Unit V

Orthographic Projection
(Free Hand Sketching)
Freehand sketching of multiple views from pictorial
views of objects
Introduction
➢A parallel projection technique in which the plane of projection is perpendicular
to the parallel line of sight.
➢Orthographic projection technique can produce either pictorial drawings that
show all three dimensions of an object in one view, or multi-views that show
only two dimensions of an object in a single view.
OBSERVER MOVE AROUND
Top view

Front view Right side view

 1st ANGLE PROJECTION
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ARRAY OF VIEWS IN 1 ST ANGLE
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OBSERVER 4
 FOR T.V.

V.P. P.P.
F.V. S.V.

C T
B J E
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 FOR T.V.

F.V. S.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

x y

TOP VIEW
 FOR T.V.

F.V. S.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

TOP VIEW
 FOR T.V.

S.V.
F.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

TOP VIEW
 FOR T.V.

F.V. S.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

TOP VIEW
 FOR T.V.

S.V.
F.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

TOP VIEW
 FOR T.V.

F.V. S.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

X Y

TOP VIEW
 General procedure for sketching orthographic views
from pictorial view (isometric view):

Step 1 : Sketch with free hand, the outline of all the required views with thin
line (2H pencil).

Step 2 : Sketch with free hand, all the visible lines and visible circles in all the
required views with thin line (2H pencil).

Step 3 : Sketch with free hand, all the hidden lines and hidden circles in all the
required views with thin line (2H pencil).

Step 4 : After checking for technical mistakes if any, darken (with free hand)
all the visible lines, hidden lines, visible circles/arcs and hidden
circles/arcs forming the required views with HB pencil.

Step 5 : Lettering (both alphabets and numbers) should be done with free
hand.
An example :
Make free-hand sketches of front, top and right side views of the
pictorial view shown below.
Step 1 :
Step 2
Step 3 :
Step 4 :
Step 5 :
EXERCISES. FREEHAND SKETCHING. Sketch, on the space provided, the first angle projection of the component below.

DRG. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION EXERCISE 10

EXERCISES. FREEHAND SKETCHING. Sketch, on the space provided, the first angle projection of the component below.

DRG. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION EXERCISE 11

EXERCISES. FREEHAND SKETCHING. Sketch, on the space provided, the third angle projection of the component below.

DRG. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION EXERCISE 12

EXERCISES. FREEHAND SKETCHING. Sketch, on the space provided, the first angle projection of the component below.

DRG. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION EXERCISE 13

Exercises. Draw three views of the following components, either in first or third angle projection. Show hidden detail where
necessary and fully dimensions your drawing.

DRG. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ALL DIMENSION IN MILLIMETRES

Exercises. Draw three views of the following components, either in first or third angle projection. Show hidden detail where
necessary and fully dimensions your drawing

DRG. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ALL DIMENSION IN MILLIMETRES

Exercises. Draw three views of the following components, either in first or third angle projection. Show hidden detail where
necessary and fully dimensions your drawing

DRG. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ALL DIMENSION IN MILLIMETRES

Freehand sketching of pictorial views from
multiple views of objects