China National Logging Corporation

Vertical Seismic Profile

(VSP Log)

CNLC,IRAQ
2022
 China National Logging Corporation

VERTICAL SEISMIC PROFILE

(VSP)
 China National Logging Corporation

Contents
1. VSP Introduction
2. Types of VSP Survey
3. Logging Equipment for VSP
a) Downhole Tools
b) Surface system
c) Seismic Sources
4. VSP Field Operation
 China National Logging Corporation

VERTICAL SEISMIC PROFILE

(VSP)
Introduction
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VSP Introduction
Rig site
Recording Truck
CNLC

Seismic Source
Deep Wellbore
Downgoing Seismic Wavelet

Geophone

Shot on the surface, record in the borehole

Downhole geophones are up to 8 levels
Two guns shot synchronized
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VSP Introduction

S=VT
The equation is theory basic and principle of VSP
(1) S means distance
(2) V means velocity
(3) T means time
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VSP Introduction

FEATURES OF VSP:
① The ability to record the real seismic trace in the bore hole
rather than relying on a synthetically generated GEOGRAM.

② Establishment of a precise link between the surface seismic

results and well logs,since the VSP is a high resolution
velocity layers near surface only once.

③ The recording of signals with an improved high frequency

content ,since they cross the highly absorptive low velocity
layers near surface only once.
 China National Logging Corporation

VSP Introduction

FEATURES OF VSP:
④ An improvement in vertical resolution resulting in better
horizontal resolution the ability to see edges,pinch outs
porosity barriers and faults.

⑤ The ability to record reflector signals which are not

received at surface. This is particularly useful in
structurally complex areas.
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VSP Introduction

Auxiliary seismic
channels

Downhole seismic Amplitude

channels spectra

WaveControl software – Single shot and stack display

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VSP Introduction
Depth axis

First break picks

Time axis

Display of VZ, HX or
HY components

WaveControl software – Final plot

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VSP Introduction
Applications
• Identification of Seismic Reflectors

• Providing more accuracy velocity

• Predicting depths to seismic reflectors

• Image of the VSP data

• Correlation with logs and existing seismic lines

• Dip evaluation

• Fault delineation

• Structure delineation

• Determining the Physical Properties of Rocks

• Dip evaluation
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Types of VSP Survey

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VSP Survey Type

1. Rig source VSP ( Zero-offset) (vertical and deviated well)

2. Remote source VSP (Offset)
3. Vertical Incidence VSP (deviated well)
4. Walkaway VSP (vertical well)
5. Walkalong VSP
6. Walkaround VSP
7. Walkaskew VSP
8. Cross-hole surveys
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VSP Survey Type

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VSP Survey Type

RIG SOURCE VSP (ZERO-OFFSET VSP)

Rig source VSP, which the source is near the borehole, the
source offset is not more than 1/20 borehole depth
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VSP Survey Type

Check Shot (Velocity Survey)

Check Shot, which is also named Velocity Survey, Mud logging profile
or Logging curve should be referenced in making shoot program.
Unless the client specifically requested it, there is no point in shooting
levels which are closer than about 100 meters to each other as at
intervals less than this the Interval Velocity value are unreliable
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VSP Survey Type

OFFSET SOURCE VSP

OFFSET VSP, the source position and the distance between the source and
the borehole is designed by Raypaths calculated and reflection Module , the
offset is normally not more than the well depth
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VSP Survey Type

WALKAWAY VSP

Shoot Line

WALKAWAY, the energy source position variety shot by shot,

for detecting the area below the fixed Geophone
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VSP Survey Type

Walk around VSP

Source Line

• Walkaround

The survey dipicted here is a simple subset of the 3D VSP, its only purpose
would be to investigate anisotropic or effects caused by variation of reflection
strength with direction of arrival ( “pseudo AVO”).
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VSP Survey Type

Three Dimension(3D) VSP

Source Line
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VSP Survey Type

Vertical Incident In The Deviated Well

B Shooting Circle
A

ZA
ZB
When recording VSP data in a Deviated borehole, the energy source should be positioned vertically
above the geophone. In practice, the energy source is allowed to be anywhere within a circle centered
directly above the geophone and having a diameter that is 2 or 3 percent of the vertical depth to the
geophone. These shooting circles thus decrease in size as the geophone proceeds up the well toward
the surface.
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Logging Equipment for VSP

a) Downhole Tools
b) Surface system
c) Seismic Sources
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Logging Equipment for VSP

SPECIFICATION:
 EXTREME WORKING CONDITIONS
High Temperature : 400°F / 205°C
High Pressure : 25,000 PSI / 1,725 bar
 HIGHEST PRODUCTIVITY ON STANDARD WIRELINE
Up to 120 levels
Longest array : 3,000 m
 FASTER & SAFER OPERATIONS
Revolutionary deployment : only 2 min/level
Monitoring during deployment
Fail-safe design

DOWNHOLE TOOLS:
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VSP Downhole Tools

GTCU
GGRU (optional)
GCLU (optional)
GHTU (High Speed Telemetry)

GAU (GSU + GDU)

Up to 32 levels 3C
24 bits ADC digitizer
¼…4 ms sampling rate
GAU (GSU + GDU)

GWUS
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VSP Downhole Tools

GAU- Geowaves Acquisiton Unit

• High Temperature & High Pressure resistant
- Designed with specifically built for purpose hermetic
components for reliable performance
- Optional 30,000 psi / 2,070 bar pressure housing
• High productivity
- Industry best telemetry rate on standard wirelines ( up to
4,2 Mbits/s)
- Up to 120 levels (3 components) and up to 3000 m
antenna aperture on standard wireline
• Faster & Safer operations
- Safe and efficient deployment (less than 2 minutes per
tool) due to a new revolutionary method (patent pending)
- Continuous monitoring of the system performance during
the deployment
- Quick “screw on” arm extensions of different sizes
• High flexibility
- Tractor Compatible for deployment in horizontal and highly
deviated well
- Compatible with Sercel GRC pressure & temperature gauges
for real time combined seismic and P&T acquisition
- Each electronics board tracks exposure to temperature,
with real time user interface, allowing proactive preventive
maintenance management
- Optional additional dual geophone sub to achieve quad
geophone package
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VSP Downhole Tools

GCLU- GeoWaves Gamma Ray Unit
GCLU- GeoWaves Casing Locator
Unit

Gamma Ray Unit allows exact Casing Collar Locator Unit allows
depth correlation using natural exact depth correlation in cased
gamma ray reading. hole environment.
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VSP Downhole Tools

GJC- GeoWaves Junction Cable GTCU- GeoWaves Tension Compression Unit

Tension Compression Unit allows precise

Junction Cable allows tension measurement for safe downhole
system connectionto a 7 conductor operation, and reliable compression
cable measurement for drill pipe or coiled tubing
deployment.
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VSP Downhole Tools

GIC- GeoWaves Intertool Cable

Intertool cable (available at various lengths)

allow quick connection between downhole
tools. Use of coaxial cable increases the
overall reliability of the system by decreasing
the number of connections.

GWUS- Downhole Weight Unit Sensor

Weight Unit is designed to guide the system in the well and to

give an early warning of the system hangup.
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VSP Surface System

Common to all Sercel downhole strings,
WaveLab acquisition panel includes :
• Power Supply Module.
• Telemetry interface.
• Interconnecting box (sources and surface
channels control).
• GPS Synchronization.
Acquisition PCS include:
• One laptop for the system control.
• One laptop for the data acquisition & QC.
• Software to be installed on the logging unit
PCs
(if hardware/software compatible).
• Single PC acquisition is possible.
• Industrial rackable PC can be supplied
instead of laptops.
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Hotshot
VSP Surface System
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Seismic Sources
To choose one kind of sources, there are some key factors:
1. Energy ( for penetration)
2. Impulsive signature ( for resolution)
3. Repeatability ( for data processing)
4. Safety and security
5. Portability
6. Cost effectiveness
7. Maintainability

Explosive Source Vibrator Source Airgun Source

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Seismic Sources

Airgun source
High-Pressure Air
Solenoid Valve Connect To Fire Loom

High-Pressure Air

Port Shuttle

High-Pressure Air

Charged and Ready for Fire Firing

CNLC
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Seismic Sources
G.Gun II : A complete range
The G. GUN II is the safest, easiest-to-use and
most reliable air gun in the industry.
It offers a lightweight, compact solution for
consistent performance and flexibility
thanks to its advanced Volume Reducer
technology
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Seismic Sources
G GUN II Description and working principle
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Seismic Sources
VSP water pit design
 The maximum distance (Dm) between the well and the pit is 1/15 of the well depth.
 The minimum distance (Dm) between the well and the pit is 50 meters.
 The maximum distance between the logging truck and the pit is 50 meters due to the length of
cables from the logging truck cabin to the air guns.
 The water pit must be strong enough to resist the shock wave generated by the air guns, it’s
strongly suggested to cement the pit boundary to prevent any collapse, and a leakage test is also
necessary before the job.
 The VSP pit should be full of clean water before operation.
 Please use the GPS system to get the coordinates of the VSP pit.
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Seismic Sources
G. GUN FOR DELTA CLUSTE
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Seismic Sources
Air Compressor

• Ambient running temperature : - 10°C / +

40°C
• Nominal delivery rate : 100 Nm3 /h
• Noise level : 80 dbA at 1 m
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VSP field Operation

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VSP field Operation

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VSP field Operation

VSP Operation Main Steps:

CHECK THE EQUIPMENT IN THE WORKSHOP.

 PREPARATION WHEN ARRIVE THE WELLSITE

 PERFORM THE SURVEY

 FIELD PROCESSING (Workshop)

CNLC
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VSP field Operation

Operating Safety

Pneumatic High-pressure System

 ONLY to be operated by trained and qualified personnel

 Non-compliance with the operating and service instructions can cause severe
injury or death
 NEVER connect Air Gun to firing line UNTIL Air Gun is IN the water
 ALWAYS DISCONNECT Air Gun to firing line BEFORE Pulling Air Gun OUT
of water
 ALWAYS Treat an unattended Air Gun as a Pressurized Air Gun
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Raw data
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The End

Thank You