PERSAMAAN Rini satiti

DIFFERENSIAL Minggu 5 - 6
6. PD Exact
Bentuk Umum:

𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎 =
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

Jika Penyelesaiannya adalah 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝐶 maka:

𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹
𝑑𝐹 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑀 ⟹ 𝜕𝐹 = 𝑀 𝜕𝑥 ⟹ 𝐹 = න 𝑀 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝐹 𝜕 𝜕𝐹 𝜕
⟹ = න 𝑀 𝜕𝑥 = 𝑁 ⟹ =𝑁− න 𝑀 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕
𝐹 =න 𝑁− න 𝑀 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑦

Ekivalen dengan:

𝜕
න 𝑀 𝜕𝑥 + න 𝑁 − න 𝑀 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 = 𝐶
𝜕𝑦

Dimana 𝜕𝑥 menyatakan bahwa pengintegralan dilakukan terhadap x

dengan menganggap y konstan
Contoh:
1. Selesaikan PD berikut:

3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0

Penyelesaian:

3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝜕𝑀
𝑀 = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 cos 𝑥 ⟹ = cos 𝑥
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
= ⟹ 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑁
𝑁 = sin 𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 ⟹ = cos 𝑥
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 cos 𝑥
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝐹 = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝜕𝑥

න 𝜕𝐹 = න 3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝐹 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 sin 𝑥 + 𝑅 𝑦

𝜕𝐹 𝑑 𝑅 𝑦
= 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 ⟹ sin 𝑥 + = sin 𝑥 − 4𝑦 3
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑅 𝑦
= −4𝑦 3
𝑑𝑦

𝑑 𝑅 𝑦 = −4𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦

න𝑑 𝑅 𝑦 = න −4𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦

𝑅 𝑦 = −𝑦 4 + 𝐶

𝐹 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 sin 𝑥 − 𝑦 4 + 𝐶 ⟹ 𝑷𝑼𝑷𝑫
2. Selesaikan PD berikut:

𝑑𝑦 3 − 4𝑥𝑦 2
=
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑦 2

3 − 4𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝜕𝑀
𝑀=3 − 4𝑥𝑦 2 ⟹ = −8𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
= ⟹ 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑁
𝑁=− 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 ⟹ = −8𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 = 3 − 4𝑥𝑦 2
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝐹 = 3 − 4𝑥𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥

න 𝜕𝐹 = න 3 − 4𝑥𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥

𝐹 = 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑅 𝑦

𝜕𝐹 2
𝑑 𝑅 𝑦
= 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 ⟹ −4𝑥 𝑦 + = − 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 6𝑦 2
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑅 𝑦
= −6𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦

𝑑 𝑅 𝑦 = −6𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

න𝑑 𝑅 𝑦 = න −6𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

𝑅 𝑦 = −2𝑦 3 + 𝐶

𝐹 = 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 3 + 𝐶 ⟹ 𝑃𝑈𝑃𝐷
 Soal Latihan:

1. Selesaikan PD:

𝑦𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 −𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

2. Selesaikan PD:

𝑑𝑦 4 − 2𝑥 cos 𝑦 − 2𝑦 3 sec 2 2𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦 2 tan 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 sin 𝑦
7. PD Non Exact
Bentuk Umum:

𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎 ≠
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

Untuk menyelesaikan PD dikalikan dengan faktor pengintegralan: v

PD menjadi:

𝑣𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝜕 𝑣𝑀 𝜕 𝑣𝑁
= ⟹ 𝑠𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡 𝑃𝐷𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑁
𝑀 +𝑣 =𝑁 +𝑣 ⟹ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑛 1
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
a. Apabila v = fungsi x maka:

𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝑑𝑣
= 0, =
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Persamaan 1 menjadi:
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝑑𝑣 −
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝑑𝑣 𝜕𝑁 𝑣 𝑁
𝑣 =𝑁 +𝑣
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝑑𝑣 −
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
න =න 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁 𝑑𝑣 𝑣 𝑁
𝑣 −𝑣 =𝑁
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
−
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝑣= 𝑒 ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑁 ׬‬
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 − =𝑁
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⟹ 𝐹𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑖 𝑥
b. Apabila v = fungsi y maka:

𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝑑𝑣
= 0, =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦

Persamaan 1 menjadi:
𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
𝑑𝑣 −
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑀 + 𝑣 =𝑣 𝑣 𝑀
𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
𝑑𝑣 −
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀 න =න 𝑑𝑦
𝑀 =𝑣 −𝑣 𝑣 𝑀
𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
−
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀 𝑣= 𝑒 ‫𝑦𝑑 𝑀 ׬‬
𝑀 =𝑣 −
𝑑𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
⟹ 𝐹𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑠𝑖 𝑦
Contoh:

1. Selesaikan PD:
3𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

2
𝜕𝑀
𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 ⟹ = 6𝑥𝑦 + 2
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
≠ ⟹ 𝑁𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑁
𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 ⟹ = 4𝑥𝑦 + 1
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
− 6𝑥𝑦 + 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 1 2𝑥𝑦 + 1 1
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
= = =
𝑁 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑥 2𝑥𝑦 + 1 𝑥

1
‫𝑥𝑑𝑥׬‬
𝑣= 𝑒 = 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥
PD menjadi:

𝑥 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝜕𝑚
𝑚 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 ⟹ = 6𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑚 𝜕𝑛
= ⟹ 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑛
𝑛 = 2𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 ⟹ = 6𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑚 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝐹 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝜕𝑥

න 𝜕𝐹 = න 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝐹 = 𝑥 3𝑦2 + 𝑥 2𝑦 + 𝑅 𝑦

𝜕𝐹 𝑑𝑅 𝑦
= 𝑛 ⟹ 2𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 + = 2𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑥 2
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑅 𝑦
=0 ⟹𝑅 𝑦 =𝐶
𝑑𝑦

𝐹 = 𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝐶 ⟹ 𝑃𝑈𝑃𝐷
2. Selesaikan PD:

2𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝜕𝑀
𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 = 2 ⟹ =0
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
≠ ⟹ 𝑁𝑜𝑛 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑁
𝑁 = 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 3 ⟹ =2
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
−
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2
= =1
𝑀 2

𝑣 = 𝑒 ‫ ׬‬1𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑦
PD menjadi:

2𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 3 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝜕𝑚
𝑚 𝑥, 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑦 ⟹ = 2𝑒 𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑚 𝜕𝑛
= ⟹ 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑛
𝑛 = 𝑒 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 3 ⟹ = 2𝑒 𝑦
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑚 = 2𝑒 𝑦
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝐹 = 2𝑒 𝑦 𝜕𝑦

න 𝜕𝐹 = න 2𝑒 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑅 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑦 −3𝑦 − 3 𝑑𝑦

𝐹 = 2𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑅 𝑦
න 𝑑𝑅 𝑦 = න −3𝑦 − 3 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝜕𝐹 𝑦
𝑑𝑅 𝑦
= 𝑛 ⟹ 2𝑒 + = 𝑒 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 3 𝑅 𝑦 = −3𝑦 − 3 𝑒 𝑦 + 3 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝐶
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑅 𝑦 = −3𝑦 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑅 𝑦
= 𝑒 𝑦 −3𝑦 − 3 𝐹 = 2𝑒 𝑦 − 3𝑦𝑒 𝑦 + 𝐶 ⟹ 𝑃𝑈𝑃𝐷
𝑑𝑦
 Soal Latihan:
1. Selesaikan PD:

2𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

2. Selesaikan PD:

2𝑦 sin 𝑥 + 3𝑦 4 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 cos 2 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0