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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of A history of the
Brazil
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: A history of the Brazil

comprising its geography, commerce, colonization,
aboriginal inhabitants, &c. &c. &c.

Author: James Henderson

Engraver: C. Shoosmith

Release date: January 24, 2024 [eBook #72778]

Language: English

Original publication: London: Longman Hurst Rees Orme and

Brown, 1821

Credits: Karin Spence and the Online Distributed Proofreading

Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced
from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY

OF THE BRAZIL ***
 On Stone by C. Shoosmith from a Sketch by Jas. Henderson.
Printed by Rowney & Forster.
DON JOHN VI. KING OF PORTUGAL & BRAZIL, & HIS ATTENDANTS AT RIO
DE JANEIRO.

HISTORY
OF

THE BRAZIL;
COMPRISING ITS
GEOGRAPHY, COMMERCE, COLONIZATION,
ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS,
&c. &c. &c.

By JAMES HENDERSON,
RECENTLY FROM SOUTH AMERICA.

ILLUSTRATED WITH TWENTY-EIGHT PLATES AND TWO MAPS.

LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR,
AND PUBLISHED BY LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN,
PATERNOSTER-ROW.

1821.
MARCHANT, Printer, Ingram-Court,
Fenchurch-Street, London.
 TO THE

RIGHT HONOURABLE

THE LORD VISCOUNT LOWTHER.

My Lord,
Were the writer of the following Work a well-known and admired
member of the Literary Community he would still be fortunate in the
permission of having it dedicated to your Lordship, as your
Lordship’s literary, scientific, and commercial knowledge, correct
judgement, and amiable qualities, more than the influence of
elevated birth and rank, would confer upon it increased
recommendation. But coming forward as I do, an unknown
contributor to the stock of general knowledge, I am peculiarly happy
in having so high a passport to the notice of the Public, in a Work
which professes to communicate new information respecting a
portion of South America, now more than ever interesting to the
commercial, political, and scientific worlds. Whatever faults it
possesses, the pains I have taken to obtain authentic information
will, I trust, render it not unworthy of their and your Lordship’s notice.
If the style in which I present the new fruit, gathered from the
branches of the tree of knowledge that are spread in a far country, is
not considered interesting, the fruit itself will be found, I hope,
acceptable and useful.
I have the honour to subscribe myself,
My Lord,
Your Lordship’s most faithful and devoted Servant,
JAMES HENDERSON.
London, August 1, 1821.
 NOTICE TO THE READER.

The object of this Work is to describe the state of the Brazil, from
its first discovery down to the present time;—to trace distinctly the
boundaries of the twenty-two provinces which it comprises, their sub-
divisions into comarcas or districts, and their rivers; to enumerate the
povoaçoes or establishments in each province, consisting of cities,
towns, (and the dates they were so erected by his present Majesty,
or previously,) freguezias, (parishes,) arraials, aldeias, (villages,)
presidios, (garrisons,) hermitages, &c. with the nature of their
agricultural productions, the composition of their inhabitants, whether
whites, mulattos, mamalucos, mesticos, Christianized Indians, or
Africans.
The numerous tribes of savage Indians, still existing in this region
are also described; with the mountains, minerals, and leading
objects in the animal and vegetable worlds. The state of the
government, revenue, society, and minor subjects are investigated,
and more particularly the present commercial relations between
Great Britain and the Brazil. The friendly assistance I experienced
from many persons in South America, as well as from some
governors and ex-governors of provinces, has furnished a portion of
the authentic materials of the Work.
My first intention in undertaking it was to have adhered to a
geographical and commercial account of the country, but as the
recent publication of Padre Manoel Ayres de Cazal, (in producing
which he had been many years engaged,) furnishing me, not only
with copious information upon the first subject, but also upon its
history, civil and natural, I conceived that it would not be
unacceptable to the British reader to give an abridged account of
each province, from their first colonization, combined with their
geography, productions, commerce, &c.
 Upon the history of this country, however, the work of Mr.
Southey is complete, and does as much honour to the talent of that
gentleman as to his unwearied research. The labour, even with all
his facilities, which such an undertaking must have required, cannot
but have been very considerable.
Padre Cazal, who is a man of some talent, enjoyed decided
advantages, it will be allowed, from his ecclesiastical situation, in
arriving at full and authentic intelligence, as to the present condition
of the towns, productions, &c. derived from Government documents,
his own personal research, the diaries of Certanistas, (persons
traversing the interior,) and from numerous individuals, who might
not have been disposed to grant the same privileges to any one
differently circumstanced. In the many instances wherein I have had
opportunities of putting the veracity of his statements to the test I
have found them correct and impartial. No doubt can fairly exist as to
the perfect authenticity of the whole, additionally confirmed as it is,
by Mr. Southey’s having had recourse to the same authority in the
latter part of his third volume.
The general reader may not be peculiarly interested with that
portion of this publication which details the towns and their
productions, and in which monotony is unavoidable, although they
will be valuable as references for the merchant and many others, as,
with the evidently growing commerce of this fine country, already
taking off annually three million of British manufactures, each of
those places will progressively become more and more important.
The plates, which are amongst the best in their style, are
executed, by an able artist, upon stone, from sketches taken on the
spot; and the map is formed by myself from the materials of the
Work. The Appendix is explanatory of the objects in Zoology and
Phytology, which would not have been generally understood by their
native designations; and I must here apologize to the reader for not
presenting them in scientific nomenclature.
 CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
Page
Voyage from England to Rio de Janeiro 1

CHAP. II.
From the first discovery down to the arrival of the Royal Family there, and
its present division into provinces—The general character of the Indians 12

CHAP. III.
PROVINCE OF RIO DE JANEIRO.
Its colonization—contests with, the French and Tamoyo Indians—
expulsion of the French—foundation of St. Sebastian—boundaries—
division into comarcas—mountains—principal rivers—lakes—bays—
capes—islands—mineralogy—zoology—phytology—cities and towns—
boundaries, towns, and productions of the comarcas of Ilha Grande and
Parahiba Nova—boundaries of the comarca of Rio de Janeiro—the
metropolis—situation—English burial-ground—streets—royal mode of
riding—compulsory homage upon the occasion—churches—convents—
Gloria Hill—female convents—visit to one—fountains—visit to the
aqueduct—squares—palace—public buildings—public garden—library
—manufactories—theatre—roads leading from the city—palace of St.
Christovao—troops of miners and others from the interior—Gaza de
Don Pedro—royal mill, shacara, and stables—fire-works—Beija Mao—
fidalgos and higher orders of society—splendour of churches—royal
chapel—religious festivals and observances—funeral processions—
catacombs—the host—state of society—markets 31

CHAP. IV.
PROVINCE OF RIO DE JANEIRO—continued.
Population of the capital—negroes—nocturnal clamour of reptiles— 72
vampire hat—state of literature—jealousy—dead bodies—military—
bank—revenue—imposts—diamonds—visit to Campinha—tenure of
lands—proof of fertility—Swiss emigrants—visit to the cascades of
Tejuca—commerce—judicial procedure—pauta and convention—new
exchange—foundation of English church—towns, villages, and
 productions of the comarca of Rio de Janeiro—boundaries, productions,
rivers, lakes, and povoaçoes of the comarca of Cape Frio—boundaries,
Indians, rivers, lakes, towns, and sugar-works of the comarca of
Goytacazes—boundaries, Coroado Indians, and povoaçoes of the
comarca of Canta Gallo

CHAP. V.
PROVINCE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL.
Colonization—boundaries—climate—aspect and productions—contests
between Spaniards and Portuguese—divisionary line between these
two powers—opposition by the Indians of the seven missions—their
defeat—revived contests between Spaniards and Portuguese—
mountains—rivers—lakes—capes and ports—islands—mineralogy—
phytology—zoology—large fazendas for breeding cattle—mode of
management—sheep-flocks—use of the laço and balls—towns, nature
of exports, villages, &c. including those of the district of Monte Video 110

CHAP. VI.
PROVINCE OF PARANNA.
Boundaries—climate—productions—Matte the most lucrative—first
discoverers—proceedings of the Spanish Jesuits—Guarani Indians
formed into reduções, or villages—nature of those missions—expulsion
of the Jesuits—delivery of the missions to other ecclesiastics—their
decay—mountains—mineralogy—rivers and lakes—phytology—zoology
—towns, parishes, &c.—remaining establishments of the Jesuitical
missions 134

CHAP. VII.
PROVINCE OF URUGUAY.
Foundation of aldeias, called missions, by the Spanish Jesuits for the
Tappe Indians—flourish till the expulsion of that sect—subsequent
decay—war between the Spaniards and Portuguese—conquest of the
seven missions by the latter power in 1801—governor sent—boundaries
—mountains—rivers—phytology—zoology—names and population of
the seven missions at their conquest 145

CHAP. VIII.
PROVINCE OF ST. CATHARINA.
Boundaries—colonization—productions—mountains—mineralogy—
phytology—zoology—rivers, lakes, and ports—towns, parishes, &c.—
agricultural establishments—population—islands—delightful climate 151
 CHAP. IX.
PROVINCE OF ST. PAULO.
Boundaries—first settlement—mountains—mineralogy—rivers and ports—
islands—phytology—zoology—Bugre Indians, dwellings and customs—
character of the Paulistas—division into comarcas—comarca of
Curytiba—towns and productions—comarcas of St. Paulo and Hitu—
towns and productions 162

CHAP. X.
PROVINCE OF MATTO GROSSO.
First explorers—gold discovered—two brothers appointed for the purpose
of exacting the fifths on gold—their atrocious conduct—people attracted
here by the fame of gold—destruction of a party by the Indians—
Payagoa and Guaycuru Nations discovered—their alliance—their fatal
attacks upon the Portuguese—their disunion—continued hostilities of
the Guaycurus—conflicts with them—attempts to make peace with the
Indians—treachery of the Guaycurus—severe drought—arrival of a
governor—promotes the navigation to Para—extent and boundaries—
division into districts.—District of Camapuania—mineralogy—phytology
—rivers—zoology—various Indian tribes—povoaçoes.—District of Matto
Grosso—mountains—mineralogy—phytology—zoology—rivers—
capital.—District of Cuiaba—mineralogy—phytology—zoology—rivers—
povoaçoes—Indians.—District of Bororonia—Indians—rivers—lakes.—
District of Juruenna—Indians—rivers—forts.—District of Arinos—Indians
—rivers.—District of Tappiraquia—Indians—rivers.—Lands of these
districts fertile and auriferous 189

CHAP. XI.
PROVINCE OF GOYAZ.
First discovery of gold—attempts of Bueno to find the Goya Territory—
settlements —boundaries—extent—mineralogy—zoology—phytology—
cattle and gold its exports—principal rivers—comarcas—Julgados.—
District of Cayaponia—limits—Indians—rivers.—District of Goyaz—
limits—mountains—capital—povoaçoes.—District of Nova Beira—limits
—Indians—rivers—povoaçoes—Indians reduced to peace—aldeias
established for them.—District of Tucantines—limits—rivers—Indians—
povoaçoes.—District of Parannan—limits—rivers—povoaçoes.—District
of Rio das Velhas—limits—rivers—Indians—povoaçoes 231

CHAP. XII.
 PROVINCE OF MINAS GERAES.
Boundaries—extent—climate—discoverers of its mines—mountains—
rivers—mineralogy—zoology—phytology—exports—comarcas and
towns.—Comarca of Villa Rica—limits—mountains—rivers—capital—
povoaçoes.—Comarca of Rio das Mortes—limits—mountains—rivers—
povoaçoes.—Comarca of Sabara—limits—mountains—rivers—lakes—
povoaçoes.—Comarca of Serro Frio—limits—rich in diamonds—
mountains—rivers—povoaçoes.—Diamond district—Tijuco—seat of
diamond junta 258

CHAP. XIII.
PROVINCE OF ESPIRITO SANTO.
Extent—boundaries—misfortunes of its donatories—spirited resistance of
the Indians—partial cultivation—principally possessed by Indians—
mountains—mineralogy—zoology—descents of Indians to the coast—
phytology—rivers and ports—povoaçoes.—Island of Ascension 288

CHAP. XIV.
PROVINCE OF PORTO SEGURO.
Boundaries—prosperity of its first donatory—reversion to the crown in a
bad state—present partial cultivation—Indians—mountains—mineralogy
—zoology—phytology—rivers, lakes, and ports—povoaçoes—abrolhos 297

CHAP. XV.
PROVINCE OF BAHIA.
Boundaries—Caramuru—first donatory—cruel war of the Indians—the
capitania forsaken—return of the donatory—shipwreck—slaughter of all
but Caramuru—governor-general—foundation of St. Salvador.—
Comarca of the Ilheos—originally a capitania—extent—fertility—
mountains—mineralogy—phytology—zoology—rivers and lakes—
povoaçoes.—Comarca of Jacobina—extent—mineralogy—mountains—
rivers—phytology—zoology—povoaçoes.—Comarca of Bahia—extent—
mountains—mineralogy—phytology—zoology—islands—rivers—
povoaçoes.—St. Salvador—churches and convents—public buildings—
Sepulchre of Caramuru’s wife—negroes—commerce—produce—
exports in 1817 and 1818—state of society—adoption of a new
constitution 309

CHAP. XVI.
PROVINCE OF SEREGIPE D’EL REY.
Colonization—reduction of the Indians—extent—mountains rivers and 347
 lakes—mineralogy—zoology—phytology—povoaçoes

CHAP. XVII.
PROVINCE OF PERNAMBUCO.
Voyage from Rio de Janeiro—first donatories—taken by the Dutch—
restoration—reversion to the crown—Indians—boundaries—mountains
—colony of negroes—mineralogy—zoology—phytology—rivers—
islands—comarcas of Ollinda, Recife, Alagoas—povoaçoes—ouvidoria
of the certain of Pernambuco—rivers—towns—Recife, or Pernambuco
—Ollinda—Mattutos—state of society—apathy—environs—revolution in
1817—military government—adoption of a new constitution—holidays—
produce—inspection—sugar engenho—contribution-fund—population—
Fribourg House 355

CHAP. XVIII.
PROVINCE OF PARAHIBA.
Extent—capitania of Itamaraca—slow advancement—taken by the Dutch
—restoration—capes and ports—rivers—mountains—zoology—
phytology—povoaçoes—capital—British establishments—produce 394

CHAP. XIX.
PROVINCE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE.
Contests with Indians—conquest—taken by the Dutch—restored—extent
—sterility of soil—capes and ports—mineralogy—mountains—zoology
—phytology—rivers and lakes—povoaçoes—island of Fernando de
Noronha 404

CHAP. XX.
PROVINCE OF SIARA.
Colonization—boundaries—Indians—taken by the Dutch—restored —
mountains—mineralogy—zoology—phytology—rivers and lakes—
povoaçoes 412

CHAP. XXI.
PROVINCE OF PIAUHY.
Boundaries—first settlers—cattle fazendas—mountains—mineralogy—
rivers—towns 424

CHAP. XXII.
PROVINCE OF MARANHAM.
First donatory—shipwreck of persons intended for its colonization— 433
establishment of the French—retaken—foundation of capital—taken by
the Dutch—retaken—agricultural company—boundaries—rivers, ports,
and islands—mineralogy—phytology—zoology—Indians—povoaçoes—
city of Maranham—commerce—exports of produce

CHAP. XXIII.
PROVINCE OF PARA.
First settlement—contests with Indians—slavery of the Indians—their
liberation—Boundaries—mineralogy—phytology—zoology—ports and
rivers—Igaruana Indians.—District of Para-Proper—capital—buildings—
exports—English establishments—adoption of a new constitution—
towns.—District of Xingutania—limits—in possession of Indians—rivers
—towns.—District of Tapajonia—limits—rivers—Indians—towns.—
District of Mundrucania—rivers—principally possessed by the Indians—
their different customs—towns 448

CHAP. XXIV.
PROVINCE OF SOLIMOES.
Jurisdiction—origin of its name—boundaries and extent—partially known
—division into six districts—rivers—various Indians—customs—
povoaçoes 477

CHAP. XXV.
PROVINCE OF GUIANNA.
Boundaries—islands—rivers—towns—Indians 485

CHAP. XXVI.
Conclusive observations 498

Appendix 501
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.
A
Abbey, Richard, esq. Pancras-lane.
Ablet, Isaac, esq. Bucklersbury.
Ainslie, Dr. Dover-street.
Ainsworth, Thos. esq. solicitor, Manchester.
Allen, John, esq. Manchester.
Anderson, John, esq. St. Vincent’s Street, Glasgow.
Andrew, Jonathan, esq. Manchester.
Andrew, Thomas, esq. jun. Manchester.
Andrew, George, esq. Green-hill, Cheshire.
Andrew, Robert, esq. Green-Mount, Manchester.
Ansley, Alderman, 95, Park-street.
Ashton, John, esq. New Cannon-street, Manchester.
Ashton, Thomas, esq. Liverpool.
Atkinson, William, esq. Nicholas-lane.
Atkinson, Matthew, esq. Temple-Sowerby.
Austwick, ——, esq. Friday-street.

B
Becket, The Right Hon. John, Judge-Advocate, M.P. Downing-street.
Bamber, W. and Co. Messrs. Manchester.
Barnett, John, esq. City-road.
Barrow, Thomas, esq. Manchester.
Barton, Sir William, Henry-st. Liverpool.
Bateman, James, esq. Islington-house, Manchester.
Beardsworth, George, esq. High-street, Manchester.
Beck, Francis, esq. 12, Old Jewry.
Benkhausen, George, esq. Russian Vice-Consul, Winchester-street.
Bentham, William, esq. Gower-street.
Bentley, John, jun. esq. Stockport.
Bibby, John, esq. Liverpool.
Bielby, Hyde, and Co. Messrs. Birmingham.
Birkbeck, George, esq. M.P. Cateaton-st.
Birtless, Thomas, esq. Manchester.
Blackett, J. jun. esq. 20, London-street.
Blaikie, Robert, esq. 4, St. Hanover-street, Glasgow.
Blair, George, esq. Bolton.
Blanckenhagen, J. C. esq. King-street.
Bolling, Edward, jun. esq. Bolton.
Bolton, J. esq. Liverpool.
Bond, J. esq. Church-street, Stoke Newington.
Bone, Mrs. 10, Cambridge-row, Hackney.
Booth, Benjamin, esq. Manchester.
Booth, Thomas, esq. Liverpool.
Boothby, J. B. esq. Everton, near Liverpool.
Bonsor, Joseph, esq. Salisbury-square.
Bousfield, John, esq. Manchester.
Bowen, Charles, esq. Chandos-st. Cavendish-square.
Bradshaw, John, esq. Manchester.
Bradley, Thomas, esq. Mark-lane.
Bradock, J. esq. St. James’s Square, Manchester.
Brandt, Charles, esq. Manchester.
Broadbent, James, esq. Manchester.
Brocklebank, Thomas, esq. Liverpool.
Brotherston, J. esq. Liverpool.
Broughton, ——, esq. Mecklenburg-square.
Brown, Archibald, esq. Glasgow.
Brown, James, esq. 190, Cross, Glasgow.
Brown, S. esq. Liverpool.
Brown, James, esq. St. Mildred’s Court.
Brown, Robert, esq. 157, Cheapside.
Buchan, Lawrence, esq. Manchester.
Buchannan, John, esq. Liverpool.
Buckle, John William, esq. Mark-lane.
Burgess, Henry, esq. Manchester.
Brunton, Thomas, esq. Commercial-road.
Burra, Robert, esq. Watling-street.
Bury, James, esq. Lever-street, Manchester.
Butler, W. H. esq. Water-lane.

C
Campbell, Thomas, esq. 23, Old Burlington-street.
Campbell, Charles, esq. Bishopsgate-street.
Campbell, J. esq. Liverpool.
Cardale, W. esq. Bedford-row.
Carmalt, C. esq. 30, Bow-lane.
Capper, Thomas, esq. Beaufort-buildings, Strand.
Carrick, Robert, esq. banker, Glasgow.
Carruthers, John, esq. Leadenhall-street.
Case, John Ashton, esq. Liverpool.
Chance, W. and G. Messrs. Birmingham.
Chetwode, C. esq. Liverpool.
Christian, Professor, Gray’s Inn.
Christie, John and Robert, and Co. Messrs. Manchester.
Clark, John, esq. Crutched Friars.
Clarkson, Thomas, esq. Playford-hall, near Ipswich.
Coats, Edward, esq. 35, Bernard-street, Russell-square.
Cockshott, James, esq. Pernambuco.
Cohn, G. J. and Sons, Messrs. Manchester.
Collier, Josiah, esq. Manchester.
Collins, Edward, esq. Bell-street, Glasgow.
Collinson, Thomas, esq. Lombard-street.
Collinson, John, esq. 29, Lambeth Marsh.
Colquhoun, Archibald, esq. Turner’s Court, Glasgow.
Cook, James, esq. 40, Mincing-lane.
Cooke, Isaac, esq. Liverpool.
Cooper, John and F. Messrs. Old ’Change.
Cooper, T. W. esq. Harleyford-place, Kennington.
Cooper, Astley, esq. New-street, Spring-Gardens.
Copland, Robert, esq. Liverpool.
Copling, John, esq. Newgate-street.
Corbould, Charles, esq. 4, Carey-lane, Foster-lane.
Cotter, Lieutenant-Colonel, Pernambuco.
Courtney, Thomas, esq. Old Jewry.
Cowie, George, esq. Russell-square.
Crammond, A. L. esq. 11, Leadenhall-st.
Crole, D. esq. Old Broad-street.
Crosby, Rev. Robert, A. M. Hoxton-sq.
Croggon, William, esq. 64, Cornhill.

D
De Dubatchefsky, A. esq. Russian Consul-General, 28, Great Winchester-st.
Da Costa, A. J. esq. Portuguese Consul, Liverpool.
Dalgairns, P. esq. 5, Martin’s Lane.
Dalglish, Robert, esq. Glasgow.
Darch, Thomas, esq. Admiralty.
Davenport, James, and Co. Messrs. 82, Fleet-street.
Davison, John, esq. 37, Gutter-lane.
Dawson, Jonathan, esq. Stratford, Essex.
Dawes, John, esq. Threadneedle-street.
Dawson, Jonathan, esq. Manchester.
Dawson, Richard, esq. Liverpool.
De la Chaumette, L. J. esq. Angel-court.
Delisle, Z. esq. Church-st. Stoke Newington.
Delpla, Edward, esq. Liverpool.
Dempster, J. esq. Commercial-ct. Glasgow.
Denison, James, esq. South Lambeth.
Dent, William, esq. Wandsworth-common.
Devas, William, esq. Watling-street.
Dixon, William, esq. Liverpool.
Dixon, Francis, esq. Manchester.
Dixon, George, esq. Manchester.
Dobson, John, esq. 17, Bucklersbury.
Duff, William, esq. Liverpool.
Dugdale, Adam, esq. Manchester.
Dyson, Thomas F. esq. Liverpool.

E
Edgar, T. esq. 9, Billiter-square.
Edwards, Richard, esq. Seel-st. Liverpool.
Edwards, C. A. esq. Wandsworth.
Engstrom, Charles, esq. St. Mildred’s Ct.
Euing, W. R. esq. Liverpool.
Evans, Thomas, esq. Watling-street.
Eyes, Charles, esq. Liverpool.

F
Fitzwilliam, the Right Hon. the Earl, 4, Grosvenor-square.
Farrer, William, esq. Watling-street.
Fawcett, Peter, esq. Manchester.
Fawdington, William, esq. Manchester.
Fell, Richard, esq. Bolton.
Fielding, Jeremiah, esq. 64, Mosley-street, Manchester.
Fisher, John, esq. 23, Watling-street.
Fleming, T. esq. Water-st. Manchester.
Forrester, W. esq. 3, Crown-ct., Broad-st.
Fortunato, A. P. esq. Liverpool.
Fothergill, J. esq. Stockwell-place, Surrey.
Fox, E. B. esq. 80, Old Broad-street.
Freeze, J. H. jun. esq. Mecklenburgh-sq.
Frend, William, esq. Rock Life Assurance, Bridge-street.