ vxR;k
rn~Hkouega çkfo'ke~A vH;UrjeklhUegk¥~tulEenZ%A d{kkr~ d{ka }kjkn~ }kja
Hkwfedk;k Hkwfedka rYiknU;rYia tuk ;kUR;k;kfUr vkjksgUR;ojksgfUr okA ÞHkæ ! dks
uke ekfyuhenZuegks|ksx% \ fda ukek·= çpyrhfr ;a defi i`PNkfe l ,o
'kwU;u;ukH;ka eka foyksD;k·xzs ljfrA
'kCnkFkZ & o'kh—rnkuok% ¾ ftUgksaus jk{klksa dks o'k esa dj j[kk gSA foHkko;u~ ¾
lksprk gqvkA fii`PNq% ¾ iw¡Nus dk bPNqdA LouklkfHkeq[ke~ ¾ lkeus dh vksjA
HkwfexrZL; ¾ tehu dk xïkA mRihM% ¾ cgkoA edjdksfVd³~d.k;qxye;e~ ¾
exj ds FkwFku ds leku uksadks okys daxu igus gq;s lsA yyuk ¾ L=hA vkºo;fr
¾ cqyk jgh gSA vika lagfr% & tyjkf'kA vH;Urje~ ¾ vUnj tulEenZ% ¾ yksxksa
dh HkhM+A 'kwU;u;kukH;ke~ ¾ lwuh vk¡[kksa lsA
vuqokn & ;s dkSu ls ekuo gSa ftUgksaus nkuoksa dks o'khHkwr dj j[kk gSA budk ;g
dSlk fofp= m|e gS ] ;g lksprk gqvk eS vkxs py iM+kA Hkæ ! ;g dkSu lk
LFkku gS \ vki lc dgk¡ ds fuoklh gSa \ ;gk¡ D;k dj jgs gSa \ ;g lc iwNus fd
bPNk ls eSa ftl fdlh dks ns[k jgk Fkk ] ogh eq>s ns[ks fcuk viuh ukd dh fn'kk
esa lhèkk pyk tkrk FkkA eSa Hkh py jgk FkkA eSa py gh jgk Fkk fd nwjLFk Hkwfe ds
xïs dk ty fo'kkyrk dksi~ èkkj.k djus yxkA ,slk yx jgk Fkk ekuks rjaxksa dk
l?ku çokg ckgj vk jgk gSA ml tyjkf'k ds eè; ls lglk exj ds FkwFku ds
leku uksadks okys daxu igus gq;s lsAnks gkFk Åij mBsA os nksuks lqdksey gkFk esjh
vksj gh c<+ jgs FksA ,slk yxk fd y; dks çkIr gks jgh dksbZ yyuk vius m)kj ds
fy;s eq>s cqyk jgh gSA tc rd eSa nkSM+ dj mlds djry dks vius djry ls
idM+ dj mlds m)kj ds ç;Ru dh lkspk rc rd u rks ogk¡ nksuks gkFk fn[ks vkSj
u gh og tyjkf'k gh ogk¡ cphA tSls vkdk'k esa p<+s ckny {k.k Hkj esa foyhu gks
218
 mik[;kuekfydk
tkrs gSa mlhçdkj ml lcds foy; gks tkus ij fn³~ew<+ lk gksdj eSaus vius ek;kfouh& f}rh;
lEeq[k ,d Hkou ns[kkA ml Hkou ds ikl eq[; }kj esa j[kh fo'kky ladsrifêdk mik[;ku
ij ÞekfyuhenZu egks|ksxß fy[kk FkkA ;g dSlk m|ksx gS \ eSa dgk¡ vk x;k gw¡ \
bR;kfn utkurk gqvk Hkh eSa ml Hkou esa çfo"V gks x;kA ml Hkou ds Hkhrj yksxksa
dh cM+h HkhM+ FkhA yksx ,d dejs ls nwljs dejs ,d Mîks<+h ls nwljh Mîks<+h ,d
rYi ls nwljh rYi esa vk tk jgs Fks] mrj p<+ jgs FksA eSa ftl fdlh ls ;g iwNrk
– Hkæ ! ;g dSlk ÞekfyuhenZuegks|ksxß gS \ ;gk¡ D;k py jgk gS \] os lc lwuh
vk¡[kksa ls eq>s ns[kdj vkxs c<+ tkrs FksA
O;kdj.k & o'kh—rnkuok% ¾ o'kh—rk% nkuok% ;SLrs] cgqczhfg%A HkwfexrZ% ¾ Hkwes%
xrZ%] cgqczhfg%A vike~ ¾ tykuke~A yyu $ bg ¾ yyusg] xq.klafèkA rRdjrye~
¾ rL;k% djrye~ ] rRiq#"k%A egks|ksx% ¾ egk $ m|ksx%] xq.klfUèk%A

,dfLeu~ d{ks nh?kZxzhoa uke ektkZje~ vklfUndk;ke~ mifo"Va dk"BQyds fdefi

fy[kUre~ vge~ vi';e~A vi`PNa p re~ & Þnh?kZxzho ! Roa fdfeg dq#"ks \ ÞA
lEeq[kLFki=s"kq fueXuxzhoks·fi nh?kZxzho% mius=xksYdkH;ka {k.ka fcfgfuZLlk;Z p{kq"kh
fuHkkY; eke~ voknhr~ & *Roa dL;k% 'krkC|k% bgk·orfjr% \ eka nh?kZxzhoa Ckzw"ksA uk·ga
nh?kZxzhoks uke ektkZj%] u ok·;a HkkxhjFkhrhjs 'kkYeyhr#%A v;a ekfyuh & enZu
&egks|ksxL; 'kk[kkdk;kZy;%Avge= fyfid%] ekfyuhenZuegk;kstuk;k% r`rh;pj.kL;
çk:ia e;k fueÊ;rsA rniljA vya enh;jkf"Vª;dk;Zs fo?uksRiknusu*A bfrA
'kCnkFkZ & ,dfLeu~ d{ks ¾ ,d dejs esaA ektkZje~ ¾ foMkyA vklfUndk ¾ dqlÊA
lEeq[kLFki=s"kq ¾ lkeus j[ks iUuksa ijA fueXuxzho% ¾ xnZu >qdk;s gq;As
vuqokn & eSus ,d dejs esa nh?kZxzho uke ds ektkZj dks dqlÊ esa cSBdj est ij
dqN fy[krs ns[kkA eSus mlls iwNk & nh?kZxzho ! rqe ;gk¡ D;k dj jgs gks \ lkeus
j[ks iUuksa ijk xnZu >qdk;s gq;s mlus p'esa ds dk~pksa ls {k.k Hkj ds fy;s vk¡[ksa
fudky dj eq>s ns[krk gqvk cksyk & rqe fdl 'krkCnh ls ;gk¡ mrjs gksA eq>s
nh?kZxzho cksy jgs gksA u rks ebZa nh?kZxzho uked foMky gw¡ vkSj u gh HkkxhjFkh ds
rV dk 'kkYeyh r#A eSa ;gk¡ ekfyuh & enZu –egk;kstuk ds r`rh; pj.k dk
çk:i cuk jgk gw¡A blfy;s nwj gVksA esjs jk"Vªh; dk;Z esa fo?u mRiUu er djksA
O;kdj.k & vklfUndk;ke~ ¾ lIreh ,dopuA fueXuxzho% ¾ fueXuk xzhok ;L;
l% - cgqczhfg%A

vuoxPNu~ rnh;opukuka ijekFkZa rfLeu~ egkHkous HkzkE;fUurLrrks ·geqifjHkwfedk;ka

lqlfTtra d{kesdefo'ke~A rfLeu~ d{ks jktlHkk çpyfrA flagklus
fofp=os'kHkw"kkfoHkwf"krks jktk] os=klus"kq i¥~p"kk% çèkkuk% eq.Mklus"oijs cgo mifo"Vk%A
vkikneLrda rs oL=SjkPNUuk%A vijfenefrfofp=a ;r~ rs"kka d.Bs u ;Kksiohrkfu
vfirq dkSihukfu yEcUrsA] ef.kcUèks"kq u d³~d.kkU;firq ?kfVdk;U=kf.k fuc)kfuA
219
 rs"kq ?kfVdk;U=s"kq rs eqgqeZqgqnZ̀f"Vikra dqoZfUr] vU;Fkk le;kxrh #)k L;kfnR;so
eUokuk%A eè;s rs"kka çyEcxzho mUur?kks.k mius=èkkj.kkPprquZs= mHk;ks% ikÜoZ;ks%
lfpo};su osf"VrRokr~ f=f'kjk% "kM~ckgq'p egkguq%] çdfVrt=w jktk iqjksofrZuha
'k`³~[kykfHkcZ)ka eqgqeZqgqfuZÜolUrhEk~ vfcUnqlqUnjhefi xyYyko.;fcUnqdke~ ]
çlUukeI;olUukEk~] 'kksP;kefi 'kqfpn'kZukEk&] O;k?kzS% ifjokfjrkfeo gfj.khEe~ ]
e³~xydfj.kheI;e³~xyoLrqifjosf"VrkEk~] vR;UrrUohefi
ruksjruqçHkkfHkjkiwfjrHkqoukHkksxkEk~] cUèkukuka =ksVuk; ;rekuka leUrkr~
j{kkiq#"kSfuZ;E;ekuka d'kkfHkLrkMîekuka p yyuka ljks"kei';r~A
'kCnkFkZ & vuoxPNu~ ¾ u le>rk gqvkA ijekFkZe~ ¾ okLrfodrkA HkzkE;fUurLrr%
¾ bèkj & mèkj ?kwerk gqvkA vkikneLrde~ ¾ f'kj ls iSj rdA eqgqeqgZ q% ¾ ckj &
ckjA ?kfVdk;U=s"kq ¾ ?kfM+;ksa esAa J³~[kykfHk% ¾ tathjksa lsA j{kkiq#"kS% ¾ j{kk iq#"kksa
}kjkA d'kkfHk% ¾ dksM+ksa lsA vfcUnqlqUnjh ¾ ty esa çfrfofEcr pUæek ds leku
lqUnjAçlUu ¾ fueZyA
vuqokn & mlds opuksa ds jgL; dks eSa le> ugha ik jgk FkkA eSa ml fo'kky
Hkou esa bèkj & mèkj ?kwerk gqvk ogk¡ ls Åij ds eafty esa lqlfTtr ,d dejs esa
çfo"V gqvkA ml d{k esa jktlHkk py jgh FkhA fofp= os"kHkw"kk ls lqlfTtr jktk
flagklu ij cSBk gqvk FkkA mlds ikl csar ds vkluksa ij ik¡p & N% eU=h cSBs gq;s
FksA cgqr yksx eqïksa ij cSBs gq;s FksAos f'kj ls iSj rd diM+ksa ls vkPNkfnr FksA ogk¡
,d ;g cM+h fofp=rk Fkh fd muds xys esa tusÅ ugha Fks vfirq dkSihu ¼VkbZ½
yVd jgs Fks ] mudh dykbZ ij dad.k ugh vfirq ?kfM+;k¡ c¡èkh FkhaA os mu ?kfM+;ksa
dks ckj ckj ns[k jgs Fks ] yxrk gS fd os ,slk eku jgs Fks fd blds u ns[kus ls
le; dh xfr gh #d tk;sxhA muds chp esa jktk cSBk gqvk FkkA ml jktk dh
xnZu yEch Fkh ] ukd m¡ph Fkh ] mlds vxy& cxy nks lfpo cSBs FksA muds
dkj.k ;g yxrk Fkk ekuks og rhu f'kj okyk gS rFkk mlds N% Hkqtk;sa gSaA mldh
Bqïh vfr fo'kky Fkh vkSj duifV;ksa dh gfì;k¡ ckgj fudyh gq;ha FkhaA mlds
lkeus tathjksa ls c¡èkh ,d L=h Fkh]tks NwVus dks NViVk jgh Fkh rFkk og jktk ml
L=h dks Øksèk ls ?kwj jgk FkkA og L=h ckj& ckj lk¡l [khprh vkSj NksMr+ h FkhA og
vfcUnqlqUnjh gksdj Hkh lkSUn;Z dh cw¡nsa Vidk jgh FkhA og çlUu gksdj Hkh volUu
Fkh ] 'kksP; gksdj Hkh og 'kqfpn'kZuk Fkh ] og O;k?kzksa ls f?kjh gfj.kh lh çrhr gks
jgh Fkh ] eaxy djus okyh gksdj Hkh vek¡xfyd oLrqvksa ls ifjosf"Vr lh yx jgh
FkhA mldh nsg —'k Fkh rFkkfi vius nsg dh dkfUr ls og èkjrh d, foLrkj iwjk
djrh lh yxrh FkhA pkjksa vksj ls j{kk iq#"kksa us mls ?ksj j[kk Fkk vkSj os mls
dksM+ksa ls ihV jgs FksA
O;kdj.k & fofp=os"kHkw"kkfoHkwf"kr% & fofp=os"kHkw"kkfHk% foHkwf"kr%] rRiq#"kA os=klus"kq
&os=L; vklus"kq ]"k"Bh rRiq#"kA "kM~ckgq% & "kM~ ckgoks ;L; l% ] cgqchz fgA

vga p pfdrks fufuZes"ku;ukH;ka rL;k% dj;qxyeok··yksd;e~A edjdksfVe;a rk–

'keso d³~d.k;qxya rL;k vfi djs foHkkfr ;Ue;k l| ,o tys fuefTtrk;k je.;k
mfRFkrs gLrs –"Veklhr~AçR;fHkKkçR;;su lSos;feR;klhn~ –<k es efr%A ijUrq ;k r=
tys fueXuk lk dFkfeg çkIrsfr fnXHkzkUrks·ga ;kor~ fdefi fuèkkZj;kfe] rkor~ l
220
 mik[;kuekfydk
jktk lglk fuok;Z us=;qxya rL;k yyuk;k onukn~ okeHkkx mifo"Va çèkkua ii`PN ek;kfouh& f}rh;
& vL;k ekfyU;k cUèkus vLekda oSQY;s dks gsrq% \ mik[;ku

'kCnkFkZ% & fufuZes"ku;ukH;ke~ ¾iyd >idk;s fcukA dj;qxye~ ¾ nksuks gkFkA

d³~d.k;qxye~ ¾ daxu ds tksM+sA fuefTtrk;k% ¾ Mwch gq;hA
vuqokn & eSa pfdr gksdj fu"iyd us=ksa ls ml L=h ds nksuks gkFkksa dks ns[kkA
mlds gkFk esa exj ds FkwFku ds leku mlh çdkj ds daxuksa dk tksM+k lq'kksfHkr gks
jgs Fks] tks esjs }kjk iwoZ esa ns[kh x;h L=h ds mBs gq;s gkFkks esa FksA mls igpku dj
eq>s ;g foÜokl gks x;k fd ;g ogh L=h gSA fdUrq tks ml le; ty esa fueXu
gks x;h Fkh og fQj ;gk¡ dSls vk;h] ;g lkspdj fnXHkzkUr gksdj eS tSls gh dqN
fu'p; djus dk ç;kl dj jgk Fkk] rHkh og jktk ml L=h ds eq[keaMy ls vk¡[ks
gVkdj ck;sa Hkkx esa cSBs lfpo ls iwNk & bl ekfyuh dks ck¡èkus esa gekjh
vlQyrk dk D;k dkj.k gS \
O;kdj.k & çR;fHkKkçR;;su & çR;fHkKk;k% çR;;su ] rRiq#"kA

ikÜokZsifo"V% çèkku% lçJ;a çksokp & Lokfeu~ ! eqgqèkkZfjrk·ih;a nq"Vk fuLljfr cfg%A
loZefi Lodh;a jltkrfe;a LofLeu~ l³~dksp;frA bnkuhfe;a o'kek;krkA bnkuha
lqc)kA bnkuha Do vi;kL;frA bnkuheL;k jlsu —f"ka] fo|qRk~] eg–f)a o`f)a çxfra
p çkIL;ke%A
jktksokp & d'kkfHkLrkMîrkfe;e~A b;erho p¥~pykA lq"Bq cè;rkfe;e~A
'kCnkFkZ & ikÜokZsifo"V% ¾ ikl esa cSBk gqvkA çèkku% ¾ çèkku lfpoA eqgqèkkZfjrk·fi
¾ ckj ckj ck¡èkh x;hA jltkre~ ¾ jl ¼ty½A lqc)k ¾ vPNh çdkj ck¡èk nh x;h
gSA
vuqokn & ikl esa cSBk gqvk çèkku lfpo lçJ; cksyk & Lokfeu~ ! ckj ckj ck¡èkh
x;h ;g nq"Vk ckgj fudy tkrh gSA vius lexz jl dks vius esa gh lesV ysrh
gSA vc ;g idM+ esa vk;h gSA vc bls vPNh rjg ls ck¡èk yh x;h gSA vc ;g
dgk¡ tk;sxhA vc blds jl ls ge —f"k] fctyh] _f) vkSj o`f) çkIr djsxAs
O;kdj.k & ikÜokZsifo"V% & ikÜoZ $ mifo"V%] xq.k lfUèkA èkkfjrk·fi & èkkfjrk $
vfi] nh?kZ lfUèkA

fu'kE; rnh;ekns'ka lsodk% lefèkdrja rka yko.;e;ha d#.ka yiUrha yyuka

d'kk?kkrSjrkM;u~A rL;k'phR—frfHk% iw;Zrso fuf[kyefi HkqoukHkksx'ppky p esfnuhA
Jkoa Jkoa p rPphR—rh% —rho jktk tgklArL;k'phR—rhjL;
pk·êgkleèkjhdqoZUuR;qPpsu Lojs.kk·ga pØUn & vjs] fdfefr ;w;elgk;ka yyukfeeka
=kl;Fk ekj;Fk pA dks·;elRl³~dYileqRFk m|ksxks ;q"ekdEk~] d'pk·usu ykHk% \
'kCnkFkZ & fu'kE; ¾ lqudjA rnh;e~ ¾ ml jktk dsA d'kk?kkrS% ¾ dksM+ksa lsA
221
 phR—frfHk% ¾ phRdkjksa lsA HkqoukHkksx% ¾ Hkqou ds foLrkj dksA
vuqokn & mlds vkns'k dks lqu dj lsodksa us ml yko.;e;h ] d#.k foyki dj
jgh yyuk dks dksM+ksa ls ihVuk 'kq: fd;kA ml yyuk dh phRdkj ls lexz Hkqou
Hkj x;k ] i`Foh Mksyus yxhA ml yyuk ds phRdkj dks lqu lqu dj vius dks —
r—R; ekurk gqvk og jktk g¡l jgk FkkA ml yyuk ds phRdkj rFkk bl jktk ds
vêgkl dks nckrk gqvk eSa vfr mPpLoj ls ØUnu djrk gqvk cksyk & vjs ! vki
yksx bl vlgk; yyuk dks D;ksa lrk vkSj ekj jgs gSaA;g vlRladYi ls mRiUu
;g rqe yksxksa dk dSlk m|ksx gS\ blls D;k ykHk gS \

bfr fuxnfr ef; lglSo LQwtZn'kfulglzlEikra iq"djkorZdrqeqyuknl³~?kkra

Hkw'pdEisA e'kd &TojxzLrfeo Hkqoue.MyeosirA v;s ! fdesrRk~] dks uke ee
flagklua çpky;rhfr ØUnekuks jktk HkwekS iikrA HkwdEiks HkwdEi bfr onUrks
fu;Z;qeZfU=.kLrLekr~ d{kkr~A rfLeu~ egfr tulEenZs lajEHks dksykgys p d% fda
djksfr] fda dFk;rhfr uk·getkuke~A dkfUn'khd bo brLrrks xPNu~ egrk tukS?ksu
okfjrLrfLeUuso d{ks dUnqd bo brLrrks fuf{kIr% DofpnqfR{kIr% DofpfUuikfrr
phRdkjHkjS% dksykgySuZ fdefi 'k`.ou~ ok tuku~ ok fpja pfdr bo fpUrkpfpZrfpÙk
bo vkorZxzLr bo rrZqe & tkufUuo mYyksyohfplewgSfjoksRikfrrks fuikfrrks uhr%
dFka p rLekn~ Hkoukn~ cfgjk;kr bfr uk·ge &tkuke~A
'kCnkFkZ & fuxnfr ¾ dgus ijA lglSo ¾ vpkud ghA LQwtZn'kfulglzlEikre~
¾ lSdM+ks fctfy;ksa dk dM+drs gq;s ,d lkFk fxjukA iq"djkorZdrqeqyuknl³~?kkre~
¾ çy; dkyhu iq"djkorZd vkfn esa?kksa dh xtZuk ds lekuA e'kdTojxzLrfeo¾
eysfj;k cq[kkj ls xzLr O;fä dh rjgA tulEenZs ¾ yksxksa dh HkhM+ esaA
mYyksyohfplewgS% ¾ mNy jgh rjaxksa ds lewg lsA
vuqokn & eSa ,slk dg gh jgk Fk fd vpkud gh Hkwfe dk¡ius yxhA ,slk yxk ekuks
lSdM+ksa fctfy;k¡ dM+d& dM+d dj fxj jgha gSa] ekuks çy;dky esa ?ku?kksj o`f"V
djus okys iq"djkorZd vkfn es?k ,d lkFk xjt mBs gksaA ml le; lEiw.kZ lalkj
,sls dk¡i jgk Fkk ekuks dksbZ eysfj;k cq[kkj ls xzLr dksbZ O;fä dk¡i jgk gksA vjs !
;g D;k gks jgk gS \ esjs flagklu dks dkSu fgyk jgk gS] ;g ØUnu djrk gqvk
jktk i`Foh ij fxj iM+kA & HkwdEi vkx;k ] HkwdEi vkx;k & ;g dgrs gq;s eU=h
ml dejs ds ckgj Hkkxus yxsA ml fo'kky HkwyHkqyS;k vkSj dksykgy esa eq>s ;g
irk gh ugha pyk fd dkSu D;k dg jgk gS rFkk dkSu D;k dj jgk gSA ml HkhM+ esa
pyrk gqvk eSa bèkj mèkj pyrk gqvk xsan dh rjg bl dejs ls ml dejs esa Qsdk
tkus yxkA eq>s dksbZ mBkrk] dksbZ fxjkrkA eSa phRdkjHkjs dksykgy esa dqN Hkh ugha
lqu ik jgk Fkk ] dqN Hkh ugha tku ik jgk FkkA cgqr nsj rd rd pfdr dh rjg]
fpUrk ls O;kIr fpÙk okyk eSa Hk¡oj esa Q¡lk gqvk rFkk rSjuk u tkuus okys dh rjg
mNy jgh ygjksa ls mBk;k vkSj fxjk;k tkrk gqvk eSa ml Hkou ls dSls ckgj
vkx;k] ;g eSa ugha tku ik;kA
O;kdj.k & lglSo & lglk $ ,o ] o`f) lfUèkA HkqouE.Mye~ ¾ HkqouL; e.Mye~]
rRiq#"kA tulEenZs ¾ tukuka lEenZs ] rRiq#"kA
222
 mik[;kuekfydk
ek;kfouh& f}rh;
mik[;ku
bl bdkbZ esa dfooj jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh us vkt foÜo ds lkeus mifLFkr i;kZoj.k
dh foHkhf"kdk dk fp=.k fd;k gSA ekfyuh tSlh vusd ufn;ksa dks ck¡èk dj ekuo us
muds vfLrRo dks lekIr dj fn;k gSA dfo us unh dks lqUnj L=h ds :i esa
fpf=r fd;k gS rFkk mls ck¡èkus okyks dks mUgksaus Hk;kud Lo:i çnku fd;k gSA
vkius ns[kk gS fd lwr th vius xk¡o x;s FksA os eqfu;ksa ls crkrs gSa fd Þ eSa ogk¡
tkdj egku~ ladV esa iM+ x;kA cgqr cM+h dFkk gSA tSlk ns[kk vkmj tSlk vc
;kn gS] oSlk lqukmaxkA vxj rqe yksxksa dh ftKklk gS rks lqfu;s Þ&
xk¡o esa igq¡p dj eSus lc dqN cnyk lk ns[kkA tgk¡ >jus çokfgr gksrs Fks ] ogk¡
lw[kh rFkk xeÊ ls QVh èkjrh Fkh] tgk¡ cM+s cM+s o`{k vkdk'k dks pwers Fks ] ogk¡
vusd iDds edku cu x;s gSAa dsoy Å¡ph igkM+h dks ns[kdj ] ;g ogh xk¡o gS ]
;g le> esa vkrk gSA igys blh Å¡ph igkM+h ds ikl ls gh ekfyuh unh cgk
djrh Fkh] mlh igkM+h ds Åij xzkensork fojkteku FkhA og iRFkj dh gksdj Hkh
ltho dh rjg Fkh] mldh vk¡[ks dkSM+h dh cuh Fkha ij og~ lc dqN ns[krh Fkh vkSj
xk¡o dk ;ksx{kse ogu djrh gq;h fojkteku FkhAvc ml igkM+h ds Åij og nsoh
ugha FkhA mlds LFkku ij dksbZ cM+k nsoky; cu x;k gSA
eSa unh dks [kkstrk jgkA tks igys ges'kk Hkjh jgrh Fkh] xksrk ek= yxkus ls iwjh
nsg dks ugyk nsrh Fkh] ge f'k'kqvksa ds eq[k dks vius ygjksa ds gkFkksa ls èkksrh Fkh
rFkk gekjs mNydwn vkSj xksrk [kksjh dks lgu djrh Fkh] tks xk¡o ls nwj] igkM+h ds
pkjks vksj vkSj ou ds chp ls cgrh Fkh] og vc dgk¡ foyqIr gks x;h \
ek;kfouh & mik[;ku dk ;g dqN gh va'k ;gk çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bldk lexz
vè;;u vkidks ewy iqLrd ls djuk pkfg;sA çR;sd bdkbZ dh lhek fuèkkZfjr gksus
ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh vk[;ku dks ;gk¡ iwjk ugha fn;k tk ldkA bl bdkbZ esa vkius
tksb i<+k gS mlds vkxs dk o.kZu ;g gS fd lwr th ds ml Hkou ls ckgj vkrs gh
ogk¡ egku~ foLQksV gqvk vkSj og Hkou èoLr gks x;kA ml VsdM+h ds ihNs fo'kky
ty èkkjk cgrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;g ns[k dj lwr th ml vksj nkSM+rs gSa fdUrq ogk¡
mUgsa ty dh èkkjk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhA ogh L=h mUgsa utj vkrh gS ftls mUgksaus
igys tathjksa ls tdM+h ns[kk FkkA lglk ogk¡ vkjf{kny vkrk gS rFkk lwr th dks
foLQksV djus okyk vt+heqYyk le> dj idM+ ysrk gSA lwr th dh cgqr dgus
rFkk vius dks funkZs"k fl) djus ds ckn Hkh os mUgsa ugha NksM+rsA os lc lwr dks
?klhrus yxrs gSa lwr dks xk¡o dh vksj ystkrs gSaA lwr dks ogk¡ dqN tkuk igpkuk
lk yxrk gS vkSj os nsoh fuEcorh dks ç.kke djrs gSaA ogk¡ dqN ?kj Hkh mUgsa tkus
igpkus ls yxrs gSaA fdlh cw<+s dh tekur ij iqfyl lwr dks NksM+rh gS fdUrq lwr
vkSj cM+h foifÙk esa Q¡l tkrs gSAa fdlh ek;kfouh L=h ds }kjk os lrk;s tkrs gSaA
cgqr fnuksa rd ogk¡ jg dj os eqfu;ksa ds ikl iqu% igqprs gSaA

tjn~xoksik[;kue~ ¾ iwokZsä tjn~xoksik[;ku

JkUrks·fLe ¾ Fkdk gw¡
223
 foJkE;kfe ¾ foJke djrk gw¡
vuqtkuUrq ¾ vuqefr nsa
vki`PNekue~ ¾ tkus dh vuqefr ek¡x jgs
foxr% ¾ chr x;k
v"Vk'khfrlglze~ ¾ vLlh gtkj
tks"ke~ ¾ 'kkUr
uSfe"ke~ ¾ uSfe"kkj.;

1- laL—r lkfgR; dk lexz bfrgkl ] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] Hkkjrh; cqd dkikZsjs'ku]

fnYyh] 2018
2- mik[;kuekfydk] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] çfrHkk çdk'ku] fnYyh] 1999
3- lkfgR;niZ.k] foÜoukFk] okjk.klh] 2004
4- vkèkqfud laL—r x| lkfgR;] dykukFk 'kkL=h] jk"Vªh; laL—r laLFkku] ubZ
fnYyh
5- vkèkqfud laL—r lkfgR; lUnHkZ lwph] jk"Vªh; laL—r laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh

1- ek;fouh & mik[;ku ls dfo dks D;k vfHkçsr gS \

2- bl vè;;u ds vkèkkj ij orZeku i;kZoj.k ladV ij çdk'k Mkfy;sA
3- lwr dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu dhft;s
4- bl o.kZu ds vkèkkj ij vkt dh ufn;ksa rFkk xk¡oksa dk fp=.k dhft;sA
5- bl bdkbZ dk lkjk¡'k vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k;sA

1- vkèkqfud laL—r x| lkfgR;] dykukFk 'kkL=h] jk"Vªh; laL—r laLFkku] ubZ

fnYyh
2- vkèkqfud laL—r lkfgR; lUnHkZ lwph] jk"Vªh; laL—r laLFkku] ubZ fnYyhA

224
17-1 mís';
17-2 çLrkouk
17-3 lwr dk uSfe"kkj.; vkxeu
17-4 lkjka'k
17-5 'kCnkoyh
17-6 lUnHkZ xzUFk
17-7 vH;kl iz'u
17-8 lgk;d mi;ksxh ikB~;lkexzh

bl bdkbZ ds vè;;u ls vki %

• orZeku dky esa f'k{kk dh leL;kvksa dks tku ldsaxAs
• vfHkKku'kkdqUry ds çrhd ls dfo }kj ladsfrr lkekftd fo"k;ksa dks tku
ldsaxAs
• laL—r x| dk vkèkqfud Lo:i tku ldsaxAs
• laL—r Hkk"kk dh ;qxkuq:irk dks tku ldsaxAs

iwoZ bdkbZ esa vkius ek;kfouh mik[;ku ds ekè;e ls ;g tkuk fd vkt dh

e'khujh gekjs i;kZoj.k dks iw.kZr% u"V dj jgh gSA ufn;k¡ lw[k jgha gSa ] egku~
ufn;ksa dks ck¡èk dj muds vfLrRo dks feVk;k tk jgk gSA vfHkKku'kkdqUry 'kh"kZd
bl bdkbZ esa vki vkt dh f'k{kkO;oLFkk esa O;kIr vfu;ferrk dks tku ldsaxAs
vkt dh f'k{kkO;oLFkk ls gekjh laL—fr Hkh fNUu fHkUu gks jgh gSA
vfHkKku'kkdqUry 'kh"kZd bl bdkbZ esa ewyxzUFk dk lEiw.kZ va'k ugha fn;k tk
ldrk ] vr% vki bl mik[;ku dks ewyxzUFk ls i<+Asa

ek;kfoU;qik[;kua Jkof;Rok iqujfi df¥~pRdkya lwrks·n'kZua xr%A equ;ks·fi rs

'kkSudkn;ks ukL; eg"kZs% lwrL; iqjso iqjkdFkkfndFkus #fpoZrZr bfr fofpUR; rkVLF;a
xrk%A ;qxk vrhrk%A equ;LRo|kfi uSfe"ks lfUrA lwrks u r= HkofrA equ;ks
ekSuekyEC; fLFkrk%A lwr vkxfe";fr ok u osfr rs u tkufUrA ,dnk rq
ukfrnwjksfnrs uoufyunylEiqVfHkfn lforfj LoLodqyk;ku~ R;tRlq fog³~xes"kq
225
 foèkk; çkr%loua fuo`Ùks"kq eqfu"kq lglk d'pu tuks uSfe"ka fo'kUu–';rA 'kkSud
vkg& equ;%! ifjfprk·I;ifjfprso dkI;k—frnZ̀';rsA fda dqeZ%A cgks% dkykr~
loZSjLekfHkjuqHkw;rs ;UuSfe"ka fufe"kek=efi u LFkkrqegZfenkuhEk~A v= egku~ çR;ok;k%
ijkirfUrA rnU;fLeu~ xzgs u{k=s ok olfra dYi;ke%A
v'khfrlglzeqfu"kq v'edqêks uke eqfu% lglksPpkStZxkn&equ!s vya Hk;suA ,o
rkonLekda fpjifjfpr% lwr ,o lek;kfrA JqRok cgwuka equhuka d.BsH;ks fuLllkj
leosrks egku~ ukn% & vjs] dFke;a u% lwr _f"kjso! 'kkSud% lwra ii`PN&equs! ds;a
Hkorks·oLFkk%\ eqfuos'ka ifjR;t loZrkA uohua ifjèkkuEk~] bneqius=Ek~] ik'pkÙ;kuhekfu
oL=kf.k% ;|fi fdfeo fg eèkqjk.kka e.Mua uk—rhukfefr lR;eqäa egkdfouk]
ijURoifjp;kUuS"k os"k% f'y";fr uks eu%lq&bfrA
'kCnkFkZ& ek;kfoU;qik[;kue~ ¾ ek;kfouh mik[;ku ] Jkof;Rok ¾ lquk dj]
uoufyunylEiqVfHkfn ¾ u;s deyksa ds lEiqV dks f[kykus okys ]lforfj ¾ lw;Z ]
LoLodqyk;ku~ ¾ vius &vius ?kkslyksa dks ] fog³~xes"kq ¾ i{kh ] fufe"kek=efi ¾
{k.k Hkj HkhA
vuqokn & ek;kfouh & mik[;ku lqukus ds ckn lwr th dqN le; ds fy;s dgha
pys gks x;sA 'kkSud vkfn eqfu;ksa dks Hkh ;g yxus yxk fd lwr th dh vc igys
dh rjg vk[;ku&mik[;ku lqukus esa #fp ugha jg xbZ] vr% os eqfu tu Hkh mudh
vksj ls rVLFk gks x;sA ;qx chr x;sA eqfu tu rks vHkh Hkh uSfe"k esa gSa] lwr th gh
ogk¡ ugha jgrsA eqfu vc ogk¡ ekSu lkèk dj jgus yx x;s gSaA mUgsa ;g Hkh Kkr
ugha fd vc lwr th vk;saxs ;k ughaA ,d ckj dey dh ia[kqfM+;ksa ds iqV dks
[kksyus okys lw;Znso tc mx gh jgs Fks] i{kh vius&vius ?kksalyksa dks NksM+dj tk gh
jgs Fks rFkk eqfutu çkr%lUè;k dj ds fuo`Ùk gks gh jgs Fks fd mUgsa dksbZ O;fä
uSfe"kkj.; esa ços'k djrk gqvk lk fn[kkbZ fn;kA 'kkSud th us dgk – gs eqfutu !
dksbZ ifjfpr lh yxrh gqbZ Hkh vifjfpr lh vk—fr bèkj vk jgh gSA D;k djsa]
cgqr le; ls ge ;g vuqHko dj jgs gSa fd uSfe"kkj.; vc ,d fues"k ds fy;s Hkh
gekjs jgus ds ;ksX; ugha cpkA ;gk¡ cM+s – cM+s fo?u mifLFkr gksus yxs gSaA gesa vc
fdlh vkSj xzg u{k= ij tk dj jguk pkfg;sA vëklh gtkj eqfu;ksa esa ls ,d
v'edqê uke ds eqfu FksA mUgksaus vpkud rhoz Loj esa dgk – gs eqfutu ! Hk; er
dfj;sA ;s rks gekjs fpjifjfpr lwr th gh pys vk jgs gSaA
;g lqudj vusd eqfu;ksa ds daB ls ,d lkFk ;gh Loj fudyk & ;s rks gekjs lwr
th gh gSaA
'kkSud th us lwr th ls iwNk & gs eqfuoj ! vkidh ;g n'kk D;ksa gS\ eqfuos'k
R;kx dj loZFkk uohu ifjèkku vkius xzg.k dj fy;k gS] vkius p'ek yxk j[kk gS
vkSj fons'khos'k –Hkw"kk èkkj.k dj j[ks gSaA oLrqr% tks lqUnj yksx gksrs gSa mu ij lc
dqN vPNk yxrk gS & ;g ckr egkdfo dkfynkl us Bhd dgh gS] fQj Hkh
vifjp; ds dkj.k ;g os'k gesa vki ds Åij vPNk ugha yx jgkA
O;kdj.k & ek;kfoU;qik[;kue~ ¾ ek;kfoU;k mik[;kue~ ] ek;kfoU;qik[;kue~ ] "k"Bh
rRiq#"kA uoufyunylEiqVfHkfn ¾ uoufyukuka deykuka lEiqVa fHkuÙkhfr rfLeu~A
lforfj ¾ lIreh ,d opuA

226
eqfu;ksa dk lwr th ls dFkk lqukus dk vkxzg djuk &
lwr vkg&equ;%] dkyks·;a loZa ifjorZ;frA ;s dkyØes.k u ifjorZUrs] rs
RoUrrks·Ureso ;kfUrA vgefi dFka rFkkHkwr% LFkkrqa 'kDuq;kEk~\ bnkuhega foÜofo|ky;s
çkè;kidks·fLeA os"kHkw"k;k dkea ifjofrZrLrFkkfi rkeso fo|ka lefèkdrja euks;ksxus
ikB;kfe] ;k·uwpkusH;ks·fèkxrkA vr ,o l ,okfLe lwr bfr HkoUrks eU;UrkEk~A
lwrL; opueusds equ;ks uksjh—roUr%A rFkkfi cgoLra iwoZonso
cgqekuiqjLljefèkO;klklueqios'; ''equs dF;rka LothouxrSo dFksR;uqjksèkedk"kZq%A
'kCnkFkZ & dkyks·;e~ ¾ ;g le;A rFkkHkwr% ¾ ml çdkj dkA os"kHkw"k;k ¾ os"kHkw"kk
lsA ifjofrZr% ¾ cny tkukA vuwpkusH;% ¾ iwoZ fo}kuksa lsA
vuqokn & lwr th cksys & gs eqfu;ks ! ;g dky lc dqN cny nsrk gSA tks
dkyØe ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr ugha gksrs] os vUrr% lekIr gh gks tkrs gSaA eSa Hkh dSls
fcuk cnys jg ldrk gw¡A vc eSa foÜofo|ky; esa çkè;kid gw¡A eSa os"kHkw"kk ls Hkys gh
cny x;k gw¡ rFkkfi mlh fo|k dks euks;ksx ls i<+krk gw¡ ] tks gesa iwoZ fo}kuksa ls
çkIr gq;h gSA blfy;s eSa ogh lwr gw¡ ] ;g vki yksx Lohdkj djsAa dqN eqfu;ksa us
lwr ds opuksa dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k rFkkfi cgqrksa us igys dh Hkk¡fr mUgsa vknj
iwoZd O;klklu esa cSBkdj muls vius gh thou dh dFkk dgus dk vkxzg fd;kA
O;kdj.k & dkyØes.k ¾ r`rh;k ,dopu] RoUrr% ¾ rq $ vUrr%& ;.k~ lfUèkA
uksjhroUr% ¾ u $ Åjh—roUr% & xq.klfUèkA vfèkO;klklue~ ¾ O;klklus bfr
vfèkO;klklue~ & vO;;hHkko leklA
lwr dk dFkk lqukuk &
lwr mokp & uohu;So 'kSY;k lEçfr dFkka Loh;ka ok ijdh;ka ok dFkf;";kfeA
Jw;rkEA
'kS'ko ,o efRir`iknk% eka nsoiqjLFks xq#dqys fuf{kIroUr%A vkjkr~ xq#dqyeHkwnfrxgua
ouEA r=So e;snEçFker;k foyksfdrk gfj.kk% foJCèka fopjUr%A 'k'kk vfi r= e;k
–"Vk xqYesH;% ljUrfLrjksHkoUr%A o"kkZlq e;wjkLr= u`R;Urks·–';UrA 'kdqUrykfi e;k
r=So lk{kkR—rkA
'kdqUryk;k vfHkKkus·yegeHkwofeR;= gsrqjklhPNkdqUryL; ikB%A {khjd.Bsu e;k
xq#H;ks fcH;rk·fi NUua rnkuhefHkKku'kkdqUryeikfB] lk{kkPp rRçHkkokr~ 'kdqUryk
O;yksfdA
thoua 'kkdqUrya p ijLijs.k foçfrf"k)sA ijUrq rfLeu~ dS'kkS;Zs·ga rq 'kkdqUrya
Lothoua p feFkquh—R;k·i';Ek~A fo#)cqf)lEHksnknfoosfprlEIyoa thou'kkdqUrya
rnkuha e;k·uqHkwrEk~A
vèkquk ikB;kfe LukrdksÙkjd{kk;k'Nk=ku~ ;r~ dkfynklks foØekfnR;L; dkys ok
xqIrdkys ok cHkwoA r= eek·fi 'kksèkdk;Za orZrAs rnkuha rq dkfynklks·fi v|ru%
'kdqUryk·I;|ruh ,o çrh;k;A
xq#dqyegeR;tfeR;=kfi gsrqjklhPNkdqUryesoA fpjUrufeJl–'kkuka ri%iwrkuka
xq#pj.kkukega dksiHkktua tkr bfr bR;=k·fi 'kkdqUryeso dkj.kEk~A
vgekèkqfudf'k{kki)freuql`R; foÜofo|ky;s·èkhR; lEçR;qPpinHkkd~ tkr bR;=kfi
'kkdqUryeso fufeÙka eU;sA 227
 'kCnkFkZ & efRir`iknk% ¾ esjs firk th usA foJCèke~ ¾ fuMj gksdjA fcH;rk ¾ Mjrs
gq;As fo#)cqf)lEHksnkn~ ¾ fo#) cqf) ds lEHksn lsA ri%iwrkuke~ ¾ riL;k ls
ifo=A
vuqokn & lwr th us dgk & uohu 'kSyh esa eSa viuh ;k nwljksa dh dFkk lqukrk
gw¡A vki yksx lqusaA
tc eSa f'k'kq Fkk rHkh esjs firk us eq>s nsoiqj ds xq#dqy esa i<+us ds fy;s Hkst fn;k
FkkA xq#dqy ds vklikl ?kuk taxy FkkA mlh taxy esa eSaus igys&igy gfj.kksa dks
fuMj gksdj ?kwers ns[kkA >kfM+;ksa esa ls rst xfr ls Hkkxrs [kjxks'k Hkh ogha ns[ksA
o"kkZ ds le; ogk¡ eksj ukprs fn[kkbZ iM+ tkrs FksA ogha eSaus 'kdqUryk ls lk{kkRdkj
fd;k FkkA
thou vkSj 'kkdqUry ;s nksuksa ijLij fojksèkh ckrsa gSaA ij ml fd'kksjkoLFkk esa eSa
thou vkSj 'kkdqUry dks feyk dj ns[krk FkkA ijLij foijhr cksèk bl rjg fey
x;s Fks fd mudk ?kkyesy irk ugha pyrk Fkk] bl rjg thou 'kkdqUry cu x;k
Fkk vkSj 'kkdqUry thouA
vc eSa ,e-,- ds Nk=ksa dks i<+krk gw¡] rks crkrk gw¡ fd dkfynkl foØekfnR; ds
le; esa gq, Fks] vFkok xqIrdky esa gq, FksA esjk Hkh bl fo"k; esa 'kksèkdk;Z gS ij
ml le; rks yxrk Fkk fd dkfynkl Hkh vkt ds gh gSa ] vkSj 'kdqUryk Hkh vkt
dh gSA
eSaus xq#dqy NksM+k & blesa dkj.k Fkk 'kkdqUryA fpjUrufeJ tSls ri%iwr xq#pj.k
dh dksi–f"V eq> ij iM+h & blesa Hkh 'kkdqUry gh dkj.k FkkA vkèkqfud f'k{kk
i)fr ls vè;;u djds eSa foÜofo|ky; esa çkè;kid gks ldk & blesa Hkh 'kkdqUry
dks gh fufeÙk ekurk gw¡A
O;kdj.k & uohu;So ¾ uohu;k $ ,o & o`f) lfUèkA u`R;Urks·–';Ur ¾ u`R;Ur%
$v–';Ur] iwoZ:i lfUèkA dksiHkktue~ ¾ dksiL; Hkktue~ & rRiq#"k leklA
bneqik[;kua enh;So thouxkFkk orZrs mr 'kdqUryk;k dFksfr u tkukfeA
'kdqUryk;k% Lekja Lekjega xq#dqyL; LejkfeA xq#dqyLe`R;k lgSoksnsfr
fpjUrufeJk.kka 'kkfyxzke'kqDykuka gfjjkeL; p Le`fr%A
fpjUrufeJkLr=klu~ çèkkuk xqjo%A bnkuha rs Do lfUr\ gfjjke% lwp;fr ;r~ xrk
xq#iknk gj}kjEk~A rs gfjjkeL; Üolqjk% lfUrA gfjjkeL; ÜoJwjLekda xq#iRuh ok
rkaLrFkk [ksfnrorh ;r~ rs R;ä~ok x`ga laU;kle³~xh—roUr%A xq#Hkk;kZ rq orZrsA lk
ru;su tuknZusu lkèkZa fuolfrA tuknZuks tux.kukfoHkkxs fyfidks orZrsA
egkif.Mrkuka çkr%Lej.kh;kuka fpjUrufeJk.kka ru;%A lk ikjEifjdha fo|ka loZFkk
foLe`R; tux.kukif¥~tdklq thoua {ki;frA lk;³~dkys ;nk x`ga ijkorZr]s rnk
efnjkenkoèkwrks HkofrA fookgLrL; dkfjr vklhn~ xq#pj.kSf'pjUrufeJSjsoA Hkk;kZ
rL; LoÜoÜokZ% vR;kpkjku~ iR;q'p efnjkO;kl³~xelgekuk··Rek?kkra —Rok eekjA
vèkquk·ija rL; fookga fpUr;fr xq#iRuhA ijUrq ddZ'kk;kLrL;k% ç—fra tuknZuL;
p efnjko'kofrZRoeocqè; u dks·fi lTtu% LodU;ka rLeS nkrqeqRlgrsA ,rr~ loZa
e;k foKkra gfjjkeeq[kknsoA tuknZuLrL; ';ky ,oA

228
xq#dqys·U;k xqjo vklu~ 'kkfyxzke'kqDyk%A rs RoS"keks fno³~xrk bfr gfjjkes.kSo
lwfprEk~A fnfo rs lfUr mrk·U;fLeu~ yksd bfr uk·ga oäqa {ke%A fuèkukr~ çkd~ rs
fof{kIrk vHkwoUk~A vuojrekdk'ks fdefi è;k;Ur% lglk·i'kCnklkja Loonukn~ oo"kZq%A
'kCnkFkZ & Lekja Lekje~ ¾ Lej.k dj dj dsA xq#iRuh ¾ xq# dh iRuhA
efnjkO;kl³~xe~ ¾ efnjk iku djus dh vknrA ddZ'kk;k% ¾ ddZ'kk dhA
efnjko'kofÙkZRoe~ ¾ efnjk ds o'khHkwrA fuèkukr~ çkd~ ¾ e`R;q ls igysA fof{kIrk% ¾
ikxyA vi'kCnklkje~ ¾ vi'kCnksa dh >M+hA Loonukn~ ¾ vius eq[k lsA
vuqokn & ;g mik[;ku esjh thouxkFkk gS ;k 'kdqUryrk dh & ;g eSa ugha
tkurkA 'kdqUryk dks ;kn djrs&djrs eSa xq#dqy dks ;kn djrk gw¡A xq#dqy dh
Le`fr ls cM+s xq# th fpjUrufeJ th dh rknsa Hkh tqM+h gq;h gSaA 'kkfyxzke 'kqDy th
dh vkSj gfjjke dh Le`fr;k¡ Hkh xq#dqy ls tqM+h gq;h gSaA
fpjUru feJ th xq#dqy ds çèkku xq# FksA vc os dgk¡ gksax\s gfjjke crkrk gS fd
xq#th gj}kj pys x;s gSaA os gfjjke ds llqj gSaA gfjjke dh lkl & vFkkZr~ gekjh
xq#ekrk ¼fpjUru feJ dh iRuh ½ us mUgsa bruk rax fd;k fd os vUr esa ?kj
NksM+dj laU;klh gks x;sA xq#ekrk vHkh thfor gSaA os vius csVs tuknZu ds lkFk
jgrh gSaA tuknZu tux.kukfoHkkx esa DydZ gSA brus egku~ iafMr çkr%Lej.kh;
fpjUrufeJ dkiq= og viuh lkjh ikjEifjd fo|k dks Hkwy dj tux.kuk dh
Qkbyksa esa thou [kik jgk gSA 'kke dks tc ?kj ykSVrk gS] rks 'kjkc ds u'ks esa èkqr
jgrk gSA mldk C;kg rks xq#th us & fpjUru feJ th] us igys djk fn;k Fkk] ij
mldh iRuh viuh lkl ¼gekjh xq#ekrk½ ds vR;kpkjksa vkSj ifr dh 'kjkc dh yr
dks lgu ugha dj ik;h] vkSj vkRegR;k dj ds py clhA vc xq#ekrk csVs dk
nwljk C;kg jpkuk pkgrh gSaA ij ml ddZ'kk ds LoHkko vkSj tuknZu dh 'kjkc[kksjh
dh ckr tku dj dksbZ Hkh lTtu ml ?kj esa viuh csVh ugha nsuk pkgrkA
;s lc ckrsa eq>s gfjjke ds eq[k ls gh irk pyh FkhaA tuknZu mldk lkyk tks gSA
xq#dqy esa nwljs xq#th Fks & 'kkfyxzke 'kqDyA os bl lky LoxZoklh gks x;s & ;g
Hkh gfjjke us gh crk;kA os LoxZ esa gSa] ;k vkSj fdlh yksd esa] ;g rks eq>s irk ugha
gSA e`R;q ds ifgys os fof{kIr gks x;s FksA yxkrkj vkdk'k esa rkdrs jgrs vkSj eqg
ls vpkud xkfy;ksa dh ckSNkj djus yxrs FksA
gfjjkeks xq#Hkfxuha fpjUrufeJk.kka nqfgrjeuqdEikeqi;seAs l Loxzkes fuolfrA
fir`fir`O;knhuka egrh —f"kHkwfeLrL; gLrlkn~ HkwrkA xzkes rL; opZLoEk~A vkjkr~
çl`ra ;tekuRoEA usr`fHk% lEidkZs·I;fLrA loZs"kka o`ÙkelkS tkukfr] cgq Hkk"krs
;FkkiwoZEk~] HkwfefodklcS³~dL;k·è;{kineI;y³~djksfrA
'kCnkFkZ & nqfgrje~ ¾ iq=h dksA fir`fir`O;knhuke~ ¾ cki nknksa dhA gLrlkr~ ¾
çkIrA opZLoe~ ¾ çHkkoA ;FkkiwoZe~ ¾ igys tSlAs
vuqokn & gfjjke es xq#Hkfxuh ] fpjUru feJ dh iq=h vuqdEik ds lkFk fookg
fd;k FkkA og vius xk¡o esa jg jgk gSA cki nknksa dh cM+h —f"kHkwfe mls çkIr gq;h
gSA xk¡o esa mldk opZLo gSA loZ= QSyk gqvk ;tekuRo gSA usrkvksa ls mldk
lEidZ gSA og lHkh ds ckjs esa tkurk gSA og igys tSls vR;fèkd xIi ekjrk gS
rFkk Hkwfefodkl cSad dk vè;{k in vya—r dj jgk gSA
229
 O;kdj.k & xq#Hkfxuh ¾ xqjks% lEcUèkkr~ HkfxuhA ;FkkiwoZe~ ¾ iwoZa ;Fkk ] vO;;hHkko
leklA nqfgrje~ ¾ f}rh;k ,dopuA
xzkea rra fud"kSo orZrs y{e.kiqjEk~A vFk ,o çk;'kks·lkS y{e.kiqjeI;k;kfrA ;nk
vk;kfr] rnk en~x`gs·o';efrFkh;frA vkfnolelkS uxjs HkzkE;fr] rSLrStZuSfeZyfr]
jk=kS en~x`gekxR; leLrL; y{e.kiqjL;] LoL; xzkeL; p okrkZ% Jko;frA Jkoa
JkoelkS fuxnUuso fuækèkhuks HkofrA xq#dqys ;s Nk=k xqjo'pklUk~] rs"kkefi fda fda
o`Ùkfefr dnkfpr~ ;FkkLe`fr gfjjke% dFk;frA
dsoya 'kdqUryk;k'p;kZa u djksfr gfjjke%A 'k³~ds·ga ;r~ l tkukfr dq=kLrs
'kdqUrykA 'kdqUrykfo"k;da ee nkScZY;eoxPNUusoklkS rf}"k;s ekSueoyEcrsA
xq#dqya rRk~\ ;fLeu~ xq#dqys·ga p gfjjke'pkUrsokflukS vkLrka] rÙkq lEçfr ukfLrA
brks·LekfHkLR;äa xq#dqyfer'p ns'k% letfu LorU=%A LorU=rkçkfIrleuUrja
xq#dqya ld"Va lkojksèk leqPN~oflfr LeA dFkf¥~pr~ çkf.kfr LeA iqjk HkwfeèkjSLrL;
—rs xzkeL;SdL;k;% çÙkeklhRA rsu çèkkukpk;kZ.kka fpjUrufeJk.kka 'kkfyxzke'kqDykuka
çcUèkdkua lkèkq'kj.kflagkukeU;s"kka osrua rFkSo xq#dqyokfluka nfjæPNk=k.kka p
Hkkstukfndenh;rA ;nk foÙkjkf'kU;Zwuk;rs] rnk çkèkkukè;kidkf'pjUrfeJk% Loosrusu
nfjæPNk=k.kka —rs Hkkstukfnda O;oLFkki;fUr] rR—rs p 'k`.ofUr lefèkdjrja
Hkk;kZ;kLrtZueqikyEHkua pA
'kCnkFkZ & xzkee~ ¾ xk¡o dsA vfrFkh;fr ¾ vfrfFk ds :i esa jguk ] vkfrF;
Lohdkj djukA vkfnole~ ¾ lEiw.kZ fnuA Jkoa Jkoe~ ¾ lqu lqu djA p;kZ ¾
lsokA nkScZY;e~ ¾ nqcZyrkA
vuqokn & mldk xk¡o y[kuÅ ds fudV gh gSA blfy;s og çk;% y[kuÅ pyk
vkrk gSA tc vkrk gS] rks esjs ?kj esa esgekuh t:j djrk gSA fnu Hkj esa 'kgj esa
?kwerk jgrk gS] irk ugha fdl&fdl ls feyrk gS] vkSj jkr dks esjs ?kj vk dj
vius xk¡o ds vkSj lkjs y[kuÅ ds fdLls og lqukrk jgrk gSA dsoy 'kdqUryk dh
dksbZ ppkZ ugha djrk gfjjkeA eq>s 'kadk gS fd 'kdqUryk dk vrk&irk ekywe gS
mlsA ij 'kdqUryrk ds ckjs esa esjh detksjh dks tku dj gh og bl fo"k; esa pqi
jgrk gSA xq#dqy esa tks&tks xq#tu vkSj Nk= Fks & os vc dgk¡ gS\a & D;k dj
jgs gSa & ;g lc gfjjke dks irk gS vkSj eq>s muds gky crkrk jgrk gSA
xq#dqy & ftlesa ge yksx i<+s Fks & eSa vkSj gfjjke & vc og ugha gSA bèkj geus
xq#dqy NksM+k bèkj vkSj ns'k vktkn gqvkA vktknh ds ckn Hkh fdlh rjg xq#dqy
vVd&vVd dj lk¡l ysrk jgkA fdlh rjg dqN le; thfor jgkA tehankjksa us
mlrs fy;s ,d xk¡o dh vkenuh ck¡èk j[kh FkhA mlls fdlh rjg çèkkukpk;Z
fpjUru feJ th] 'kkfyxzke 'kqDy th] çcUèkd lkèkq'kj.k flag th rFkk nks&rhu
vkSj yksxksa ds osru vkSj xq#dqy esa jgus okys nfjæ Nk=ksa dk Hkkstu gks tkrk FkkA
Qly [kjkc gksus ij dbZ ckj xk¡o ls vukt ikuh dqN ugha vkrkA rc cM+s xq#th
vius ikl ls nfjæ Nk=ksa ds Hkkstu ikuh dh O;oLFkk djrs vkSj bl ij xq#vkbu
ds rkus vkSj mykgus mUgsa lquus iM+rsA
vFk Hkwfeèkjk.kka jkT;a fofPNUuEk~A xra xzkeknkxrek;%A 'kklusu laL—rikB'kkykuka
fLFkrs% ifjKkukFkZa dkfi lfefrfoZfuekZf;A r;k lfeR;k çLrqrs çfrosnus nsoiqjLFka
230 xq#dqyefèk—R; eekZUrd% çgkjks fofgr%A rrLrq
'kkluknis{;ek.kL;kfFkZdlkgk¸;L;kfi xq#dqyL; —rs loZFkk HkXuk··'kkA ;s"kka
Hkwfeèkjk.kkeuqxzg.s k xq#dqya çkf.kfr Le] rs"kka lUrr;% okf.kT;s O;olk;s p O;ki`rk
LolUrrh% dkUos.VlaKdfo|ky;s"kq ikBf;rqa dkea n|q% çpqjèkujk'kh%] ijUrq laL—
rikB'kkyk;k% —r bnkuha i.kefi nkus l³~dqpfUr rs"kka gLrk%A vr ,o e`ra
xq#dqyEk~A rL;kolkusu lgkoflrk% 'kdqUry;k lg O;rhrk% {k.kk%A
rFkkfi Le`frLRo|kfi eyh;lh ojhofrZA xq#dqyL; Le`fr% fDy'ukfr eu%A
xq#dqyLe`R;kofPNUukLrs 'kdqUryk;k% Le`fr%A 'kdqUryk;k% Le`R;k laläkfu lfUr
rkU;so xq#dqyoklfnukfuA vga rsH;% Li`g;kfe] rsH;ks tqxqIls] rsH;ks ftàsfe] rsH;ks
fuyh;s] rkU;Uos"k;kfe] rsH;% dqI;kfe rsH;% çh.kkfeA vUrfuZ[kkrkfLrj'phuk 'k³~do
bo u rk% Le`r;ks eulks·i;kfUrA
'kCnkFkZ & Hkwfeèkjk.kke~ ¾ tehankjksa dhA çkf.kfr ¾ thfor Fkk ] py jgk FkkA
vuqokn & tehankjh [kRe gks xbZA xk¡o ls tks feyrk Fkk] og can gks x;kA ljdkj
ls laL—r ikB'kkykvksa dh fLFkfr ds vkdyu ds fy;s ,d lfefr cukbZ ml
lfefr ds çfrosnu esa nsoiqj ds xq#dqy ij cM+k eekZUrd çgkj fd;k x;k FkkA
mlds ckn rks ljdkj ls vuqnku feyus dh tks vk'kk Fkh] og Hkh èkwy esa fey
x;hA ftu tehankjksa dh —ik ls xq#dqy py jgk Fkk] mudh lUrkusa
okf.kT;&O;olk; esa yx xbZA ;s yksx vius cPpksa dks dkUosaV Ldwyksa esa i<+kus ds
fy;s rks vuki&'kuki [kpZ dj ldrs Fks] ij laL—r ikB'kkyk pykus ds fy;s nku
nsus esa mUgksaus gkFk lesV fy;sA blfy;s xq#dqy ej x;kA mlds volku ds lkFk
gh 'kdqUryk ds lkFk fcrk;s {k.kksa dk Hkh volku gks x;kA
ij Le`fr rks vHkh Hkh ihNk ugha NksM+rhA xq#dqy dh Le`fr eu dks dpksVrh gSA
xq#dqy dh Le`fr ls tqM+h gqbZ gS 'kdqUryk dh Le`frA 'kdqUryk dh Le`fr ls lalä
gSa xq#dqy fuokl ds os nh fnuA eSa muds fy;s Li`gk Hkh djrk gw¡ ?k`.kk Hkh djrk
gw¡] muls drjkrk gw¡] eq¡g fNikrk gw¡] mUgsa [kkstrk gw¡] mu ls fp<+rk gw¡ vkSj mu ij
çlUu gksrk gw¡A Hkhrj frjNs ?kqis 'kadq dh rjg eu ls xq#dqy dh Le`fr;k¡ tkus dk
uke ugha ysrhaA
çèkkuk xqjof'pjUrufeJk% fl)kUrdkSeqnha ikB;fUr LeA fl)kUrdkSeqnh Rok|Ura
d.BLFkk rs"kkEk~A çfrlw=a çkS<euksjekefi rs fouk iqLrdeq)jfUr çk;%A
O;kdj.kKkuL; egku~ ikjkokj% iqjrks u% leqPNyfrA o;eso rFkk {kqæk ;Yy?kq"kq
?kVs"kq fd;r~ rr% lekfo'ksRk~A
rfLeu~ fnus dL;fpr~ lw=L; çkS<euksjekfofgrO;k[;kuefèk—R; xq#pj.kkuka eufl
la'k; mfn;k; rs eka lekfn"VoUr% &^^j?kqohjk! ^^ ee d{ka xRok çkS<euksjek;k
ekr`dkeku;A vklfUndk;ka dk'puekr`dk% lfUr LFkkfirk%A r=So lk L;kRk~A
vga jäoL=koj.kxqf.Brka çkS<euksjekekr`dkeu;kfe & ^^vkuhrk\^^ xqjo vkgq% &
''}kfoa'kfrrea i`"Beqn~?kkV;A--- iB rkoRk~A fdekgqHkZêksthiknk%&
vga iBkfeA ;kon~ xq#Hkzkrk tuknZu misR; czwrs & ekrj vkºz;fUrA
JqRoSo xq#iknkuka leqTToya xkSjeq[ka fu"çHka lr~ dkfyekua HktrsA feJxqjoks ;koUr
_toks xq#Hkk;kZ rkorh dqfVyk ddZ'kk pA rs furkUrlqdqekjLoHkkok%] lk ija i#"kkA
231
 'ekrj bR;qäek=s tuknZus mRFkk; foo.kZonuk nhuk xqjo vkgq% & rfgZ ,oa dq#A
ekr`dkfeeka Lod{ka uhRok iBA Üoks·ga lekèkkL;sA
ekr`dk ek;k··uhrk Lod{kEk~A r= dk O;k[;k rRlw=efèk—R; çkS<euksjekdkjs.k
nÙksfr ukgeoxUrqeikj;Ek~A gLrfyf[krkfu th.kZiqjkrui=kf.k ijkorZ;ek.kks·ga lglk
peR—r%A rfLeu~ iqVds dsoya çkS<euksjek;k ,o uklhUekr`dkA lgSo
^^euksjekdqpefnZuh^^ vI;klhR] vklhPp rnuUrje~ vfHkKku'kkdqUryEk~A
'kCnkFkZ & çèkkuk xqjo% ¾ çèkku xq#A fl)kUrdkSeqnhe~ ¾ Hkêksft nhf{kr fojfpr
O;kdj.k 'kkL= dk ,d xzUFkA
çkS<euksjek ¾ Hkêksft nhf{kr fojfpr O;kdj.k 'kkL= dk ,d xzUFkA ikjkokj% ¾
leqæA vklfUndk ¾ dqlÊA jäoL=koj.kxqf.Brke~ ¾ yky oL= esa fyiVh ;k yky
oL= igus gq;As fu"çHke~ ¾ dkfUrghuA euksjekdqpefnZuh ¾ çkS<euksjek ij
if.Mrjkt txUukFk }kjk fyf[kr Vhdk xzUFkA
vuqokn & cM+s xq#th&fpjUru feJ&fl)kUrdkSeqnh i<+krs FksA fl)kUrdkSeqnh mUgsa
vk|Ur daBLFk FkhA çR;sd lw= ij çkS<euksjek dks Hkh os fcuk iqLrd ds m)`r dj
nsrsA O;kdj.kfo|k dk egku~ ikjkokj gekjs vkxs ygjkrk jgrk FkkA ge Hkh brus
{kqæ Fks fd gekjs NksVs&cM+s ?kM+ksa esa fdruk lekrk\
ml fnu fdlh lw= ij çkS<euksjek dh O;k[;k dks ysdj xq#th ds eu esa lUnsg
gks vk;kA mUgksaus eq> ls dgk & j?kqohj! gekjs dejs esa tk dj çkS<euksjek dh
iksFkh ys vkA pkSdh ij dqN iksfFk;k¡ j[kha gSa] mUgha esa og gksxhA
eSa yky diM+s esa c¡èkh gqbZ çkS<euksjek dh iksFkh ys dj vkrk gw¡A ys vk;s\ & xq#th
dgrs gSa & ckbZlok¡ iUuk [kksyksA i<+k!s D;k dgrs gSa Hkêksth----- \
eSa i<+us yxrk gw¡ rHkh xq#Hkzkrk tuknZu vkdj dgrk gS-a ----ek¡ cqyk jgh gSaA
lqurs gh xq#th dk mtyk xksjk eq[k dkyk iM+ tkrk gSA cM+s xq#th ftrus gh
lhèks] xq#vkbu mruh gh Vs<+h vkSj ddZ'kA ;s ,dne dksey lqHkko ds vkSj os cgqr
dBksjA tuknZu dk & ek¡ & Hkj dguk Fkk fd xq#th mB dj Qhds psgjs ds lkFk
dgrs gSa & rks ,slk djksA bl iksFkh dks vius dejs esa ys tk dj i<+ksA ge dy
bl ç'u dk lekèkku djsaxAs ''
eSa iksFkh vius dejs esa ys vk;kA mlesa çkS<euksjekdkj us lw= ij D;k O;k[;k nh gS
& ;g eSa ugha le> ldk] ij iqjkus gLrfyf[kr th.kZ i= iyVkrs&iyVkrs eSa
pkSadkA ml caMy esa dsoy çkS<euksjek dh gh iksFkh u Fkh] mlds lkFk
euksjekdqpenZuh Hkh Fkh vkSj mlds ckn j[kk Fkk & vfHkKku'kkdqUryA
u es euks jses çkS<euksjek;ka u ok euksjekdqpenZU;kEk~A vfHkKku'kkdqUryega
ifBrqekjCèkokUk~A iBa'p fu#)fu%Üokl bokga l¥~tkr%A vU;r~ loZfeo frjksnèkr~
lokZ³~xh.kfeokfy³~xnfHkKku'kkdqUrya ef; fu[kkrfeo fiu)feo L;wrfeo çR;qIrfeo
p cHkwoA
fd;nofèk vgeU;fLeUuso yksds jeek.k vklfefr ukKkfl"kEk~A lk;³~dky% letfuA
xqjoks·fXugks=a lEikn;fUrA çFkek;k'Nk=k mPpkSoZsnikBa dqoZfUrA gfjjkeks ekekºzfr &
232
^j?kqohj^! v;s j?kqohj! cfgjk;kfgA lUè;koUnua u dfj";fl fdEk^~\
vga lqIr bo lp{kqjp{kqfjo ld.kkZs·d.kZ bo cfgjk;kfeA lUè;ka lEik|
e`ÙkSynhikyksds iqujfHkKku'kkdqUryeoxkgs l—r~ ifBRok iqu% ikBekjHksA ^^bZlhfl
pqfEcvkaba Hkejsafga & 'çLrkouk;ka uVîk xh;ekuka xhfra iBkfeA^^ bZ"knh"kPpqfEcrkfu
HkzejS% lqdqekjdsljf'k[kkfu & bfr laL—rPNk;ka iBkfeA eufl fdefi l¥~tk;rsA
,rn~ –';a rq e;k dq=fpn~ –"VEk~A dq= –"Vfefr u LejkfeA dq= lfUr rk% çenk
;k ln;a f'kjh"kdqlqekU;qfPpofUrA rk vfHkr ,o lfUrA rFkkfi u –';UrsA
'kCnkFkZ & vfHkKku'kkdqUrye~ ¾ dkfynkl fojfpr foÜoçfl) ukVdA
fu#)fu%Üokl bo ¾ Üokl jksds gq;s dh rjgA fu[kkre~ ¾ tM+k x;kA çR;qIrfeo
¾ cks;s x;s dh rjgA lp{kq% ¾ us=ksa lfgrA
vuqokn & esjk eu u çkS<euksjek esa yxk] u euksjekdqpenZuh esaA vfHkKku'kkdqUry
eSa i<+us yxkA i<+rs&i<+rs lk¡l Fke x;hA lc dqN xk;c gksus yxk] cpk jgk
'kkdqUry eq>s lc rjQ ls yisVrk gqvk] esjs Hkhrj lekrk gqvk] flyk tkrk gqvk]
cks;k tkrk gqvkA
irk ugha fdruh nsj eSa fdlh vkSj nqfu;k esa [kks;k jgkA lk¡> gks x;hA xq#th
vXuhgks= dj jgs gSaA çFkek d{kk ds Nk= osnikB dj jgs gSaA gfjjke eq>s vkokt ns
jgk gS & j?kqohj] , j?kqohj! ckgj vk! lUè;koUnu ugha djuk D;k\
eSa lks;k gqvk&lk] vk¡[k gksrs gq, Hkh vUèks tSlk] dku gksrs gq, Hkh cgjs tSlk ckgj
vkrk gw¡A lUè;k djds ykyVsu dh eUnh jks'kuh esa fQj vfHkKku'kkdqUry i<+us
yxrk gw¡A ,d ckj i<+ dj fQj i<+rk gw¡A çLrkouk esa xk;h tkus okyh xhfr i<+rk
gw¡ & bZflfl pq¡fcvk¡b Hkejsafg& fQj laL—r Nk;k i<+rk gw¡ & bZ"knh"kPpqfEcrkfu
HkzejS% lqdqekjdsljf'k[kkfu lqdqekj dslj okys f'kjh"k ds Qwyksa dks HkkSjsa gkSys ls pwe
jgs gSa! eu esa dqN gksrk gSA ;g –'; eSaus dgha ns[kk gSA dgk¡ ns[kk gS & ;kn ughaA
os çenk,¡ dgk¡ gSa] tks f'kjh"k ds Qwy rksM+rh fn[kh Fkha\ os ;gha dgha gSa] ij fn[k
ugha jghaA
gfjjkeks u dsoyekçFkek;k% d{kk;k es lgkè;k;h] vfirq lgd{koklh vfiA vè;;ua
ukfHkfufo'krs rUeu%A ''ee firq;ZtekuRoa nwja çl`rEA fda dfj";kfe fl)kUrdkSeqnha
eqäkoyha ok ifBRokA fookgk|qiu;kukfnlaLdkjlEiknusu thfodksiktZua e;k
dj.kh;Ek~A lIr'krhikB% çpqjèkuçnk;dks HkofrA rr~ loZega tkukfeA'A & bfr l
dFk;frA rFkkfi U;k;s O;kdj.ks p es xfreoxR; l pkVwfäiqjLlja dnkfpr~
dnkfpr~ enèkhrs eqäkoyha ok dkSeqnha okA
U;k;fl)kUreqäkoyha ifBrqa eRikÜoZeqifo"V% l fuækfrA e`ÙkSynhia eRikÜoZs eUnk;rsA
ekr`dk;k v{kjkf.k èkwek;UrsA rFkkfi u ifjftgh"kkZfe ekr`dkEkA çLrkouk;ka lw=èkkj
onfr & ^^rokfLe xhrjkxs.k gkfj.kk çlHka âr%A^^ iqujfi psrfl ee fdefi
tktk;rsA dqrf'pr~ d;kfpr~ xh;ekusu gkfj.kk xhrsuk·gefi fºz;sA ;r~ iBkfe rr~
rq vuqHkwriwoZa eesfr efrtkZ;rs] ijUrq Dok·uqHkwrfefr u tkusA
^^vFk LoIuks uq ek;k uq efrHkzeks uq^^ bR;tkuu~ fof{kIrrdkZs foi;ZLrfopkjks
èoLrefrfoZLe`rdk;kZs ;FkkdFkf¥~pga jk=kooflrçk;k;ka lqIr%A

233
 'kCnkFkZ& lgkè;k;h ¾ lkFk esa i<+us okykA lgd{koklh ¾ lkFk gh d{k esa jgus
okykA thfodksiktZue~ ¾ vkthfodk dk miktZuA çpqjèkuçnk;d% ¾ vR;fèkd èku
nsus okykA gkfj.kk ¾ euksgjA jk=kooflrçk;k;ke~ ¾ jk=kS $ voflrçk;k;ke~ ]
v;kfnlfUèkA
vuqokn & gfjjke çFkek ls esjk lgikBh gh ugha gS] ge ,d lkFk ,d dejs esa
jgrs Hkh vk;s gSaA i<+us esa eu ugha yxrk gS gfjjke dkA og dgrk gS & ^^firkth
dh ttekuh bruh QSyh gqbZ gSA fl)kUrdkSeqnh ;k eqäkoyh i<+ dj D;k gksxk\
gedks rks 'kknh C;kg vkSj tusÅ djk&djk dj thfodk pykuh gSA lIr'krh dk
ikB djks] rks [kwc vkenuh gksrh gSA ;g lc ge dj gh ysrs gSaA^^ fQj Hkh gfjjke
U;k; vkSj O;kdj.k esa esjh le> vPNh gS & ;g ns[k dj esjs ikl i<+us ds fy;s
vk cSBrk gS vkSj eLdk ekjrk gqvk eq> ls eqäkoyh ;k dkSeqnh i<+rk jgrk gSA
og eqäkoyh i<+us ds fy;s esjs ikl cSBk FkkA i<+rs&i<+rs Å¡?kus yxk gSA cxy esa
j[kh ykyVsu dh jks'kuh eUnh gksrh tk jgh gSA iksFkh ds v{kj èkq¡èkyk jgs gSaA fQj
Hkh iksFkh esjs gkFk ls NwV ugha jghA çLrkouk esa lw=èkkj dgrk gS & ^^rqEgkjs xhr
dh èkqu esa eSa cykr~ cg x;k Fkk &^^ fQj esjs eu esa dqN gksus yxrk gSA dksbZ xhr
tSls cyiwoZd eq>s cgk;s fy;s tk jgk gksA tks dqN i<+ jgk gw¡] og eSaus ogha vuqHko
fd;k gS] ij dgk¡] ;g irk ughaA
esjk rdZ fc[kj x;k Fkk] fopkj xM+cM+k x;s Fks] efr èoLr gks x;h Fkh] tks djuk
Fkk og eSa ugha le> ik jgk FkkA ;g liuk gS] ;k ek;k ;k efrHkze & ;g u
tkurk gqvk fdlh rjQ eSa ml jkr lks ik;kA
vU;s|q% dqrks ok dFka ok orZ bfr u tkukfeA fpjUrufeJk% i`PNfUr&–"Vk
çkS<+euksjek\ voxr% lw=kFkZ%\
vksfefr 'kudSjgeokspEk~A rfgZ ekr`dkeku;A
vga çdfEir%A euks O;fFkrEk~A çk.kk mRdkf;rk%A ekr`dk ;fn xq#H;% ijkorZuh;k
rfgZ 'kkdqUryefi ijkorZuh;a HkofrA rr~ dFka n|kfefr fda djksfe fda
dFk;kehR;tkurks·fi lglSo fuyZTtso eÙkso es ftºok çllkj fuLllkj p op bna
eUeq[kkr~ &^^Hkxou^^~ vfHkKku'kkdqUryL; ekr`dk orZrs rfLeUuso iqVdsA rkega
ifBrqfePNkfeA
xqjo'pfdrk eka fuè;k;fUrA 'r= orZrs lk\ & r vkgq% & ^^e;k rq foLe`rEk~A vkEk~A
lk r= L;kRk~A fdUrq RoEk~\ ifB";fl\ 'kkdqUryE\ ikBîØes rq rUuk·fLrA^^
'kCnkFkZ &vU;s|q% ¾ nwljs fnuA fuyZTtk ¾ yTtkjfgrA
vuqokn & vxys fnu eSa dgk¡ gw¡] dSls gw¡ & ;g eSa ugha tku jgk gw¡A cM+s xq#th
iwNrs gSa çkS<euksjek ns[k yh\ lw= dk vFkZ le> esa vk;k\
eSaus èkhjs ls dgk & ^th'kA^ rks fQj iksFkh ykvksA
eSa dk¡i mBkA eu elksl mBkA çk.k fudyus&fudyus dks gq,A ;fn iksFkh xq#t
dks ns nsrk gw¡ rks mlds lkFk gh 'kkdqUry Hkh ykSVkuk gksxkA rks iksFkh dSls ns nw¡ &
D;k d:¡ bl mèksM+cqu esa vutkus gh fuyZTt esjh thHk erokyh dh rjg pyh vkSj
234
esjs eq¡g ls ;g fudyk & xq#th] ml canh esa vfHkKku'kkdqUry dh iksFkh Hkh gSA eSa
mls i<+uk pkgrk gw¡A
xq#th pfdr gks dj eq>s rkdrs jg x;sA ''og iksFk Hkh gS mles\ ^^& mUgksaus dgk
& ''ge Hkwy gh x;s FksA gk¡] gksxh og Hkh mlh cUnh esaA ij rqe\ rqe mls i<+ksx\s
vfHkKku'kkdqUry\ og rks ikBîØe esa ugha gSA^^
& rFkkfi ifBrqfePNkfeA & vijkèkho foew< bo nqO;Zluho Loèk`"Vr;k LokReuks
fcH;fUuokga dFk;kfeA
xqjoks eka fuoZ.kZ;fUrA rstfLouh rs"kka –f"V%A enh;a eea lk fHkufÙkA eksgeqfPNuÙkhfr
çrh;rsA eq[keoue¸;kga rka ifjgjkfeA
xq#pj.kkuka u;u;ks% dkfi O;Fkksfn;k;A ''ek rq fpfUrreklhr~ ;r~ Roa oS;kdj.kks
Hkfo";flA O;kdj.ka uke ewya loZfo|kukEk~A ro firkfi O;kdj.k ,o oSnq";a rs
dke;rsA l es l[kkA Roa pa irfl lkfgR;i³~ds] ;= fdefi ukfLrA fda Hkofr
lkfgR;su&dkO;su\ O;keksg ,oA i'pkÙkkieqis";fl fdeU;Rk~\
xq#pj.kkuka lk ok³~ u es eufl f'y";rs LeA vfpjço`Ùks xzh"es eu mRdk;rsA
vkjkn~ xq#dqya lqjfHkouokr~ ogfUrA çfrfnola f}fL=okZga uhnrVa ;kfe]
lfyyeoxkgsA eè;kºzç[kjs"kq r=So Dofpr~ r#PNk;k;ka fuækfe fnolkukua
ifj.kkeje.kh;Roa dYi;kfeA
'kCnkFkZ & vijkèkho ¾ vijkèkh dh rjgAloZfo|kuke~ ¾ leLr fo|kvksa dkA
lkfgR;i³~ds ¾ lkfgR; ds dhpM+ esaA ok³~ ¾ ok.khA çfrfnole~ ¾ çR;sd fnuA
vuqokn & ^^fQj Hkh----------i<+uk pkgrk gw¡ xq#th! ^^ eSa vijkèkh dh rjg] foew< dh
rjg] nqO;Zluh dh rjg vius vki ls Mjrk gqvk lk dgrk gw¡A
xq#th eq>s xkSj ls ns[krs gSaA cM+k rst gS mudh vk¡[kksa esa] mudh –f"V eq>s chaèkrh
pyh x;h gSA og esjs Hkhrj dk eksgtky dkVrh lh yxrh gSA eSa flj >qdk;s gq,
mlls cprk gw¡A
xq#th dh vk¡[kksa esa O;Fkk dk Hkko vk x;k gSA ''geus lkspk Fkk fd rqe oS;kdj.k
cuksxAs O;kdj.k gh rks ewy gS lc fo|kvksa dkA rqEgkjs firkth Hkh O;kdj.k dk gh
fo}ku~ cukuk pkgrs gSa rqedksA os gekjs fe= BgjsA ij rqe rks lkfgR; ds dhpM+ esa
fxjuk pkgrs gksA mlesa rks dqN Hkh ugha gSA lkfgR; ls & dkO; ls gksrk gh D;k
gS\ mlesa rks dsoy O;keksg gSA ckn esa iNrkvksxs & vkSj D;k\
xq#th dh ckr esjs eu esa ugha tehA xzh"e vHkh&vHkh vk;k gSA eu ckoyk&lk gks
jgk gSA xq#dqy ds vklikl Qwyksa dh lqxUèk ls Hkjh gok,¡ cg jgh gSaA eSa fnu esa
nks rhu ckj unh ds fdukjs tkrk gw¡] ikuh esa Mqcdh yxkrk gw¡] nksigj esa rstèkwi esa
ogha fdlh isM+ dh Nk;k esa >idh ys ysrk gw¡A Å¡?krs gq, fnu ds je.kh; volku
dk liuk ns[krk gw¡A
vè;;ua euks ukfHkfufo'krsA nwjhHkofr fl)kUrdkSeqnh] foLe;Zrs U;k;eqäkoyhA
'kjhjs.k d{kk;ka fr"Bkfe] eulk·U;= orZsA
'kqDyxqjoks eqäkoyha ikB;fUrA fda rs dFk;fUr bfr u tkukfeA rs"kka oS[kjh
235
 fujFkZdrka xrsokèkkseq[kL; el`.k?kVL;so ee ekuls u f'y";rsA & czwfg
O;kfIry{k.kifj"dkjEk~A & lglk rs i`PNfUrA vga ç'ueso uSok'k`.oEk~A ikÜoZLFkks
gfjjkeks eka uqnfrA
j?kqohj! on rkoRk~A & xqjoks xtZfUrAxq#th! & u e;k Le;ZrsA gfjjke! Roa rkon~
onAgfjjke% fdefi ofäA rsu xqjoks·fèkdrja dqI;fUrA lrtZua r vkgq% & ^^xPNra
;qokEk~A bUèkueku;rEk~A v;eso ;qo;ks% —rs n.M%A
eqäkoY;k d{kk;ka dsoya Nk=};a orZrs & vga p gfjjke'pA mHk;ksfuZ"dklusu
'kqDyxq#.kkefi foJkfUrHkZofrA rs eè;kàa lqyHkfuæa Lod{ks okg;fUrA vè;kiua
ukfHkfufo'krs oLrqrLrs"kkefi eu%A ikB;fUr rs ,oeso eeZnkj.ke~ d.kZLQksVuEA
rs·uè;k;s nÙk#p;ks fuxzgLFkkus –<fèk;% la'k;foi;Z;xzLrk% Lo;a lfUrA
'kCnkFkZ & nwjhHkofr ¾ nwj gksrk gSA U;k;eqäkoyh ¾ foÜoukFk rdZiapkuu }kjk
fojfpr U;k;fl)kUreqäkoyhA
vuqokn & i<+kbZ esa eu yxrk ugha gSA fl)kUrdkSeqnh nwj gks x;h gS] eqäkoyh
Hkwyh tk jgh gSA 'kjhj ls d{kk esa jgrk gw¡] eu ls dgha vkSjA
'kqDy xq# th eqäkoyh i<+krs FksA os D;k dgrs Fks dqN le> esa ugha vkrk FkkA
mudh oS[kjh eq>s fujFkZd çrhr gksrh Fkh vkSj myVs eq[k ?kM+s esa tSls ikuh ugha
fVdrk mlh rjg xq#nso dh ok.kh esjs eu esa ugha fpidrh FkhA os lglk iw¡Nrs Fks
& O;kfIry{k.k dk ifj"dkj crkb;s \ eq>s mudk ç'u gh ugha lquk;h nsrk FkkA esjs
ikl esa cSBk gqvk gfjjke eq>s çsfjr djrk Fkk &
& j?kqohj cksyksA xq# th xtZuk dj jgs gSaA
& xq# th ! eq>s dqN Hkh ;kn ugha gSA
& gfjjke rqe crkvksA
gfjjke dqN cksyrk FkkA blls xq# th vkSj vfèkd dqfir gks mBrk FkkA MkVrs gq;s
xq#nso us dgk & rqe nksuks tkvksA ydfM+;k¡ ykvksA ;gh rqe nksuks dk n.M gSA
eqäkoyh dh d{kk esa nks Nk= Fks & eSa vkSj gfjjkeA
ge nksuks dks fudky nsus ls 'kqdy xq# th dks Hkh foJke feyrk FkkA os uhan ysrs
gq;s nksigj vius d{k esa fcrkrs FksA okLro esa vuè;k; esa xq# th dk eu Hkh jerk
FkkA
mudk vè;kiu dkuQksM+w vkSj eeZfonkj.k djus okyk gksrk FkkA mudk eu i<+kus esa
de gh yxrk FkkAfuxzgLFkku esa cqf) jerh Fkh vkSj os la'k; vkSj foi;Z; ls xzLr
jgrs FksA
bUèkukuu;uk;koka çpfyrkS & vga p gfjjke'pA euks es fu"Bk'kwU;a Hkzefr]
fdeI;kfy[kfrA nSufUnu—R;s"ofi —PNªs.k ikf.kikna çljfrA gfjjkeks eka rFkkfoèka –
"V~ok dqBkjs.k Lo;a fNufÙk dk"BE] dFk;fr p & ^^v;a dqBkj% deZ]
dqBkjnk#la;ksxks·okUrjO;kikj%] fNnk dj.kL; ij'kksf'NnSo QyEk~A
vfLeaf'Nnkdj.ks·geqiknkudkj.kefLe] Roa fufeÙkdkj.kEk~A —Ùkk% dk"Bp;k%] bnkuha
RofefUæ;kFkZlfUud"kZs.k l¥~p;a dq#A^^
236
dk"Bl¥~p;s d% Je% fd;ku~ ok dkyks·is{;sr\ vga ouHkqfo fu#ís';ekfg.MsA
vdLekr~ d.kZ'k"dqyheiwj;UEykuL; thodqlqeL; folklua lUriZ.ka
ldysfUæ;eksgudja fdefi xkuEk~A rækxs.k çlHka ârks·ga xhrèofueuqljkfeA
'kCnkFkZ & bUèkuku;uk; ¾ ydM+h ykus ds fy;sA nSufUnu—R;s"kq ¾ çfrfnu ds —
R;A ikf.kikne~ ¾ gkFk & iSjA dqBkjnk#la;ksx% ¾ dqYgkM+h vkSj ydM+h dk la;ksxA
ij'kks% ¾ QjlkA dk"Bp;k% ¾ dk"Bksa ds lewgA d.kZ'k"dqyh% ¾ d.kZdqgjksa dksA
vuqokn & eSa vkSj gfjjke ] ge nksuks ydfM+;k¡ ykus ds fy;s py iM+As esjk eu
fu"Bk'kwU; gksdj ?kwe jgk Fkk] dqN fy[k jgk FkkA nSufUnu dk;ksZa esa Hkh cM+h
dfBukbZ ls gkFk –iSj pyrs FksA esjh bl voLFkk dks ns[kdj gfjjke Lo;a dqYgk.kh
ls ydM+h dkV jgk Fkk vkSj dg jgk Fkk & dqYgkM+h dkj.k gS] dqYgkM+h vkSj ydM+h
dk la;ksx vokUrjO;kikj gSA Nsnu ds dkj.k ij'kq dk Qy Nsnu gh gSA bl Nsnu
fØ;k esa eSa miknku dkj.k gw¡ vkSj rqe fufeÙkdkj.k gksA ;s ydfM+;k¡ dV x;ha] vc
rqe bfUæ; vkSj inkFkZ ds lfUud"kZ dks dk"B lap; ds :i es çfrQfyr djksA
dk"Bl¥~p;s d% Je% fd;ku~ ok dkyks·is{;rs \ vga ouHkqfo fu#ís';ekfg.MsA
vdLekr~ d.kZ'k"dqyheiwj;r~ EykuL; thodqlqeL; fodklua lUriZ.ka
ldysfUæ;eksgudja fdefi xkue~A rækxs.k çlHka ârks·ga xhrèofueuqljkfeA
ydM+h ds lap; esa D;k Je gS \ mlds fy;s fdruk dky visf{kr gS \ eSa ouHkwfe
esa fcuk fdlh mís'; ds HkVdrk gw¡A lglk esjs d.kZ ds dqgjksa dks Hkjrk gqvk xhr
lquk;h fn;kA mls lqudj esjs eqj>k;s gq;s çk.kdqlqe f[kyus yxs ] eq>s r`fIr dk
vuqHko gksus yxkA ml xhrjkx ls vkdf"kZr eSa mldk vuqlj.k djus yxkA
r= rkega çR;{kh—roku~ & lR;a 'kdqUrykesoA yCèka us=fuokZ.kEk~A
lk ,dLekr~ iknikTtikdqlqekU;qfPpuksfrA LeA vga lehia xRok iknikUrfgZrLrnh;ka
:ilqèkka lr`.ka fickfeA mRi{ejkft ckydqj³~xp¥~pyeik³~xa çR;³~xa p lUu)a
;kSouEk~A iq"ikopk; mRFkkfir% dkseyfoVikuqdkjh ckgq% Lo;eso ekSfädlj bo
r#'kk[k;k yyEcsA
ekuq"khlq dFka ok L;knL; :iL; lEHko%A bfr foLe;LrCèk bo fufuZe"s ku;uks
fu)~;k;aLrka LokReuk LokRekuegedFk;EA vuUrjeLejEuses 'kCnk enh;k%] vfir
rL;SokfHkKku'kkdqUrydkjL;A ;|sukeoyksD; u es 'kCnk vfirq dkfynklh;kU;so
inkfu euqL;qn~xrkfu] rfgZ fu'pçpfe;a dkfynklh;So 'kdqUryk L;kRk~A
vusu fopkjs.k lglk fo|qRl¥~pkjfeo 'kjhjs·geUoHkoEk~A ;koUuSo;s a ekeioyksD;
frjksHkofr] rkonkua fdeI;kyikehfr l³~dYI; rkegeqikliZEk~A
'kCnkFkZ & ouHkqfo ¾ ouHkqfo ¾ taxy dh Hkwfe esaA dkseyfoVikuqdkjh ¾ dksey
yrkvksa dk vuqdj.k djus okyhA çR;³~xe~ ¾ çR;sd vax esaA
eSaus mls çR;{k ns[kkA og ,d o`{k ls tikiq"i pqu jgh FkhA eS mlds ikl x;k
vkSj ,d o`{k dh vkM+ ls mlds :i dks ns[kus yxkA mBh cjkSfu;ksa okys gfj.k ds
'kkod ds leku mldh fprou FkhA mlds çR;sd vax esa ;kSou fijks;k gqvk FkkA
Qwy rksM+us ds fy;s Åij mBk;k gqvk gkFk isM+ dh Mky ls yVdrh gq;h eksrh dh
ekyk dh rjg fn[kkA
237
 bl bdkbZ ds ekè;e ls ys[kd us bl ;qx esa f'k{kk – txr~ esa O;kIr dfri; mu
cqjkb;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k gSA xq#dqyksa ds fouk'k rFkk vaxzstksa ds fn[kk;s ekxZ ij
py jgh Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk dks js[kkafdr djrs gq;s dfo us vfHkKku'kkdqUry ds
çrhd ds ekè;e ls mu reke fo—fr;ksa dks Hkh fn[kkus dk ç;kl fd;k gS] tks
vkt gekjh laL—fr dks u"V dj jgha gSaA gfjjke uke dk fo|kFkÊ viuh xq#Hkfxuh
vuqdEik ls fookg dj ysrk gSA 'kkL= vè;;u ds çfr Nk=ksa esa mRiUu gks jgh
vufHk#fp dh vksj Hkh ys[kd us gekjk è;ku vk—"V fd;k gSA
;g bdkbZ vR;Ur fo'kn gS] bl dkj.k lexz :i ls ewy iqLrd ls i<+uk pkfg;sA

ek;kfoU;qik[;kue~ ¾ ek;kfouh mik[;kuA

Jkof;Rok ¾ lquk djA
uoufyunylEiqVfHkfn ¾ u;s deyksa ds lEiqV dks f[kykus okysA
lforfj ¾ lw;ZA
LoLodqyk;ku~ ¾ vius –vius ?kkslyksa dksA
fog³~xes"kq ¾ i{khA
fufe"kek=efi ¾ {k.k Hkj HkhA
ouHkqfo ¾ taxy dh Hkwfe esAa
dkseyfoVikuqdkjh ¾ dksey yrkvksa dk vuqdj.k djus okyhA
çR;³~xe~ ¾ çR;sd vax esaA

1- mik[;kuekfydk] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh ] çfrHkk çdk'ku] u;h fnYyh ]1999

2- laL—r lkfgR; dk lexz bfrgkl] prqFkZ [k.M] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] U;w Hkkjrh;
cqd dkikZsjs'ku] u;h fnYyh] 2018
3- jkèkkoYyHk dh leh{kk & ijEijk] lEiknd & jekdkUr ik.Ms;] bZLVuZ cqd
fyUdlZ] u;h fnYyh] 2018
4- jkèkkoYyHk dh lkjLor& lkèkuk] lEiknd – jekdkUr ik.Ms;] bZLVuZ cqd
fyUdlZ] u;h fnYyh] 2013

1- vfHkKku'kkdqUry dh dFkk vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k;sA

2- vfHkKku'kkdqUry mik[;ku esa çfrfofEcr ;qxcksèk dk fu:i.k dhft;sA
238
3- dfo jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dh o.kZu dyk dk fu:i.k dhft;sA
4- vkt dh f'k{kkO;oLFkk ds lUnHkZ esa dfo ds fopkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft;s
5- vkèkqfud laL—r x| lkfgR; esa mik[;kuekfydk dk egÙo fu:fir dhft;s

1- jkèkkoYyHk dh leh{kk & ijEijk] lEiknd & jekdkUr ik.Ms;] bZLVuZ cqd
fyUdlZ] u;h fnYyh] 2018
2- jkèkkoYyHk dh lkjLor& lkèkuk] lEiknd & jekdkUr ik.Ms;] bZLVuZ cqd
fyUdlZ] u;h fnYyh] 2013A

239
 18-1 mís';
18-2 çLrkouk
18-3 f'ko vkSj mek dk okrkZyki
18-4 f'ko dk fpÙkfodkj
18-5 mek ds fo"k; esa f'ko dk fpUru
18-6 mek dk dk;kZy; esa R;kxi=
18-7 f'ko vkSj uxsUæ ds firk dk okrkZyki
18-8 mek dk mÙkjthou
18-9 lkjka'k
18-10 'kCnkoyh
18-11 lUnHkZxzUFk
18-12 vH;kliz'u
18-13 lgk;d mi;ksxh ikB~;lkexzh

bl bdkbZ ds vè;;u ls vki

• enungu mik[;ku esa of.kZr rF;ksa dks tku ldsaxsA
• dfo us dkfynkl ds dqekjlEHko egkdkO; dks vkt ds ifjçs{; esa fdl rjg
la;ksftr fd;k gS] ;g Hkh tku ldsaxAs
• vkèkqfud laL—r x|lkfgR; dh ço`fÙk;ksa dk ifjKku çkIr dj ldsaxAs
• mek ds fo’k; esa vki v/;;u djsaxs
• f'ko ds fo’k; esa vki v/;;u djsaxs

iwoZ bdkbZ esa vkius vfHkKku'kkdqUry mik[;ku dk vè;;u fd;kA enungu

mik[;ku esa Hkh dfo us egkdfo dkfynkl ds dqekjlEHko egkdkO; dks vkèkqfud
ifjçs{; esa la;ksftr fd;k gSA blesa dqekjlEHko esa çfrikfnr f'ko vkSj mek ds
vkn'kZ thou dk çHkko gSA dfo us vkèkqfud ifjçs{; esa f'ko vkSj mek ds pfj= dks
ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA mik[;ku ds vkjEHk esa f'ko vius dk;kZy; esa mifLFkr jgrs
gSaA muds lkeus Qkbyksa dk lewg iM+k FkkA muds chp fdlh Qkby dks ns[k dj os
lekfèkLFk gks x;s FksA mek vkbZ vkSj f'ko ds lkeus viuk Vkbi fd;k gqvk esVj
240
muds ikl j[k fn;kA f'ko us Qkby [kksyrs gh ns[kk fd lc dqN 'kq) Vkbi gS
fdUrq ,d ist ij johUæukFk VSxksj dh dfork Vkbi FkhA ;g ns[k dj f'ko mek
ij Øq) gks mBsA mUgksaus mek dks MkVrs gq;s iwNk & ;g D;k gS \ mek Hk;Hkhr
gksdj cksyh fd ;g dfork mlus viuh cgu jkfxuh ds fy;s Vkbi dh gSA f'ko
vkSj Hkh HkM+d mBsA mek dk ?kj dk dke dk;kZy; esa djuk f'ko dks ugha Hkk;kA
nq%[kh gksdj mek us dk;kZy; ls vodk'k ys fy;kA ;g tkudj f'ko dks [ksn
gqvkA mek dk irk yxkus ds fy;s f'ko mlds ?kj tk igqpAs mlds firk uxsUæ
'kekZ ls ckrphr gq;hA jkfxuh dks ogk¡ ns[kdj os iwoZ Le`fr;ksa esa [kks x;sA tc f'ko
dh iRuh lrh thfor Fkh rc jkfxuh muds ?kj vkrh tkrh Fkh fdUrq mldh e`R;q
ds ckn og muds ?kj ugha vk;hA vUrr% f'ko dh eqykdkr mek ls gksrh gSA f'ko
us mls dk;kZy; vkdj viuk 'ks"k osru ysus rFkk og dfork ysus ds fy;s dgkA
le; ikdj f'ko us mek ds çfr viuk ç.k; O;ä fd;kA fdUrq mek us mlds
ç.k; dks euk dj fn;k vkSj f'ko okil pyk x;kA

f'ko% dk;kZy;s·ofLFkr%A lEeq[keklhr~ if¥~tdkuka jkf'k%A l dL;kf¥~pr~

if¥~tdk;ka nÙk–f"V% lekfèkLFk bo cHkkSA _Tok;rLrnh;% fLFkj% iwoZdk;kZs
fuokrfu"dEinhid bo çrh;k;A
mek çfrfnufeo les;k;A eulSo lk f'koli;kZekrrkuA olUrkorkjje.kh;% dky%A
dk;kZy;kn~ cfg% lglk iqaLdksfdyks eèkqja pqdwtA r#.kkdZjkxa oklks olkuk rUo³~xh
vfi rL;k% okll% çHkkiVysu cfg% ifjLQqjUrho LrukH;ka eukxkoftZros l¥~pkfj.kh
iYyfouh yrso lk dk;kZy;Lokfeu% f'koL; d{ka çfo"Vk &^-lj] áks nÙka loZa
V³~d.kdeZ lkfèkra e;k &^ bfr fuxnUrh lfLera fuè;k;Urh p f'koa iwtklkexzhfeo
if¥~tdka rRle{ka LFkki;keklA f'kos if¥~tdkeqn~?kkVî vèkh;kus
çokruhyksRiyfufoZ'ks"keèkhjfoçsf{krS% lsf³~xra ra fuoZ.kZ;k¥~pdkjA
'kCnkFkZ & nÙk–f"V% ¾ vk¡[k xM+k djA fuokrfu"dEinhid% ¾ fuokr esa j[kk
fu"dEi nhidA dk;kZy;Lokfeu% ¾ dk;kZy; ds vfèkdkjhA fuxnUrh ¾ dgrh
gq;hA fuè;k;Urh ¾ è;ku djrh gq;hA
vuqokn & f'ko vius n¶rj esa cSBs gq, FksA lkeus Qkbyksa dk xëj FkkA fdlh
Qkby dks ns[krs gq, os lekfèk esa Mwc ls x;s FksA lhèkh dk;k--------------,dne fLFkj
fuokr esa j[ks fn;s lh fLFkjA
mek gj jkst dh rjg vkbZA f'ko ds d{k esa ?kqlrs gh mlus eu gh eu f'ko dh
iwtk dhA
olar dk je.kh; le; FkkA n¶rj ds ckgj vke dh Mky ij cSBk dksfdy lglk
nks&rhu ckj dwtkA mek us r#.k lw;Z ds leku yky lkM+h igu j[kh FkhA og
vkt çlUu FkhA nsg dqN >qdh&>qdh iM+ jgh FkhA pyrh&fQjrh iYyoksa ls Hkjh
yrk dh rjg èkhjs&èkhjs vk dj f'ko ds d{k esa og ?kqlh vkSj muds lkeus [kM+h gks
xbZA
lj] dy tks Vkbi djus dks esVj fn;k Fkk] og iwjk dj fn;k gS & eqLdku ds
lkFk ;g dgrs gq, mek us iwtk lkexzh dh rjg Qkby f'ko ds lkeus ljdk nhA
241
 f'ko us Qkby [kksyhA mek rst >ksads esa fgyrs uhydey dh vka[kksa ls mUgsa rkdrh
gqbZ [kM+h FkhA
loZa lkèkq Vf³~dreklhn~ ;Fkk f'kosu LoopuSyZs[kkfira rFkSo 'kq)a ifjekftZrefiA
çfri=a p{kqLRoj;k lkj;u~ f'ko% rr~ rr~ i=a LogLrk{kjS% lexz;keklA vfUres
i=s·fiZra rsu LogLrk{kjEk~A mek;k ân;a lglk·frek=eèkMèkMk;rA
vfUrei=L;kèkLrkr~ dxZnesdeklhn~ ;= johUæukFkL; dkO;i³~ä;"Vf³~drk% &
bQ nkm Lihds"V ukV] vk; foy fQy
ek; gkVZ foFk nkb lkbysal ,aM baMîksj bV-----------------
vk; foy dhi fLVy ,.M osV ykbd fn ukbV
foFk LVkjh fof>y] ,.M bV~l gSM csaV yks
foFk is'ksal----------------------
ikBa ikBa pUæksn;kjEHk bokEcqjkf'k% ifjo`ÙkèkS;Z bo f'koks fcEcQykèkjks"B mekuus
u;u;qxya O;kikj;keklA vfLeUuso {k.ks iqjkofrZfu if¥~tdkçi¥~ps foyhuks
enuks·fèkT;a 'kjekjksI; rRlUèkkuk; rRijLrLFkkSA okrk;ukr~ lgdkje¥~tjh.kka lkSjHka
leknk; lglk·Ur% d{ka llkj lehj%A mek;k çk.kk vfèkd.Ba çkIrk% & fdesrs
dFkf;";UrhnkuhfefrA
& fdesrRk~\ njofØrHkzwji`PNfPNo%A
& lj] ,rr~ rRk~] rnsrRk~----------
'kCnkFkZ & LoopuSyZs[kkfire~ ¾vius opuksa ls fy[kk;s x;s ¼fMDVsV fd;s x;s ½A
vEcqjkf'k% ¾ leqæA foEcQykèkjks"Bs ¾ foEcQy ds leku vèkjks"BAenu% ¾dkensoA
vfèkd.Be~ ¾ d.B rdA lgdkje¥~tjh.kke~ ¾ vkeze¥~tfj;ksa dkA
vuqokn & lc dqN vPNh rjg Vkbi fd;k gqvk Fkk] tSlk&tSlk f'ko us dy
fMDVsV djk;k FkkA f'ko ,d&,d i= ij ljljh utj Mkyrs gq, gLrk{kj djrs
x;sA os vkf[kjh i= ij gLrk{kj dj gh jgs Fks fd mek dk ân; rsth ls èkM+d
mBkA f'ko us vkf[kjh i= iyVk] rks mlds uhps ,d dkxt vkSj Fkk] ftl ij
Vkbi fd;k gqvk Fkk &
bQ nkm LihdsLp ukV] vk;
foy fQy
ekb gkVZ foFk nkb lk;ysal ,aM ,aMîksj bV]
ok; foy dhi fLVy ,aM osV ykbd fn ukb
foFk LVkjh fofty ,aM bV~l gSM osaV yks
foFk is'ksal----------------
bls i<+ dj f'ko pdjk;sA johUæukFk dh xhrkatfy dh ,d iwjh dfork Vkbi dh
gqbZ FkhA paæek ds mxus ij leqæ esa tSls gypy gksrh gS] ml rjg f'ko dk fpÙk
dqN myV&iqyV lk gks x;kA pfdr gks dj mUgksaus ids foEcQy tSls yky vèkj
okys mek ds eq[k dks ns[kkA
242
blh {k.k lkeus vkyekjh esa Qkbyksa dh drkj ds ihNs fNi dj cSBk dkenso vius
èkuq"k dh Mksjh ij ck.k p<+k dj mls NksM+us&NksM+us dks gqvkA olar dh ok;q mlds
lkFk "kMîa= esa 'kkfey FkkA f[kM+dh ls vke dh ckSjksa dh lqokl fy;s og d{k esa
vk ?kqlkA mek dk th daB rd vk x;kA irk ugha vc ;s D;k dgsax\s
f'ko us lglk dBksj Loj esa iwNk & ;g D;k gS\
&lj] ;s dqN ugha lj & mek dk¡i mBhA

f'ko% lglk psrksfodkjeUoHkoRA dqr b;a fj³~xfr fo—frfjg fpÙks enh;s & bfr
foe`'kUulkS iqjksofrZua if¥~tdkjkf'keoS{krA r=So fuxw<a L;kr~ fodkjdkj.ke~ lglk
eglk rL; us=;ks% LQqfy³~xk mfnrk%A ekuls fuxw<a r`rh;a us=eqUehfyrEk~A rrks
fu%l`rk ofàTokyk rR{k.ka ;kor~ vUrfj{ks·UrfgZrk nsok% Øksèka lagj&lagjsfr fxja
fuxnfUr rkor~ if¥~tdkjk'ks% i`"Bs fuyhua enua U;fxyUk~A mek pdEisA
f'kof'pUr;kekl&fdeu;k Vf³~drEk~A b;a johUæukFkL; dkO;Ek~A vLekda
deyflUFksfVDldk;kZy;s fdeusu\ fdeFkZa ps;a ef; i`PNfr XykU;k Xyfirso]
l³~dqfprso çHk¥~>udfEirk oYyjho fr"BrhfrA
rL;kLrw".khEHkko% lUèkq{k;kekl f'koL; dksikyEA & mP;rkEk~ !
& iqujlkS meka ç.kquksnA
& lj] ee Hkfxuh jkfx.kh orZrs [kyq--------------------
& L;kUuke jkfx.kh ok ;k dkfi okA fda r;k\
& --------------lk fo|ky;s ikB;frA lk johUæukFkL; dforkesdka ok¥~Nfr LeA rL;k%
—rs e;k Vf³~drs;a dforkA
& rL;k% —rs uuqA HkfxU;k% —rs V³~d.ka djksfr Hkorh dk;kZy;s fLFkRokA
dk;kZy;ekxR; dk;kZy;L;So deZ lEiknf;rO;Ek~] u x`gdeZA
,oa lj! & bfr ok"io`fÙkdyq"ks.k d"kk;d.Bsu dFkeI;dFk;nqek] >fVfr p
d{kkfUuLllkjA
v:igk;Za f'koL; eu%A 'kCnk u rr~ Li`'kfUrA vFkkZLrrks fuorZUrsA rr~ rq dsoya
if¥~tdk ,o tkukfr] vocqè;rs pA uuq fdesrUe;k·dkfj\ dFkeèkquk Üo% Loeq[ka
n'kZf;rqa çHkfo";kfe rLek bfr fofpfdRlkfodyân;k mek f'kjksosnuk eka ckèkr bfr
dk;kZy;kèkh{kdk; JhufUnus fuos| vèkZfnolkodk'kçkFkZuki=a rLeS leI;Z
Lox`gek;;kSA
'kCnkFkZ & fo—fr% ¾ fodkjA fuyhue~ ¾ fNik gqvkA ofàTokyk ¾ vfXuTokykA
ok"io`fÙkdyq"ks.k ¾ vk¡lqvksa ds çokg ls dyqf"krA fuLllkj ¾ fudy tkukA
vuqokn & blds lkFk gh f'ko dks vius Hkhrj fofp= fodkj jsaxrk gqvk lk yxkA
;g fodkj vc eu esa dgk¡ ls çfo"V gqvk & mUgksaus lkspk vkSj lkeus j[kh
vkyekjh esa Qkbyksa dh drkj ij ,dVd vk¡[ksa xM+k nhaA mlh drkj ds ihNs
dkenso nqcd dj cSBk FkkA lglk f'ko dh vka[kksa ls yiV dh Tokyk QwVhA
243
 dey flaFksfVDl ds ,d d{k esa pyrs bl –'; dks vkdk'k ls ns[krs gq, nsork
tc rd iqdkjrs fd jksdks&jksdks vius Øksèk dks] Qkbyksa dh ml drkj ds ihNs
fNik cSBk dkenso ty dj jk[k gks pqdk FkkA
f'ko lksp jgs Fks] & johUæukFk dh dfork & blus Vkbi dh vkSj bl Qkby esa
j[k nh] bldk D;k eryc\
D;k eryc gS bldk\ & mUgksaus vkSj Hkh dfBu Loj esa mek ls iwNk &
mek flj >qdk;s [kM+h FkhA vk¡èkh esa dk¡irh yrk dh rjg og] Xykfu ls èkjrh esa
xM+h tk jgh FkhA
& dfg;s! f'ko us fQj dgkA
& dqN ugha lj! esjh NksVh cgu gS u jkfx.kh &
gksxh-----------------mlls D;k\
mls johUæukFk dh ,d dfork pkfg;s Fkh dkyst esa iks,Vªh daiVh'ku esa lqukus ds
fy;sA eSaus mlds fy;s ;g dfork Vkbi dh FkhA xyrh ls bl Qkby esa j[kh jg
xbZA
^cfgu ds fy;s Vkbi dh Fkh ;g! n¶rj esa cSB dj vki cfgu ds fy;s Vkbfiax
djrh gSaA n¶rj esa cSB dj n¶rj dk gh dke fd;k dhft;s u fd ?kj dkA^ &
f'ko us f>M+drs gq, dkg & 'ys tkb;s blsA^
&th lj! & mek us HkjkZ;s daB ls dgk vkSj Qkby mBk dj rsth ls d{k ls
fudy xbZA
f'ko dk eu v:igk;Z gSA 'kCn mls Nwrs ughaA dfork Hkh ughaA mlds dke ls
çlUu gksdj os dHkh&dHkh ç'kalk Hkjh –f"V ls mls ns[k ysrs FksA n¶rj ds nwljksa
yksxksa ds vkxs bldk mnkgj.k nsrs Fks & mek th dh rjg esgur ls dke djuk
lhf[k;s vki yksxA bl lcdk mlus dqN vkSj vFkZ D;ksa le>k\ vc muds vkxs
D;k eq¡g ysdj tk ldw¡xh\ & ;g lksprh gqbZ mek us dk;kZy; vèkh{kd uanhth dks
Nqêh dh vtÊ nh vkSj dk;kZy; ls ?kj pyh vkbZA

f'koLrq & vdkj.keso e;k HkfRlZrk mek] ,dk dfork ;fn r;k LoHkfxU;k —rs
dk;kZy;L; V³~d.k;U=s.k Vf³~drk rfgZ uSrsuk·Hkza fNUuEk~A vfLeu~ dk;kZy;s
fu;qfäHkkt brjs tuk% dk;kZy;le;s pRojcyhonkZ bo brLrr% l¥~pjfUr] f}=k
brjk efgykLrq vkfnola okrkZykisu Losrjo;usu ok dkya {ki;fUr] meSosdk Lodk;Za
loZFkk xkEHkh;Zs.k rRijr;k ;ksX;r;k p lEikn;fr bfr mek;k% nkf;Rocksèka loZFkk
eufl 'yk?kekuks·lkS 'fda djksfe] dFkeL;k euksekfyU;a
ef}"k;deiu;kehfr&fopkj;u~ prq"ikfndkeqifj me;ksfT>rka if¥~tdka nn'kZA
if¥~tdkeqn~?kkV;keklA
bQ nkm Lihds"V ukV-------------

244
Vf³~drs"osrs"kq v{kjs"kq fda orZr\s dkO;a [kYosrr~ me;k LoHkfxU;k% —rs Vf³~drEk~]
,rr~ rL;k oLrq] rL;S ns;Ek~] enh;HkRLuZ;k Hkhf"krk lk ,rn~ v=SoksfT>R; xrk&bfr
eufl —Rok ?kf.Vdka okn;kekl f'ko%A lekxrks Hk`R;%A
meknsoh rkonkdk;ZrkEk~A & f'ko vkfnns'kA
'kCnkFkZ & vdkj.keso ¾ fcuk fdlh dkj.kA fu;qfäHkkt% ¾ fu;qä gq;As
pRojcyhonZ bo ¾ pkSjkgs dh lk¡M+ dh rjgA vkfnole~ ¾ lEiw.kZ fnuA LoHkfxU;k%
—rs ¾ viuh cgu ds fy;sA prq"ikfndk ¾ dqlÊA
vuqokn &mlds tkus ds ckn f'ko lkspus yxs & ukgd gh eSaus mek dks ;ksa MiV
fn;kA mlus viuh cfgu ds fy;s n¶rj esa cSBdj ,d dfork Vkbi dj gh yh Fkh
rks blesa ,slk dkSu lk vijkèk Fkk\ bl n¶rj esa dke djus okys nwljs deZpkjh
n¶rj ds le; pkSjkgs ds lk¡M+ksa dh rjg ckgj ?kwers fQjrs gSa] vkSj Hkh nks efgyk,a
gSa n¶rj esa] os fnu Hkj xi'ki djrh gqbZ ;k LosVj cqurh gqbZ le; dkVrh gSaA bu
lc yksxksa esa ys ns dj mek gh gS] tks viuk dke xEHkhjrk vkSj rRijrk ls djrh
gSA esjs bl rjg MiV nsus ls t:j mls Bsl yxh gksxhA vkt feyh bu fpfë;ksa
ds tokc mls fy[kokuk gSA & ;g lksp dj mUgksaus ?kaVh ctkbZA pijklh vk;k] rks
mlls dgk & mekth dks cqyk ykvksA

meknsoh rq vèkhd{kegksn;kr~ vèkZfnolL;kodk'ka x`ghRok x`ga xrkA f'kjksosnuk

rkeckèkrA Hk`R;su lwfprEk~A
& Hkorq] Üoks nkL;kfe dxZnesrr~ rL;S bfr l³~dYI; f'koLrr~ dxZna if¥~tdkrks
fuLlk;Z prq"ik|a LFkkfirokUk~A
lÜo% ukxr%A rr% ijeqek deyflUFksfVDldk;kZy;Hkoua u dnkI;k;krkA
vU;s|qjos klkS R;kxi=a Loh;a çsf"krorhA
oS;fädkj.kSjga lsoka R;tkfe] R;kxi=çLrqR;FkZe~ ,dekliwoZa e;k lwpuh;eklhRk~]
ijUrq xrkCns eáa ns; ,deklkofèk% {kfriwR;Zodk'kks·of'k"Va] reodk'ka çnk;
iwoZlwpus;a xzkásfr r= fyf[kreklhRA
i=fena çkI; f'ko'pfdr%A fdfeneqe;k —rE\ l oSdY;eUoHkoRk~A e;k áLrsu fnus
mek HkfRlZrkA vfi rLeknq}sftrk lk R;kxi=a çkfg.kksRk~\ fda djksfe\ d tkuh;ka fda
dkj.kfefr fpUrkpfpZrpsrlLrL; xrkfu =hf.k fnukfuA dk;kZy;s dk;ZckgqY;e~
dqrks·odk'k% fdefi fopkjf;rqEk~A rFkkfi eufl fdefi dhfyrEk~A
^^ {kfriwR;Zodk'kLrq LohfØ;rs] rFkkfi R;kxi=ijkorZuk; meknsO;S voljks ns; ^^
bfr R;kxi=eqifj LofVIi.ke³~df;Rok·lkS dk;kZy;kèkh{kdk; rr~ lkj;keklA
'kCnkFkZ& vèkZfnolL; ¾ vkèks fnu dkA f'kjksosnuk ¾ f'kjnnZA vU;s|q% ¾ nwljs
fnuA oS;fäddkj.kS% ¾ O;fäxr dkj.kksa lsA dk;ZckgqY;e~ ¾ dk;Z dh vfèkdrkA
vuqokn &pijklh ds tkus ij Vscqy ij lkeus iM+s i=ksa dks rjrhcokj yxkus yxs]
rHkh mek dk og dkxt gkFk esa vk x;k] ftl ij Vkbi fd;k gqvk Fkk &
bQ nkm LihdsLV ukV] vk; fcy fQy 245
 ekb gkVZ foFk nkb lk;ysal ,aM gaMîksj bV-------------
vjs] mek viuk ;g dkxt ;gha NksM+ xbZA Bhd gS] mlds vkus ij dkxt mls ns
dj dg nw¡xk & 'yhft;s ;g viuh cfgu dks ns nhft;s' rHkh pijklh us vk dj
crk;k & mek nsoh] uanh lkgc dks vkèks fnu dh Nqêh dh nj[kkLr ns dj pyh
xbZ gSA mudh rch;r [kjkc gks xbZ FkhA
Bhd gS] dy mek ds vkus ij mldk dkxt mls ns nw¡xkA & f'ko us lkspkA
ij og dy fQj ugha vk;kA vxys fnu mek us ukSdjh ls bLrhQk Hkst fn;kA
fy[kk & O;fäxr dkj.kksa ls eSa ukSdjh NksM+ jgh gw¡A R;kxi= nsus ds fy;s ,d
eghus dk uksfVl nsuk pkfg;s] esjk fiNys lky dk ,d efgus dk {kfriwfrZ vodk'k
ckdh gS] mls Loh—r djds ,d eghus dk uksfVl mlesa lek;ksftr dj ysus dk
d"V djsaA
f'ko pfdr jg x;sA mek us ;g D;k fd;k\ os eu esa fofp= fodyrk dk vuqHko
djus yxsA dy mek dks MiV fn;k Fkk] D;k blh ij mlus bLrhQk ns fn;k\
R;kxi= ij fy[k fn;k Fkk & ^^{kfriwfrZ vodk'k Loh—r fd;k tk;] fQj Hkh
deZpkjh dh ;ksX;rk vkSj vHkh rd ds mlds fjdkMZ dks ns[krs gq, R;kxi= okil
ysus dk volj Hkh fn;k tk;A^^
& bèkj bl vk'k; dk i= dk;kZy; vèkh{kd dh vksj ls mek ds ?kj ds irs ij
pyk Hkh x;kA
R;kxi=ijkorZuL; dkfi okrkZ uk·HkwRk~A f'kof'pUr;fr Le------dL; L[kyua tkrE]
dsuk·= çekfnrEk~A vfi mekelkS lE;³~ cq)okU\ d{kkfUuLljUrh lk ofyrdUèkjs.k
onusu dFka reoyksd;kekl! lglk fdeI;LQqjr~ f'koL; psrfl\ rFkk dnkfpr~
iqjk·I;lkS voyksfdr%A fgeçLFkuxjLFka Hkoua fogk; ;nk·lkS ;kfr Le] rnk
ikÜoZLFkHkouL;k·èkkZsUeqädikVkr~ XykU;k Xyfira fo"kknfogra ;Uu;ua ra fujh{k.ks Le]
rn~ jkfx.;k vklhfnfr rnkuhelkoeU;rA fdUrq bnkuheoxra & lk –f"V#ek;k ,o
vklhn~] u jkfx.;k%A
mek] mesfr f'koL; âÙkU«; bnkuha >³~dqoZfUrA
vFkSdnk·lkS Lo;eso fgeçLFkuxja xRok mek;k% firjkS nn'kZA
& meknsO;k dsu dkj.ksu lsok R;äk] vfi lk vLoLFksfr ç"Vqekxrks·fLeA bR;wpsA
'kCnkFkZ & R;kxi=ijkorZuL; ¾R;kxi= ykSVkus ds fy;sA L[kyue~ & xyrhA
fuLljUrh ¾ fudyrh gq;hA iqjk ¾igys HkhA fo"kkn ls fogrA ikÜoZLFkHkouL; ¾
lehi ds Hkou dsA âÙkU«;% ¾ ân; dh rfU=;k¡A
vuqokn & R;kxi= ykSVkus dh dksbZ ckr ugha gqbZA f'ko fopkj dj jgs Fks
&&&&&&&&& blesa fdldh xyrh gS] fdlus çekn fd;k gSA f'ko dks yxus
yxk fd D;k vHkh rd os mek dks le> ugha ik;s Fks\ d{k ls fudyrh gq;h ikoZrh
us dUèkkv ?kqek dj mls dSls ns[kk FkkA lglk f'ko ds Hkhrj dqN dkSaèkkA bl rjg
os igys Hkh ns[ks x;s gSaA fgeçLFkuxj okyk edku [kkyh dj ds tkrs le; iM+kl s
ds edku ds vèk[kqys fdokM+ ls mUgsa >k¡d dj Xykfu vkSj fo"kkn ds lkFk ftlus
246
rkdk Fkk] os le>rs Fks fd og jkfx.kh gS] mek dh NksVh cfguA ugha] vc le> esa
vk x;k] og jkfx.kh ugha FkhA nksuksa cguksa dk psgjk dkQh dqN feyrk&tqyrk gS]
ij os vk¡[ksa] vkSj og –f"V mek dh gh gks ldrh FkhA
jkfxuh dh tcku cgqr T;knk pyrh gSA mek cksyrh de gS] mldh vk¡[kksa ls tks
>yd tkrk gS] mls ml rjg dgk Hkh ugha tk ldrkA
f'ko tks Hkhrj mek&mek dh >adkj mBrh jghA vkf[kjdkj ,d fnu os
fgeçLFkuxj mek ds ekrk&firk ls feyus tk gh igq¡psA 'mek th esjs n¶rj esa
dke djrh Fkha] eSa igys vkids iM+kl
s esa gh jgrk FkkA mUgksaus ukSdjh fdl otg ls
NksM+ nh] D;k LokLF; Bhd ugha gS & ;g tkuus ds fy;s pyk vk;k
ckrsa cukuk f'ko dks vkrk ughaA mek ds firk uxsUæ 'kekZ ls ;gh dg ik;sA

mek;k% firk uxsUæ'kekZ çkg & lkèkq —ra ;n~ HkoUr% lekxrk%A mek;kLrq ç—frjso
fofp=kA fdeFkZeu;k Jherka dk;kZy;s lsok Loh—rk] fdeFkZa p lglk gLrxrk·fi
lsok R;äk&bfr rq vga Lo;eso uk·oxPNkfeA dnkfpfn;a tkuh;kr~ dkj.kE' &
bR;qä~ok LoèkeZnkjku~ eSuknsohfef³~xrokUA
& ç—frLFkk u orZrs es oRlk] fdeU;Rk~\ bfr fufuZes"ka fuoZ.kZ;Urh f'koa txkn~
eSuknsohA
dkj.ka rq Kk;sr! fdeFkZa u lk ç—frLFkk!
eukd~ {kqCèk bok·oknhUuxsUæ%A
& Jherka —rs pk;is;eku;kfe] dkQha ok\ & eè; ,o fNRok rnkykia eSuknsoh
f'koa içPNA
& vyeyeqipkjs.k! pk;a x`ghRoSok·ga çfLFkr%A lkèk;kehnkuhEA
& f'ko% çfr"Bek.k bo l¥~tkr%A
& vjs] vjs! bRFka dFka Hkfork! Hkokuqek;k% dk;kZy;LokehA ;nk Hkokfug
fgeçLFkuxjs vLeRikÜoZs fuolfr Le] rnk rq ;nk dnk bg vk;kfr LeA bnkuha
rq loZFkk Jherka n'kZua nqyZHka tkre~ & bfr lkxzga fu#è; f'koa eSuk jlorha
xrkA
& mek dq=fpr~ xrk orZrAs & uxsUæ dFk;UuklhRk~A
& osrua fdefi ns;a orZrs meknsO;k%A rnfi u x`ghra r;kA
& dFka lk ,oeU;euLdk tkrk!
rnkuhesoksek;k% duh;lh Hkfxuh jkfx.kh pk;kfnda x`ghRok les;k;A f'koa lk
eukx~ #"Vso dVk{ks.kk·okyksd;Rk~A
& b;eqek;k vuqtkA & uxsUæ% i;Zpk;;Rk~A
& tkukfeA 'kuSjoknhfPNo%A
& mek·fi ifj.ksrO;k] b;efi--------------
'kCnkFkZ& LoèkeZnkjku~ ¾ viuh èkeZiRuh dksA fufuZe"s ke~ ¾ fcuk iyd >idk;sA
247
 dk;kZy;Lokeh ¾ vfèkdkjhA fuoZ.kZ;Urh ¾ ns[krh gq;hA fu#è; ¾ jksd djA
duh;lh ¾ NksVhA
vuqokn & mek ds firk uxsaæ 'kekZ cksys & ^^cgqr vPNk fd;k vkius] tks vk x;sA
mek dk rks LoHkko gh dqN vthc gSA igys rks ukSdjh djuk gh ugha pkgrh FkhA
dSls rks ;g vkids n¶rj esa ukSdjh djus dks ;g rS;kj gks xbZ] fQj dkgs dks
bLrhQk ns dj ?kj cSB xbZ & gekjs rks dqN le> esa ugha vk;kA ;s mldh ek¡ gS
& ;s dqN tkurh gk^^s & ikl esa] bl chp ikl esa vkdj cSB xbZ eSuk nso dks ckr
dj os dgus xysA
& th fBdkus ugha jgrk mek dk vkSj D;k\ & eSuknsoh us dgk] fQj f'ko dks
xgjh n`f"V ls rkdkA
& dksbZ otg rks gks] D;ksa fBdkus ugha jgrk mldk th\ & uxsaæ th us dqN fp<+
dj dgk & cM+h yM+dh gSA fookg dh ckr dbZ txg pyh] ,d ls ,d vPNs
yM+ds fey jgs Fks] lc ds fy;s euk djrh xbZ &
& vkids fy;s pk; ykš ;k dkQh\ chp esa gh ifr dh ckr dkV dj eSuk us
f'ko ls iwNkA
& vjs ughaA dqN d"V er dhft;sA cl pyw¡xk vcA dg dj f'ko mBus dks
gq,A
& vjs] vjs! d"V dh D;k ckrA vki mek ds v‚fQlj jgs gSa] vkSj gekjs iM+kslhA
brus fnuksa ckn vki vk;s & ,sls dSls pys tk;saxs dgrh gqbZ eSuknsoh jlksbZ
dh vksj pyh xbZA
& mek 'kk;n dgha xbZ gqbZ gS & uxsaæ th dgus yxs & jkfx.kh rks ?kj esa gS]
gekjh NksVh csVhA
& th & f'ko us dgkA
FkksM+h nsj esa pk; dh Vªs mBk;s gq, jkfxuh vkbZA pk; dk di idM+krs gq, mlus
f'ko dks frjNh utjksa ds lkFk rkdkA
& ;g mek ls NksVh gSA & uxsaæ 'kekZ dg jgs FksA
& ueLrs th & f'ko us bruk gh dgkA
jkfxuh dh dFkk &
f'ko% vJqRoSo Le`fryksds yhu%A jkxkUèkka jkfx.kha dFkelkS u tkuh;kRk~\ vL;keso
fgeçLFkuxjdkyoU;kelkS rnkuha U;olRk~A foèkqjthoue~ oufeo 'kwU;Ek~] ifjr%
çsroufeo tkxfrZ txRk~A
lrh ;nk vklhRk~] rnk jkfx.kh ;nk dnk f'koL; x`gekxPNfr LeA lrh lglSo
fno³~xrkA mijrk;ka rL;ka loZs lEcUèkk vfi fofPNUuk%A oSjkX;a f'koL; âfn
inedjksRA
,dnk rq ?kuPNUus O;ksfEu Eyk;fr okljs jfookljs vijkº.kdkys jkfx.kh rL;kokla
les;k;A

248
^^ukjhthou^^ if=dk vk;kfr Hkorka x`g-s ----------iqjk vga nhnhH;ks x`ghRok u;kfeA
bnkuha rk u lfUrA i';rq ;fn uok³~d% L;kRk~----------------
^^nhnh'fr ina lglk f'koL; âUeeZoz.ka LQksV;keklA iqjkHkwr% 'kksdks uohHkou~ O;Fkka
rrkuA l rw".kha 'ukjhthou^^ if=dk;k ;a deI;³~deqRFkkI; rL;S leiZ;Rk~] x`ghRok
lk ;kL;rhR;is{k;k rLFkkSA fdUrq jkfx.kh ukukfoèka tYiUrh r=SoklA
& ;nk çHk`fr nhnh% fnoa xrk] Hkoku~ loZFkk ,dkdh l¥~tkr%A uSo jers Hkorka
euks uwuEk~A rfgZ vijks fookg% fda u fØ;rs\ dks·Hkkoks Hkorka —rs fpj.VhukEk~\
& bfr fuxnUrh lk Loonua f'koL; nf{k.kka'ks U;nèkkRk~A
'kCnkFkZ & oufeo 'kwU;e~ ¾ taxy ds leku lwukA mijrk;ke~ ¾ e`R;q gks tkus ijA
çsroufeo ¾ 'e'kku ds taxy dh rjgA âUeeZoz.ke~ ¾ ân; ds ?kko dksA iqjkHkwr%
¾ iqjkuk gqvkA
vuqokn & f'ko jkfxuh ds ueLdkj dks lqus fcuk gh Le`fryksd esa [kks x;sA jkxkUèk
jkfxuh dks os tkurs gSa] fQj Hkh dguk ugha pkgk fd os mls tkurs gSaA blh
fgeçLFkuxjh dkyouh esa os ml le; jg jgs FksA ou ds leku 'kwU; foèkqjthou ]
pkjks vksj çsrou dh rjg QSyk lalkjA iRuh lrh tc Fkh] rc og vDlj ?kj
vkrh jgrh Fkh mek ftruh gh 'kkar vkSj LoYiHkkf"k.kh] jkfx.kh mruh gh ckrwuhA
lrh ds jgus ds dqN eghus ckn ,d fnu og muds ?kj vkbZ FkhA os vdsys blh
edku ds vkxs okys edku esa jgrs FksA lwus ou dh rjg foèkqj thou “e'kku dh
rjg lalkjA jfookj dk fnu nksigj dk le;A os Hkkstu dj ds ysVs gh Fks fd
dkycsy cthA njokts ij jkfx.kh FkhA os ns[kdj pkSadsA
& cl ;ksa gh vkbZ FkhA lkspk vkt rks brokj gS] vki ?kj ij gh gksaxAs og dgus
yxhA
os dqN ugha cksys FksA jkfx.kh Vh Vscqy ij iM+s v[kckj lesVus yxh FkhA & tc
lrh nhnh Fkha] rks lc phtsa djhus ls j[kh jgrh FkhaA & mlus dgk FkkA
lrh dk uke mlds eq¡g ij vkuk f'ko dks vPNk ugha yx jgk FkkA
& lrh nhnh ds u jgus ls vki cgqr vdsys gks x;s gSaA vc vki nwljh 'kknh
dj yhft;sA vkids fy;s yM+fd;ksa dh D;k deh\
f'ko'peR—r%A {k.kka'ksukRekua O;oLFkkI;k·lkS >fVfr nwjh—R; Lonsga
rUo³~X;kLrL;kLruksLrkE;fUuok··g& ^^e;k cfgxZUrO;Ek~A xPNrq HkorhA^^ & vjs]
,rkork 'kh?kzEk! & lLesja lfoLe;a jkfx.kh mokp & iqu% dnk lekxe%
L;kRk~\dqf¥~tdka rkyda p fo"Vjknknk; }kjkn~ cfgjkxR; f'kosu dfFkreklhr~ &
^^lekxeks u dnkfi HkforkA^^
f}&f=&fnolkuUrja ukjhthouif=dk³~dijkorZuk; lekxr;k jkfx.;k f'kox`ga
f'kosu 'kwU;h—reoyksfdra L;kRk~A f'koLRoU;s|qjso xqgeqfT>R; fgeçLFkuxjkn~
xzsVjdSykldkyouha lekxr%A
'kCnkFkZ & nwjh—R; ¾ nwj djdsA cfgxZUrO;e~ ¾ ckgj tkuk gSA lekxe% ¾
feyuA f}&f=&fnolkuUrje~ ¾ nks&rhu fnu cknA 'kwU;h—re~ ¾ fjäA
249
 vuqokn & ;g lqu dj f'ko peR—r gks mBsA {k.k Hkj esa vius dks lEgky dj
vius 'kjhj dks ml —'kxk=h muls ,d ne lV xbZ FkhA f'ko vius dks nwj djrs
gq;s ls cksys & eq>s ckgj tkuk gSA vki Hkh tk;sAa ;g lqudj jkfxuh cksyh vjs
bruh tYnh \ eqLdqjkrh gq;h fofLer jkfxuh us dgk & fQj dc feyu gksxk \
rkyk pkHkh mBkdj }kj ls ckgj vkdj f'ko us dgk Fkk & lekxe dHkh ugha
gksxkA nks rhu fnuksa ds ckn ukjhthou if=dk dk vad ykSVkus ds cgkus vkbZ
jkfxuh us ns[kk f'ko dk ?kj [kkyh iM+k gqvk gSA f'ko us nwljs gh fnu ?kj NksM+ dj
xzsVj dSykl uked dkyouh pys x;s FksA
¼bl chp vusd ?kVuk;sa ?kVhaA mek us ,d fo|ky; esa ukSdjh dj fy;k ½

& Qsczqvjhekl vkxr%A ikBîØeks·oflrçk;%A fo|ky;L;ks|kus dUnqdiq"ikf.k

Dofpf)j.e;kfu Dofpn~ jäihrdfi'kkfu fodlfUrA f'kf{kdk lkekU;d{k
vklhuk vkyifUr] foglfUr foylfUr pA meSo ,dkfduh m|kus
f'kykiêesdeè;klhuk fdefi è;k;fr] fuè;k;fr] èkkj;fr pkRekuEA
,dnk rq ,oesoks|kus fLFkrk;ka rL;ka Hk`R;k Hkkuqerh vkxR; çkg & çkpk;kZ
vkdkj;fUr HkorhfefrA
& meknsfo] fo|ky;L; okf"kZdksRlo vk;kstuh;%A r= lkaL—frddk;ZØeL;
O;oLFkk HkoR;k foèks;kA & çkpk;kZ dFk;fr LeA
'kCnkFkZ & voflrçk;% ¾ lekIrçk;A dUnqdiq"ikf.k ¾ xsansa ds QwyA ,dkfduh ¾
vdsyhA
vuqokn & Qjojh eghuk vkx;kA ikBîØe çk;% lekIr gks jgk FkkA fo|ky; ds
cxhps esa xsans ds Qwy f[kys Fks & dgha lqugjs ] dgha yky] ihys vkSj dfi'kA
f'kf{kdk;sa lkekU; d{k esa cSB dj okrkZyki djrha vkSj glrhA mek cxhps esa
vdsyh ,d f'kykiê ij cSB dj dqN lksp jgh Fkh vkSj vius dks lEgky jgh FkhA
,dckj og blh çdkj m|ku esa cSBh Fkh rHkh lsfodk us vkdj dgk & çkpk;kZ
vkidks cqyk jgh gSAa fo|ky; dk okf"kZdksRlo vk;ksftr djuk gSA lk¡L—frd
dk;ZØe dh O;oLFkk vkidks ns[kuh gS & çkp;kZ ,slk dg jgha FkhaA
e;k\
& vkEk~] HkoR;SoA ,oa foLQkfjrykspukH;ka eka fdeFkZeoyksd;fr Hkorh\ xro"kZa
;kor~ iqjkf.kdegksn;k lkaL—frddk;ZØea la;kst;fr Le fo|ky; ,rfLeUk~A
rL;k% LFkkus HkoR;k fu;qfätkZrkA vfi Le;Zrs&e;k lk{kkRdkj ,o Hkorh
i`"Vk&lkaL—frddk;ZØe% dkjf;rqa 'k{;fr Hkorh ok u osfrA HkoR;k mÙkja
nÙkeklhRk~&vo';a 'k{;kfefrA
mek vokd~ fLFkrkA
'kCnkFkZ & foLQkfjrus=kH;ke~ ¾ vk¡[ks QkM+ djA

250 vuqokn & eq>s \ gk¡] vkidks ghA vki eq>s bl çdkj vk¡[k QkM+ dj D;ksa ns[k jgha
 gSaA fiNys o"kZ rd bl fo|ky; esa iqjkf.kd th lk¡L—frd dk;ZØe dk
la;kstu djrs FksA muds LFkku ij vkidh fu;qfä gqbZ gSA tgk¡ rd eq>s ;kn
gS & vkils lk{kkRdkj ds le; gh iwNk x;k Fkk & lk¡L—frd dk;ZØe djk
ldrh vki \ vkius mÙkj fn;k Fkk & vo'; djk ldrh gw¡A ;g lqu dj
mek pqi cSBh jghA
dh–'k% lkaL—frddk;ZØe% Nk=hfHk;kZstuh;%\ lk loZFkk
LokRekuelgk;keUoHkwr~A vfLeu~ fo|ky;s f'kf{kdkH;% lk i`FkDHkwrkA rklka
opksfHk% Lookpa u feJ;fr] u rnkuulEeq[khuk fr"BfrA çk;% ifjgjfr rk%A rk
vfi lokZ ,ukeg³~dkjxzLrkeqPprkxzfUFkdqf.Brka ok dy;fUrA ,oa fLFkrs dkfi
lkaL—frdk;ZØelek;kstus rL;k lkgk¸;a dfj";rhfr u lEHkkO;rsA
'kCnkFkZ & Nk=kfHk% ¾ Nk=kvksa ds }kjkA LokRekue~ ¾ vius vkidksA
rnkuulEeq[khuk ¾ muds lEeq[kA
çkpk;kZ ls mek us iwNk & gekjs fo|ky; dh Nk=kvksa dks fdl çdkj dk
lk¡L—frd dk;ZØe djuk gSA og bl fo|ky; esa vius dks loZFkk vlgk; ik
jgh FkhA bl fo|ky; dh f'kf{kdkvksa ls og vyx FkhA og dHkh muls ckr
ugha djrh Fkh ] og muds lEeq[k Hkh ugha cSBrh FkhA çk;% muls nwj gh jgrh
FkhA os lHkh vè;kfidk;sa Hkh bls vgadkjxzLr ekurh FkhaA ,sls esa lk¡L—frd
dk;ZØe ds vk;kstu esa dksbZ mldh lgk;rk djsxk ] ;g lEHko ugha yx jgk
FkkA
fpUrkxzLrk mek x`ga ijko`ÙkkA tuU;k eSuknsO;k –"Va&nqfgrk loZFkk 'kq"deq[kh
lUuxk=h Eykuu;uk pA lk·uq;q;kst&vfi DykUrk·fl\ fo|ky;s fdefi
opuh;a tkrEk~A
& u fdefiA & vfr laf{kIreoknhnqekA
& fdefi v'kuh;eku;kfe pk;is;a ok\
iqujfi u fdeihR;qäoksek Lod{ka çfoos'kA eSuk rRd{kfn'ka 'kwU;u;ukH;ka
fuoZ.kZ;Urh fLFkrkA dsu dLek}k [ksfnra f[kUua ok mek;k eu bfr lk Kkrqa u
'kDuksfr] mek;k nq%[ka lEHkkO; lglzxq.kh&—R; p rr~ Lo;a rkE;frA
'kCnkFkZ & ijko`Ùkk ¾ ykSVhA 'kq"deq[kh ¾ lw[ks eq[k okyhA
vuqokn & fpUrkxzLr mek ?kj ykSVhA eSuk nsoh us ns[kk fd iq=h mek dk eq[k
lw[k x;k gS] 'kjhj lqUu gS rFkk us= Eyku gSAa mlus iwNk & D;k Fkd x;h gks
\ fo|ky; esa fdlh ls ckrphr gks x;h gS D;k \
dqN ugha \ mek vfr la{ksi esa cksyhA
dqN [kkus ds fy;s ykš ;k pk; ykš \
fQj ls – dqN ugha dgdj mek vius d{k esa çfo"V gks x;hA eSuk 'kwU; us=ksa
ls mlds d{k dh vksj ns[krh jghA fdl dkj.k ;k fdl ds }kjk mek dk eu
f[kUu fd;k x;k gS ];g eSuk ugha tku ik;hA mek dks nq%[kh ns[kdj og
mlls vfèkd nq%[kh gksus yxhA
251
 mek 'kkfVdka ifjoR;Z i;Z³~ds f'k';sA eSuk nsoh iqujfi ç"Vqekxrk & vfi
vLoLFkk·fl! fda tkrE\
& fdefi u tkre~ ekr%A vya fpUr;kA
i;Z³~ddks.ks fu"k..kk eSuk nsoh rL;k yykVa ijke`'kr~ 'kuS% leokg;PpA me;k
us=a fuehfyrEkA
vFk rka lqIrka eRok eSuknsoh fu%'kCna d{kkn~ fofuxZrkA
mek vfpUr;Rk~&leL;k enh;kA fDy'ukfr ekrjEk~A fda ijs"kka Dys'kk;So
thokE;gEk~\ dey& lUFkSfVDldk;kZy;s f'koks ;Uu ok¥~Nfr rUe;k —rEk~A
i'pkr~ f'kos x`gekxrs vga u fefyrk-----------
f'ko%] f'ko%] f'ko% & bfr eqgqeZqgqeZufl tqxq¥~tA f'koLrL;k% dkE;%A ija l u
yCèk%A l v:igk;Z%A :ia fRona oUè;Ek~A
'kCnkFkZ – ç"Vqe~ ¾ iwNusA i;Z³~ddks.ks ¾ iyx ds dksus esAa
vuqokn & mek lkM+h cny dj iyax esa lks x;hA mek iqu% iwNus vk;hA rqe
vLoLFk gks \ D;k gqvk \
& dqN ugha ek¡A vki fpUrk er dhft;sA
& iyx ds dksus esa cSBh eSuk mlds ekFks dks lgykus yxhA mek us vk¡[k cUn
dj fy;kA mls lks;h tkudj eSuk mlds dejs ls ckgj fudy x;hA
& mek us lkspk – leL;k esjh gS fdUrq ekrk dks d"V nsrh gSA D;k eSa nwljksa dks
nq%[k nsus ds fy;s gh th jgh gw¡ \ dey flUFksfVDl dk;kZy; esa f'ko tks ugha
pkgrk Fkk ] og eSus fd;kA fQj tc f'ko ?kj vk; rks eSa mlls ugha feyhA
& mlds eu esa ckj ckj f'ko f'ko xw¡t jgk FkkA og f'ko dks pkgrh FkhAij og
mls çkIr ugha gqvkA mls :i ls ugha thrk tk ldrkA ;g :i rks oUè; gSA

bl bdkbZ esa vkius i<+k fd enungu mik[;ku esa dfo us egkdfo dkfynkl ds
dqekjlEHko egkdkO; dks vkèkqfud ifjçs{; esa la;ksftr fd;k gSA blesa dqekjlEHko
esa çfrikfnr f'ko vkSj mek ds vkn'kZ thou dk çHkko gSA dfo us vkèkqfud
ifjçs{; esa f'ko vkSj mek ds pfj= dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA mik[;ku ds vkjEHk esa
f'ko vius dk;kZy; esa mifLFkr jgrs gSaA muds lkeus Qkbyksa dk lewg iM+k FkkA
muds chp fdlh Qkby dks ns[k dj os lekfèkLFk gks x;s FksA mek vkbZ vkSj f'ko
ds lkeus viuk Vkbi fd;k gqvk esVj muds ikl j[k fn;kA f'ko us Qkby [kksyrs
gh ns[kk fd lc dqN 'kq) Vkbi gS fdUrq ,d ist ij johUæukFk VSxksj dh dfork
Vkbi FkhA ;g ns[k dj f'ko mek ij Øq) gks mBsA mUgksaus mek dks MkVrs gq;s iwNk
– ;g D;k gS \ mek Hk;Hkhr gksdj cksyh fd ;g dfork mlus viuh cgu jkfxuh
ds fy;s Vkbi dh gSA f'ko vkSj Hkh HkM+d mBsA mek dk ?kj dk dke dk;kZy; esa
djuk f'ko dks ugha Hkk;kA nq%[kh gksdj mek us dk;kZy; ls vodk'k ys fy;kA ;g
252 tkudj f'ko dks [ksn gqvkA mek dk irk yxkus ds fy;s f'ko mlds ?kj tk igqpsA
mlds firk uxsUæ 'kekZ ls ckrphr gq;hA jkfxuh dks ogk¡ ns[kdj os iwoZ Le`fr;ksa esa
[kks x;sA tc f'ko dh iRuh lrh thfor Fkh rc jkfxuh muds ?kj vkrh tkrh Fkh
fdUrq mldh e`R;q ds ckn og muds ?kj ugha vk;hA mek ds firk uxsaæ 'kekZ cksys
& 'cgqr vPNk fd;k vkius] tks vk x;sA mek dk rks LoHkko gh dqN vthc gSA
igys rks ukSdjh djuk gh ugha pkgrh FkhA dSls rks ;g vkids n¶rj esa ukSdjh
djus dks ;g rS;kj gks xbZ] fQj dkgs dks bLrhQk ns dj ?kj cSB xbZ & gekjs rks
dqN le> esa ugha vk;kA ;s mldh ek¡ gS& 'kk;n ;s dqN tkurh gks'AeSuk us
iwNk&
vkids fy;s pk; ykš ;k dkQh\ chp esa gh ifr dh ckr dkV dj eSuk us f'ko ls
iwNkA
& vjs ughaA dqN d"V er dhft;sA cl pyw¡xk vcA dg dj f'ko mBus dks
gq,A
& vjs] vjs! d"V dh D;k ckrA vki mek ds v‚fQlj jgs gSa] vkSj gekjs iM+kslhA
brus fnuksa ckn vki vk;s & ,sls dSls pys tk;saxs dgrh gqbZ eSuknsoh jlksbZ
dh vksj pyh xbZA
& mek 'kk;n dgha xbZ gqbZ gS & uxsaæ th dgus yxs & jkfx.kh rks ?kj esa gS]
gekjh NksVh csVhA
& th & f'ko us dgkA
FkksM+h nsj esa pk; dh Vªs mBk;s gq, jkfxuh vkbZA pk; dk di idM+krs gq,
mlus f'ko dks frjNh utjksa ds lkFk rkdkA
& ;g mek ls NksVh gSA & uxsaæ 'kekZ dg jgs FksA
& ueLrs th & f'ko us bruk gh dgkAvUrr% f'ko dh eqykdkr mek ls gksrh gSA
f'ko us mls dk;kZy; vkdj viuk 'ks"k osru ysus rFkk og dfork ysus ds fy;s
dgkA eSuk nsoh }kj rd NksM+us vkbZA dgus yxh & vk;k dhft;s dHkh&dHkhA
vki rks ,dne ls iM+kSl NksM+ dj pys x;s gekjk] fQj [kcj Hkh ugha yhA'
& th & f'ko us fQj bruk gh dgkA
& mek fdlh Ldwy esa ukSdjh dk baVjO;w nsus xbZ gSA ludh yM+dh gSA vkidh
rks rkjhQ djrh gSA n¶rj esa Hkh fdlh ls dksbZ f'kdk;r ughaA fQj Hkh ukSdjh
NksM+ dj cSB xbZA ukSdjh vc bruh vklkuh ls feyrh gS D;k\
olar chr x;kA xeÊ esa fpyfpykrh èkwi esa nks&rhu eghus HkVdrs jgus ds ckn
mek dks vkf[kjdkj ,d Ldwy esa ukSdjh fey gh xbZA
Ldwy dh fçafliy cgqr l[r vkSj vuq'kklu fç; gSaA f'kf{kdkvksa ds cgqr ltèkt
dj vkus ls os fp<+rh gSa] vkSj le; ij u igq¡pus ij rks mudh cqjh [kcj ysrh gSaA
MiVrh ,sls gSa fd f'kf{kdkvksa dk ilhuk NwV tkrk gSA ij mek ls dqN dgk&lquh
gks] ,slk volj vk;k gh ughaA bl fo|ky; esa ukSdjh feyrs gh mek tSls cny gh
x;hA lkt J`axkj esa dksbZ #ph ugha jg xbZA tc rd dey flaFksfVDl ds n¶rj
esa Fkh] jkst ubZ lkM+h igurh FkhA vkbus ds lkeus ?kaVksa cSBh jgrhA vius gh :i
ij eqXèk gks tkrhA vc tSls diM+ksa dk] cuko flaxkj dks dksbZ gks'k gh ughaA iwjk
è;ku i<+kus esa jgrkA [kkyh ?kaVs esa fo|ky; ds iqLrdky; esa tk cSBrhA i<+kus ds
253
 fy;s vPNh rS;kjh djus dk tru djrh] ;gk¡ rd fd mlds fy;s fdrkcsa ifCyd
ykbczsjh ls tk dj ykrhA
le; ikdj f'ko us mek ds çfr viuk ç.k; O;ä fd;kA fdUrq mek us mlds
ç.k; dks euk dj fn;k vkSj f'ko okil pyk x;kA ;g bl mik[;ku dk va'kek=
gSA 'ks"k va'k ewy iqLrd ls i<+uk pkfg;sA

nÙk–f"V% ¾ vk¡[k xM+k djA

fuokrfu"dEinhid% ¾ fuokr esa j[kk fu"dEi nhidA
dk;kZy;Lokfeu% ¾ dk;kZy; ds vfèkdkjhA
fuxnUrh ¾ dgrh gq;hA
fuè;k;Urh ¾ è;ku djrh gq;hA
LoèkeZnkjku~ ¾ viuh èkeZiRuh dksA
fufuZes"ke~ ¾ fcuk iyd >idk;sA
dk;kZy;Lokeh ¾ vfèkdkjhA
fuoZ.kZ;Urh ¾ ns[krh gq;hA
fu#è; ¾ jksd djA
duh;lh ¾ NksVhA

1- mik[;kuekfydk] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] çfrHkk çdk'ku ] fnYyh ] 1999

2- laL—r lkfgR; dk lexz bfrgkl] prqFkZ [k.M ] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] U;w
Hkkjrh; cqd dkjiksjs'ku] fnYyh] 2018
3- jkèkkoYyHk dh leh{kk& ijEijk ] jekdkUr ik.Ms;] bZLVuZ cqd fyUdlZ ]
fnYyh] 2013
4- laL—r ds vfHkuo jpukèkeÊ & jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] dqlqe Hkwfj;k ] lR;a
ifCyds'kUl ] fnYyh]2014
5- jkèkkoYyHk dh lkjLorlkèkuk] jekdkUr ik.Ms;] bZLVuZ cqd fyadlZ ] fnYyh]
2013

1- enungu mik[;ku dk lkj vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k;sA

2- jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft;sA
3- enungu mik[;ku esa çfrfofEcr ;qxcksèk dks çLrqr dfj;sA

254
4- f'ko dk pfj=fp=.k dhft;sA
5- mek dk pfj= fp=.k dhft;sA

1- mik[;kuekfydk] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] çfrHkk çdk'ku ] fnYyh ] 1999

2- laL—r lkfgR; dk lexz bfrgkl] prqFkZ [k.M ] jkèkkoYyHk f=ikBh] U;w
Hkkjrh; cqd dkjiksjs'ku] fnYyh] 2018

255
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