Project Report RFID Based EV Charging Station

ABSTRACT
The development of cost-effective green vehicle technology,such as electric vehicle has been
prompted by the need for a cleaner environment. As the number of electric vehicle (EVs)
on the road rises,charging infrastructure becomes increasingly important. The electric vehicle
charging system has a number of issues, including ways to improve its operation and efficiency
and a better understanding of current EV charging habits. As a result, this paper employs RFID
(radio frequency identification) technology, which allows users to be automatically identified.
Electromagneticwaves are used to transmit and receive data from users in this technology.
The aim of RFID based EV Charging station is that the system exploits opportunities of
connectivity to computation capabilities of big data (because we are using google sheet for store
the information). Firstly, a source data to support defining use cases that represent driving
patterns and functionality. Second, connection to big data and computation capabilities in cloud
enables optimizing the EV energy which leads to a reliable range prediction, eco-driving, eco
routing as well as novel functionalities like smart fast charging and assured charging
“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

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INDEX
Chapter No. Title Page No.
Acknowledgement.
Abstract
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction. 5
1.1 Objective 6
2 Literature Review 7
3 System Overview 10
3.1 Background 10
3.2 Hardware Requirement 11
3.3 Project overview 22
4 System Design 23
4.1 Circuit Diagram 23
4.2 Circuit Diagram Description 23
5 Implementation of System 24
5.1 Overall system prototype 24
5.2 Working 24
6 Cost Estimation 28
7 Conclusion 29
8 Reference 30

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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig No. Description Page No.
3.2.1 Relay Internal Connection 11
3.2.2 Relay 12
3.2.3 Buzzer pin Configuration 13
3.2.4 ATmega328 Pin Configuration 15
3.2.5 ATmega328 Pinout 16
3.2.6 RFID Reader Module 18
3.2.7 Block Diagram of MFRC522 20
3.2.8 16X2 LCD Display 21
3.3.1 Block Diagram of RFID based EV charging station 21
4.1.1 Circuit Diagram of RFID based EV charging station 22
5.1.1 Prototype of RFID based EV charging station 24

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Sr. No. Abbreviation Definition
1 RFID Radio Frequency Identification
2 EV Electric Vehicle
3 EVSE Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
4 AC Alternating Current
5 DC Direct Current
6 VMM Vehicle Monitoring Modules
7 SMPS Switching Mode Power Supply
8 PCB Printed Circuit Breaker
9 GND Ground
10 AIDC Automatic Identification and Data Capture
11 LCD Liquid Crystal Display

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CHAPTER NO: 1
INTRODUCTION
An electric vehicle charging station is equipment that connects an electric vehicle (EV) to a
source of electricity to recharge electric cars, neighborhood electric vehicles and plug-in
hybrids. Some charging stations have advanced features such as smart metering, cellular
capability and network connectivity, while others are more basic. Charging stations are also
called electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and are provided in municipal parking
locations by electric utility companies or at retail shopping centers by private companies. These
stations provide special connectors that conform to the variety of electric charging connector
standards. Fees for using EVSE vary from monthly or yearly flat rates to per-kWh to hourly
rates. Charging stations can be free and are usually subsidized by the local government.
Different types of EVSE provide different speeds of charging. Level 1 charging stations use a
120 volt (V), alternating-current (AC) plug and require a dedicated circuit, offering about 5
miles of range for every hour of charging. Level 2 stations charge through a 240V, AC plug
and require home charging or public charging equipment to be installed. Level 2 stations
provide 10 to 20 miles of range for every hour of charging. Level 2 chargers are the most
common and charge at approximately the same rate as a home system. Level 3 chargers are also
known as DC fast chargers. Level 3 uses a 480V, direct-current (DC) plug. They bypass the
onboard charger and provide DC electricity to the battery via a special charging port. DC Fast
Chargers provide up to 40 miles of range for every 10 minutes of charging but are not
compatible with all vehicles. Additionally, some propriety charging stations, such as the Tesla
Supercharger, are designed for significantly higher-speed charging. As demand grows for more
publicly accessible charging stations, there is a greater need for equipment that supports faster
charging at higher voltages and currents that are not currently available from residential ESVE.
Globally, the number of electric vehicle networks is increasing to provide a system of publicly
accessible charging stations for EV recharging. Governments, automakers and charging
infrastructure providers have forged agreements to create these networks. Using a
microcontroller, relays, and an RFID, we created a simple charging station for electric vehicles
that can enable charging for the user's vehicle. This RFID charging station authorization system
makes charging at a charging station simple and convenient for a user. The technical advantages
of RFID technology for identifying electric vehicles and managing the entire battery charging
compartment, as well as how RFID technology is used in battery charging stations.
Because of these advantages, RFID technology can better serve the electric vehicle industry
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and support effective battery charging compartment management. Electric vehicle charging
stations have begun to be installed in many areas, but they are not yet complete. This method
reduces operation time by incorporating an RFID system at the charging station, which allows
for automatic user authorization. As demand grows for more publicly accessible charging
stations, there is a greater need for equipment that supports faster charging at higher voltages
and currents that are not currently available from residential ESVE. Globally, the number of
electric vehicle networks is increasing to provide a system of publicly accessible charging
stations for EV recharging. Governments, automakers and charging infrastructure providers
have forged agreements to create these networks.
1.1 OBJECTIVES:
1. The RFID provides a cost-efficient solution to identify and authorize vehicles for charging.
2. EV charging to be conducted effectively while observing grid constraints and meeting the
need of EV drivers.
3. EV charging is based on voltage level.
4. Intelligently manage how your electric vehicle charges by connecting it to the grid.

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CHAPTER NO: 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
As the number of EVs on the road’s increases, charging stations in both parking structures
and private garages will become more prevalent. These stations will be responsible for meeting
the requirements of the distribution grid, EV owners, and parking structure operators. For
security and financial reasons, among the many functions these charging stations will perform
are user authorization, authentication, and billing.
Other commercial charging stations, such as Coulomb and Blink require a short-range RFID
card for the same purpose. In both cases, extra steps on the part of the user must be taken to
authorize charging. The authors in propose using conventional RFID tags inside EVs and RFID
readers on parking garage access gates together with middleware and an aggregate charging
controller to authorize, assign, and enable charging. However, this system still requires action
from the user and is not as flexible as may be desired.
The proposed improvements allow charging authorization to take place seamlessly at

multiple charging stations in a single geographic location without any action on the part of the
user. Vehicle Monitoring/Identification Modules (VMMs), located in EVs, act as RFID tags for
vehicle identification and charging authorization. The Internet of Things, also called things-
linked internet, it refers to a kind of network that adopts RFID (radio frequency identification)
and to enable the linkage between any articles and the internet, to enable the exchange and
communication of information.
This paper aims to discuss the application of RFID technology in the battery charging
stations and analyze the technical advantages of RFID technology in the electric vehicle
identification as well as the unified management of the battery charging compartment. Here for
the output power supply SMPS (switching mode power supply) is The Internet of Things, also
called things-linked internet, it refers to a kind of network that adopts RFID
The electric vehicle (EV) charging market is growing at lightning speed, both in the U.S.
and globally. As both consumers and government and commercial fleets transition to electric,
membership-based charging stations are popping up in employee parking lots, tenant parking
garages and public areas. RFID cards and mobile apps are simple and convenient for tenants,
employees and members.

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If you are issuing your own membership cards used across your entire network, you may
have a lot of control over the technologies used. But if your network supports government or
commercial fleet customers, multi-tenant buildings or similar user communities, it may be
preferable to allow users to tap in with an existing company or building ID card. A multi-
technology reader that supports both HF and LF RFID the greatest flexibility to meet the needs
of users, now and in the future.
EV charging stations need a secure user authentication method that cannot be easily hacked
or compromised to reduce the potential for fraudulent use. This is especially important if the
user authorization connects to a billing system that tracks charging station use. The reader
should support advanced encryption to reduce the risk of card cloning or data interception.
RFID tags provides security.
Here we are providing RFID card to each customer with which customer can access petrol
at the charging stations. Before using this card we have to recharge it like a prepaid card.
Whenever we want to charge the vehicle battery, just we have to enter required amount and
place the RFID card near the RFID reader. Then microcontroller reads the data from the RFID
reader and performs the action according to the customer. This system also provides the security
for the customers for vehicle battery charging at the EV charging stations by avoiding the
involvement of human beings, so to avoid the risk of carrying money every time and charge the
battery on hours basis as well whenever required. All the data is display on LED and saved in
Google sheet. When vehicle is parked at the charging station, vehicle battery will be charged
by charging station battery.
(radio frequency identification), infrared sensor, and other sensing devices, to enable the
linkage between any articles and the internet, to enable the exchange and communication of
information, This paper aims to discuss the application of RFID technology in the battery
charging stations, and analyses the technical advantages of RFID technology in the electric
vehicle identification as well as the unified management of the battery charging compartment.
These advantages enable RFID technology to provide better service for the electric vehicle
industry and support the effective management of the battery charging compartment. At present
many regions have started forming charging.
The electric vehicle (EV) charging market is growing at lightning speed, both in the U.S.
and globally. As both consumers and government and commercial fleets transition to electric,
membership-based charging stations are popping up in employee parking lots, tenant parking

8
garages and public areas. RFID cards and mobile apps are simple and convenient for tenants,
employees and members.
If you are issuing your own membership cards used across your entire network, you may
have a lot of control over the technologies used. But if your network supports government or
commercial fleet customers, multi-tenant buildings or similar user communities, it may be
preferable to allow users to tap in with an existing company or building ID card. A multi-
technology reader that supports both HF and LF RFID the greatest flexibility to meet the needs
of users, now and in the future.
EV charging stations need a secure user authentication method that cannot be easily hacked
or compromised to reduce the potential for fraudulent use. This is especially important if the
user authorization connects to a billing system that tracks charging station use. The reader
should support advanced encryption to reduce the risk of card cloning or data interception.
RFID tags provides security.
Here we are providing RFID card to each customer with which customer can access petrol
at the charging stations. Before using this card we have to recharge it like a prepaid card.
Whenever we want to charge the vehicle battery, just we have to enter required amount and
place the RFID card near the RFID reader. Then microcontroller reads the data from the RFID
reader and performs the action according to the customer. This system also provides the security
for the customers for vehicle battery charging at the EV charging stations by avoiding the
involvement of human beings, so to avoid the risk of carrying money every time and charge the
battery on hours basis as well whenever required. All the data is display on LED and saved in
Google sheet. When vehicle is parked at the charging station, vehicle battery will be charged
by charging station battery.

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CHAPTER NO: 3
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
3.1 BACKGROUND:
Different types of EVSE provide different speeds of charging. As demand grows for more
publicly accessible charging stations, there is a greater need for equipment that supports faster
charging at higher voltages and currents that are not currently available from residential ESVE.
Globally, the number of electric vehicle networks is increasing to provide a system of publicly
accessible charging stations for EV recharging. Governments, automakers and charging
infrastructure providers have forged agreements to create these networks.
Different types of EVSE provide different speeds of charging.

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3.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
1. power supply:
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The
main purpose of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the
correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are separate
standalone pieces of equipment, while others are built into the load appliances that they power.
Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer
electronics devices. Other functions that power supplies may perform include limiting the
current drawn by the load to safe levels, shutting off the current in the event of an electrical
fault, power conditioning to prevent electronic noise or voltage surges on the input from
reaching the load, power-factor correction, and storing energy so it can continue to power the
load in the event of a temporary interruption in the source power (uninterruptible power supply).
All power supplies have a power input connection, which receives energy in the form of
electric current from a source, and one or more power output or rail connections that deliver
current to the load. The source power may come from the electric power grid, such as
an electrical outlet, energy storage devices such as batteries or fuel
cells, generators or alternators, solar power converters, or another power supply. The input and
output are usually hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless
energy transfer to power their loads without wired connections. Some power supplies have
other types of inputs and outputs as well, for functions such as external monitoring and control.
Power supplies are categorized in various ways, including by functional features. For
example, a regulated power supply is one that maintains constant output voltage or current
despite variations in load current or input voltage. Conversely, the output of
an unregulated power supply can change significantly when its input voltage or load current
changes. Adjustable power supplies allow the output voltage or current to be programmed by
mechanical controls (e.g., knobs on the power supply front panel), or by means of a control
input, or both. An adjustable regulated power supply is one that is both adjustable and regulated.
An isolated power supply has a power output that is electrically independent of its power input;
this is in contrast to other power supplies that share a common connection between power input
and output.

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2. Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single
or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any
number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or
combinations thereof.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an independent low-power signal,
or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. Relays were first used in long-
distance telegraph circuits as signal repeaters: they refresh the signal coming in from one circuit
by transmitting it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and
early computers to perform logical operations.
A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a soft iron core (a
solenoid), an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable
iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts (there are two contacts in the relay pictured).
The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving
contacts. The armature is held in place by a spring so that when the relay is de-energized there
is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay
pictured is closed, and the other set is open. Other relays may have more or fewer sets of
contacts depending on their function. The relay in the picture also has a wire connecting the
armature to the yoke. This ensures continuity of the circuit between the moving contacts on the
armature, and the circuit track on the printed circuit board (PCB) via the yoke, which is soldered
to the PCB.
Figure No 3.2.1 – Relay internal connections.

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At least one contact arrangement, a flexible iron armature, a profoundly (a solenoid), and an
iron burden that provides a low-hesitance transition (there are two contacts in the transfer
envisioned). The armature pivots around the load, and at least one set of moving contacts is
meticulously connected to it. Because the armature is held in place by a spring, an air hole
appears in the attractive circuit when the transfer is turned off. In this state, one of the planned
transfer's two contact arrangements is closed, while the other is open. Depending on their
capacity, different transfers may have more or less contact arrangements.
When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic field that
activates the armature, and the consequent movement of the movable contact(s) either makes
or breaks (depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts
was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks
the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched
off, the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to
its relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also used
commonly in industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a
low-voltage application this reduces noise; in a high voltage or current application it
reduces arcing.
Figure No 3.2.2 – Relay
3. Buzzer:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers
and beepers include alarm devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input such as a mouse
click or keystroke.

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An audio signaling device like a beeper or buzzer may be electromechanical
or piezoelectric or mechanical type. The main function of this is to convert the signal from
audio to sound. Generally, it is powered through DC voltage and used in timers, alarm devices,
printers, alarms, computers, etc. Based on the various designs, it can generate different sounds
like alarm, music, bell & siren.
Figure No 3.2.3 – Buzzer pin

configuration
The pin configuration of the buzzer is shown below. It includes two pins namely positive
and negative. The positive terminal of this is represented with the ‘+’ symbol or a longer
terminal. This terminal is powered through 6Volts whereas the negative terminal is represented
with the ‘-‘symbol or short terminal and it is connected to the GND terminal.
The working principle of a buzzer depends on the theory that, once the voltage is given
across a piezoelectric material, then a pressure difference is produced. A piezo type includes
piezo crystals among two conductors.
Once a potential disparity is given across these crystals, then they thrust one conductor &
drag the additional conductor through their internal property. So this continuous action will
produce a sharp sound signal.
A buzzer is an efficient component to include the features of sound in our system or project. It
is an extremely small & solid two-pin device thus it can be simply utilized on breadboard or
PCB. So in most applications, this component is widely used.
There are two kinds of buzzers commonly available like simple and readymade. Once a
simple type is power-driven then it will generate a beep sound continuously. A readymade type
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looks heavier & generates a Beep. Beep. Beep. This sound is because of the internal oscillating
circuit within it.
4.Microcontroller ATmega328P:
The ATmega328 is a microcontroller that is assembled on the single-chip and manufactured

by the Atmel (who was producers and creator of semiconductors materials) in the megaAVR
group of microcontrollers. The processor core of this module is eight-bit RISC (reduced
instruction set computer) which has Harvard architecture with some modification.In this
controller 32 kilobyte already built memory exits.
▪ The Atmega328 is a very commonly used microcontroller board created by the Atmel. It can
support data up to eight bits and has a flash memory of thirty two-kilo bytes.
▪ This module also comprises of one kilobyte of EEPROM and two-kilo byte of inner static
random access memory.
▪ Like Arduino, UNO atmega328 is also used wit the Arduino Duemilanove board. This type of
Arduino has two types of microcontroller shops first is atmega328 and the second one is
atmega168.
▪ There is a twenty-eight pinout of atmega328.
▪ The voltage over which it operates is 3.3 volts to 5.5 volts, Usually, five volts are given to it.
▪ Between atmega328 and atmega168 the atmega328 is more advanced.
▪ The atmega168 has sixteen kilobytes of flash memory and five hundred twelve bytes of inner
static ram while atmega328 has thirty-two KB of flash memory and two kilobytes of inner static
ram.
▪ The most common features it provides are less price, less power usage, and has a real-time
counter with the separate oscillators.

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Figure No 3.2.4 – ATmega328 pin configuration
The ATmega328/P achieves throughputs near 1MIPS per MHz by executing strong
directions in a single clock cycle. This activates a framework that prioritises power consumption
reduction over processing speed. The Arduino UNO Microcontroller- It's important to
remember that your programme is run by a microcontroller on the Arduino board. If you already
know this, you won't use the standard nonsense that "Arduino is a microcontroller" in the future.
The ATmega328 microcontroller is the primary regulator in the Arduino UNO R3. The
ATmega328 is an AVR 8-bit MCU, which means it has information transport engineering and
interior registers that can handle eight identical data signals. There are three types of memory
in the ATmega328:
1. Non-volatile memory of 32 KB (streak memory) Your applications will be saved here, so you
won't have to transfer
2. Them every time.
3. SRAM memory: unreliable memory of 2 KB. This is where the variables of the application are
saved while it is running.
4. EEPROM memory: non-volatile memory of 1 KB This can be used to save data that needs to
be accessed regardless of whether the board is on or off
Features of Atmega328
▪ These are some main features of Atmega328 which are discussed here.
▪ There are twenty-eight pinouts this module has similar to the Atmega328P.
▪ It has a central processing unit of RISC based on an eight-bit AVR.
▪ It has a ten-bit analog to digital converter.

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▪ It has a flash memory of its two kilobytes.
▪ It has a static ram of 2048 bytes.
▪ It has an EEPROM of 10244 bytes.
▪ There is eight analogs to digital converter channels it has.
▪ There is six pulse width modulation pinout it has.
▪ The voltage range over which it works is 1.8 volts to 5.5 volts.
Pinout of Atmega328
▪ There are twenty-eight pinouts exits in the Atmega328.
▪ There are twenty pinouts of this module that operate as input and outputs.
▪ Fourteen input operates as digital pins six of them are pulse width modulation output and
six are of analog inputs and outputs.
▪ On the chip of this controller, ADC is already built. There are three pinouts AVcc, AREF,
GND, and AVcc are used for ADC operation.
Figure No 3.2.5 – ATmega328 pinout
▪ Analog to digital converter needed separate power supply.
▪ There are two pins are used as a crystal oscillator. These pins used to deliver a clock to the
atmega.
▪ The pinouts VCC and GND are used to provides power to the module. The required voltage
for this module is 1.8 volts to 5.5 volts.
▪ Its GND is the ground terminal. AREF is a reference voltage that is used by analog to digital
converter for its resultant digital values.

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5. MFRC522 RFID Module:
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to

automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny
radio transponder, a radio receiver and transmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic
interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag transmits digital data, usually
an identifying inventory number, back to the reader. This number can be used to
track inventory goods.
Passive tags are powered by energy from the RFID reader's interrogating radio waves.
Active tags are powered by a battery and thus can be read at a greater range from the RFID
reader, up to hundreds of meters.
Unlike a barcode, the tag does not need to be within the line of sight of the reader, so it may
be embedded in the tracked object. RFID is one method of automatic identification and data
capture (AIDC).
RFID tags are used in many industries. For example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile
during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line, RFID-tagged
pharmaceuticals can be tracked through warehouses, and implanting RFID microchips in
livestock and pets enables positive identification of animals. Tags can also be used in shops to
expedite checkout, and to prevent theft by customers and employees.
Since RFID tags can be attached to physical money, clothing, and possessions, or implanted
in animals and people, the possibility of reading personally-linked information
without consent has raised serious privacy concerns. These concerns resulted in standard
specifications development addressing privacy and security issues.
The RC522 is a 13.56MHz RFID module that is based on the MFRC522 controller from
NXP semiconductors. The module can support I2C, SPI and UART and normally is shipped
with a RFID card and key fob. It is commonly used in attendance systems and other
person/object identification applications. is one of the cheapest RFID options you can get. It
usually comes with an RFID card tag and a key fob tag with 1KB of memory. And the best part
is that it can write a tag that means you can store any message in it.

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Figure No 3.2.6 – RFID reader module
The RC522 RFID reader module is designed to create a 13.56MHz electromagnetic field and
communicate with RFID tags (ISO 14443A standard tags).
The reader can communicate with a microcontroller over a 4-pin SPI with a maximum data
rate of 10 Mbps. It also supports communication over I2C and UART protocols.
The RC522 RFID module can be programmed to generate an interrupt, allowing the module
to alert us when a tag approaches it, instead of constantly asking the module “Is there a card
nearby?”.
The module’s operating voltage ranges from 2.5 to 3.3V, but the good news is that the logic
pins are 5-volt tolerant, so we can easily connect it to an Arduino or any 5V logic
microcontroller without using a logic level converter.

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Technical Specifications
Here are the specifications:
Frequency Range 13.56 MHz ISM Band
Host Interface SPI / I2C / UART
Operating Supply Voltage 2.5 V to 3.3 V
Max. Operating Current 13-26Ma
Min. Current(Power down) 10µA
Logic Inputs 5V Tolerant
Read Range 5 cm
Features and benefits
▪ Highly integrated analog circuitry to demodulate and decode responses
▪ Buffered output drivers for connecting an antenna with the minimum number of external
components
▪ Supports ISO/IEC 14443 A/MIFARE and NTAG
▪ Typical operating distance in Read/Write mode up to 50 mm depending on the antenna size

and tuning
▪ Supports MF1xxS20, MF1xxS70 and MF1xxS50 encryption in Read/Write mode
▪ Supports ISO/IEC 14443 A higher transfer speed communication up to 848 kBd
▪ Supports MFIN/MFOUT
▪ Additional internal power supply to the smart card IC connected via MFIN/MFOUT
▪ SPI up to 10 Mbit/s
▪ I 2C-bus interface up to 400 kBd in Fast mode, up to 3400 kBd in High-speed mode
▪ RS232 Serial UART up to 1228.8 kBd, with voltage levels dependant on pin voltage supply
▪ FIFO buffer handles 64 byte send and receive
▪ Flexible interrupt modes
▪ Hard reset with low power function

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▪ Power-down by software mode
▪ Programmable timer
▪ Internal oscillator for connection to 27.12 MHz quartz crystal
▪ 2.5 V to 3.3 V power supply
▪ CRC coprocessor
▪ Programmable I/O pins
▪ Internal self-test
Block diagram
The analog interface handles the modulation and demodulation of the analog signals. The
contactless UART manages the protocol requirements for the communication protocols in
cooperation with the host. The FIFO buffer ensures fast and convenient data transfer to and
from the host and the contactless UART and vice versa. Various host interfaces are
implemented to meet different customer requirements.
Figure No 3.2.7 – Block diagram of the MFRC522
6. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display):
An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and has a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2
intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224 different characters
and symbols. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. Command register
stores various commands given to the display. Data register stores data to be displayed. The
process of controlling the display involves putting the data that form the image of what you
want to display into the data registers, then putting instructions in the instruction register. In
your Arduino project Liquid Crystal Library simplifies this for you so you don't need to know
the low-level instructions. Contrast of the display can be adjusted by adjusting the potentiometer
to be connected across VEE pin.

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Figure No 3.2.8 – 16X2 LCD Display
3.3 PROJECT OVERVIEW:
Figure No 3.3.1 – Block diagram of RFID based EV charging station

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CHAPTER NO: 4
SYSTEM DESIGN
4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Figure No 4.1.1 – Circuit diagram of RFID based EV charging station
4.2 Circuit diagram description:
The working model of an electric vehicle charging station consists of a microcontroller,

RFID, power supply circuit, and a set of relays. The 328 microcontroller is incharge of relay
switching. When different push buttons are pressed, the microcontroller is programmed to
connect the charger to the electric vehicle for a specific amount of time before disconnecting it
and a amount is deducted from the user’s account. Every button deducts an amount of Rs 10,
20 an so on from user account. The initial amount in users card is 100.

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CHAPTER NO: 5
IMPLEMENTATION OF SYSTEM
5.1 OVERALL SYSTEM PROTOTYPE:
Figure No 5.1.1 – System prototype of RFID based EV charging station
5.2 WORKING:
STEP 1:

System welcomes customer and ask to scan your card

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Step 2:

After scanning RFID card system recognize you and greet on display with registered name
Step 3:

After greeting on LCD display we can see our balance on card and according to that we can
decide for how much time we can charge our car.

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Step 4:

After that system ask to press button to start the charging so we have to press button to start
charging as per our decision
Step 5.
When we select and press button then charging get started and msg displays on LCD that
charging is started.

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Step 6:
Once the selected time completes then charging automatically stops and msg displays on LCD that
charging stopped.

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CHAPTER NO: 6
COST ESTIMATION
Component List:
Sr.NO Component List Cost
1. 328 Microcontroller 3700
2. RFID Module 3000
3 Relay 1500
4. Push buttons 500
5. 16*2 LCD Display 1000
6. LED 100
7. Resistor 300
8. Wooden Board 500
9. Cables 300
10. Miscellaneous 1000
TOTAL 11900

28
CHAPTER NO: 7
CONCLUSION
In future the demand of EV system is necessary to control the air pollution as well as the
global warming. The prototype of EV charging station with RFID tag is successfully implemented.
Here we have designed a simple charging station for electric vehicle using microcontroller, relays
and RF module that can enable charging for user’s vehicle. This RFID charging station authorization
system provides a convenient method for a user to enable charging at charging station. The proposed
system represents an improvement over the existing system as it allows charging authorization to take
place seamlessly at the moment of EV arrival and does not require any other people involvement.
This method will save the operation time by introducing RFID system at charging station as automatic
authorization of user can be involved in this system. RF transmitter and Receiver will give a huge
operation range to this system.

29
CHAPTER NO: 8
REFERENCES
[1] Ching-Yen Chung, Joshua Chynoweth, Charlie Qiu, Chi-Cheng Chu, Rajit Gadh “Design
of Fast Response Smart Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure” 2013 Proceedings of Green
Energy and Systems Conference
[2] Sunit Baviskar, Shubham Mandlik, Deepak Marsale, Prof. Kirti Kulkarni “RFID Based EV
Charging Station” 2022 International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science
[3] Ajithkumar, M. Ajithkumar, S. Gopi, V.G. Balajisabarinathan, Mr. C. Gowrishankar

“SMART E-VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEM USING RFID” 2020 International Journal of
Research and Analytical Reviews
[4] Ching-Yen Chung, Aleksey Shepelev, Charlie Qiu, Chi-Cheng Chu, Rajit Gadh “Design of
RFID Mesh Network for Electric Vehicle Smart Charging Infrastructure” 2013 IEEE
International Conference on RFID Technologies and Applications
[5] Maria Carmen Falvo, Danilo Sbordone and I. Safak Bayram, Michael Devetsikiotis, “EV Charging
Stations and Modes: International Standards”, 2014 International Symposium on Power Electronics,
Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion.
[6] Michail Vasiladiotis, Alfred Rufer, “A Modular Multiport Power Electronic Transformer with
Integrated Split Battery Energy Storage for Versatile Ultra-Fast EV Charging Stations”, IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2013.
[7] Qin Yan, Bei Zhang, Mladen Kezunovic, “Optimized Operational Cost Reduction for an EV
Charging Station Integrated with Battery Energy Storage and PV generation”, IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid ( Volume: 10, Issue: 2, March 2019)]
[8] Revathi B, Sivanandhan S, Vaishakh Prakash, Arun Ramesh, Isha T.B, Saisuriyaa G, “Solar Charger
for Electric Vehicles”, Proceedings of 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and
Innovations in Engineering and Technological Research (ICETIETR) 2018 IEEE.
[9] Wajahat Khan, Furkan Ahmad, Mohammad Saad Alam, “Fast EV charging station integration with
grid ensuring optimal and quality power exchange”, Engineering Science and Technology, an
International Journal 2018.

30

Project Report RFID Based EV Charging Station

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ABSTRACT

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

Chapter No. Title Page No.

3.2 Hardware Requirement 11

3.3 Project overview 22

4.1 Circuit Diagram 23

4.2 Circuit Diagram Description 23

5.1 Overall system prototype 24

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

Fig No. Description Page No.

3.2.1 Relay Internal Connection 11

3.2.3 Buzzer pin Configuration 13

3.2.4 ATmega328 Pin Configuration 15

3.2.5 ATmega328 Pinout 16

3.2.6 RFID Reader Module 18

3.2.7 Block Diagram of MFRC522 20

3.2.8 16X2 LCD Display 21

3.3.1 Block Diagram of RFID based EV charging station 21

4.1.1 Circuit Diagram of RFID based EV charging station 22

5.1.1 Prototype of RFID based EV charging station 24

5.2.1 Prototype of RFID based EV charging station 24

5.2.2 Prototype of RFID based EV charging station 25

5.2.3 Prototype of RFID based EV charging station 25

5.2.4 Prototype of RFID based EV charging station 26

5.2.5 Prototype of RFID based EV charging station 26

5.2.6 Prototype of RFID based EV charging station 27

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

Sr. No. Abbreviation Definition

1 RFID Radio Frequency Identification

3 EVSE Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment

6 VMM Vehicle Monitoring Modules

7 SMPS Switching Mode Power Supply

8 PCB Printed Circuit Breaker

10 AIDC Automatic Identification and Data Capture

11 LCD Liquid Crystal Display

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

3. EV charging is based on voltage level.

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

The proposed improvements allow charging authorization to take place seamlessly at

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

Figure No 3.2.1 – Relay internal connections.

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

Figure No 3.2.2 – Relay

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

Figure No 3.2.3 – Buzzer pin

The ATmega328 is a microcontroller that is assembled on the single-chip and manufactured

▪ There is a twenty-eight pinout of atmega328.

▪ Between atmega328 and atmega168 the atmega328 is more advanced.

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

▪ It has a central processing unit of RISC based on an eight-bit AVR.

▪ It has a ten-bit analog to digital converter.

“ATC, B.E. Electrical Engineering 2022-23”

▪ It has a static ram of 2048 bytes.

▪ It has an EEPROM of 10244 bytes.

▪ There is eight analogs to digital converter channels it has.

▪ There is six pulse width modulation pinout it has.

Figure No 3.2.5 – ATmega328 pinout

▪ Analog to digital converter needed separate power supply.